243 lines
32 KiB
XML
243 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="68BDA897C16D288CE1B87BDA35822FA5" ID-CLB-Dataset="8129" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a229f6a-0033-4a8b-9bd0-c1b288f9d8bf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4534030" ID-ZooBank="5C71C163-2D78-46D8-88C3-281E05C87186" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613036716279" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Singh, Navneet, Ahmad, Jalil, Chandra, Kailash & Solovyev, Alexey V." docDate="2021" docId="9C4A87D83B5DFF8BFF38BF85C5DD07C0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4927.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4927 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thosea Walker 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="6073FFA03B5EFF8FFFAFBB68C4120649" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Thespea Solovyev and four newly recorded species of Limacodidae from India (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1698929133033" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="AD124047B8E6DCE573D252DC080670C0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C99521FA5D78E71AAA1F120A6368BEDE">
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<mods:title id="175263D60A62BCA257D43D51546DF940">A new species of the genus Thespea Solovyev and four newly recorded species of Limacodidae from India (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="33AE61C0C074BAE7F1DF7EEBB92E3BCD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="72B166881E8B7E9B736C60F159101A9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1BBBAB8FA5E8F765F3E7EAB164B04921">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B571960E8EB0D6903E183165143CCB80">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B00B26420D9EB53C60EFEF2034614E2A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F538F282776474C9A64EC71EB8D486E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1850423DF8243276BC0D64F734F78F01">Ahmad, Jalil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ABC2186628AC95C741747A22659DEDA6" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7719-864X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0AFF11C0019790FA2D9929000BE77220">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India. & jalilahmad 23046 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7719 - 864 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="318396630D8E8A600A50121201B17EBF" type="email">jalilahmad23046@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8EE22582D658873BB9CA117AAF9612E3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2E66AA3501F9CEFA0BA65095A2B114B3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EAB567F8347A2870988E2484C6444329">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2D6263EA0434B2CF56D2ACD452CCDD62">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="295C0E0F6FB904847DABA7967937F876" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9076-5442</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="969954124DB5AA3E98077A9B2E32B133">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India. & kailash 611 @ rediffmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9076 - 5442</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B47B354C205D58AF1B1703AB3ED5E37F" type="email">kailash611@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="BFB866148F4E23E86FFC5BDA0519D549" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="077F37A4CDA8198FD8115D95CF5CF1BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8247868BE4B6600DB04B5AEF1C973099">Solovyev, Alexey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="318A7E649B1CD5B715E5612C7EAC44D8">Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Department of Biology and Chemistry (Ulyanovsk, Russia).</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D9939CB9BD2E413E3540EE05B7578F68">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="75C3DA234C1EDB905E36FF8FA8C0B22D">
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<mods:title id="030D462801407A95B03FEFC25F79DD99">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D95698B35EAAC0F08469615DD35EB52D">
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<mods:date id="CAA3167529FB9592A1EA9881A93F2611">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FDABB8B752D6E83D36FDF7ED930DCC68">2021-02-11</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F69E3DB2C7D6CB4FBB71389CA66DFD57" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7D7B6333265AB23BF30D38683CBE4BE1">4927</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="38AA6B47B0469281B0B4FF744C0BCD76" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="131326B6B79071D7B801CCB3C74662A7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="893EF25761CFB314F9C42234C810406F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="024C38ABE39C7221703D250D127CFC47" type="CLB-Dataset">8129</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B2CDE9BE0F291E51360FB60FA9A86181" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4927.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F37CC5FC3DA993B9E0F88E8E55D75EBB" type="GBIF-Dataset">7a229f6a-0033-4a8b-9bd0-c1b288f9d8bf</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F37C94A017BB4C36BAFFE50A401C7FC4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9C4A87D83B5DFF8BFF38BF85C5DD07C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4534048" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177424192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4534048" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4A87D83B5DFF8BFF38BF85C5DD07C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4A87D83B5DFF8BFF38BF85C5DD07C0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="5CF965453B5DFF8CFF38BF85C5E0034E" box="[151,498,1260,1287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="145C36CE3B5DFF8CFF38BF85C5E0034E" blockId="3.[151,498,1260,1287]" box="[151,498,1260,1287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<heading id="4F1481A23B5DFF8CFF38BF85C5E0034E" bold="true" box="[151,498,1260,1287]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFF38BF85C5E0034E" bold="true" box="[151,498,1260,1287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFF41BF84C5E0034E" ID-CoL="92PB4" authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[238,498,1260,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFF41BF84C554034E" bold="true" box="[238,326,1260,1287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Thosea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFEE1BF85C5E0034E" author="Walker, F." box="[334,498,1261,1287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" refId="ref6113" refString="Walker, F. (1855) s. n. In: List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 977 - 1258." type="book" year="1855">Walker, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CF965453B5DFF8CFF38BE59C5A60300" box="[151,436,1329,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="145C36CE3B5DFF8CFF38BE59C5A60300" blockId="3.[151,436,1329,1353]" box="[151,436,1329,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="34F311E03B5DFF8CFF38BE59C5A60300" box="[151,436,1329,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<treatmentCitation id="954210DF3B5DFF8CFF38BE59C5A20300" author="Walker, F." box="[151,432,1329,1353]" page="1068" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" year="1855">
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFF38BE59C5A20300" ID-CoL="92PB4" authority="Walker, 1855: 1068" authorityName="Walker, 1855:" authorityPageNumber="1068" authorityYear="1068" box="[151,432,1329,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFF38BE59C4F20300" box="[151,224,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Thosea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFF49BE59C5A20300" author="Walker, F." box="[230,432,1329,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" refId="ref6113" refString="Walker, F. (1855) s. n. In: List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 977 - 1258." type="book" year="1855">Walker, 1855: 1068</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CF965453B5DFF8CFF38BE07C02703CE" box="[151,1077,1390,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="145C36CE3B5DFF8CFF38BE07C02703CE" blockId="3.[151,1077,1390,1415]" box="[151,1077,1390,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<materialsCitation id="A48B3C933B5DFF8CFF38BE07C02303CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3038233302" box="[151,1073,1390,1415]" country="Indonesia" location="East Indies" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFF38BE07C53103CF" bold="true" box="[151,291,1390,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<typeStatus id="CB58886C3B5DFF8CFF38BE07C4DE03CE" box="[151,204,1391,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFE85BE07C67103CF" ID-CoL="56L2G" authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[298,611,1390,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifascia">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFE85BE07C5C403CE" box="[298,470,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Thosea unifascia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFE73BE07C67103CF" author="Walker, F." box="[476,611,1390,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" refId="ref6113" refString="Walker, F. (1855) s. n. In: List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 977 - 1258." type="book" year="1855">Walker, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(by monotypy) (TL:
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<location id="113C60153B5DFF8CFC93BE07C7BE03CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C4A87D83B5DFF8BFF38BF85C5DD07C0:113C60153B5DFF8CFC93BE07C7BE03CE" box="[828,940,1391,1415]" country="Indonesia" name="East Indies" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">East Indies</location>
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[
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<collectingCountry id="6CF4765E3B5DFF8CFC17BE07C03603CE" box="[952,1060,1391,1415]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CF965453B5DFF8CFF38BEDDC04C0386" box="[151,1118,1461,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="145C36CE3B5DFF8CFF38BEDDC04C0386" blockId="3.[151,1437,1461,2028]" box="[151,1118,1461,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFF38BEDDC5230386" bold="true" box="[151,305,1461,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="6CF4765E3B5DFF8CFE98BEDDC5630386" box="[311,369,1461,1487]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">India</collectingCountry>
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to New
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<collectingCountry id="6CF4765E3B5DFF8CFE7EBEDDC6300386" box="[465,546,1461,1487]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="6CF4765E3B5DFF8CFDF9BEDDC6AF0386" box="[598,701,1461,1487]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFD63BEDDC7DC0386" author="Solovyev, A. V. & Witt, T. J." box="[716,974,1461,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="33 - 229" refId="ref6083" refString="Solovyev, A. V. & Witt, T. J. (2009) The Limacodidae of Vietnam. Entomofauna, Supplement 16, 33 - 229." type="journal article" year="2009">Solovyev & Witt 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), and Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CF965453B5DFF8BFF68BEB1C5DD07C0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="145C36CE3B5DFF8CFF68BEB1C64100A6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1461,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFF68BEB1C55003BA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1497,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFE6ABEB1C60403BA" authorityName="Walker, 1855:" authorityYear="1068" box="[453,534,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFE6ABEB1C60403BA" box="[453,534,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Thosea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is defined on the basis of the following characters: i) generally brown and grey species, often with a dark discal spot on forewing, ii) forewing postmedial line, when present, more or less oblique or straight and iii) apex of fore tibia with a white spot (except in the
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFC0FBD4AC7E60072" authorityName="Heylaerts" authorityYear="1890" box="[928,1012,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFC0FBD4AC7E60072" box="[928,1012,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">T. lutea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group). In the male genitalia, the valva has a whiplash-like furca that initially loops interiorly from the sacculus before passing over the anterior surface where, in some species, it may articulate with a flap arising subcostally on the valva. This flap may be a generic feature that has been lost in Sundanian taxa (
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFD65BDE5C76F00E1" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[714,893,1677,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 166" refId="ref5282" refString="Holloway, J. D. (1986) The Moths of Borneo: Key to Families Cossidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardidae, Dugdeonidae, Epipyropidae and Limacodidae. The Malayan Nature Journal, 40, 1 - 166." type="journal article" year="1986">Holloway 1986</bibRefCitation>
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). However, according to
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFB39BDE5C18500EE" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[1174,1431,1677,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">
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Holloway
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFAA3BDE6C15600EE" box="[1292,1348,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
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(1987)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, the most definitive feature of the genus is exhibited by the oval and usually green larva, in the form of a narrow, white, pale yellow or blue dorsal stripe.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="145C36CE3B5DFF8BFF68BD91C5DD07C0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1461,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFF68BD91C587015A" bold="true" box="[199,405,1785,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
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Originally, the genus
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFD28BD91C6CA015A" authorityName="Walker, 1855:" authorityYear="1068" box="[647,728,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFD28BD91C6CA015A" box="[647,728,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Thosea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described in the family
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFBBFBD91C0B9015A" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[1040,1195,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
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, subsequently,
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFAFDBD91C4F0017E" author="Moore, F." pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="339 - 348" refId="ref5541" refString="Moore, F. (1877) Descriptions of Ceylon Lepidoptera. The annals and magazine of natural history including Zoology, Botany & Geology, 4 (20), 339 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682244" type="journal article" year="1877">Moore (1877)</bibRefCitation>
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transferred it to
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|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFE38BC75C63F017E" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[407,557,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limacodidae</taxonomicName>
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|
. For a long time, the genus remained a catchall for many species (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFB50BC75C182017E" author="Hering, M." box="[1279,1424,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="665 - 728" refId="ref5082" refString="Hering, M. (1931) Limacodidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 10. Spinner und Schwarmer des Indo- Australischen Gebiets. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 665 - 728." type="book chapter" year="1931">Hering 1931</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFF38BC29C54B0115" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[151,345,1857,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 166" refId="ref5282" refString="Holloway, J. D. (1986) The Moths of Borneo: Key to Families Cossidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardidae, Dugdeonidae, Epipyropidae and Limacodidae. The Malayan Nature Journal, 40, 1 - 166." type="journal article" year="1986">Holloway (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFE3BBC29C68B0112" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[404,665,1857,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">
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Holloway
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFDA4BC2AC62C0112" box="[523,574,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">et al</emphasis>
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|
. (1987)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
published two important works in which the authors redefined and reviewed the Asian species of
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFE49BC0DC6250136" authorityName="Walker, 1855:" authorityYear="1068" box="[486,567,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFE49BC0DC6250136" box="[486,567,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Thosea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by transferring the species which were misplaced in it, to new or other genera.
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFF38BCE1C58501EA" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[151,407,1929,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">
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Holloway
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFEA2BCE2C52C01EA" box="[269,318,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">et al</emphasis>
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|
. (1987)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
divided the genus into three groups: i) the first group, comprising the
|
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8CFB03BCE1C18E01EA" authority="Heylaerts, 1890" authorityName="Heylaerts" authorityYear="1890" box="[1196,1436,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
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<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8CFB03BCE1C0F601EA" box="[1196,1252,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">lutea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5DFF8CFB44BCE1C18E01EA" author="Heylaerts, F. J. M." box="[1259,1436,1929,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" pagination="26 - 30" refId="ref5235" refString="Heylaerts, F. J. M. (1890) Heterocera Exotica. Nouveaus Genre et Especes des Indes Orientales Neerlandaises (suite). Bulletin ou Comptes-Rendus des Seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 4 (1), 26 - 30." type="journal article" year="1890">Heylaerts, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of species along with some of the
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<collectingCountry id="6CF4765E3B5DFF8CFDC9BCC5C6F6018E" box="[614,740,1965,1991]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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|
species and all of those distributed from Sulawesi eastwards, is defined by loss of the fore tibial white spot, ii) the second group, including most of the Sundanian species,
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<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5DFF8BFA27BCBAC5BA06F8" authority="Holloway, 1987" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamica">
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|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5DFF8BFA27BCBAC4FC06F9" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">T. siamica</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFF5ABBFFC5BA06F8" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[245,424,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">Holloway, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
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|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFE71BBFFC6F006F8" authority="Hering, 1931" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1931" box="[478,738,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFE71BBFFC65406F9" box="[478,582,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T. magna</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFDE2BBFFC6F006F8" author="Hering, M." box="[589,738,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="665 - 728" refId="ref5082" refString="Hering, M. (1931) Limacodidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 10. Spinner und Schwarmer des Indo- Australischen Gebiets. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 665 - 728." type="book chapter" year="1931">Hering, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, is characterized by loss of the subcostal flap on the valva that articulates with the furca and iii) the third group, encompassing most of the mainland Asian species together with some of the Sundanian species, is characterized by “shouldering” of the uncus into a broad, somewhat setose basal part and a slender, tapering distal part. According to
|
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<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFD46BA6BC7EF0754" author="Solovyev, A. V. & Witt, T. J." box="[745,1021,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="33 - 229" refId="ref6083" refString="Solovyev, A. V. & Witt, T. J. (2009) The Limacodidae of Vietnam. Entomofauna, Supplement 16, 33 - 229." type="journal article" year="2009">Solovyev & Witt (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the genus includes about 45 species worldwide with the following seven recorded from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6CF4765E3B5AFF8BFD4FBA4FC70C0708" box="[736,798,295,321]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFC85BA4FC0520708" authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[810,1088,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFC85BA4FC78D0709" box="[810,927,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T. sinensis</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFC08BA4FC0520708" author="Walker, F." box="[935,1088,294,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" refId="ref6113" refString="Walker, F. (1855) s. n. In: List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 977 - 1258." type="book" year="1855">Walker, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFBE3BA4FC1460708" authority="Hering, 1931" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1931" box="[1100,1364,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFBE3BA4FC0A60709" box="[1100,1204,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T. magna</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFB12BA4FC1460708" author="Hering, M." box="[1213,1364,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="665 - 728" refId="ref5082" refString="Hering, M. (1931) Limacodidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. 10. Spinner und Schwarmer des Indo- Australischen Gebiets. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 665 - 728." type="book chapter" year="1931">Hering, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFACEBA4FC597072C" authority="Hering, 1933" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipartita">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFACEBA4FC4F1072D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T. bipartita</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFF43BA23C597072C" author="Hering, M." box="[236,389,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="201 - 209" refId="ref5129" refString="Hering, M. (1933) Limacodidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Supplement 2. Die Palaearktischen Spinner und Schwarmer. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 201 - 209." type="book chapter" year="1933">Hering, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFE3EBA23C6EF072C" authority="Holloway, 1987" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1987" box="[401,765,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sevastopuloi">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFE3EBA23C5B3072D" box="[401,417,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFE1EBA23C62F072C" box="[433,573,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">sevastopuloi</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFDEABA23C6EF072C" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[581,765,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">Holloway, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFCA6BA23C063072C" authority="Holloway, 1987" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1987" box="[777,1137,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andamanica">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFCA6BA23C7A2072C" box="[777,944,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T. andamanica</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFC15BA23C063072C" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[954,1137,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">Holloway, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFBD1BA23C18E072C" authority="Holloway, 1987" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1987" box="[1150,1436,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunti">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFBD1BA23C0CD072C" box="[1150,1247,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T. brunti</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFB47BA23C18E072C" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[1256,1436,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">Holloway, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3E34D4D3B5AFF8BFF68BA07C5D807C0" authority="Holloway, 1987" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1987" box="[199,458,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Thosea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="styx">
|
|
<emphasis id="2697EADC3B5AFF8BFF68BA07C51C07C1" box="[199,270,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">T. styx</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="70724B3F3B5AFF8BFEBABA07C5D807C0" author="Holloway, J. D. & Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R." box="[277,458,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" pagination="15 - 117" refId="ref5322" refString="Holloway, J. D., Cock, M. J. W. & Desmier De Chenon, R. (1987) Systematic account of South-east Asian pest Limacodidae. In: Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (Eds.), Slug and Nettle Caterpillars. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 15 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1987">Holloway, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |