560 lines
65 KiB
XML
560 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="55353DB6E12178802376AC45FE89B55E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.294003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0bb01aa-a4e2-41dd-886d-8774211499df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="294003" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460199198069" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Minaei, Kambiz & Mound, Laurence" docDate="2010" docId="143FCA51FFB05A31FF26B058A418F9A1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02411p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2411" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chirothrips Haliday" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="E806B229FFB15A34FFB1B642A759FFCB" masterDocTitle="Grass-flower thrips of the genus Chirothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a key to species from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698236591490" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="975CBF71ABD8A3FFC8A4AEACF8EDB613">Grass-flower thrips of the genus Chirothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with a key to species from Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F9B15AEA0C1F55F5014FB030478E0D26" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D694427F6B5DF6AA99FF72D4A17BA5AD">Minaei, Kambiz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E12417ED5DAE22606C8CD282B0FFE83">Mound, Laurence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2078E265DFADE5EC268FEF6ECBD1E69B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8D0A63059543C71CAEB891FCC129FC73">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="134D8096386D9B4765BC4C917D806689">
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<mods:date id="07DF211BB1EEA7146B7E04F7FE001202">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3CEB18FF6A46BB54E181DE6A0D442878" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5542C3E4604852902053060AE2587E5E">2411</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A518793C3B62C7C823384B3B312D350C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.294003</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1EFFAE33EE565A9F30A322EA799F906F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F591EA0546F6429E1A67F778AEC55D3A" type="Zenodo-Dep">294003</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="143FCA51FFB05A31FF26B058A418F9A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6205904" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127700664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6205904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:143FCA51FFB05A31FF26B058A418F9A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/143FCA51FFB05A31FF26B058A418F9A1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="D48C28CCFFB05A35FF26B058A5DDF952" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A35FF26B058A6D4F9FF" blockId="1.[151,397,1562,1588]" box="[151,397,1562,1588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="C761CC2BFFB05A35FF26B058A6D4F9FF" bold="true" box="[151,397,1562,1588]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FF26B058A6D4F9FF" ID-CoL="62M7P" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[151,397,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FF26B058A6D4F9FF" bold="true" box="[151,397,1562,1588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FF26B058A67AF9FF" bold="true" box="[151,291,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Chirothrips</emphasis>
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Haliday
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A35FF26B020A5DDF952" blockId="1.[151,1108,1634,1721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FF26B020A784F9B2" box="[151,221,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Thrips</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FF5DB020A631F9B2" box="[236,360,1634,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FF5DB020A631F9B2" box="[236,360,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Chirothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="F80706B6FFB05A35FEC6B020A556F9B2" author="Haliday" box="[375,527,1634,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1836) An epitome of the British genera in the order Thysanoptera. Entomological Magazine, 3, 439 - 451." type="journal article" year="1836">Haliday, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="432DC5E5FFB05A35FDABB020A516F9B2" box="[538,591,1634,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FD01B020A5AFF9B2" box="[688,758,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Thrips</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FCB4B020A4D9F9B2" box="[773,896,1634,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FCB4B020A4D9F9B2" box="[773,896,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Chirothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FC21B020A4AAF9B2" box="[912,1011,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">manicata</emphasis>
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Haliday.
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FF26B0C0A62BF952" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[151,370,1666,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FF26B0C0A64AF952" box="[151,275,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Chirothrips</emphasis>
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Haliday
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="F80706B6FFB05A35FECAB0C0A5D8F952" author="Amyot" box="[379,641,1666,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Amyot, C. J. B. & Audinet-Serville, J. G. (1843) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Paris (France): Fain and Thunot. p. 637 - 646." type="book chapter" year="1843">Amyot & Serville, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C28CCFFB05A35FF26B0E0A3AFF887" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A35FF26B0E0A4C9F972" blockId="1.[151,1108,1634,1721]" box="[151,912,1698,1721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FF26B0E0A6E9F972" authority="Hood, 1954" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,432,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FF26B0E0A670F972" box="[151,297,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Agrostothrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F80706B6FFB05A35FE9EB0E0A6E9F972" author="Hood" box="[303,432,1698,1721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Hood, J. D. (1954) A new Chirothrips - like genus of Thysanoptera from South Africa. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaine, 49, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1954">Hood, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type-species
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FDFDB0E0A469F972" ID-CoL="665MR" authority="Hood." authorityName="Hood." box="[588,816,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FDFDB0E0A5BEF972" box="[588,743,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">A. guillarmodi</emphasis>
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Hood.
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5D11A2EFFB05A35FC87B0E0A4C9F972" box="[822,912,1698,1721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">syn nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A35FF26B0AAA3AFF887" blockId="1.[151,1436,1768,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FF26B0AAA678F8CA" ID-CoL="62M7P" box="[151,289,1768,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FF26B0AAA678F8CA" box="[151,289,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Chirothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one the largest genera in the
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FD2EB0AAA44FF8C9" ID-CoL="626PS" box="[671,790,1768,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thripidae</taxonomicName>
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, with more than 50 species listed worldwide (
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<bibRefCitation id="F80706B6FFB05A35FA8CB0AAA78EF8EC" author="Mound" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Mound, L. A. (2009) Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World - a checklist. http: // www. ento. csiro. au / thysanoptera / worldthrips. html" type="book" year="2009">Mound, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Hood described
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FE1AB14FA512F8ED" box="[427,587,1805,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FE1AB14FA512F8ED" box="[427,587,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Agrostothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for a single new species taken from grasses at two sites in
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<collectingCountry id="E4813BD7FFB05A35FAB4B14FA2C5F8EC" box="[1285,1436,1805,1831]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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and one site in
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<collectingCountry id="E4813BD7FFB05A35FEF9B170A6FFF887" box="[328,422,1842,1868]" name="Uganda" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, and distinguished this genus from
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB05A35FCF4B171A494F887" ID-CoL="62M7P" box="[837,973,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB05A35FCF4B171A494F887" box="[837,973,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">Chirothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on three character states:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C28CCFFB05A31FF75B11AA418F9A1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="1" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A35FF75B11AA41BF8B9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1768,2018]" box="[196,834,1880,1906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">1. Antennal segment II external margin not prolonged;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A35FF75B13FA473F85C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1768,2018]" box="[196,810,1917,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">2. Antennal segments III–IV with sensorium forked;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A35FF75B1E0A533F877" blockId="1.[151,1436,1768,2018]" box="[196,618,1954,1980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">3. Abdomen slender and acuminate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB05A36FF75B18AA3C7FF37" blockId="1.[151,1436,1768,2018]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,327]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="34">
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<bibRefCitation id="F80706B6FFB05A35FF75B18AA638F829" author="Bhatti" box="[196,353,1992,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Bhatti, J. S. (1990) On some genera related to Chirothrips (Insecta: Terebrantia: Thripidae). Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 2, 194 - 200." type="journal article" year="1990">Bhatti (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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indicated that, by themselves, these characters were not sufficient to warrant recognition of a separate genus. However, he added two further character states in order to distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FB2EB6DAA266FF7A" box="[1183,1343,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FB2EB6DAA266FF7A" box="[1183,1343,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Agrostothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and he then included four species in that genus:
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FD31B6FFA476FF1D" box="[640,815,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FD31B6FFA450FF1D" box="[640,777,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chirothrips</taxonomicName>
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ah
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</emphasis>
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Girault,
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FC2AB6FFA25FFF1C" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[923,1286,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FC2AB6FFA3FEFF1D" box="[923,1191,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Chirothrips atricorpus</emphasis>
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Girault
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FAA2B6FFA6C9FF37" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FAA2B6FFA675FF30" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Chirothrips meridionalis</emphasis>
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Bagnall
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FE7FB6A0A521FF30" box="[462,632,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FE7FB6A0A521FF30" box="[462,632,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">A. guillarmodi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The two additional characters proposed were:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB35A36FF75B74AA3ECFEE9" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,327]" box="[196,1205,264,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">4. Craspedum on posterior margin of tergites and sternites comprising elongate plates;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB35A36FF75B76FA2C4FE8C" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,327]" box="[196,1437,301,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">5. Eyes “lack differentiated facets” (this state was not defined, but presumably refers to pigmented facets).</paragraph>
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<caption id="C8E92BCFFFB35A36FF26B3CEA411FA0F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294004/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[192,1370,385,1370]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB35A36FF26B3CEA411FA0F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1420,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FF26B3CEA61BFA6F" bold="true" box="[151,322,1420,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 1–6</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FEFBB3CFA695FA6F" box="[330,460,1421,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FEFBB3CFA695FA6F" box="[330,460,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Chirothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species.
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<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FD85B3CEA50AFA6F" bold="true" box="[564,595,1420,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">(1)</emphasis>
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adults emerged from pupae within grass seeds.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FBC3B3CFA3AAFA6F" box="[1138,1267,1421,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FBC3B3CFA3AAFA6F" box="[1138,1267,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
heads 2–6:
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FACDB3CEA2C5FA6F" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1420,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">(2)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FF26B3EFA7A4FA0F" box="[151,253,1453,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FF26B3EFA7A4FA0F" box="[151,253,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FEBAB3EEA673FA0F" bold="true" box="[267,298,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">(3)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FE80B3EFA6CFFA0F" box="[305,406,1453,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FE80B3EFA6CFFA0F" box="[305,406,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">africanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FE15B3EEA69BFA0F" bold="true" box="[420,450,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">(4)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FE78B3EFA6BDFA0F" box="[457,484,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">ah</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FE43B3EEA548FA0F" bold="true" box="[498,529,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">(5)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FDA9B3EFA5DEFA0F" box="[536,647,1453,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FDA9B3EFA5DEFA0F" box="[536,647,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FD24B3EEA5EDFA0F" bold="true" box="[661,692,1452,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">(6)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FD0AB3EFA41BFA0F" box="[699,834,1453,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FD0AB3EFA41BFA0F" box="[699,834,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB35A36FF75B3AFA366F8C7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1517,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Considering these five characters, it is clear that the third listed, the shape of the abdomen, is not a useful distinction because it cannot be defined satisfactorily. Moreover, the fifth character is incorrect, because
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FAC6B050A2CDF9E0" box="[1399,1428,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">ah</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FF26B07AA648F99A" box="[151,273,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FF26B07AA648F99A" box="[151,273,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FEFAB07AA686F99A" box="[331,479,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FEFAB07AA686F99A" box="[331,479,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all usually have several pigmented eye facets ventrally, in the same pattern as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FA30B07AA656F9BD" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FA30B07AA656F9BD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">C. manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first character would appear to be well defined, but it applies to only two of the four species. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FF68B0C0A60CF950" box="[217,341,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FF68B0C0A60CF950" box="[217,341,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FE3EB0C0A542F950" box="[399,539,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FE3EB0C0A542F950" box="[399,539,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">guillarmodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the second antennal segment almost symmetrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB35A36FB0DB0C0A25CF957" box="[1212,1285,1666,1692]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,273,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[192,1370,385,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[192,1395,383,1396]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6 Chirothrips species. (1) adults emerged from pupae within grass seeds. Chirothrips heads 2 – 6: (2) aculeatus; (3) africanus; (4) ah; (5) atricorpus; (6) meridionalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294004/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FAFDB0C0A230F950" box="[1356,1385,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">ah</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FF26B0EAA675F90A" box="[151,300,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FF26B0EAA675F90A" box="[151,300,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have this segment projecting laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB35A36FD4AB0EAA43CF909" box="[763,869,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,273,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[192,1370,385,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[192,1395,383,1396]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6 Chirothrips species. (1) adults emerged from pupae within grass seeds. Chirothrips heads 2 – 6: (2) aculeatus; (3) africanus; (4) ah; (5) atricorpus; (6) meridionalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294004/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Figs 4, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The symmetrical shape of the second antennal segment is certainly interesting and probably plesiotypic, but a few other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FBC2B08FA3A2F92D" box="[1139,1275,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FBC2B08FA3A2F92D" box="[1139,1275,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to have this segment only weakly asymmetrical, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FCA0B0B0A4F4F8C0" box="[785,941,1778,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watanabei">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FCA0B0B0A4F4F8C0" box="[785,941,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">C. watanabei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4813BD7FFB35A36FC45B0B0A362F8C7" box="[1012,1083,1778,1804]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB35A36FF75B15AA496F80C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1517,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The second character state indicated above also seems clearly defined, but it is not consistent across the four species. Although in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FE65B17FA53AF89D" box="[468,611,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FE65B17FA53AF89D" box="[468,611,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">guillarmodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sensoria on segments III and IV are forked, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FB64B17FA237F89D" box="[1237,1390,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FB64B17FA237F89D" box="[1237,1390,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sensorium on segment IV is forked but that on III is simple, and in
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FC12B120A499F8B0" box="[931,960,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">ah</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FC49B120A32BF8B0" box="[1016,1138,1890,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FC49B120A32BF8B0" box="[1016,1138,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sensoria on segments III and IV are simple. Thus the only character remaining to define
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FC14B1CAA31CF86A" box="[933,1093,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FC14B1CAA31CF86A" box="[933,1093,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Agrostothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB35A36FB3CB1CAA24DF86A" box="[1165,1300,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB35A36FB3CB1CAA24DF86A" box="[1165,1300,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the form of the craspedum on the posterior margins of the tergites and sternites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C8E92BCFFFB25A37FF26B290A624FAC2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294005/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[210,1350,197,1187]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB25A37FF26B290A624FAC2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1234,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FF26B290A616FB21" bold="true" box="[151,335,1234,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 7–11</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FEEFB290A6B9FB22" box="[350,480,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FEEFB290A6B9FB22" box="[350,480,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
heads.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FD86B290A501FB21" bold="true" box="[567,600,1234,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">(7)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FDEEB290A5B8FB22" box="[607,737,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurdistanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FDEEB290A5B8FB22" box="[607,737,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">kurdistanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FD41B290A448FB21" bold="true" box="[752,785,1234,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">(8)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FCA8B290A4F1FB22" box="[793,936,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FCA8B290A4F1FB22" box="[793,936,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">pallidicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FC09B290A480FB21" bold="true" box="[952,985,1234,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">(9)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FC51B290A31BFB22" box="[992,1090,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FC51B290A31BFB22" box="[992,1090,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">molestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FBE0B290A326FB21" bold="true" box="[1105,1151,1234,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">(10)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FB39B290A3A3FB22" box="[1160,1274,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FB39B290A3A3FB22" box="[1160,1274,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[A.C.T.].
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FADEB290A2C5FB21" bold="true" box="[1391,1436,1234,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">(11)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FF26B2B0A65CFAC2" box="[151,261,1266,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FF26B2B0A65CFAC2" box="[151,261,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[England].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB25A37FF75B370A329F9BC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1330,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FF55B370A636FA80" box="[228,367,1330,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FF55B370A636FA80" box="[228,367,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">guillarmodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tergites and sternites bear a series of closely approximated, but independent, elongate lobes. The tergites of
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE25B31AA6E8FABA" box="[404,433,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">ah</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FE71B31AA563FABA" box="[448,570,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE71B31AA563FABA" box="[448,570,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FDC2B31AA45EFABA" box="[627,775,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FDC2B31AA45EFABA" box="[627,775,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all bear a craspedum that comprises rounded lobes (Fig. 23), unlike the elongate lobes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FD86B33FA593FA5D" box="[567,714,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FD86B33FA593FA5D" box="[567,714,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">guillarmodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, in these species although each of the lobes is independent on some segments, they are broadly fused at the base to form a continuous structure on the more posterior segments, and in
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE67B38AA6AAFA2A" box="[470,499,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">ah</emphasis>
|
||
this lobed tergal craspedum is often weakly developed or even absent. Among other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FF6BB3AFA63BF9CD" box="[218,354,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FF6BB3AFA63BF9CD" box="[218,354,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species there is considerable variation in the form of the tergal craspeda. Many species have a more or less continuous and weakly lobed tergal craspedum, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FC62B050A317F9E0" box="[979,1102,1554,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FC62B050A317F9E0" box="[979,1102,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 20), but other species have very different structures, such as a series of independent small, triangular lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FB14B07AA274F99A" box="[1189,1325,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FB14B07AA274F99A" box="[1189,1325,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">pretorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.22), or a series of widely and evenly spaced microtrichia-like teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FC25B01FA4A2F9BD" box="[916,1019,1629,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FC25B01FA4A2F9BD" box="[916,1019,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">molestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 24).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB25A37FF75B0C0A5CEF8B7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1330,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
On the sternites, the lobed craspedum of
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FD12B0C0A599F950" box="[675,704,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">ah</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FD7EB0C0A410F950" box="[719,841,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FD7EB0C0A410F950" box="[719,841,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FC33B0C0A34FF950" box="[898,1046,1666,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FC33B0C0A34FF950" box="[898,1046,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also takes a rather different form from that found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FE39B0EAA545F90A" box="[392,540,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE39B0EAA545F90A" box="[392,540,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">guillarmodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in that the lobes are long, slender and widely-separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB25A37FB4FB0EAA2D7F909" box="[1278,1422,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,458,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,458,1604]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chirothrips and Limothrips species. (12) Limothrips cerealium, meta pre-episternum arrowed. (13) C. meridionalis pteronota. (14) C. ah meta pre-episternum arrowed. (15) C. manicatus meta pre-episternum arrowed [Victoria]. Abdominal sternites: (16) C. meridionalis IV – V; (17) C. manicatus III – IV [A. C. T.]; (18) C. hamatus IV – V; (19) C. ah VI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 16, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FE90B08FA6D2F92D" box="[289,395,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE90B08FA6D2F92D" box="[289,395,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">hamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FE78B08FA54BF92D" box="[457,530,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE78B08FA54BF92D" box="[457,530,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">falsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have slender independent lobes laterally that are similar to the lobes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FF26B0B0A672F8C0" box="[151,299,1778,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FF26B0B0A672F8C0" box="[151,299,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are small or absent medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB25A37FD74B0B0A444F8C7" box="[709,797,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,458,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,458,1604]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chirothrips and Limothrips species. (12) Limothrips cerealium, meta pre-episternum arrowed. (13) C. meridionalis pteronota. (14) C. ah meta pre-episternum arrowed. (15) C. manicatus meta pre-episternum arrowed [Victoria]. Abdominal sternites: (16) C. meridionalis IV – V; (17) C. manicatus III – IV [A. C. T.]; (18) C. hamatus IV – V; (19) C. ah VI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FC4CB0B0A3DCF8C0" box="[1021,1157,1778,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FC4CB0B0A3DCF8C0" box="[1021,1157,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack any craspedum on the sternites, including
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE18B15AA552F8FA" box="[425,523,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FDAAB15AA5FAF8FA" box="[539,675,1816,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurdistanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FDAAB15AA5FAF8FA" box="[539,675,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">kurdistanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FD55B15AA435F8FA" box="[740,876,1816,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FD55B15AA435F8FA" box="[740,876,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">pretorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but others, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FBC5B15AA3B5F8FA" box="[1140,1260,1816,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FBC5B15AA3B5F8FA" box="[1140,1260,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FB4DB15AA23AF8FA" box="[1276,1379,1816,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FB4DB15AA23AF8FA" box="[1276,1379,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">molestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FF26B17FA653F89D" box="[151,266,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FF26B17FA653F89D" box="[151,266,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have a series of tubercles on the sternal posterior margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB25A37FC52B17FA363F89C" box="[995,1082,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,458,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,458,1604]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chirothrips and Limothrips species. (12) Limothrips cerealium, meta pre-episternum arrowed. (13) C. meridionalis pteronota. (14) C. ah meta pre-episternum arrowed. (15) C. manicatus meta pre-episternum arrowed [Victoria]. Abdominal sternites: (16) C. meridionalis IV – V; (17) C. manicatus III – IV [A. C. T.]; (18) C. hamatus IV – V; (19) C. ah VI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294006/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) that vary from prominent to insignificant, partly in relation to body size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB25A30FF75B1CAA52EFE59" blockId="3.[151,1437,1330,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,402]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The four species,
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE26B1CAA6EDF86A" box="[407,436,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">ah</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FE75B1CAA566F86A" box="[452,575,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FE75B1CAA566F86A" box="[452,575,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FDFFB1CAA580F86A" box="[590,729,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guillarmodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FDFFB1CAA580F86A" box="[590,729,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">guillarmodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FCA5B1CAA4F1F86A" box="[788,936,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FCA5B1CAA4F1F86A" box="[788,936,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are unusual within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB25A37FAA5B1CAA2C5F86A" box="[1300,1436,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB25A37FAA5B1CAA2C5F86A" box="[1300,1436,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fully winged males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F80706B6FFB25A37FE4AB1EFA44FF80C" author="Mound" box="[507,790,1965,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" refString="Mound, L. A. & Palmer, J. M. (1972) Grass-flower infesting thrips of the genus Chirothrips Haliday in Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 11, 332 - 339." type="journal article" year="1972">Mound & Palmer, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it is possible that they represent a species-lineage from the Afro-tropical Region. Masami Masumoto has pointed out (in litt., 2009) that the metathoracic preepisternum is reduced in those
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FD95B6DAA5C6FF79" box="[548,671,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thripinae">Thripinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that are related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FC46B6DAA3D3FF7A" box="[1015,1162,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FC46B6DAA3D3FF7A" box="[1015,1162,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In typical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FF26B6FFA655FF1C" box="[151,268,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thripinae">Thripinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FE3CB6FFA5D0FF1D" box="[397,649,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Limothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerealium">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FE3CB6FFA5D0FF1D" box="[397,649,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Limothrips cerealium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB55A30FD28B6FFA5B6FF1C" box="[665,751,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,458,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,458,1604]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chirothrips and Limothrips species. (12) Limothrips cerealium, meta pre-episternum arrowed. (13) C. meridionalis pteronota. (14) C. ah meta pre-episternum arrowed. (15) C. manicatus meta pre-episternum arrowed [Victoria]. Abdominal sternites: (16) C. meridionalis IV – V; (17) C. manicatus III – IV [A. C. T.]; (18) C. hamatus IV – V; (19) C. ah VI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), this sclerite is broadly band-like, with parallel or slightly tapering sides, extending laterally around the anterior margin of the meta-episternum. However, in the available species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FE36B74AA556FEEA" box="[391,527,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FE36B74AA556FEEA" box="[391,527,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FDFBB74AA58DFEEA" box="[586,724,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Arorathrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FDFBB74AA58DFEEA" box="[586,724,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Arorathrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this sclerite is reduced to a pointed triangle, of varying size among species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB55A30FEE5B76FA6F5FE8C" box="[340,428,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,458,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,458,1604]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chirothrips and Limothrips species. (12) Limothrips cerealium, meta pre-episternum arrowed. (13) C. meridionalis pteronota. (14) C. ah meta pre-episternum arrowed. (15) C. manicatus meta pre-episternum arrowed [Victoria]. Abdominal sternites: (16) C. meridionalis IV – V; (17) C. manicatus III – IV [A. C. T.]; (18) C. hamatus IV – V; (19) C. ah VI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FE52B76FA559FE8D" box="[483,512,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">ah</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FDA1B76FA5D3FE8D" box="[528,650,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricorpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FDA1B76FA5D3FE8D" box="[528,650,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">atricorpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FD7DB76FA439FE8D" box="[716,864,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FD7DB76FA439FE8D" box="[716,864,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the metathoracic pre-episternum is intermediate in condition, extending from the triangular base for a short distance ventro-laterally as a narrow, and irregularly sclerotised strip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04AD67C2FFB55A30FE53B73AA533FE59" box="[482,618,376,402]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1628,1652]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,458,1588]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,458,1604]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chirothrips and Limothrips species. (12) Limothrips cerealium, meta pre-episternum arrowed. (13) C. meridionalis pteronota. (14) C. ah meta pre-episternum arrowed. (15) C. manicatus meta pre-episternum arrowed [Victoria]. Abdominal sternites: (16) C. meridionalis IV – V; (17) C. manicatus III – IV [A. C. T.]; (18) C. hamatus IV – V; (19) C. ah VI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C8E92BCFFFB55A30FF26B01EA677F918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/294006/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[152,1431,458,1588]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB55A30FF26B01EA677F918" blockId="4.[151,1436,1628,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FF26B01EA60FF9BF" bold="true" box="[151,342,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 12–19</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FED2B01FA686F9BF" box="[355,479,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FED2B01FA686F9BF" box="[355,479,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FDA0B01FA5DFF9BF" box="[529,646,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Limothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FDA0B01FA5DFF9BF" box="[529,646,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Limothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FD57B01EA44AF9BF" bold="true" box="[742,787,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(12)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FCA8B01FA4A6F9BF" box="[793,1023,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Limothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerealium">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FCA8B01FA4A6F9BF" box="[793,1023,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Limothrips cerealium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meta pre-episternum arrowed.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FAE0B01EA224F9BF" bold="true" box="[1361,1405,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(13)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FA35B01FA67CF95F" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FA35B01FA67CF95F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pteronota.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FE17B03EA68FF95F" bold="true" box="[422,470,1660,1684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(14)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FE6CB03FA542F95F" box="[477,539,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. ah</emphasis>
|
||
meta pre-episternum arrowed.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FCCCB03EA4F4F95F" bold="true" box="[893,941,1660,1684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(15)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FC05B03FA310F95F" box="[948,1097,1661,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FC05B03FA310F95F" box="[948,1097,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
meta pre-episternum arrowed [Victoria]. Abdominal sternites:
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FE47B0DEA57AF97F" bold="true" box="[502,547,1692,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(16)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FD9BB0DFA58BF97F" box="[554,722,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FD9BB0DFA58BF97F" box="[554,722,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IV–V;
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FC95B0DEA408F97F" bold="true" box="[804,849,1692,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(17)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FCE9B0DFA4BEF97F" box="[856,999,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FCE9B0DFA4BEF97F" box="[856,999,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
III–IV [A.C.T.];
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FB12B0DEA396F97F" bold="true" box="[1187,1231,1692,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(18)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FB66B0DFA20BF97F" box="[1239,1362,1693,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FB66B0DFA20BF97F" box="[1239,1362,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. hamatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IV–V;
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FF26B0FEA79AF91F" bold="true" box="[151,195,1724,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">(19)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FF7BB0FFA65DF91F" box="[202,260,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. ah</emphasis>
|
||
VI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB55A30FF75B0BFA5C2F867" blockId="4.[151,1437,1789,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Each of the four species placed by Bhatti in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FD52B0BFA4D1F8DD" box="[739,904,1789,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FD52B0BFA4D1F8DD" box="[739,904,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Agrostothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to retain one or more characters in a plesiotypic state. However, given the wide range of variation in the posterior margins of the sternites and tergites indicated here, and also the lack of consistency in other character states including antennal sensoria, there seems little support for placing these four species into a genus separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FB05B12FA21CF84D" box="[1204,1349,1901,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FB05B12FA21CF84D" box="[1204,1349,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB55A30FF26B1D0A66EF860" box="[151,311,1938,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Agrostothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FF26B1D0A66EF860" box="[151,311,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Agrostothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here placed into synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB55A31FF75B1F5A39BFD87" blockId="4.[151,1437,1789,2001]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,588]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB55A30FF75B1F5A6F2F81A" bold="true" box="[196,427,1975,2001]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Generic diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Head variably prolonged in front of eyes, smaller than pronotum; usually with at least three pairs of ocellar setae, and four pairs of postocular setae; maxillary palps 3-segmented. Antennae 8- segmented; segment I without median dorsal apical setae; II usually projecting laterally; III–IV with sensorium simple, rarely forked. Pronotum trapezoidal, with two pairs of posteroangular setae. Mesonotum with median pair of setae situated medially, anterior campaniform sensilla present. Metanotum with two pairs of setae near anterior margin, campaniform sensilla present. Prosternal ferna divided medially; basantra rugose, triangular; prospinasternum transverse, narrow. Mesothoracic sternopleural sutures complete; meta pre-episternum reduced, not broadly band-like. Meso and metasternal furca without spinula. Forewings slender, first vein with long gap in setal row, two distal setae; second vein with four to five setae arranged irregularly; clavus with about four veinal and one discal setae. Tarsi 2-segmented. Abdominal terga without ctenidia; terga I–VIII with varied posteromarginal craspedum, VIII without comb; sterna without discal setae, craspeda present or absent; sterna II with two pairs of posteromarginal setae, III–VII with three pairs. Male generally similar to but smaller than female, usually micropterous, with sternal pore plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C297B47FFB45A31FF26B071A418F9A1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1587,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FF26B071A600F980" bold="true" box="[151,345,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">FIGURES 20–25</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB45A31FED6B071A6BDF981" box="[359,484,1587,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FED6B071A6BDF981" box="[359,484,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">Chirothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tergites.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FDF8B071A52FF980" bold="true" box="[585,630,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(20)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB45A31FDCCB071A5B5F981" box="[637,748,1587,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FDCCB071A5B5F981" box="[637,748,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
V–VI [Victoria].
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FC01B071A485F980" bold="true" box="[944,988,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(21)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB45A31FC55B071A312F981" box="[996,1099,1587,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FC55B071A312F981" box="[996,1099,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IV–V.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FB2AB071A391F980" bold="true" box="[1179,1224,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(22)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB45A31FB7EB071A215F981" box="[1231,1356,1587,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pretorianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FB7EB071A215F981" box="[1231,1356,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">pretorianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
III–IV.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FF26B011A79AF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,195,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(23)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB45A31FF7BB011A608F9A1" box="[202,337,1619,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FF7BB011A608F9A1" box="[202,337,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IV–V.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FE2FB011A693F9A0" bold="true" box="[414,458,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(24)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB45A31FE60B011A577F9A1" box="[465,558,1619,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FE60B011A577F9A1" box="[465,558,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">molestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
III.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FDECB011A5D0F9A0" bold="true" box="[605,649,1619,1643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">(25)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9600C4FFB45A31FD21B011A452F9A1" box="[656,779,1619,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Chirothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurdistanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2A755FFB45A31FD21B011A452F9A1" box="[656,779,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="38">kurdistanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
I–II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |