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<document id="B0D086C38D4CE80A48BCDB19EB98F0FF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="135b7553-b75c-4020-b1a6-c689a05b7e66" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218625" ID-ZooBank="58AD6857-8CDD-4423-88D0-619CD8D793AC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460581053656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Joshi, Jahnavi &amp; Edgecombe, Gregory D." docDate="2013" docId="4F7A87F2FFC5FFAFFF0BF90DFAA8FAF0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03626p145.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3626 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="122" masterDocId="B343FF8AFFD1FFB8FF9CFFBFFFE3FFFC" masterDocTitle="Revision of the scolopendrid centipede Digitipes Attems, 1930, from India (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): reconciling molecular and morphological estimates of species diversity" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1698324300789" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0181A42D07638DDEB6DC6D0753DF25C8">Revision of the scolopendrid centipede Digitipes Attems, 1930, from India (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): reconciling molecular and morphological estimates of species diversity</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4F7A87F2FFC5FFAFFF0BF90DFAA8FAF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6154132" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119563412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6154132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F7A87F2FFC5FFAFFF0BF90DFAA8FAF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F7A87F2FFC5FFAFFF0BF90DFAA8FAF0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFC5FFACFF0BF90DFD7DF8AD" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC5FFACFF0BF90DFDD1F930" blockId="20.[151,562,1714,1773]" box="[151,562,1714,1740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
<heading id="9C248188FFC5FFACFF0BF90DFDD1F930" bold="true" box="[151,562,1714,1740]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC5FFACFF0BF90DFDD1F930" ID-CoL="4B7ZC" authority="Pocock, 1890" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,562,1714,1740]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC5FFACFF0BF90DFDD1F930" bold="true" box="[151,562,1714,1740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC5FFACFF0BF90DFE6AF930" bold="true" box="[151,393,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Otostigmus ruficeps</emphasis>
Pocock, 1890
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC5FFACFF0BF96AFEC4F911" blockId="20.[151,562,1714,1773]" box="[151,295,1749,1773]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
(
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC5FFACFF03F96AFEFCF911" box="[159,287,1749,1773]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 68 73" captionStart-1="FIGURES 74 77" captionStartId-0="21.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,264,970,993]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,337,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[395,1198,193,948]" captionTargetId-0="figure@21.[151,1436,337,1849]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[388,1198,193,949]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="FIGURES 68 73. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 68. Cephalic plate and T 1, dorsal view, CES 091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES 091048, scale = 1 mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES 001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES 091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 74 77. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 74. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 75. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 76. Spiracle on segment 3, CES 091013, scale = 0.5 mm. 77. TT 17 20, dorsal view, CES 08960, scale = 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/218638/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Figs 6877</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC5FFACFF0BF8A1FD7DF8AD" blockId="20.[151,790,1821,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC5FFACFF0BF8A1FDCBF8CF" authority="Pocock, 1890: 247" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="247" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,552,1821,1843]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC5FFACFF0BF8A1FE81F8CF" box="[151,354,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Otostigmus ruficeps</emphasis>
Pocock, 1890: 247
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 12, figs 22b.
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC5FFACFF0BF883FE8AF8AE" box="[151,361,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC5FFACFF0BF883FE86F8AE" box="[151,357,1852,1874]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">Otostigmus ruficeps</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Lewis, 1996: 828, figs 2023.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFC5FFACFF0BF8E4FCF5F88C" box="[151,790,1882,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" type="description">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC5FFACFF0BF8E4FCF5F88C" blockId="20.[151,790,1821,1904]" box="[151,790,1882,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC5FFACFF0BF8E4FF17F88C" box="[151,244,1883,1904]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC5FFACFF0BF8E4FF17F88C" box="[151,244,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Digitipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
putative species 9. Joshi and Karanth, 2012: figs 2, 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFC5FFADFF0BF822FCD9FEE0" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC5FFADFF0BF822FCD9FEE0" blockId="20.[151,1436,1949,2009]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC5FFACFF0BF822FEF2F84A" bold="true" box="[151,273,1949,1974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC5FFACFE84F821FE74F849" box="[280,407,1950,1973]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="20" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC5FFACFE84F821FE74F849" box="[280,407,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="119">Otostigmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 21 elongate antennal articles, the basal 22.5 glabrous dorsally; forcipular tooth plates with 4+4 large teeth, small (fifth) inner tooth variably present; four teeth along margin of forcipular trochanteroprefemoral process; longitudinal median depression on posterior half of tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment; two apical spines on coxopleural process, dorsal spine rarely present; lateral spine mostly lacking; two tarsal spurs on legs
<date id="B36D1024FFC4FFADFEE5FF60FDE2FF0B" box="[377,513,223,247]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120" value="1919-01-04" valueMax="1919-01-01" valueMin="1919-01-04">14 to 119</date>
(usually
<date id="B36D1024FFC4FFADFDF0FF60FCE7FF0B" box="[620,772,223,247]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120" value="1919-01-17" valueMax="1919-01-01" valueMin="1919-01-17">117 to 119</date>
), one on leg 20; a tibial spur typically on legs 16 to 18; ultimate leg prefemur with 2 VM spines and 23 VL spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="93AC666CFFC4FFADFF0BF8F1FAA5F83C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="120" targetBox="[151,1435,337,1836]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC4FFADFF0BF8F1FAA5F83C" blockId="21.[151,1436,1870,1984]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC4FFADFF0BF8F1FEC4F89F" bold="true" box="[151,295,1870,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">FIGURES 68</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC4FFADFEA8F8F1FEB7F89F" bold="true" box="[308,340,1870,1891]" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">73.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC4FFADFEC7F8F0FD5FF898" authority="Pocock, 1890" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[347,700,1870,1892]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="21" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC4FFADFEC7F8F0FE2DF898" box="[347,462,1871,1892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">Otostigmus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC4FFADFE49F8F1FDC4F898" box="[469,551,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="120">ruficeps</emphasis>
Pocock, 1890
</taxonomicName>
. 68. Cephalic plate and T1, dorsal view, CES091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES091048, scale = 1mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES091330, scale = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="93AC666CFFC7FFAEFF0BFC75FD68FBE1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218638/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" targetBox="[395,1198,193,948]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF0BFC75FD68FBE1" blockId="22.[151,1437,970,1053]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC7FFAEFF0BFC75FEC5FC1C" bold="true" box="[151,294,970,993]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">FIGURES 74</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC7FFAEFEA8FC74FEB0FC1C" bold="true" box="[308,339,971,992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">77.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC7FFAEFEC3FC74FD5DFC1C" authority="Pocock, 1890" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[351,702,970,992]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC7FFAEFEC3FC74FE30FC1C" box="[351,467,971,992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Otostigmus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC7FFAEFE45FC75FDC8FC1C" box="[473,555,970,992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">ruficeps</emphasis>
Pocock, 1890
</taxonomicName>
. 74. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, CES091327, scale = 1 mm. 75. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, CES091327, scale = 1 mm. 76. Spiracle on segment 3, CES091013, scale = 0.5 mm. 77. TT1720, dorsal view, CES08960, scale = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFC7FFAEFF55FBF5FDDDFB32" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF55FBF5FDDDFB32" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC7FFAEFF55FBF5FE21FB9F" bold="true" box="[201,450,1098,1123]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Material examined.</emphasis>
CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFD90FBF5FD80FB9E" box="[524,611,1098,1122]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="13-09-10">091013</date>
, from Pushpagiri Reserve Forest, Karnataka; CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFB68FBF5FAA8FB9E" box="[1268,1355,1098,1122]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="48-09-10">091048</date>
, from Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Kerala; CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFD0CFBD1FD04FB7A" box="[656,743,1134,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="27-09-13">091327</date>
, CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFCB7FBD1FC61FB7A" box="[811,898,1134,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="30-09-13">091330</date>
, CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFC5BFBD1FBFEFB7A" box="[967,1053,1134,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="31-09-13">091331</date>
, from Siruvani Reserve Forests, Kerala; CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFEB6FB2DFE63FB56" box="[298,384,1170,1194]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="21-09-10">091021</date>
, from Bisale Ghat Reserve Forests, Karanataka; CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFB98FB2DFBB8FB56" box="[1028,1115,1170,1194]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="42-09-13">091342</date>
, from Achankovil Reserve Forest, Kerala. All leg. J. Joshi, 2009.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFC7FFAFFF55FB65FD0FFEE0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF55FB65FA7FFAC6" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC7FFAEFF55FB65FEB9FB0F" bold="true" box="[201,346,1242,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Description.</emphasis>
[Based on CES material from Karnataka and Kerala] Length to
<quantity id="002B9B01FFC7FFAEFBB4FB65FB99FB0E" box="[1064,1146,1242,1266]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 mm</quantity>
. 21 antennal articles apart from one specimen with 17; basal 22.5 articles glabrous dorsally, usually 2.22.33, one specimen with third article glabrous apart from its distal half on inner side only. Longitudinal median furrow on anterior 25% of cephalic plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF5BFAF9FAE2FA7E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Cephalic plate and T1 brown or orange-brown except for blue anterior part of cephalic plate; TT2 or 3 to 21 mostly blue or with brown pigment increasing from ca T12; basal glabrous part of antenna pale blue.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF55FA31FD86F9EE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
Forcipular coxosternal tooth plates with four main teeth (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC7FFAEFCFEFA31FC09FA5A" box="[866,1002,1422,1446]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 73" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 68 73. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 68. Cephalic plate and T 1, dorsal view, CES 091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES 091048, scale = 1 mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES 001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES 091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Figs 69, 70</figureCitation>
), inner two usually grouped together, outer tooth smaller than the inner three; tiny fifth tooth at inner margin on one side of two specimens. Trochanteroprefemoral process with three (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC7FFAEFD1BFA69FD38FA12" box="[647,731,1494,1518]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 73" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 68 73. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 68. Cephalic plate and T 1, dorsal view, CES 091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES 091048, scale = 1 mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES 001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES 091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
) or usually four teeth, arranged as distal tooth and two teeth along inner margin or four uniform teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF55F9A1FED2F9A6" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Second maxillary claw with slender, needle-like accessory spurs. Article 2 of telopodite bearing a slender spine distally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF55F9D9FB12F95E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
Tergites with paramedian sutures complete from TT5 to 7; tergites marginate from 6 to 8. Tergites smooth, lacking median ridge or keels (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC7FFAEFE6DF935FDA5F95E" box="[497,582,1674,1698]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 77" captionStartId="22.[151,264,970,993]" captionTargetBox="[395,1198,193,948]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[388,1198,193,949]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 74 77. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 74. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 75. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 76. Spiracle on segment 3, CES 091013, scale = 0.5 mm. 77. TT 17 20, dorsal view, CES 08960, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218638/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
). Sternites with paramedian sutures confined to anterior part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF55F910FA64F8F2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
Two tarsal spurs on legs
<date id="B36D1024FFC7FFAEFE7BF911FD9DF93A" box="[487,638,1710,1734]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121" value="1919-01-17" valueMax="1919-01-01" valueMin="1919-01-17">117 to 119</date>
except for one individual with two spurs on legs 14 only; one tarsal spur on leg 20; a tibial spur on legs 16, 17 or 18 except for one individual with spur on leg 1 only (same specimen as with restricted number of legs with two tarsal spurs). A femoral spur variably present on leg 1 only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAEFF55F8A5FAF1F862" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment with nearly parallel lateral margins, usually with straight posterolateral margins, pointed posteromedially (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC7FFAEFDACF881FD68F8AA" box="[560,651,1854,1878]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 73" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 68 73. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 68. Cephalic plate and T 1, dorsal view, CES 091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES 091048, scale = 1 mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES 001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES 091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
); one specimen with a more transverse posterior margin; shallow longitudinal median depression on posterior half of tergite. Sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment with sides converging relatively strongly posteriorly, nearly straight, posterior margin variably concave (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC7FFAEFB2EF839FAE6F862" box="[1202,1285,1926,1950]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 73" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 68 73. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 68. Cephalic plate and T 1, dorsal view, CES 091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES 091048, scale = 1 mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES 001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES 091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC7FFAFFF55F815FD0FFEE0" blockId="22.[151,1437,1098,2022]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,1293]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">
Coxopleural process moderately long, not obviously inflected from posterolateral margin of coxopleuron in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC7FFAEFEADF871FE67F81A" box="[305,388,1998,2022]" captionStart="FIGURES 68 73" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 68 73. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 68. Cephalic plate and T 1, dorsal view, CES 091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES 091048, scale = 1 mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES 001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES 091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="121">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
), with two apical spines except for one individual with three apical spines on one side; lateral spine lacking except for one individual with one lateral spine on one side. Pores relatively dense; non-porose area on coxopleural process long, narrow, reaching posterior margin of sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC6FFAFFAF2FF03FF54FF0B" captionStart="FIGURES 68 73" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 68 73. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 68. Cephalic plate and T 1, dorsal view, CES 091013, scale = 2 mm. 69. Forcipular segment, ventral view, CES 091048, scale = 1 mm. 70. Tooth plates, ventral view, CES 001013, scale = 1 mm. 71. Coxopleuron, lateral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm. 72. Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, dorsal view, CES 091330, scale = 2 mm. 73. Coxopleuron and sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, ventral view, CES 091330, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218637/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
). Ultimate leg prefemoral spines: VL 2 or 3, VM 2, DM 0 (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC6FFAFFCC8FF60FC4AFF0B" box="[852,937,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 77" captionStartId="22.[151,264,970,993]" captionTargetBox="[395,1198,193,948]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[388,1198,193,949]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 74 77. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 74. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 75. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 76. Spiracle on segment 3, CES 091013, scale = 0.5 mm. 77. TT 17 20, dorsal view, CES 08960, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218638/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
). Ultimate leg tarsus 1 1.72 times length of tarsus 2; pretarsus with pair of short accessory claws.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FC9656FFFC6FFAFFF55FE98FAA8FAF0" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC6FFAFFF55FE98FD18FCA0" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFF55FE98FEADFEBC" bold="true" box="[201,334,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Discussion.</emphasis>
This species was resolved as sister species to all other Indian
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFC61FE96FB87FEBC" box="[1021,1124,297,320]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFC61FE96FB87FEBC" box="[1021,1124,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Digitipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the molecular phylogeny (Joshi and Karanth 2012), and the clade that unites the other species had strong node support (posterior probability 1, bootstrap support 100%). No specimens have a distomedial process on the femur of the ultimate leg (
<figureCitation id="5FE82A61FFC6FFAFFAA5FED0FA6DFE7B" box="[1337,1422,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 77" captionStartId="22.[151,264,970,993]" captionTargetBox="[395,1198,193,948]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[388,1198,193,949]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 74 77. Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890. 74. Ultimate leg prefemur, ventral view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 75. Ultimate leg femur, dorsal view, CES 091327, scale = 1 mm. 76. Spiracle on segment 3, CES 091013, scale = 0.5 mm. 77. TT 17 20, dorsal view, CES 08960, scale = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218638/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
), rendering assignment to
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFE37FE2AFDF1FE50" box="[427,530,405,428]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFE37FE2AFDF1FE50" box="[427,530,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Digitipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
unproven. Most specimens of this species differ from Indian
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFB59FE2AFACFFE50" box="[1221,1324,405,428]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFB59FE2AFACFFE50" box="[1221,1324,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Digitipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having two tarsal spurs and a tibial spur on much more posterior segments than in the other species (i.e., two tarsal spurs to legs 1719 versus not further than to leg 14, and usually confined to legs 13 or 14; a tibial spur to legs 68 versus confined to leg 1 only). We note, however, that a specimen nested within the molecular phylogeny for the species (CES
<date id="B36D1024FFC6FFAFFF4DFD9BFECBFDC0" box="[209,296,548,572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" value="42-09-13">091342</date>
) has two tarsal spurs only as far as leg 4 and a tibial spur on leg 1 only. Other characters that differ from Indian
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFEBFFDF6FE69FD9C" box="[291,394,585,608]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFEBFFDF6FE69FD9C" box="[291,394,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Digitipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the non-exact transition to glabrous antennal articles (a partial glabrous extent is seen on article 3 versus an abrupt transition between articles 2 and 3, 3 and 4, or 4 and
<quantity id="002B9B01FFC6FFAFFBB3FDD3FBBFFD78" box="[1071,1116,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
all Indian
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFB47FDD2FAA2FD78" box="[1243,1345,621,644]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Digitipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFB47FDD2FAA2FD78" box="[1243,1345,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Digitipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied here), and the longitudinal depression on the tergite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment. These characters are shared by
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFE90FD0AFD71FD30" authority="Pocock, 1890" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[268,658,692,716]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFE90FD0AFE0DFD30" box="[268,494,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Otostigmus ruficeps</emphasis>
Pocock, 1890
</taxonomicName>
, until now known only from its
<typeStatus id="18688846FFC6FFAFFB9CFD0BFB86FD30" box="[1024,1125,692,716]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, from Madras. Comparison of the
<typeStatus id="18688846FFC6FFAFFF72FD68FEB3FD13" box="[238,336,727,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(NHM 1890.1.23.22) and our collections strongly indicates conspecificity, and the species diagnosis is revised above based on shared characters that provide a distinctive combination within
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFA80FD42FEC8FCCB" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFA80FD42FA78FCE8" box="[1308,1435,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Otostigmus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFF3CFC9FFEC3FCCB" box="[160,288,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Otostigmus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Characters of the ultimate leg are added to the diagnosis based on our material because the
<typeStatus id="18688846FFC6FFAFFAA6FCA0FA7FFCCB" box="[1338,1436,799,823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
lacked ultimate legs even at the time of its description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C76C36E4FFC6FFAFFF48FCD8FAA8FAF0" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
Lewis (1996) redescribed the
<typeStatus id="18688846FFC6FFAFFDA8FCD8FD75FC83" box="[564,662,871,895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFD58FCD7FCA6FC7C" box="[708,837,872,896]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFD58FCD7FCA6FC7C" box="[708,837,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFD58FCD7FD38FC83" box="[708,731,872,895]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. ruficeps
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and noted that the species keys out to
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFA80FCD7FE4EFC58" authority="Haase, 1887" authorityName="Haase" authorityYear="1887" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidens">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFA80FCD7FEE7FC58" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Otostigmus multidens</emphasis>
(Haase, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
using the standard keys (Kraepelin 1903; Attems 1930b). He noted that the number of forcipular teeth (5+5) in the
<typeStatus id="18688846FFC6FFAFFE40FC10FDDDFC3B" box="[476,574,943,967]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFDFAFC0FFD07FC34" box="[614,740,944,968]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFDFAFC0FFD07FC34" box="[614,740,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFDFAFC0FFD9EFC3B" box="[614,637,944,967]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. ruficeps
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is at the extremity of the range observed in
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFB43FC0FFA93FC34" box="[1247,1392,944,968]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidens">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFB43FC0FFA93FC34" box="[1247,1392,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFB43FC0FFB15FC3B" box="[1247,1270,944,967]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. multidens
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but concluded that no clear distinction could be made between the two species, and proposed the junior synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFF0BFC47FEF7FBEC" box="[151,276,1016,1040]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFF0BFC47FEF7FBEC" box="[151,276,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFF0BFC47FF4DFBF3" box="[151,174,1016,1039]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. ruficeps
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The present collections suggest that the small inner tooth on the tooth plates of the
<typeStatus id="18688846FFC6FFAFFB50FC48FACDFBF3" box="[1228,1326,1015,1039]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
relates to variability within a species that more commonly has 4+4 large teeth. Redescription of
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFB0EFBA2FAC5FBC8" box="[1170,1318,1052,1076]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidens">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFB0EFBA2FAC5FBC8" box="[1170,1318,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFB0EFBA2FB4AFBC8" box="[1170,1193,1053,1076]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. multidens
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Lewis (2001) and examination of material of that species from
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFC91FB80FC90FBAB" box="[781,883,1087,1111]" name="Thailand" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFCE2FB80FC3EFBAB" box="[894,989,1087,1111]" name="Vietnam" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and New
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFBD3FB80FB43FBAB" box="[1103,1184,1087,1111]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">Guinea</collectingCountry>
lead us to maintain
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFA1DFBFFFF12FB80" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFA1DFBFFFF12FB80" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFA1DFBFFFA7BFBAB" box="[1409,1432,1088,1111]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. ruficeps
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species from
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFE62FBDBFDD8FB80" box="[510,571,1124,1148]" name="India" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">India</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFDDAFBDAFD36FB80" box="[582,725,1124,1148]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidens">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFDDAFBDAFD36FB80" box="[582,725,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFDDAFBDAFDBEFB80" box="[582,605,1125,1148]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. multidens
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has small teeth interpolated between some of the large teeth on the tooth plates, and has tibial spurs extending as far posteriorly as legs 1618 (versus legs
<quantity id="002B9B01FFC6FFAFFB3EFB37FB0AFB5C" box="[1186,1257,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="0.254" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="1.0">17 in</quantity>
the
<typeStatus id="18688846FFC6FFAFFA87FB37FA9EFB5C" box="[1307,1405,1160,1184]" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFF0BFB12FEF0FB38" box="[151,275,1196,1220]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFF0BFB12FEF0FB38" box="[151,275,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFF0BFB12FF4DFB38" box="[151,174,1197,1220]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. ruficeps
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and legs 16, 7 or
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our specimens). These differences are consistent with separate species, although the shared presence of four teeth on the forcipular trochanteroprefemoral process and a longitudinal depression on the tergite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment suggest that
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFCB3FB4AFC48FAF0" box="[815,939,1268,1292]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFCB3FB4AFC48FAF0" box="[815,939,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFCB3FB4AFCA5FAF0" box="[815,838,1269,1292]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. ruficeps
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00D34D67FFC6FFAFFC7EFB4AFB92FAF0" box="[994,1137,1268,1292]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Otostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="23" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidens">
<emphasis id="F5A7EAF6FFC6FFAFFC7EFB4AFB92FAF0" box="[994,1137,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">
<collectingCountry id="BFC47674FFC6FFAFFC7EFB4AFC1AFAF0" box="[994,1017,1269,1292]" name="Iceland" pageId="23" pageNumber="122">O</collectingCountry>
. multidens
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely related.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>