349 lines
37 KiB
XML
349 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="2BEAD18F94EF5D6A3D63BCDD727C6D56" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B91E5FA633DB0CFDBD2360A2EC8B2915">
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<mods:title id="619EC694EB8A09B1E03D6DDD0E3B6E31">Herpestidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9577BAF94077A221D1A939750DF6ABE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC1730294158FAFE99DB234B0F6FADD1">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="DFC23900F9FE8A92BEE043A166E3DA1D">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="B8493FC76CE832C9F6333F24EABF733D" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BBB0EB14571F6B80A9437166F84D09F1">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="180F9D3D40C3259985CB4D992C0C201F">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EFB51E2FA72499634EAC4080A972B7D5">
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<mods:title id="FA3439E910ECF694019B66895629B85E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4E72FD80FB054CB515D5A145594F6F3B">
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<treatment id="143F87B3FFCEFF88FF0A9AE6F6C0F907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698431" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:143F87B3FFCEFF88FF0A9AE6F6C0F907" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/143F87B3FFCEFF88FF0A9AE6F6C0F907" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FF0A9AE6FF2CFD8F" box="[147,176,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF0A9AE6FF2CFD8F" blockId="2.[141,1029,506,634]" box="[147,176,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FF0A9AE6FF2CFD8F" box="[147,176,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<figureCitation id="04AD2A20FFCEFF88FF0A9AE6FF2CFD8F" box="[147,176,506,552]" captionStart="Plate 17: Herpestidae" captionStartId="2.[139,169,3360,3385]" captionTargetBox="[13,2796,16,3637]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Marsh Mongoose (Atilax paludinosus), 2. Long-nosed Mongoose (Xenogale naso), 3. Small Indian Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus), 4. Short-tailed Mongoose (Herpestes brachyurus), 5. Indian Gray Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), 6. Indian Brown Mongoose (Herpestes fuscus), 7. Egyptian Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), 8. Javan Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), 9. Collared Mongoose (Herpestes semitorquatus), 10. Ruddy Mongoose (Herpestes smith), 11. Crab-eating Mongoose (Herpestes urva), 12. Stripe-necked Mongoose (Herpestes vitticollis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6347111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6347111/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">1.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FF589AE6FDB4FD8F" box="[193,552,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF589AE6FDB4FD8F" blockId="2.[141,1029,506,634]" box="[193,552,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FF589AE6FDB4FD8F" box="[193,552,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88FF589AE6FDB4FD8F" box="[193,552,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF589AE6FDB4FD8F" bold="true" box="[193,552,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Marsh Mongoose</emphasis>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FDAE9AE6FC03FD8F" box="[567,927,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FDAE9AE6FC03FD8F" blockId="2.[141,1029,506,634]" box="[567,927,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FDAE9AE6FC03FD8F" box="[567,927,506,552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FDAE9AE6FC03FD8F" ID-CoL="353L" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1826" box="[567,927,506,552]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FDAE9AE6FC03FD8F" box="[567,927,506,552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Atilax paludinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FF169927FDA1FDD0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF169927FB98FDF7" blockId="2.[141,1029,506,634]" box="[143,1028,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FF169927FB98FDF7" box="[143,1028,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF169927FF40FDF7" bold="true" box="[143,220,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88FF7F9927FE56FDF7" box="[230,458,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mangouste des marais</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FE469927FDA6FDF7" bold="true" box="[479,570,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88FDDA9927FD74FDF7" box="[579,744,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Sumpfmanguste</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD679927FCC4FDF7" bold="true" box="[766,856,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88FCFA9927FB98FDF7" box="[867,1028,571,592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mangosta negra</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF16997EFDA1FDD0" blockId="2.[141,1029,506,634]" box="[143,573,610,631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFCEFF88FF16997EFDA1FDD0" box="[143,573,610,631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF16997EFE19FDD0" bold="true" box="[143,389,610,631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFCEFF88FE17997EFDA1FDD0" box="[398,573,610,631]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Water Mongoose</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FD6F99B9FCA3FD4A" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FD6F99B9FCA3FD4A" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD6F99B9FC0DFD61" bold="true" box="[758,913,677,710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FC3199B9FCA7FD4A" authority="Cuvier, 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paludinosus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FC3199B9FB57FD61" box="[936,1227,677,710]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Herpestes paludinosus</emphasis>
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Cuvier, 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FCD299D0FAB2FD4A" box="[843,1326,716,749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FCD299D0FAB2FD4A" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" box="[843,1326,716,749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<materialsCitation id="2CFE3CF8FFCEFF88FCD299D0FAB2FD4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699972307" box="[843,1326,716,749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFCEFF88FCD299D0FC0DFD4A" box="[843,913,716,749]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Cape</collectingRegion>
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of Good Hope,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FBE099D0FAB6FD4A" box="[1145,1322,716,749]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FD6F99E4FB3AFCB2" box="[758,1190,760,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FD6F99E4FB3AFCB2" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" box="[758,1190,760,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Ten subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FD6F9807FB10FA9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C8E9662DFFCEFF88FD6F9807FB10FA9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5676641/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" targetBox="[141,730,687,1100]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FD6F9807FB1CFC9B" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" box="[758,1152,795,828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD6F9807FB1CFC9B" bold="true" box="[758,1152,795,828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Subspecies and distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FD6F985EFCD3FC2D" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FD6F985EFB3DFCC4" authority="Cuvier, 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[758,1185,834,867]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="paludinosus">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD6F985EFC7FFCC4" box="[758,995,834,867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. paludinosus</emphasis>
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Cuvier, 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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— S
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FB75985EFCD0FC2D" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FD6F988DFB1DFBA6" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FD6F988DFB30FC15" authority="JA. Allen, 1924" authorityName="JA. Allen" authorityYear="1924" box="[758,1196,913,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="macrodon">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD6F988DFC5CFC15" box="[758,960,913,946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. macrodon</emphasis>
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JA. Allen, 1924
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FB4E988DFC7BFC7E" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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through
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FBE198A4FB49FC7E" box="[1144,1237,952,985]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Congo</collectingCountry>
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republics to
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FCC998FCFC23FBA6" box="[848,959,992,1025]" name="Rwanda" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FB9F98FCFBE2FBA6" box="[1030,1150,992,1025]" name="Burundi" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FD6C9F1BFB7BFB8F" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" box="[757,1255,1031,1064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FD6C9F1BFBDBFB8F" authority="Thomas, 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[757,1095,1031,1064]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="mutis">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD6C9F1BFCE7FB8F" box="[757,891,1031,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. mutis</emphasis>
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||
Thomas, 1902
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FBF39F1BFB7FFB8F" box="[1130,1251,1031,1064]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FD6C9F2BFAB4FBF7" blockId="2.[757,1343,677,1104]" box="[757,1320,1079,1104]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FD6C9F2BFBF5FBF7" authority="Thomas, 1912" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1912" box="[757,1129,1079,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="mordax">
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||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FD6C9F2BFC01FBF7" box="[757,925,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. mordax</emphasis>
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||
Thomas, 1912
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</taxonomicName>
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— S
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FB3D9F2BFAB8FBF7" box="[1188,1316,1079,1104]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF149F49FCADFBD1" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" box="[141,817,1109,1142]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FF149F49FD9AFBD1" authority="Temminck, 1853" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[141,518,1109,1142]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="pluto">
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||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF149F49FE8AFBD1" box="[141,278,1109,1142]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. pluto</emphasis>
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||
Temminck, 1853
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FDB09F49FD09FBD1" box="[553,661,1109,1142]" name="Senegal" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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||
to
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FD5D9F49FCB1FBD1" box="[708,813,1109,1142]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF149F60FD77FB3A" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" box="[141,747,1148,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FF149F60FE4BFB3A" authority="Gray, 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" box="[141,471,1148,1181]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF149F60FEA2FB3A" box="[141,318,1148,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
Gray, 1865
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FE639F60FDD8FB3A" box="[506,580,1148,1181]" name="Chad" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FD149F60FD7BFB3A" box="[653,743,1148,1181]" name="Sudan" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF149FB1FA98FB61" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" box="[141,1284,1197,1222]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FF149FB1FD4CFB61" authority="Thomas & Wroughton, 1908" authorityName="Thomas & Wroughton" authorityYear="1908" box="[141,720,1197,1222]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="rubellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF149FB1FEA5FB61" box="[141,313,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. rubellus</emphasis>
|
||
Thomas & Wroughton, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FD6A9FB1FCCAFB61" box="[755,854,1197,1222]" name="Malawi" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FCFF9FB1FB83FB61" box="[870,1055,1197,1222]" name="Mozambique" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FBF79FB1FA9CFB61" box="[1134,1280,1197,1222]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF149FC8FB94FB4A" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" box="[141,1032,1236,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FF149FC8FD87FB4A" authority="Hollister, 1912" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[141,539,1236,1261]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="rubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF149FC8FED6FB4A" box="[141,330,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. rubescens</emphasis>
|
||
Hollister, 1912
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FDC69FC8FD43FB4A" box="[607,735,1236,1261]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FD769FC8FCDAFB4A" box="[751,838,1236,1261]" name="Kenya" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FC0D9FC8FB99FB4A" box="[916,1029,1236,1261]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF149FEFFCFFFAB3" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" box="[141,867,1267,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FF149FEFFD89FAB3" authority="Cabrera, 1921" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1921" box="[141,533,1267,1300]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="spadiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF149FEFFED0FAB3" box="[141,332,1267,1300]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. spadiceus</emphasis>
|
||
Cabrera, 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FDA29FEFFD53FAB3" box="[571,719,1267,1300]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FD669FEFFCC3FAB3" box="[767,863,1267,1300]" name="Gabon" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF149E06FB10FA9C" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" box="[141,1164,1306,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FF149E06FDCDFA9C" authority="Roberts, 1933" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1933" box="[141,593,1306,1339]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="paludinosus" subSpecies="transvaalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF149E06FE16FA9C" box="[141,394,1306,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">A. p. transvaalensis</emphasis>
|
||
Roberts, 1933
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FD0C9E06FCDFFA9C" box="[661,835,1306,1339]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FCE99E06FC49FA9C" box="[880,981,1306,1339]" name="Angola" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FB849E06FB14FA9C" box="[1053,1160,1306,1339]" name="Zambia" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FF149E5AFC04F764" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF149E5AFC04F764" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF149E5AFE10FAC4" bold="true" box="[141,396,1350,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 51:
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FDE99E5AFD21FAC4" box="[624,701,1350,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
(males), 48-7 cm (females), tail 31-41 cm (males), 33-40 cm (females), hindfoot 11-11.
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FC8E9E6EFCC1FA2C" box="[791,861,1394,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(males), 10.7-11.
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FBC69E6EFB38FA2C" box="[1119,1188,1394,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
(females), ear 3.4-5 cm (males), 3.2-3.
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FDB89E88FDFBFA16" box="[545,615,1428,1457]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
(females); weight 2.9-4 kg (males), 2:4—4-1 kg (females). Females are slightly smaller than males. The pelage is shaggy, grizzled dark reddish-brown to black, with white, red, or russet annulations on the guard hairs. The guard hairs are 3.2-5 cm long, longest at the rump; the underfur is 1.5-2.
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FB3C9D1AFB70F980" box="[1189,1260,1542,1575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. Relatively broad head, small eyes with horizontal pupils, and broad, round ears. Hair long and thick in front of ears, protecting inner ear from water, but short around the mouth. A slit down the black rhinarium divides upper lip. Relatively long body with short legs. Tail approximately 66% of head-body length. The five-toes on each foot are unwebbed, enabling toes to spread. Feet have soft, naked pads and short, curved, non-retractible claws. Longest foreclaw about
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FC109DEEFC77F8B4" box="[905,1003,1778,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Hindfoot claws shorter and less curved. Plantar surfaces naked. There are two to three pairs of mammae. Convex baculum in male (c.
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FD829C5DFDE3F8C5" box="[539,639,1857,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adults). Cheek glands present. Broad skull:
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA859C5DFF67F82E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">zygomatic</emphasis>
|
||
breadth less than 50% condylobasal length. Supraoccipital crest is flange-like and meets well-developed sagittal crest (up to
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FC889C8CFCC3F816" box="[785,863,1936,1969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
high) to form T-shape. Brain case pear-shaped. Marked post-orbital constriction. Eye sockets small relative to skull length (20% of condylobasal length). Relatively short rostrum. Broad lowerjaw. Posterior ear bullae more prominent than anterior. Dental formula: 1 3/3, C 1/1, P 3-4/3-4, M 2/2 = 36-40. Upper jaw incisors larger than lower, outer incisors larger than inner for both jaws. Carnassials adapted to crushing rather than slicing. Heavy canines, upper possess blade-like processes on front and back, lower curved. Sharp canines and stout premolars and carnassials adapted to crushing shellfish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FF1293D6FAB6F6C6" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF1293D6FAB6F6C6" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF1293D6FF65F74C" bold="true" box="[139,249,2250,2283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Coincident with riparian habitats, such as swampy and streambed areas. In Dzanga-Sangha forest,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FE5393EEFCBCF6B4" box="[458,800,2290,2323]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,restricted to swamp forest adjacent to streams. Also occurs in estuarine and marine habitats, as well as freshwater areas. Ranges farther from watercourses during dry periods. Found from sea level up to
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88FB26925CFABBF6C6" box="[1215,1319,2368,2401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FF139274FAA5F3D3" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF139274FAA5F3D3" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF139274FE0FF62E" bold="true" box="[138,403,2408,2441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Opportunistic, with diet dependent upon prey availability. Marsh Mongooses are sympatric with Spotted-necked and African Clawless otters and there is some overlap in diet, but this species is less dependent upon aquatic prey. Prey composition differs between areas. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FDA292C2FD76F658" box="[571,746,2526,2559]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the most frequent food
|
||
<typeStatus id="432D8807FFCEFF88FBDC92C2FB15F658" box="[1093,1161,2526,2559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">types</typeStatus>
|
||
eaten varied across seven regions, but overall the frequency of prey
|
||
<typeStatus id="432D8807FFCEFF88FC0F9116FC46F580" box="[918,986,2570,2599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(as percentage composition in scats) was: Crustacea (23%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FDE4912DFD42F5E9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[637,734,2609,2638]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Insecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FCCB912DFC7AF5E9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[850,998,2609,2638]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13%), Amphibia (9%), Mollusca (8%), and Aves (8%). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FD1A9144FC88F5D2" box="[643,788,2648,2677]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, food
|
||
<typeStatus id="432D8807FFCEFF88FCEA9144FC2BF5D2" box="[883,951,2648,2677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(as percentage of stomach contents) were: Amphibia (29%), Crustacea (24%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FCFF919CFC66F53A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[870,1018,2688,2717]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FBF6919CFB4DF53A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1135,1233,2688,2717]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Insecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(19%), and Pisces (5%). In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FE7091BEFCD1F564" box="[489,845,2722,2755]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the most abundant prey
|
||
<typeStatus id="432D8807FFCEFF88FB5A91BEFA9BF564" box="[1219,1287,2722,2755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(as frequency of occurrence in scats) from a rainforest study were:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FBA991D6FB57F54C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1072,1227,2762,2795]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(86%), Amphibia (82%), Orthoptera (74%), and Crustacea (67%). Marsh Mongooses forage alongside or in shallow water. They are excellent swimmers, but do not swim readily. They reach into cracks, mud, and rocks with their forelimbs to search for prey, and stand up and use their forelimbs to throw hard-shelled prey items, e.g. crabs or mussels, downwards against rocks. Some prey, e.g. crabs, snakes, and large rodents, are seized in the jaws and flicked sideways prior to being given a killing bite. Small crabs are eaten whole; larger crabs are turned upside down, the foreclaws are bitten off, the meat eaten, and the carapace discarded. Upturned carapaces on riversides indicate the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFCEFF88FF679733FED1F3EB" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1826" box="[254,333,3119,3148]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Atilax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF679733FED1F3EB" box="[254,333,3119,3148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Atilax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(otters normally crunch up the crab carapace). Marsh Mongooses are extremely dexterous compared to other herpestids. They occasionally prey on poultry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FF119762F63BFE29" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FF119762F63BFE29" blockId="2.[136,1343,1109,3266]" lastBlockId="2.[1412,2621,290,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FF119762FEEAF33C" bold="true" box="[136,374,3198,3227]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Crepuscular and nocturnal. Two studies, both in Natal (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FB2A9762FF58F365" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
), produced conflicting results: one found them to forage mostly in the early morning and late afternoon, whereas the other (using telemetry) found them to be nocturnal. A telemetry study in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F97C9A59F7DEFEC1" box="[1765,2114,325,358]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
found males to be crepuscular. Day beds are located on relatively high areas surrounded by deep mud or water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA1E9A88F972FC7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA1E9A88F972FC7C" blockId="2.[1412,2621,290,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA1E9A88F7DBFE12" bold="true" box="[1415,2119,404,437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Solitary, although occasionally two are seen together. Home range sizes are generally linear in shape, due to fidelity to watercourses. One radio-collared adult male in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F7C19AFFF629FDA3" box="[2136,2485,483,516]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
travelled up and down a stream around
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFCEFF88F8D79916F809FD8C" box="[1870,1941,522,555]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
in length; its home range was estimated at 54 ha. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88FA71992DF907FDF5" box="[1512,1691,561,594]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the home range of a male was 131 ha and that of a female was 204 ha. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFCEFF88F9A59945F800FDDD" box="[1596,1948,601,634]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
study showed that the male could spend up to seven days without visiting the edges ofhis territory, and documented a mean traveling speed of 21-4 m/s. Marsh Mongooses defaecate in latrines in exposed, open areas alongside streams. They may be territorial, communicating with conspecifics through sound, scent marking (with urine and anal and cheek glands), and with behavioral displays. Scats and anal gland secretions may be used in individual discrimination among adults; the response to marks made by the same and the opposite sex differ. May eject strong-smelling anal fluid when stressed. A variety of vocalizations have been noted, including bark-growl threats, excitement bleats, and moan/bleat vocalizations (which may fulfill a contact role).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA1F98FAF9DCFAB1" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA1F98FAF9DCFAB1" blockId="2.[1412,2621,290,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA1F98FAF990FBA4" bold="true" box="[1414,1548,998,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In southern Africa, breeding is seasonal and occurs in the summer. Mating takes place from as early as August through to February. There is no evidence of a breeding season in West Africa. In captivity, estrus lasts approximately nine days, gestation is 69-80 days, litter size is two to three (mean ofsix litters: 2-5), and birth weight ranges from 78-125 g. Sex ratio at birth is unbiased. The young are born blind and softly furred (black). The eyes open at 9-14 days, and the young are weaned at 30-60 days. Two females in the wild carried one and two fetuses. Longevity in captivity is just over 19 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA1F9E3DF75EFA7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA1F9E3DF75EFA7C" blockId="2.[1412,2621,290,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA1F9E3DF97BFA99" bold="true" box="[1414,1767,1313,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFCEFF88F96C9E3DF8B5FA99" box="[1781,1833,1313,1342]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
CITES listed. Classified as Least Concern in
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88F62C9E3DFA68FAC2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">The IUCN Red List</emphasis>
|
||
. Pesticides have been found in scats, but not at dangerous concentrations. Widespread and relatively common and therefore unlikely to become threatened in the near future. However, continued destruction and conversion of swamplands to arable land is a concern. Also commonly occurs as bushmeat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFCEFF88FA1F9EF6F6C0F907" pageId="2" pageNumber="307" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFCEFF88FA1F9EF6F6C0F907" blockId="2.[1412,2621,290,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFCEFF88FA1F9EF6F9BCF9A4" bold="true" box="[1414,1568,1514,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="307">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Angelici (2000), Avenant & Nel (1997), Baker (1988a, 1988b, 1988c, 1989, 1992a, 1992b, 1998), Baker & Meester (1986), Baker & Ray (In press), Estes (1991), Kingdon (1971-1982, 1997), Louw & Nel (1986), Maddock & Perrin (1993), Markotter et al. (2006), Mason & Rowe-Rowe (1992), Nowak (1999), Purves et al. (1994), Ray (1997), Ray & Sunquist (2001), Rowe-Rowe (1978a), Rowe-Rowe & Somers (1998), Skinner & Chimimba (2005), Somers & Purves (1996), Whitfield & Blaber (1980), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |