355 lines
58 KiB
XML
355 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="592A48E4095F36A99B490B0E4B650E50">Staurophora brantii, a new diatom (Bacillariophyta, Anomoeoneidaceae) from the northwestern Great Plains, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="35C9D32303AE288419A6B376010C1F4D">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D9C5D14A7A875D82138E671DB8F51FE5">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9C7E87B9FFFCDA0FFF08F61A3514FE14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894716" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182651481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4894716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C7E87B9FFFCDA0FFF08F61A3514FE14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C7E87B9FFFCDA0FFF08F61A3514FE14" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="5CCD6524FFFCDA0AFF08F61A352AFBFC" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="146836AFFFFCDA0AFF08F61A345CFCDB" blockId="1.[151,866,779,808]" box="[151,866,779,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="4F2081C3FFFCDA0AFF08F61A345CFCDB" bold="true" box="[151,866,779,808]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFF08F61A345CFCDB" bold="true" box="[151,866,779,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFF08F61A36CDFCDB" authority="Bahls" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,499,779,808]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFF08F61A36A2FCD4" bold="true" box="[151,412,779,807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
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Bahls
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D9057C6FFFCDA0AFD9EF61A355AFCDB" box="[513,612,779,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFD9EF61A3562FCD4" bold="true" box="[513,604,779,807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFDEAF61A35C6FCDB" box="[629,760,779,808]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 1–10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFC98F61A3467FCDB" box="[775,857,779,808]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 18–25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26-27" captionStartId-0="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,272,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox-0="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetBox-1="[314,1270,542,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetId-1="figure-199@4.[314,1273,542,1899]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." captionText-1="FIGURES 26-27: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, internal. Fig. 26: Closeup of valve end showing thickening of valve margin at the apex and terminal raphe fissure ending in an helictoglossa. Fig. 27: Closeup of valve center showing proximal raphe endings bent in the same direction. Scale bars: Fig. 26: 2 µm; Fig. 27: 3 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894718" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4894718/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">18–27</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="146836AFFFFCDA0AFF08F649352AFBFC" blockId="1.[151,1436,856,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFF08F649352AFBFC" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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Cellulae solitariae. Unus lobus chloroplastus locatus juxta cingulum. Valvae ellipticae-lanceolatae usque rhombicaelanceolatae, apices latus rotundi usque leviter rostrati; superficies valvarum leviter curvus vel pallium. Longitudo valvae
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, latitudo valvae
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<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFDDBF6893594FC5C" box="[580,682,920,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 µm</quantity>
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. Rhaphis directa, filiformis; extremas proximales rhaphis inflatus et leviter curvae; extremas distales rhaphis fortiter curvae. Area axiale angusta linearae, leviter latus prope area centralis; area centralis latus fascia, interdum nonnullus marginum striae brevis. Striae radiantes et subtiliter punctata, (14)
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<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFEFBF6E936FDFBFC" box="[356,451,1016,1039]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18–24 in</quantity>
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<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFE56F6E9352EFBFC" box="[457,528,1016,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="5CCD6524FFFCDA0AFF08F1503389F908" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFF08F15037CCFBAA" bold="true" box="[151,242,1089,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Type:—</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="A4BF3CF2FFFCDA0AFF6DF1503411FB88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128909304" country="United States of America" county="Powder River County" latitude="45.67889" location="East Powderville Road Bridge" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-105.12195" municipality="Crow Creek" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">
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<collectingCountry id="6CC0763FFFFCDA0AFF6DF1503615FBAB" box="[242,299,1089,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFFCDA0AFEA9F15036A7FBAB" box="[310,409,1089,1112]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Montana</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="F40CACD5FFFCDA0AFE3BF1503519FBAB" box="[420,551,1089,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Crow Creek</collectingMunicipality>
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above
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<location id="11086074FFFCDA0AFDE8F15034FFFBAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C7E87B9FFFCDA0FFF08F61A3514FE14:11086074FFFCDA0AFDE8F15034FFFBAB" box="[631,961,1089,1112]" country="United States of America" county="Powder River County" latitude="45.67889" longLatPrecision="18" longitude="-105.12195" municipality="Crow Creek" name="East Powderville Road Bridge" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Montana">East Powderville Road Bridge</location>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="FD094E23FFFCDA0AFC52F1503387FBAB" box="[973,1209,1089,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Powder River County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="71E35068FFFCDA0AFB59F150325EFBAB" box="[1222,1376,1087,1112]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" precision="15" seconds="44" value="45.67889">
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45
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<superScript id="E3A29BE7FFFCDA0AFB7EF12E33D6FBB8" attach="left" box="[1249,1256,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">o</superScript>
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40’ 44” N
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="71E35068FFFCDA0AFAF2F150367EFB88" degrees="105" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-105.12195">
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105
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<superScript id="E3A29BE7FFFCDA0AFA0BF12E32A5FBB8" attach="none" box="[1428,1435,1087,1099]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">o</superScript>
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07’ 19” W
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</geoCoordinate>
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. Sample collected from surface sediment by
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<materialsCitation id="A4BF3CF2FFFCDA0AFCA5F1753211FB88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128909303" box="[826,1327,1122,1147]" collectingDate="2007-08-01" country="United States of America" location="Montana" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">
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<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFFCDA0AFCA5F17534A7FB88" box="[826,921,1124,1147]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Montana</collectingRegion>
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DEQ personnel on
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<date id="6069106FFFFCDA0AFBE2F1753211FB88" box="[1149,1327,1122,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" value="2007-08-01">
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<collectingDate id="702DE987FFFCDA0AFBE2F1753211FB88" box="[1149,1327,1122,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" value="2007-08-01">
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1
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<superScript id="E3A29BE7FFFCDA0AFB15F17333AAFB9D" attach="left" box="[1162,1172,1122,1134]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">st</superScript>
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August 2007
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="A4BF3CF2FFFCDA0AFAA2F1753350FB48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128909302" collectionCode="ANSP" country="United States of America" location="Diatom Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="GC64897, GC64898, MDC 32-60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFFCDA0AFAA2F17532A2FB88" box="[1341,1436,1124,1147]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Montana</collectingRegion>
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<location id="11086074FFFCDA0AFF58F19536B1FB68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C7E87B9FFFCDA0FFF08F61A3514FE14:11086074FFFCDA0AFF58F19536B1FB68" box="[199,399,1156,1179]" country="United States of America" name="Diatom Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Montana">Diatom Collection</location>
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sample number 411202 (
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<typeStatus id="CB6C880DFFFCDA0AFD37F1953439FB68" box="[680,775,1156,1179]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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slide
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<collectionCode id="72C6AE6AFFFCDA0AFCD2F19534AFFB68" box="[845,913,1156,1179]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">ANSP</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="44719ED4FFFCDA0AFC04F195333BFB68" box="[923,1029,1156,1179]" collectionCode="GC" country="0" name="Goucher College" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">GC64897</specimenCode>
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, circled specimen on slide [=
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<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFAD5F19532B0FB68" box="[1354,1422,1156,1179]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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||
], isotypes: circled specimens on slides
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<collectionCode id="72C6AE6AFFFCDA0AFDC9F1B535A4FB48" box="[598,666,1188,1211]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">ANSP</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="44719ED4FFFCDA0AFD3EF1B53435FB48" box="[673,779,1188,1211]" collectionCode="GC" country="0" name="Goucher College" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">GC64898</specimenCode>
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,
|
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<specimenCode id="44719ED4FFFCDA0AFC89F1B534A5FB48" box="[790,923,1188,1211]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">MDC 32–60</specimenCode>
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||
and MDC 116–59)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFFCDA0AFF08F1FB3389F908" blockId="1.[151,1437,1258,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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||
Cells solitary, lying mostly in valve view, within a laminated mucilage capsule (
|
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<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFBA8F1FB3342FAF7" box="[1079,1148,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). One lobed plastid with a large lenticular pyrenoid positioned against the girdle opposite the nucleus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFBCBF00033F5FAD8" box="[1108,1227,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valves ellipticlanceolate to rhombic-lanceolate, apices broadly rounded and somewhat protracted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFB13F0293237FAA1" box="[1164,1289,1336,1362]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 5–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valve face curved in transapical section, merging gradually into the mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFC0CF04F3322FA8B" box="[915,1052,1374,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–25" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 19, 20</figureCitation>
|
||
), mantle shallower near the ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFF3FF09437C5FA6C" box="[160,251,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–25" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valve length
|
||
<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFE2EF094350EFA6C" box="[433,560,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="38.0">38–48 µm</quantity>
|
||
; valve width
|
||
<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFD4BF094347AFA6C" box="[724,836,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Raphe sternum narrow, somewhat thickened and slightly elevated at the central nodule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFDFCF0BD3583FA35" box="[611,701,1452,1478]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–25" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Overlapping girdle elements bear longitudinal rows of small round poroids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFED3F0C3369AFA1F" box="[332,420,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–25" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Raphe straight, filiform. External proximal raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFE3BF0E8350EF9E0" box="[420,560,1529,1555]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–25" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 24, 25</figureCitation>
|
||
); terminal fissures strongly curved, opening toward the secondary side of the valve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFE8EF3313657F9C9" box="[273,361,1568,1594]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–25" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal proximal raphe endings bent in the same direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFBA5F33133ACF9C9" box="[1082,1170,1568,1594]" captionStart="FIGURES 26-27" captionStartId="4.[151,272,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[314,1270,542,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-199@4.[314,1273,542,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 26-27: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, internal. Fig. 26: Closeup of valve end showing thickening of valve margin at the apex and terminal raphe fissure ending in an helictoglossa. Fig. 27: Closeup of valve center showing proximal raphe endings bent in the same direction. Scale bars: Fig. 26: 2 µm; Fig. 27: 3 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894718/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
); terminal fissures end in helictoglossae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFEEFF35736F5F993" box="[368,459,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURES 26-27" captionStartId="4.[151,272,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[314,1270,542,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-199@4.[314,1273,542,1899]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 26-27: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, internal. Fig. 26: Closeup of valve end showing thickening of valve margin at the apex and terminal raphe fissure ending in an helictoglossa. Fig. 27: Closeup of valve center showing proximal raphe endings bent in the same direction. Scale bars: Fig. 26: 2 µm; Fig. 27: 3 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894718/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Axial area narrow, linear, widening slightly near the central area. Central area a transverse fascia, wider toward the margins and with a few shortened striae on one or both sides. Only the ends of the longest of these short striae are visible in valve view, making them appear to be more widely spaced than other striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFE5CF3AB3523F927" box="[451,541,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–25" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" captionTargetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" captionTargetId="figure-259@3.[310,1277,159,1440]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18–25: Staurophora brantii from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Striae radiate and uniseriate,
|
||
<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFC0FF3AB34C4F927" box="[912,1018,1722,1748]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18–24 in</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFB9DF3AB336EF927" box="[1026,1104,1722,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFBFDF3AB339EF927" box="[1122,1184,1722,1748]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="D32F9B4AFFFCDA0AFB37F3AB33C7F927" box="[1192,1273,1722,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
|
||
, initial valve,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFCDA0AFF08F3F037D2F908" box="[151,236,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), but more concentrated toward the poles. Striae composed of small round areolae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CCD6524FFFCDA0FFF59F2163514FE14" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFFCDA0AFF59F2163222F8D1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1258,2019]" box="[198,1308,1799,1826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFF59F216364AF8D2" bold="true" box="[198,372,1799,1825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon is named in honour of Dr. Lynn A. Brant of Cedar Falls,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFFCDA0AFB0FF21933F3F8D1" box="[1168,1229,1800,1826]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CC0763FFFFCDA0AFB45F2193226F8D1" box="[1242,1304,1800,1826]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFFCDA09FF59F23F3377FED5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1258,2019]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,294]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFF59F23F36ADF8BB" bold="true" box="[198,403,1838,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Observations:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFE0CF23E3543F8BB" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[403,637,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFE0CF23E3543F8BB" box="[403,637,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be compared to similar species that have a transverse fascia and a preference for waters with elevated electrolytes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFD79F24433C0F89C" authority="(W. Greg.) D. G. Mann" authorityName="D. G. Mann" baseAuthorityName="W. Greg." box="[742,1278,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphioxys">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFD79F24434C3F89D" box="[742,1021,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Staurophora amphioxys</emphasis>
|
||
(W.Greg.) D.G.Mann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFA95F244364EF865" authority="Cocquyt" authorityName="Cocquyt" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caljonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFA95F24437C6F866" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Staurophora caljonii</emphasis>
|
||
Cocquyt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFEE0F26D3466F865" authority="(Hust.) D. G. Mann" authorityName="D. G. Mann" baseAuthorityName="Hust." box="[383,856,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elata">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFEE0F26D355BF866" box="[383,613,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Staurophora elata</emphasis>
|
||
(Hust.) D.G.Mann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFCF8F26D325EF865" authority="(W. Sm.) Mereschk." authorityName="Mereschk." baseAuthorityName="W. Sm." box="[871,1376,1916,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salina">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFCF8F26D3365F866" box="[871,1115,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Staurophora salina</emphasis>
|
||
(W.Sm.) Mereschk.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFF08F2B234A5F84F" authority="(Poretzky & Anisimova) D. G. Mann" authorityName="D. G. Mann" baseAuthorityName="Poretzky & Anisimova" box="[151,923,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wislouchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFF08F2B236FCF84F" box="[151,450,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Staurophora wislouchii</emphasis>
|
||
(Poretzky & Anisimova) D.G.Mann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFC35F2B23238F84F" authority="Hust." authorityName="Hust." box="[938,1286,1954,1980]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="atacamae">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFC35F2B2338BF84F" box="[938,1205,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Stauroneis atacamae</emphasis>
|
||
Hust.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFA89F2B23660F810" authority="Hust." authorityName="Hust." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="dubitabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFA89F2B2362AF811" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Stauroneis dubitabilis</emphasis>
|
||
Hust.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFEF5F2D8358CF810" authority="Hust." authorityName="Hust." box="[362,690,1993,2019]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="submarina">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFEF5F2D83555F811" box="[362,619,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Stauroneis submarina</emphasis>
|
||
Hust.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFCDA0AFD73F2D832A2F810" authority="(Hust.) Krammer & Lange-Bert. Several" authorityName="Krammer & Lange-Bert. Several" baseAuthorityName="Hust." box="[748,1436,1993,2019]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tackei">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFCDA0AFD73F2D83488F811" box="[748,950,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Stauroneis tackei</emphasis>
|
||
(Hust.) Krammer & Lange-Bert. Several
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of these were originally placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FD3CF5893420FF42" box="[675,798,152,177]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FD3CF5893420FF42" box="[675,798,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Stauroneis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FB90F58933B4FF42" box="[1039,1162,152,177]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FB90F58933B4FF42" box="[1039,1162,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Stauroneis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D9057C6FFFFDA09FB0DF589321BFF41" box="[1170,1317,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is limited to species occurring in freshwater habitats only (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70464B5EFFFFDA09FD4DF5AF3499FF2B" author="Round, F. & Crawford, R. & Mann, D." box="[722,935,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refId="ref3570" refString="Round, F., Crawford, R. & Mann, D. (1990) The Diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp." type="book" year="1990">
|
||
Round
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FCB6F5AE345BFF2B" box="[809,869,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).Other brackish to marine taxa considered for comparison were dismissed because they have radically different valve outlines, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FA88F5F4365FFED5" authority="Cleve" authorityName="Cleve" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="desiderata">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FA88F5F4362DFED6" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Stauroneis desiderata</emphasis>
|
||
Cleve
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FEF2F41D35DEFED5" authority="Cleve" authorityName="Cleve" box="[365,736,268,294]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pachycephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FEF2F41D35ACFED6" box="[365,658,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Stauroneis pachycephala</emphasis>
|
||
Cleve
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FC81F41D3377FED5" authority="Hendey." authorityName="Hendey." box="[798,1097,268,294]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rossii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FC81F41D34DFFED6" box="[798,993,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Stauroneis rossii</emphasis>
|
||
Hendey.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="40A86627FFFFDA09FF08F24C33E5F807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" startId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" targetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFFFDA09FF08F24C33E5F807" blockId="2.[151,1436,1885,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FF08F24C365EF886" bold="true" box="[151,352,1885,1909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 1–17:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FEF6F24C356FF887" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[361,593,1885,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FEF6F24C356FF887" box="[361,593,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FF08F26C3653F867" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,365,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FF08F26C3653F867" box="[151,365,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FB17F2AC3263F827" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Bahls" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1160,1373,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tackei">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FB17F2AC3263F827" box="[1160,1373,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Staurophora tackei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from various populations. Figs 15–17:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFFDA09FE64F2CC35CAF807" box="[507,756,2013,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wislouchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFFDA09FE64F2CC35CAF807" box="[507,756,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Staurophora wislouchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="40A86627FFFEDA08FF08F0A433B4F95F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4894712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894712/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" startId="3.[151,272,1461,1485]" targetBox="[310,1274,159,1440]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFFEDA08FF08F0A433B4F95F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1461,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FF08F0A43663FA3E" bold="true" box="[151,349,1461,1485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURES 18–25</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFEDA08FEF3F0A73577FA3E" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[364,585,1462,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FEF3F0A73577FA3E" box="[364,585,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality, SEM, external. Fig. 18: Frustule with valves slightly displaced. Fig. 19: Oblique view of valve surface showing gradual transition between valve face and mantle. Fig. 20: Closeup of valve center from Fig. 19 showing short marginal striae in central area and slightly raised raphe sternum. Fig. 21: Closeup of valve end from Fig. 18 showing crowded terminal striae and terminal raphe fissure disappearing over the rounded pole. Fig. 22: Oblique view of valve end showing terminal raphe fissure curved back toward the near (secondary) side. Fig. 23: Side view of valve end showing multiple overlapping girdle elements with longitudinal rows of poroids. Figs 24, 25: Closeup of central raphe endings bordered by lips and lying in spathulate grooves. Scale bars: Figs 18, 19: 5 µm; Fig. 20: 2 µm; Fig. 21: 1 µm; Figs 22, 23: 2 µm; Fig. 24: 1 µm; Fig. 25: 500 nm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFFEDA08FF59F21233B1F899" blockId="3.[151,1436,1795,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFEDA08FF59F212368AF8EF" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[198,436,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FF59F212368AF8EF" box="[198,436,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from most of those listed above by its size, valve and end shape, striae count, and habitat. Although similar in most of these features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFEDA08FB8EF23B3266F8B7" authority="Hust." authorityName="Hust." box="[1041,1368,1834,1860]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="submarina">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FB8EF23B322FF8B0" box="[1041,1297,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Stauroneis submarina</emphasis>
|
||
Hust.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a narrow linear central area, unlike the broad deltoid central area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFEDA08FC00F24033B6F899" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[927,1160,1873,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FC00F24033B6F899" box="[927,1160,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFFEDA08FF59F2663220F82D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1795,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFEDA08FF59F266368CF863" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[198,434,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FF59F266368CF863" box="[198,434,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlaps in distribution and shares some habitats on the Northwestern Great Plains with two closely allied taxa:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFEDA08FE73F28F358BF844" box="[492,693,1950,1975]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tackei">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FE73F28F358BF844" box="[492,693,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Stauroneis tackei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much smaller and has linear-lanceolate valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFEDA08FA99F28F32B0F84B" box="[1286,1422,1950,1976]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 11–14</figureCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFFEDA08FF40F2D436CEF82D" box="[223,496,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wislouchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFFEDA08FF40F2D436CEF82D" box="[223,496,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Staurophora wislouchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has broadly elliptical valves with short protracted ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CEC2A2AFFFEDA08FB17F2D5322FF82D" box="[1160,1297,1988,2014]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–17" captionStartId="2.[151,276,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,345,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-155@2.[289,1298,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–17: Staurophora brantii and allied species from the Northwestern Great Plains, LM. Figs 1–10: Staurophora brantii. Figs 1, 2: Uncleaned specimens from the type locality showing the single lobed plastid, mucilage capsule (m), nucleus (n), and large lenticular pyrenoid (p). Fig. 3: Holotype specimen. Fig. 4: Girdle view from holotype slide. Figs 5–10: Specimens from various populations. Fig. 10: Initial valve. Figs 11–14: Staurophora tackei from various populations. Figs 15–17: Staurophora wislouchii from various populations. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 15–17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="146836AFFFF9DA0FFF59F5863514FE14" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFF9DA0FFF59F5863598FF42" bold="true" box="[198,678,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Habitat, Ecology and Distribution:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFF9DA0FFD39F58934AAFF42" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[678,916,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFF9DA0FFD39F58934AAFF42" box="[678,916,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives on fine sediments in streams of the Northwestern Great Plains. Most streams in this ecoregion are ephemeral or intermittent, typically consisting of a series of interconnected pools with bottoms composed of fine silt and decomposing organic matter. Records of this taxon in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFF9DA0FFE71F41D3566FED5" box="[494,600,268,294]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
Diatom Database are distributed by state as follows:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFF9DA0FFB7DF41D3272FED5" box="[1250,1356,268,294]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(118),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFF9DA0FFF08F4233608FEBF" box="[151,310,306,332]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFF9DA0FFEF1F4233531FEBF" box="[366,527,306,332]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
(10), and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D613F84DFFF9DA0FFD19F42335C7FEBF" box="[646,761,306,332]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
(20). Abundance-weighted mean values for water quality variables in streams where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFF9DA0FFE74F44835DCFE81" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[491,738,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFF9DA0FFE74F44835DCFE81" box="[491,738,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs suggest that it prefers fresh alkaline waters with somewhat elevated concentrations of electrolytes, particularly sodium and sulfate. The most frequently cooccurring associates of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D74D2CFFF9DA0FFE4DF4B635E6FE33" authorityName="Bahls" authorityYear="2012" box="[466,728,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Staurophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brantii">
|
||
<emphasis id="26A3EABDFFF9DA0FFE4DF4B635E6FE33" box="[466,728,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Staurophora brantii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are largely mobile, epipelic taxa that prefer elevated concentrations of dissolved solids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |