treatments-xml/data/05/19/87/05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918.xml

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<document id="AE598AA30FFB832EC47680578C953D1D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13698837" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725571155045" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cahen, Daniel &amp; Utteridge, Timothy M. A." docDate="2017" docId="05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.307.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 307 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ventilago crenata Cahen &amp; Utteridge 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="174" masterDocId="F920FFE0FFA47918334BFFDF767EFFC8" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Ventilago (Rhamnaceae) from South-East Asia" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1725579633148" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5AC573BA67B1D05E063BD17A5BB48004">Three new species of Ventilago (Rhamnaceae) from South-East Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="12672EBACFAE746F9968FE01D634B685" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C03062C79E9167479C287E392CE9C4DC">Cahen, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="429D6EA885D2B347D444E4CB662991EE">Université de Strasbourg, Life Sciences Faculty, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg, France. &amp; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Herbarium, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0DC2EEFA0ED89D9D596B71853B4DB8C0">Utteridge, Timothy M. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1C83AAC789109262659969B99E5D6DBC">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Herbarium, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F2F262159BB075F216CD444D2FDCDCBA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CAB815C5C3EF75B61FFD3614FB20CDCA">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C0AFB14432B2F20BABF97F9E9193A25B">2017-05-26</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="C5CA29B1FE2B5B7E6783CAD9347EDC82">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DD9CEB8DE47910F6847CCBC32D492CBC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DCA8660E1E715C223335A7DB988EFCA0" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FD45259057DCE837B3A00AF0B38C56B6" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<subSubSection id="C5AA6505FFA6791A33C3FC4F74A4FC63" box="[136,730,912,939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA6791A33C3FC4F74A4FC63" blockId="2.[136,730,912,939]" box="[136,730,912,939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<heading id="D64781E2FFA6791A33C3FC4F74A4FC63" box="[136,730,912,939]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA6791A33C3FC4F7451FC63" ID-CoL="7FLFD" authority="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityName="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,559,912,939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A33C3FC4F772DFC62" bold="true" box="[136,339,912,939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Ventilago crenata</emphasis>
Cahen &amp; Utteridge
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A317DFC4D74F5FC63" box="[566,651,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A4F757E7FFA6791A317DFC4D74F5FC63" box="[566,651,914,939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="158B2A0BFFA6791A31D3FC4D74A4FC63" box="[664,730,914,939]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1925,1946]" captionTargetBox="[163,1430,201,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-13@1.[151,1436,190,1900]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventilago crenata. A habit. B leaf, abaxial view. C detail of marginal venation pattern, abaxial view. D detail of asymmetric leaf base, abaxial view. E detail of abaxial midrib showing domatia. F flower. G flower, longitudinal section. H petal, abaxial view. I immature fruit. Scale bar: A = 3 cm; B = 2 cm; C, D = 5 mm; E, F, G = 2 mm; H = 1 mm; I = 4 mm.All from Pullen 5672. DRAWN BY LUCY T. SMITH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13698839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13698839/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5AA6505FFA6791A33C3FC6773EDFBDD" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA6791A33C3FC6773EDFBDD" blockId="2.[136,1452,952,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA6791A33C3FC67774CFC05" ID-CoL="7FLFD" authorityName="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,306,952,973]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A33C3FC67774CFC05" box="[136,306,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Ventilago crenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA6791A32FDFC67748EFC05" ID-CoL="7FLGW" authority="K. Schum." authorityName="K. Schum." box="[438,752,952,973]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A32FDFC6774F9FC05" box="[438,647,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Ventilago microcarpa</emphasis>
K.Schum.
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="E9214B7FFFA6791A305AFC677223FC05" author="Schumann, K. &amp; Hollrung, M." box="[785,1117,952,973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" refId="ref8409" refString="Schumann, K. &amp; Hollrung, M. (1889) Die Flora von Kaiser Wilhelms Land. Kommissions-Verlag: Asher &amp; Co., Berlin, v + 137 pp." type="book" year="1889">Schumann &amp; Hollrung (1889: 72)</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA6791A37C4FC677712FC39" ID-CoL="8S9FB" authority="Merrill &amp; Perry (1941: 263)" authorityName="Merrill &amp; Perry" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="1941" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A37C4FC67733BFC05" box="[1167,1349,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Ventilago papuana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E9214B7FFFA6791A3606FC677712FC39" author="Merrill, E. D. &amp; Perry, L. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="173" pagination="253 - 270" refId="ref7619" refString="Merrill, E. D. &amp; Perry, L. M. (1941) Plantae Papuanae Archboldianae, VI. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 22: 253 - 270." type="journal article" year="1941">Merrill &amp; Perry (1941: 263)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in its leaves, which have crenate margins, fewer secondary veins that are more elevated abaxially, a shorter petiole and tufts of hairs in secondary vein axils. The species also differs in its flowers, whose nectary disks are glabrous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5AA6505FFA6791A33C3FBFB72ABF977" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA6791A33C3FBFB7291FB95" blockId="2.[136,1452,952,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A33C3FBFB76A4FBF1" bold="true" box="[136,218,1060,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3DD83CD3FFA6791A3391FBFB7295FB95" collectingDate="1964-08-13" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Northern Division" elevation="640" location="Dareki village" municipality="Pongani valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F5A7761EFFA6791A3391FBFB77B4FBF1" box="[218,458,1060,1081]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">PAPUA NEW GUINEA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCounty id="646E4E02FFA6791A329EFBFB74F9FBF1" box="[469,647,1060,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Northern Division</collectingCounty>
[
<collectingRegion id="4F74F86CFFA6791A31DFFBFB7482FBF1" box="[660,764,1060,1081]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Northern" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Oro Prov.</collectingRegion>
]:
<collectingMunicipality id="6D6BACF4FFA6791A3047FBFB75E0FBF1" box="[780,926,1060,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Pongani valley</collectingMunicipality>
near
<location id="886F6055FFA6791A309CFBFB721AFBF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918:886F6055FFA6791A309CFBFB721AFBF1" box="[983,1124,1060,1081]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Northern Division" municipality="Pongani valley" name="Dareki village" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" stateProvince="Northern">Dareki village</location>
,
<location id="886F6055FFA6791A3724FBFB736AFBF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918:886F6055FFA6791A3724FBFB736AFBF1" box="[1135,1300,1060,1081]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Northern Division" municipality="Pongani valley" name="Managalese area" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" stateProvince="Northern">Managalese area</location>
,
<location id="886F6055FFA6791A3654FBFB73F2FBF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918:886F6055FFA6791A3654FBFB73F2FBF1" box="[1311,1420,1060,1081]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Northern Division" municipality="Pongani valley" name="Rain forest" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" stateProvince="Northern">Rain forest</location>
on broken lava slope, ca.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A32DFFB977790FB95" box="[404,494,1096,1117]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4008" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="ft" value="2100.0">
<elevation id="069DD1BDFFA6791A32DFFB977790FB95" box="[404,494,1096,1117]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4008" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="ft" value="2100.0">2100 feet</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A32B1FB977442FB95" box="[506,572,1096,1117]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="650.0">
<elevation id="069DD1BDFFA6791A32B1FB977442FB95" box="[506,572,1096,1117]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</elevation>
</quantity>
],
<date id="F90E104EFFA6791A3106FB977499FB95" box="[589,743,1096,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" value="1964-08-13">
<collectingDate id="E94AE9A6FFA6791A3106FB977499FB95" box="[589,743,1096,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" value="1964-08-13">13 August 1964</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A31BAFB97751BFB95" box="[753,869,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Pullen 5672</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="520B882CFFA6791A3039FB9775B5FB95" box="[882,971,1096,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: L!;
<typeStatus id="520B882CFFA6791A30BCFB977237FB95" box="[1015,1097,1096,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
: GH!, LAE n.v.)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA6791A33C3FB5572ABF977" blockId="2.[136,1452,1162,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A33C3FB55769AFB6B" box="[136,228,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Climber</emphasis>
, woody.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A321EFB55779FFB6B" box="[341,481,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Indumentum</emphasis>
sparse at base of branchlets, dense at distal end of branchlets; hairs cinereous to fulvous, spreading to appressed-antrorse.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A3112FB7174BDFB0F" box="[601,707,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Branches</emphasis>
slender, terete, smooth, reddish-brown; branchlets ridged.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A3618FB7173D2FB0F" box="[1363,1452,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Stipules</emphasis>
fugaceous.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A324EFB0D772DFB23" box="[261,339,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Leaves</emphasis>
with lamina narrow ovate to elliptic,
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A31A1FB0D750DFB23" box="[746,883,1234,1259]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="cm" value="7.95" valueMax="10.8" valueMin="5.1">5.110.8 cm</quantity>
long, 2.45.0 cm wide, chartaceous-subcoriaceous, slightly shiny adaxially, abaxial lamina bearing small rounded glandular spots, apex slightly attenuate to rounded, blunt to mucronulate, base usually asymmetric, rounded to widely cuneate, margins irregularly crenate, apical end of crenations tipped with a minute callosity; primary vein abaxially sparsely hairy, elevated and drying with a red colour; secondary veins 46 pairs, decurrent along the primary vein, abaxially sparsely hairy, elevated, unbranched and remaining separate, tertiary veins perpendicular to the primary vein, most spaced by c.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A370BFA5972EAFA57" box="[1088,1172,1414,1439]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
from each other, forming distinct horizontal lines on both sides of lamina, higher order venation reticulations distinct; domatia present, tufts of hairs in secondary vein axils; petiole
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A316DFA1174FCFA2F" box="[550,642,1486,1511]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">27 mm</quantity>
long, sulcate, hairy.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A3023FA117580FA2F" box="[872,1022,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Inflorescence</emphasis>
fascicles with the leaves bearing them fugaceous so that fascicles are arranged in racemes or panicles with racemes to ca.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A3764FA2D7218F9C3" box="[1071,1126,1522,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
long at young fruiting stage, raceme rachis ca.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A3219F9C977D6F9E7" box="[338,424,1558,1583]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
wide at base.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A3103F9C974DAF9E7" box="[584,676,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Flowers</emphasis>
pedicellate with a hypanthium ca.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A3766F9C972FDF9E7" box="[1069,1155,1558,1583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
wide, bisexual, 5-merous, perigynous; sepal lobes triangular, adaxially keeled with an apical protuberance; petals present, clawed, hairy abaxially, obcordate, each enclosing a stamen before anthesis; androecium apostemonous, anthers 5, dorsifixed, introrse; disk subpentagonal, filling the hypanthium, fleshy, glabrous, yellow; ovary hairy, half-immersed in disk, locules 2; style 2-fid.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A3387F9797778F977" box="[204,262,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Fruit</emphasis>
densely hairy when young, apex with style remains persistent, divergent and recurved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5AA6505FFA6791B33F6F9157531FC70" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA6791A33F6F91572EAF92B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1162,2051]" box="[189,1172,1738,1763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A33F6F915770BF92B" bold="true" box="[189,373,1738,1763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Distribution:—</emphasis>
New
<collectingCountry id="F5A7761EFFA6791A32FAF915747CF92B" box="[433,514,1738,1763]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Guinea</collectingCountry>
(Central, Oro and Southern Highlands Provinces) (
<figureCitation id="158B2A0BFFA6791A3709F91572F9F92B" box="[1090,1159,1738,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,857,878]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,214,833]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,833]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution of Ventilago crenata (●)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13698843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13698843/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA6791A33F6F93176DBF8E3" blockId="2.[136,1452,1162,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A33F6F9317740F8CF" bold="true" box="[189,318,1774,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Habitat:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3DD83CD3FFA6791A3275F931736EF8CF" box="[318,1296,1774,1799]" country="Guinea-Bissau" location="Central Range" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" specimenCount="1">
New
<collectingCountry id="F5A7761EFFA6791A3230F93177B2F8CF" box="[379,460,1774,1799]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Guinea</collectingCountry>
<location id="886F6055FFA6791A3298F931740BF8CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918:886F6055FFA6791A3298F931740BF8CF" box="[467,629,1774,1799]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Central Range" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Central Range</location>
montane rain forests and south-eastern Papuan rain forests
</materialsCitation>
; elev.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A361CF93176DFF8E3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="415.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="30.0">30800 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA6791A33F6F8E97439F7CB" blockId="2.[136,1452,1162,2051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A33F6F8E977AEF887" bold="true" box="[189,464,1846,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
Near Threatened (NT). Given that only three localities are known for the taxon, it meets the AOO requirements under criterion B for threatened. Also, based on the data available, the taxons distribution is severely fragmented. However, its EOO is greater than
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA6791A31B8F8A17515F85F" box="[755,875,1918,1943]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" unit="km" value="29000.0">29,000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7AC59BC6FFA6791A3020F8A3750DF842" attach="left" box="[875,883,1916,1930]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">2</superScript>
, and a relatively stable conservation status of New Guinean rain forests (
<bibRefCitation id="E9214B7FFFA6791A3237F87D7448F873" author="Morrison, J." box="[380,566,1954,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" refId="ref7735" refString="Morrison, J. (2001 a) Central Range Montane Rain Forests. World Wildlife Fund. Available from: http: // www. worldwildlife. org / ecoregions / aa 0105 (accessed 20 April 2016)" type="url" year="2001">Morrison 2001a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E9214B7FFFA6791A3109F87D74F7F873" author="Morrison, J." box="[578,649,1954,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="173" refId="ref7775" refString="Morrison, J. (2001 b) Southeastern Papuan Rain Forests. World Wildlife Fund. Available from: http: // www. worldwildlife. org / ecoregions / aa 0120 (accessed 20 April 2016)" type="url" year="2001">2001b</bibRefCitation>
) suggests that the population may not be declining.
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA6791A3792F87D7306F873" box="[1241,1400,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="173">Schodde 2418</emphasis>
was collected within Lake Kutubu Wildlife Management Area (IUCN Category not reported). The other two collection localities are not within protected areas.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D9CF6606FFA7791B33C3FC867415FCA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13698843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13698843" box="[136,619,856,878]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13698843/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" startId="3.[136,229,857,878]" targetBox="[151,1436,214,833]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA7791B33C3FC867415FCA6" blockId="3.[136,619,856,878]" box="[136,619,856,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B33C3FC867680FCA6" bold="true" box="[136,254,857,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B32DCFC86743EFCA6" authorityName="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2017" box="[407,576,857,878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B32DCFC86743EFCA6" box="[407,576,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Ventilago crenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(●).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA7791B33F6FC407531FC70" blockId="3.[136,1452,927,1744]" box="[189,847,927,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B33F6FC407721FC70" bold="true" box="[189,351,927,952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Collected in flower from August to October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5AA6505FFA7791B33F6FC1C75B6FC14" box="[189,968,963,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA7791B33F6FC1C75B6FC14" blockId="3.[136,1452,927,1744]" box="[189,968,963,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B33F6FC1C771AFC14" bold="true" box="[189,356,963,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the leafs crenate margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5AA6505FFA7791B33F6FC387685F918" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA7791B33F6FC38768AFB10" blockId="3.[136,1452,927,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B33F6FC38771EFBC8" bold="true" box="[189,352,999,1024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Discussion:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B322AFC38745BFBC8" authorityName="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2017" box="[353,549,999,1024]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B322AFC38745BFBC8" box="[353,549,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Ventilago crenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognised by its irregularly crenate leaf margin, 46 pairs of abaxially elevated secondary veins, tufts of hairs in secondary vein axils,
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B31ACFBD4753DFBEC" box="[743,835,1035,1060]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">27 mm</quantity>
long petiole and glabrous nectary disks. The only other taxa of
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3396FBF07739FB80" authorityName="Gaertner" authorityYear="1788" box="[221,327,1071,1096]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3396FBF07739FB80" box="[221,327,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Ventilago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in New
<collectingCountry id="F5A7761EFFA7791B32BBFBF0743FFB80" box="[496,577,1071,1096]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Guinea</collectingCountry>
are
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3139FBF0756EFB80" box="[626,784,1071,1096]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3139FBF0756EFB80" box="[626,784,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. microcarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3005FBF075B2FB80" authorityName="Merrill &amp; Perry" authorityYear="1941" box="[846,972,1071,1096]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3005FBF075B2FB80" box="[846,972,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. papuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which have entire leaf margins, 68 pairs of secondary veins that are almost flat abaxially, no domatia at secondary vein axils, a
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B3703FB8C72CCFBA4" box="[1096,1202,1107,1132]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="5.0">513 mm</quantity>
long petiole and hairy nectary disks.
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3265FBA8745AFB58" box="[302,548,1143,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3265FBA8745AFB58" box="[302,548,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Ventilago microcarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3114FBA874A1FB58" authorityName="Merrill &amp; Perry" authorityYear="1941" box="[607,735,1143,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3114FBA874A1FB58" box="[607,735,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. papuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognised on the leaf size with
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B37FDFBA87328FB58" box="[1206,1366,1143,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B37FDFBA87328FB58" box="[1206,1366,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. microcarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having leaves to
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B33B9FB447757FB7C" box="[242,297,1179,1204]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
long on petioles up to
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B3161FB447415FB7C" box="[554,619,1179,1204]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, with
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B31A0FB447516FB7C" authorityName="Merrill &amp; Perry" authorityYear="1941" box="[747,872,1179,1204]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B31A0FB447516FB7C" box="[747,872,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. papuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having leaves to
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B3767FB44720FFB7C" box="[1068,1137,1179,1204]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
long on longer petioles
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B36C9FB4476CAFB10" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">69 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA7791B33F6FB3C7415FA44" blockId="3.[136,1452,927,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
The specimen collected at a low elevation (ca.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B3182FB3C757DFB34" box="[713,771,1251,1276]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
) on alluvium near the Mori River (
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B37C6FB3C736BFB34" box="[1165,1301,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Pullen 8188</emphasis>
) differs from the
<typeStatus id="520B882CFFA7791B33F8FAD8769DFAE8" box="[179,227,1287,1312]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
specimen and
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B32C4FAD87451FAE8" box="[399,559,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Schodde 2418</emphasis>
collected at
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B3189FAD8753DFAE8" box="[706,835,1287,1312]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="725.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="650.0">650800 m</quantity>
in its narrower leaves with almost entire leaf margins and long and much-branched panicles. However, its morphology is clearly more similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3798FAF4733AFA8C" authorityName="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2017" box="[1235,1348,1323,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3798FAF4733AFA8C" box="[1235,1348,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. crenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than it is to that of
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B33BCFA9077EBFAA0" box="[247,405,1359,1384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B33BCFA9077EBFAA0" box="[247,405,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. microcarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3286FA90742DFAA0" box="[461,595,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3286FA907431FAA0" authorityName="Merrill &amp; Perry" authorityYear="1941" box="[461,591,1359,1384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana">V. papuana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in particular this specimen has 46 pairs of elevated secondary veins, short petioles and glabrous yellow nectary disks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA7791B33F6FA48737EF988" blockId="3.[136,1452,927,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
Of the specimens currently available for study, winged fruits can be observed only on
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B373FFA487282FA78" box="[1140,1276,1431,1456]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Pullen 5672</emphasis>
. However, they are at an early development stage, and the characteristic
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3040FA64750BFA1C" authorityName="Gaertner" authorityYear="1788" box="[779,885,1467,1492]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3040FA64750BFA1C" box="[779,885,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Ventilago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
globose seed chamber in the fruits lower portion could not be observed with the material available for study. If mature fruits bear an inconspicuous, flat and elongated seed chamber,
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3265F9DC77E0F9D4" authorityName="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2017" box="[302,414,1539,1564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3265F9DC77E0F9D4" box="[302,414,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. crenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would in fact be a member of
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B31BFF9DC7524F9D4" box="[756,858,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B31BFF9DC7529F9D4" authorityName="Seemann" authorityYear="1862" box="[756,855,1539,1564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Smythea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Smythea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
However, the presence of flower fascicles in leafless racemes and the absence of papillae on nectary disks suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B3021F9F875A4F988" authorityName="Cahen &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2017" box="[874,986,1575,1600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenata">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3021F9F875A4F988" box="[874,986,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">V. crenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of
<taxonomicName id="4AB04D0DFFA7791B37C4F9F87287F988" authorityName="Gaertner" authorityYear="1788" box="[1167,1273,1575,1600]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ventilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B37C4F9F87287F988" box="[1167,1273,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Ventilago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D0F368EFFA7791B33F6F9947685F918" blockId="3.[136,1452,927,1744]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B33F6F994741AF9AC" bold="true" box="[189,612,1611,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Additional specimens examined:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3DD83CD3FFA7791B312FF994753FF964" collectingDate="1969-09-01" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="30" latitude="10.066667" location="Lake Kutubu" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="148.53334" municipality="Mori River" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Central">
<collectingCountry id="F5A7761EFFA7791B312FF9947501F9AC" box="[612,895,1611,1636]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">PAPUA NEW GUINEA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="4F74F86CFFA7791B30C6F994722CF9AC" box="[909,1106,1611,1636]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Central" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Central Province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6D6BACF4FFA7791B372BF994729CF9AC" box="[1120,1250,1611,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Mori River</collectingMunicipality>
, c.
<locationDeviation id="9CBD2FACFFA7791B3644F994775FF940" location="Cape Rodney" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B3644F9947324F9AC" box="[1295,1370,1611,1636]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
NE of Cape Rodney
</locationDeviation>
, rain-forest on alluvium,
<geoCoordinate id="E8845049FFA7791B310BF9B074D8F940" box="[576,678,1647,1672]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" precision="925" value="10.066667">10°04 N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E8845049FFA7791B31E5F9B0755FF940" box="[686,801,1647,1672]" degrees="148" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" precision="925" value="148.53334">148°32 E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B301DF9B075EFF940" box="[854,913,1647,1672]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation id="069DD1BDFFA7791B301DF9B075EFF940" box="[854,913,1647,1672]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="F90E104EFFA7791B30D5F9B07210F940" box="[926,1134,1647,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" value="1969-09-01">
<collectingDate id="E94AE9A6FFA7791B30D5F9B07210F940" box="[926,1134,1647,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" value="1969-09-01">1 September 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3731F9B0737DF940" box="[1146,1283,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Pullen 8188</emphasis>
(L!).
<collectingRegion id="4F74F86CFFA7791B360DF9B07715F964" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Southern Highlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Southern Highlands Province</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="886F6055FFA7791B323DF94C7473F964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05198798FFA6791B33C3FC4F7685F918:886F6055FFA7791B323DF94C7473F964" box="[374,525,1683,1708]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="10.066667" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="148.53334" municipality="Mori River" name="Lake Kutubu" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" stateProvince="Central">Lake Kutubu</location>
, near Moro, primary forest
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3DD83CD3FFA7791B3006F94C7689F918" collectingDate="1961-10-06" collectionCode="GH" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="823" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="1">
ca.
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B303FF94C75A0F964" box="[884,990,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2296" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="ft" value="2700.0">
<elevation id="069DD1BDFFA7791B303FF94C75A0F964" box="[884,990,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2296" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="ft" value="2700.0">2700 feet</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4A489B6BFFA7791B30A7F94C7245F964" box="[1004,1083,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="069DD1BDFFA7791B30A7F94C7245F964" box="[1004,1083,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
],
<date id="F90E104EFFA7791B3704F94C737EF964" box="[1103,1280,1683,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" value="1961-10-06">
<collectingDate id="E94AE9A6FFA7791B3704F94C737EF964" box="[1103,1280,1683,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" value="1961-10-06">6 October 1961</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="BFC4EA9CFFA7791B3646F94C73D5F964" box="[1293,1451,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Schodde 2418</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="EBA1AE4BFFA7791B33DAF96876BCF918" box="[145,194,1719,1744]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15631" name="Harvard University - Gray Herbarium" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="Herbarium">GH</collectionCode>
!, L!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>