279 lines
26 KiB
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279 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f271738-2361-416a-846b-0a18a3493ef0" ID-PMC="PMC7387373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" ID-PubMed="32774098" ID-ZooBank="7B45B663B8A74C0E9CE874A298CBE358" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-1" checkinTime="1595285272168" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yeung, Norine W., Slapcinsky, John, Strong, Ellen E., Kim, Jaynee R. & Hayes, Kenneth A." docDate="2020" docId="30A8D17AD8295DBAAA2255D2BD2C5CAC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 1-31" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669" docTitle="Auriculella gagneorum Yeung & Slapcinsky & Strong & Kim & Hayes 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="25F68BF8-12F1-461E-BE17-263982427BB0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F390930DA2F05E56A04D6573A61823CB" masterDocTitle="Overlooked but not forgotten: the first new extant species of Hawaiian land snail described in 60 years, Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. (Achatinellidae, Auriculellinae)" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169105500" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Overlooked but not forgotten: the first new extant species of Hawaiian land snail described in 60 years, Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. (Achatinellidae, Auriculellinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yeung, Norine W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, 96817, Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-9009</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nyeung@hawaii.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Slapcinsky, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Florida Museum of Natural History, 1659 Museum Road, 32611, Gainesville, Florida</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-848X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Strong, Ellen E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, 20013 - 7012, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-4114</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kim, Jaynee R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, 96817, Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hayes, Kenneth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, 96817, Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0814-483X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>950</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.50669</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7B45B663B8A74C0E9CE874A298CBE358</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843392" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25F68BF8-12F1-461E-BE17-263982427BB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30A8D17AD8295DBAAA2255D2BD2C5CAC" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="30A8D17A-D829-5DBA-AA22-55D2BD2C5CAC" authority="Yeung & Slapcinsky & Strong & Kim & Hayes, 2020" authorityName="Yeung & Slapcinsky & Strong & Kim & Hayes" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella gagneorum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gagneorum" status="sp. nov.">Auriculella gagneorum</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distributional map of Auriculella spp. A Auriculella auricula B Auriculella minuta C Auriculella perpusilla D Auriculella perversa E Auriculella tenella and F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. Dark grey circle = historical; light grey triangle = since 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 1F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Comparative shell morphology of A Auriculella auricula neotype BPBM 18709 B Auriculella auricula shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12651, BPBM 12666 C Auriculella minuta lectotype BPBM 42377 D Auriculella minuta shell variation (left to right) BPBM 12804, paralectotype MCZ 73037 E Auriculella perpusilla holotype MCZ 39912 F Auriculella perpusilla (left to right) BPBM 285806, BPBM 134341 (2 spm), BPBM 134280 white one, BPBM 122643, BPBM 13443 G Auriculella perversa lectotype BPBM 42384, 3 shells H Auriculella perversa shell variation (left to right) paralectotype ANSP 91817 I Auriculella tenella lectotype BPBM 18943 J Auriculella tenella shell variation paralectotype BPBM 109679 K Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. holotype (BPBM 285843) and L Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratypes, left to right (BPBM 285797, 285794, 285795, 285798). Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3K, L</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative reproductive anatomy of A Auriculella auricula BPBM 119141 B Auriculella minuta BPBM 99146 C Auriculella perpusilla BPBM 93626 D Auriculella perversa BPBM 97904 E Auriculella tenella BPBM 211034 F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratype BPBM 285800. Abbreviatons for reproductive structures are: AG = albumen gland; AP = penial appendix; BC = bursa copulatrix; EP = epiphallus; GP = gonopore; P = penis; OV = free oviduct; PG = prostate gland; PR = penial retractor muscle; UT = uterus; VD = vas deferens. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative radular morphology of A A. auricula B A. minuta C A. perpusilla D A. perversa E A. tenella F A. gagneorum sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432896" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs of live animals of Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. A eggs B 1 - day old juveniles C adult. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432897" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6A-C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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: USA • 1, H = 4.7 mm, W = 3.4 mm, AH = 2.3 mm, AW = 1.8 mm, WH = 5.3 whorls; Honolulu County, Oahu, Waianae Mountains, Palawai Gulch; 710 m; 9 Feb. 2018; K. A. Hayes, N. W. Yeung, J. Slapcinsky; hand collected on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Pisonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pisonia umbellifera" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbellifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pisonia umbellifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; GenBank: MT519824-MT519826, MT519866-MT519868, MT519889-MT519592; BPBM 285843.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: USA - Honolulu County, Oahu, Waianae Mountains • 1; Puu Hapapa; 23 Jan 2013; D.T.A. Gary, K. Leung, D. R. Sischo, V. J. Costello; BPBM 285794 • 8; Puu Hapapa; 23 Jan 2013; D.T.A. Gary, K. Leung, D. R. Sischo, V. J. Costello; BPBM 285795 • 1; Palawai; 24 Dec 2014; D. R. Sischo and SEPP crew; BPBM 285799 • 3; Puu Hapapa; 24 Jan 2013; D.T.A. Gary, K. Leung, D. R. Sischo, V. J. Costello; BPBM 285796 • 2; Ekahanui; 17 Feb 2013; D.T.A. Gary, K. Leung, D. T. B. Ressler, V. J. Costello; BPBM 285797 • 1; Palawai; 24 Dec 2014; D. R. Sischo and SEPP crew; BPBM 285798 • 2; Palawai; 24 Dec 2014; D. R. Sischo and SEPP crew; BPBM 285800.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material</emphasis>
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: USA - Honolulu County, Oahu, Waianae Mountains • 37; Palikea Ridge; 12 October 1912; R. von Holt, Cooke; BPBM 24989 • 44; Palikea Ridge; 12 October 1912; von Holt, Cooke; BPBM 33011 • 27; Palikea Ridge; 12 October 1912; von Holt, Cooke; BPBM 33018 • 10; Palikea Ridge; 12 October 1912; von Holt, Cooke; BPBM 33006 • 3; Makua; 16 November 1913; Spalding; BPBM 34847 • 3; Palikea Ridge; 27 December 1914; Alice T. Cooke, C.M. Cooke; BPBM 38031 • 79; Palikea Ridge; 24 August 1922; R. von Holt, C.M. Cooke Jr., M.C. Neal; BPBM 59612 • 11; Napepeiauolelo; 25 March 1934; Meinecke, William H.; BPBM 127221 • 1; Palawai Gulch; 30 August 1935;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch, Glen W. Russ; BPBM 174037 • 15; Palawai Gulch; 30 August 1935; Glen W. Russ,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 174233 • 2; Palawai Gulch; 30 August 1935;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch, Glen W. Russ; BPBM 174141 • 3; Palawai Gulch; 30 August 1935;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch, Glen W. Russ; BPBM 174081 • 1; Manuwaikaalae Gulch; 28 March 1936; J. Winne,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 176456 • 2; Pohakea Gulch; 30 March 1936; J. Winne,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 176596 • 3; Pualii Gulch; 30 March 1936; J. Winne,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 176651 • 21; Pualii Gulch; 30 March 1936; J. Winne,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 176766 • 1; Kaaikukai Gulch; 03 April 1936; B. Bowen,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 176916 • 11; Kaaikukai; 03 April 1936; B. Bowen,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 176973 • 15; Palawai Gulch; 19 April 1936; J. Winne,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 177217 • 9; Palawai Gulch; 19 April 1936; J. Winne,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 177278 • 1; Kaaikukai Gulch; 05 May 1936; R. Yamaguchi,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Alte">D'Alte</normalizedToken>
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A. Welch; BPBM 177468 • 1; Mount Kaala; 27 March 1937; F. Raymond Fosberg; BPBM 162712 • 11; Napepeiauolelo; 03 April 1938; William H. Meinecke, E. Meadows, Donald Anderson; BPBM 173979 • 9; Napepeiauolelo; 03 April 1938; William H. Meinecke, E. Meadows, Donald Anderson; BPBM 173980 • 2; Pualii Gulch; 03 April 1938; William H. Meinecke, E. Meadows,, Donald Anderson; BPBM 184885 • 5; Ekahanui Gulch; 16 September 1941; Rokuro Yamaguchi, Yoshio Kondo; BPBM 211563 • 2; Ekahanui Gulch; 16 September 1941; Rokuro Yamaguchi, Yoshio Kondo; BPBM 211678 • 6; Ekahanui Gulch; 16 September 1941; Rokuro Yamaguchi, Yoshio Kondo; BPBM 211723 • 5; Napepeiauolelo-Pualii Ridge; 15 October 1960; Yoshio Kondo, T.M. {T. Maa?}, George F. Arnemann, P.C. {Peter Char?}; BPBM 216123 • 2; Palawai Gulch; BPBM 183862 • 135; Palikea Ridge; R. von Holt, Cooke; BPBM 21823 • 17; Palikea Ridge; R. von Holt, Cooke; BPBM 21824 • 74; Palikea Ridge; Spalding; BPBM 22739 • 6; Palikea Ridge; Spalding; BPBM 19891 • 1; Palikea Ridge; Cooke; BPBM 16884.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palawai Gulch, Waianae Mountains, Honolulu County, Oahu</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Shell sinistral with inflated whorls, H = 4.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.3 mm, W = 3.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.2 mm, WH = 5.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.4, AH = 2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.1 mm, AW = 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.1 mm (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Museum catalog numbers for specimens used in genetic analysis with numbers of specimens from which shell measurements, reproductive anatomy and radular morphology were obtained. Catalog numbers (BPBM) are for lots from which specimens were sequenced (N = number of individuals sequenced from each lot)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43">2</tableCitation>
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). Columella in juveniles with a strong lamella that is reduced and covered by a thickening of the inner edge of the lip in adults. Adults do not show a short projection or angular edge where the columellar lamella was located. Parietal lamella is often undulate, usually with three peaks, extending 0.2 to 0.5 whorls into the aperture. Shell color is white, pale tan or dark brown, with or without irregularly placed axial bands of brown, or with a single peripheral band of pale tan or dark brown. Specimens occasionally pale tan with two poorly defined dark bands on either side of a pale tan peripheral band.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reproductive system</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Phallus retractor muscle long, attached apically to a short but well-defined epiphallus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative reproductive anatomy of A Auriculella auricula BPBM 119141 B Auriculella minuta BPBM 99146 C Auriculella perpusilla BPBM 93626 D Auriculella perversa BPBM 97904 E Auriculella tenella BPBM 211034 F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. paratype BPBM 285800. Abbreviatons for reproductive structures are: AG = albumen gland; AP = penial appendix; BC = bursa copulatrix; EP = epiphallus; GP = gonopore; P = penis; OV = free oviduct; PG = prostate gland; PR = penial retractor muscle; UT = uterus; VD = vas deferens. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4F</figureCitation>
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). Appendix slightly longer than the phallus. Appendix ⅔ the diameter of the phallus at its attachment, tapering gently to ⅓ its length, then remaining narrow to its terminus. Apical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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of the phallus is broad, tapering slightly both apically and basally, basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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narrows slightly above junction with the short atrium. Vagina is short.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radula" order="Limida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Radula</taxonomicName>
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with an irregular rachidian flanked on either side by rastriform marginal teeth, as diagnostic of the family (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative radular morphology of A A. auricula B A. minuta C A. perpusilla D A. perversa E A. tenella F A. gagneorum sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432896" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5F</figureCitation>
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). Each tooth has a long narrow base that expands slowly for
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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of the length of the tooth before reaching the forward curving cusps, which comprise the remaining
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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of the tooth. There are three long cusps at mesocone, endocone, and ectocone positions with two or more alternating larger and smaller cusps intercalated between them. Number of teeth per row range from 135 to 153 (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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= 3; Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Museum catalog numbers for specimens used in genetic analysis with numbers of specimens from which shell measurements, reproductive anatomy and radular morphology were obtained. Catalog numbers (BPBM) are for lots from which specimens were sequenced (N = number of individuals sequenced from each lot)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="D193152D554D4A4E5C1BFC4418311F43">2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yeung & Slapcinsky & Strong & Kim & Hayes" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinellidae" genus="Auriculella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auriculella gagneorum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gagneorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Auriculella gagneorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is endemic to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oahu’s">Oahu's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Waianae Mountain Range and was recorded as a potentially new species primarily from the southern Waianae Mountain Range, with several populations in the northern part of the range (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distributional map of Auriculella spp. A Auriculella auricula B Auriculella minuta C Auriculella perpusilla D Auriculella perversa E Auriculella tenella and F Auriculella gagneorum sp. nov. Dark grey circle = historical; light grey triangle = since 2010." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.50669.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is arboreal and has been found on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Antidesma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antidesma platyphyllum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platyphyllum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antidesma platyphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrangeaceae" genus="Broussaisia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Broussaisia arguta" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arguta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Broussaisia arguta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lantana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Melicope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melicope anisate" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anisate">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Melicope anisate</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine lessertiana" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lessertiana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Myrsine lessertiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and occasionally on unspecified ferns and dead leaves. The last known record of this species prior to recent surveys was by Yoshio Kondo, T. Maa, George F. Arnemann, and Peter Char in 1960. From 2013 to 2018 we recorded extant populations of this species from three locations in the southern Waianae Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The shell is sinistral unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the columella does not bear an axially oriented ridge like the one found in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perversa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perversa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The palatal lamella is often undulate unlike all other members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perpusilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perpusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. The epiphallus is short but well defined similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but unlike the long epiphallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perpusilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perpusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the poorly defined epiphallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perversa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perversa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The appendix tapers gently unlike the appendices of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. auricula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="auricula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. auricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. minuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perpusilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perpusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perversa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perversa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. perversa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tenella" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tenella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. tenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which all narrow abruptly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Named in honor of Betsy and Wayne Gagne for their indefatigable efforts advocating for the conservation of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawaii’s">Hawaii's</normalizedToken>
|
||
unique and highly endangered biota.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |