304 lines
31 KiB
XML
304 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="BD182F1A45D204E2B12F3273CCB88497" ID-CLB-Dataset="3637" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5676639" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23dac009-8dc4-4021-a812-5f9db538c89c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676639" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633548419167" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="143F87B3FFCEFF89FA1F9CB1FC7CF739" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Herpestidae_0262.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Xenogale naso" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="308" masterDocId="E806FFCBFFCCFF8AFF999B1CFF9CFFA7" masterDocTitle="Herpestidae" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1700280137702" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="96D57A5CD3B4D64A58146A04B6DD55D2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="59459277196C116F8D86B18A1DFE4558">
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<mods:title id="9F95E6002DF07C7544DDC32A5F3A65DB">Herpestidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59895AC77A1D184B78185AAAE96B4545">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="61EE9B708EEE457F1F80721FF09615D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="820E053FD48CCA8AEC786CA03B73BF5F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D98134E9C0EC55DC124A8067E7765453">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1C3E70ECC8EB13C6D11129A6592FCC70">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="85E11BBA9C5FC748854FCFC7FB88CEA7" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="CF76E10D993C95F3A9D155B7BE989A36">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="0358A42503AFCB68FC10B07F5C48A993">
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<mods:placeTerm id="1CA8A9B5F107757B0364C1EC88F19233">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB12A2E2E5F3864CA850BEC0A2E0CCAB">
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<mods:title id="3C23381608AA0812622DC3C1C578363D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C7DE447C28F1496E2204CD0060198659">
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<mods:extent id="A280822C5E542A6969AD861E932307C9" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="01B19E520300DB6F0E85D55DBFBB6280">262</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E1E272777645A70F04DAB75DC17223D2">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EE8D2A42D26151B64E443FC199A6C0A3" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="143F87B3FFCEFF89FA1F9CB1FC7CF739" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6554439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193941109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6554439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:143F87B3FFCEFF89FA1F9CB1FC7CF739" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/143F87B3FFCEFF89FA1F9CB1FC7CF739" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA1F9CB1FA39F87C" box="[1414,1445,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA1F9CB1FA39F87C" blockId="2.[1412,2379,1965,2054]" box="[1414,1445,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FA1F9CB1FA39F87C" box="[1414,1445,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<figureCitation id="04AD2A20FFCEFF88FA1F9CB1FA39F87C" box="[1414,1445,1965,2011]" captionStart="Plate 17: Herpestidae" captionStartId="2.[139,169,3360,3385]" captionTargetBox="[13,2796,16,3637]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Marsh Mongoose (Atilax paludinosus), 2. Long-nosed Mongoose (Xenogale naso), 3. Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus), 4. Short-tailed Mongoose (Herpestes brachyurus), 5. Indian Gray Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), 6. Indian Brown Mongoose (Herpestes fuscus), 7. Egyptian Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), 8. Javan Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), 9. Collared Mongoose (Herpestes semitorquatus), 10. Ruddy Mongoose (Herpestes smith), 11. Crab-eating Mongoose (Herpestes urva), 12. Stripe-necked Mongoose (Herpestes vitticollis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6347111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6347111/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">2.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA2E9CB1F80FF87C" box="[1463,1939,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA2E9CB1F80FF87C" blockId="2.[1412,2379,1965,2054]" box="[1463,1939,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FA2E9CB1F80FF87C" box="[1463,1939,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88FA2E9CB1F80FF87C" box="[1463,1939,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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||
Long-nosed
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F9229CB1F80FF87C" bold="true" box="[1723,1939,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mongoose</emphasis>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88F83D9CB1F733F87C" box="[1956,2223,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88F83D9CB1F733F87C" blockId="2.[1412,2379,1965,2054]" box="[1956,2223,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88F83D9CB1F733F87C" box="[1956,2223,1965,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F83D9CB1F733F87C" authority="(de Winton, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1956,2223,1965,2011]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Xenogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naso">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F83D9CB1F733F87C" box="[1956,2223,1965,2011]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Xenogale naso</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA1C9CF1F6D6F7A5" box="[1413,2378,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA1C9CF1F6D6F7A5" blockId="2.[1412,2379,1965,2054]" box="[1413,2378,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FA1C9CF1F6D6F7A5" box="[1413,2378,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA1C9CF1FA4EF7A5" bold="true" box="[1413,1490,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88FA459CF1F925F7A5" box="[1500,1721,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mangouste a long nez</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F9549CF1F8B5F7A5" bold="true" box="[1741,1833,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88F8AB9CF1F791F7A5" box="[1842,2061,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Langnasenichneumon</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F7BA9CF1F7E2F7A5" bold="true" box="[2083,2174,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88F7119CF1F6D6F7A5" box="[2184,2378,2029,2050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mangosta hocicuda</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88F8759328F7A9F7DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88F8759328F7A9F7DE" blockId="2.[2027,2614,2100,2522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F8759328F71BF7F6" bold="true" box="[2028,2183,2100,2129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F73C9328F7ACF7DE" ID-CoL="3L2WH" authority="de Winton, 1901" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naso">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F73C9328F6F1F7F6" box="[2213,2413,2100,2129]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes naso</emphasis>
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de Winton, 1901
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88F7C89340F714F707" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88F7C89340F714F707" blockId="2.[2027,2614,2100,2522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<materialsCitation id="2CFE3CF8FFCEFF88F7C89340F714F707" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699972320" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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“
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F7C49340F76DF7DE" box="[2141,2289,2140,2169]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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River, West Africa”,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F874939FF718F707" box="[2029,2180,2179,2208]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88F87493BAF93CF58F" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88F87493BAF93CF58F" blockId="2.[2027,2614,2100,2522]" lastBlockId="2.[1410,2612,2528,3269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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Has been previously placed in
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F65A93BAF5AAF760" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[2499,2614,2214,2247]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F65A93BAF5AAF760" box="[2499,2614,2214,2247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and in
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F7F193CAF745F748" box="[2152,2265,2262,2287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Xenogale</emphasis>
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, but recent molecular studies have shown that it is more closely related to the Marsh Mongoose (
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F67C9200F71BF6C2" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paludinosus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F67C9200F71BF6C2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Atilax paludinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) than to
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F68C9258F615F6C2" box="[2325,2441,2372,2405]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F68C9258F615F6C2" box="[2325,2441,2372,2405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp., and is here placed in the genus
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F6C49276F653F62C" box="[2397,2511,2410,2443]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Xenogale</emphasis>
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. Three subspecies have been described:
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F651928AF59EF614" box="[2504,2562,2454,2483]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">naso</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F58E928AF7FFF67D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">almodovari</emphasis>
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, and
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F72A92DDF6BAF67D" box="[2227,2342,2497,2522]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">microdon</emphasis>
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, but a morphometric study has shown that none can be distinguished on the basis of cranial or external features. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA1A912BF8D8F5D1" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C8E9662DFFCEFF88FA1A912BF8D8F5D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5676643/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" targetBox="[1412,1996,2107,2517]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA1A912BF8D8F5D1" blockId="2.[1410,2612,2528,3269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA1A912BF9AFF5F7" bold="true" box="[1411,1587,2615,2640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F9F3912BF94EF5F7" box="[1642,1746,2615,2640]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F978912BF8E4F5F7" box="[1761,1912,2615,2640]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F811912BF779F5F7" box="[1928,2277,2615,2640]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F76C912BF66BF5F7" box="[2293,2551,2615,2640]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F59F912BFA27F5D1" name="Gabon" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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, PR
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FA649149F9C7F5D1" box="[1533,1627,2645,2678]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Congo</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F9329149F8DCF5D1" box="[1707,1856,2645,2678]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF89FA1A919EFE32FE13" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF89FA1A919EFE32FE13" blockId="2.[1410,2612,2528,3269]" lastBlockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA1A919EF91EF538" bold="true" box="[1411,1666,2690,2719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 43-60.
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<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88F80B919EF84AF538" box="[1938,2006,2690,2719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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(males), 40-58 cm (females), tail 32—42-5 cm (males), 32-42.
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<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88F90191B5F941F561" box="[1688,1757,2729,2758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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(females), hindfoot 9-6—11-2 cm (males), 8:-5-11.
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<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88F62A91B5F66BF561" box="[2483,2551,2729,2758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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(females), ear 2.5-4 cm (males), 3.3-8 cm (females); weight 1-9—4-5 kg (males), 2.3-4 kg (females). A large dark-colored mongoose, with a long muzzle and nose. The long, rough dorsal pelage is brownish-black, speckled with yellow or orange; the hairs have dark and light rings, giving a grizzled aspect, but the overall appearance of the body color is black. The dorsal hairs are 50-60 mm long; the underfur is grayish-brown to orange-brown. The ventral pelage is sparser and paler. The head is grayish and more grizzled than the body; the muzzle is long with a black rhinarium. The eyes have a very dark brown iris, and the ears are round, broad, and low set. The tail is tapered and has long black hairs. The foreand hindlimbs are deep brown to black. The feet have five digits, long claws, and are partly webbed; the soles are hairy up to the pads. The skull is long and fairly narrow; the egg-shaped braincase terminates posteriorly in a broad, flange-like supra-occipital crest. In mature specimens there is a distinct sagittal crest. The rostrum is relatively longer and broader than that of the Egyptian Mongoose, and the inter-orbital breadth is relatively wider in the Long-nosed Mongoose. Dental formula: 13/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. There is a posterior-lingual cusp on P,, a long talonid on M, and a large M? and M,.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C8E9662DFFCEFF88FF12963CFD61F221" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6347111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6347111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6347111/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" startId="2.[139,169,3360,3385]" targetBox="[13,2796,16,3637]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF12963CFD61F221" blockId="2.[137,2583,3360,3466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
On following pages: 3. Small Indian Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FD02963CFC2CF29E" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[667,944,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD02963CFC97F29E" box="[667,779,3360,3385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes</emphasis>
|
||
auropunctatus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 4. Short-tailed Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FB72963CFA40F29E" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1259,1500,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herpestes brachyurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 5. Indian Gray Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F88F963CF86BF29E" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1814,2039,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F88F963CF86BF29E" box="[1814,2039,3360,3385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 6 Indian Brown Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F6D9963CF59DF29E" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[2368,2561,3360,3385]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herpestes fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 7. Egyptian Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FE089650FD1FF2C6" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[401,643,3404,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FE089650FD9DF2C6" box="[401,513,3404,3425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes</emphasis>
|
||
ichneumon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 8. Javan Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FC199650FBC1F2C6" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[896,1117,3404,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
Herpestes
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FC6E9650FBC1F2C6" box="[1015,1117,3404,3425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">javanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 9. Collared Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FAED9650F916F2C6" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1396,1674,3404,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
Herpestes
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA749650F916F2C6" box="[1517,1674,3404,3425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">semitorquatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 10. Ruddy Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F8059650F7C0F2C6" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1948,2140,3404,3425]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F8059650F790F2C6" box="[1948,2060,3404,3425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes</emphasis>
|
||
smithii
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 11. Crab-eating Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88F63C9650FF5CF221" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F63C9650FF25F221" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes urva</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 12. Stripe-necked Mongoose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FD829671FD6FF221" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[539,755,3437,3462]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herpestes vitticollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCFFF89FF599AA2FE06FDDE" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCFFF89FF599AA2FE06FDDE" blockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FF599AA2FEB2FE7C" bold="true" box="[192,302,446,475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Found in forests near swamps, streams, and streambeds. A radio-tracking study in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FEEA9AFDFD48FDA5" box="[371,724,481,514]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
showed that this species spent most ofits time in upland mixed-species forest; stream habitat was very important and they generally avoided stands of open understorey “molapa” forest (
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FC31992CFB6CFDF6" box="[936,1264,560,593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Gilbertiodendron dewevrer</emphasis>
|
||
). Recorded up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="8A90FD2CFFCFFF89FEA69940FE06FDDE" box="[319,410,604,633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCFFF89FEA69940FE0BFDDE" box="[319,407,604,633]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCFFF89FF599962FD9BFB60" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCFFF89FF599962FD9BFB60" blockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FF599962FE5BFD38" bold="true" box="[192,455,638,671]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The diet is mainly arthropods and small mammals. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FA939962FE2DFD60" name="Central African Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the frequency of occurrence of food items in 346 scats was: beetles (72%), orthopterans (68%), mammals (52%, including 23% rodents, 19% shrews, 6% ungulates, 5% porcupines, 0-9% pangolins, 0-6% primates, 0-3% bats, and 0-3% Hyraxes), termites (41%), ants (20%), millipedes (17%), fruits (8%), frogs and toads (8%), snakes (8%), birds (7%), butterflies and moths (5%), lizards and skinks (4%), spiders, scorpions and larvae (4%), bees and wasps (2%), crustaceans (0-6%), and fish (0:3%). Mammal prey greater than
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCFFF89FD5D988EFD63FC14" box="[708,767,914,947]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="kg" value="5.0">5 kg</quantity>
|
||
was rarely taken; Blue Duikers (
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FB56988EFEA1FC7D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Philantomba monticola</emphasis>
|
||
) were the most common large prey found in scats. Fluctuations in rodent availability had no effect on the occurrence of shrews in the diet. Among eight coexisting carnivores in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FDAA9F14FC04FB8E" box="[563,920,1032,1065]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Long-nosed Mongooses had the second highest niche breadth. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FD0C9F33FD62FBF7" box="[661,766,1071,1104]" name="Nigeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two stomachs contained a centipede, a snail, and some remains offruits and berries. Long-nosed Mongooses are said to carry snails to a particular spot and to break them by throwing them backwards with the forepaws against a tree or a rock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCFFF89FF269FD1FECEFA7D" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCFFF89FF269FD1FECEFA7D" blockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FF269FD1FE37FB49" bold="true" box="[191,427,1229,1262]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Diurnal. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FD019FD1FC60FB49" box="[664,1020,1229,1262]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, radio-collared individuals were active 74% of the time during the day (06:00-18:00 h) and active 17% of the time at night (18:00-06:00 h). Movement peaks occurred at midday (12:00 h), with smaller peaks at 08:00 h and 15:00 h. The location of nocturnal resting sites varied from day to day. One specimen was found within a hollow log. There is no evidence of latrineuse; however, scats are occasionally found in the same spot where one had been found previously.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCFFF89FF589EF8FB12F961" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCFFF89FF589EF8FB12F961" blockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FF589EF8FC14F9A6" bold="true" box="[193,904,1508,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Terrestrial and solitary, but sometimes observed in pairs. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FDF79D1BFC51F98F" box="[622,973,1543,1576]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the home ranges of
|
||
<specimenCount id="8A90FD2CFFCFFF89FB6A9D1BFAEFF98F" box="[1267,1395,1543,1576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males were 0-93 and 0-12 km? and 0-71 km? for a sub-adult male. The home range for an adult female was
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCFFF89FD829D4AFDFEF9D0" box="[539,610,1622,1655]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
? and 0-24 km? for a sub-adult female. A male followed over 24 hours travelled
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCFFF89FD909D61FDF1F939" box="[521,621,1661,1694]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.324" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="2324.0">2324 m</quantity>
|
||
and covered 71% ofits home range during this period. Another male moved
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCFFF89FE6C9DB9FDC1F961" box="[501,605,1701,1734]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6049999999999995" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="4605.0">4605 m</quantity>
|
||
, but visited only 29% ofits home range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCFFF89FF5B9DD0FD64F8C4" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCFFF89FF5B9DD0FD64F8C4" blockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FF5B9DD0FEDBF94A" bold="true" box="[194,327,1740,1773]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
A litter of three has been reported. A twoto three-month-old juvenile was found in mid-March in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FD929DEFFDE8F8B3" box="[523,628,1779,1812]" name="Nigeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="8A90FD2CFFCFFF89FD5B9DEFFCF0F8B3" box="[706,876,1779,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="juvenile">one juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
West African specimen was collected at the end of May. The young reach adultsize at around seven months of age and permanent dentition is attained at one year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCFFF89FF5B9C71FA80F78F" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCFFF89FF5B9C71FA80F78F" blockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FF5B9C71FDBAF82D" bold="true" box="[194,550,1901,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern in
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FC639C71FB64F82D" box="[1018,1272,1901,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">The IUCN Red List</emphasis>
|
||
. May be threatened by forest loss and fragmentation. This species is hunted for food in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FAB29C8DFE89F87E" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FEC69CA4FE5AF87E" box="[351,454,1976,2009]" name="Nigeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and may be rare in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FC809CA4FCF4F87E" box="[793,872,1976,2009]" name="Niger" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
Delta. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCFFF89FBB49CA4FF78F7A7" name="Central African Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it appeared to be the most abundant carnivore species in the Dzanga-Sangha forest reserve. Field surveys, ecological studies, and assessments of threats are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCFFF89FF5A9326FC7CF739" pageId="3" pageNumber="308" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCFFF89FF5A9326FC7CF739" blockId="3.[190,1396,284,2211]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCFFF89FF5A9326FEC1F7E8" bold="true" box="[195,349,2106,2127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Angelici, Luiselli & Politano (1999), Angelici, Luiselli, Politano & Akani (1999), Colyn &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFCFFF89FAD59326FAEEF7E8" box="[1356,1394,2106,2127]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rompaey (1994b), Perez et al. (2006), Ray (1995, 1997, 1998), Ray & Sunquist (2001), Rosevear (1974),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFCFFF89FAD59342FAEEF7D0" box="[1356,1394,2142,2167]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="3" pageNumber="308">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rompaey & Powell (1999), Veron, Colyn et al. (2004), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |