367 lines
36 KiB
XML
367 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="78B63285C611D44F97EF23644F657116" ID-CLB-Dataset="3637" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5676639" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23dac009-8dc4-4021-a812-5f9db538c89c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676639" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633548419167" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="143F87B3FFC1FF84FA259EE2FBF5F6B2" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Herpestidae_0262.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Bdeogale crassicauda Peters 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="319" masterDocId="E806FFCBFFCCFF8AFF999B1CFF9CFFA7" masterDocTitle="Herpestidae" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1700280137702" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="6A5C4309981D80B1DE4624C09AF5E763" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A3CBB2CD8724957C8F42E9275B69061">
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<mods:title id="9FEDCF7E3C70B7014117C7AA216FC792">Herpestidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4F191EF7C6CEC3DFF4AACB40352380A4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="775EFA389A6D654D1B2AA18A0F1E7376">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="18B9C9E7036F906239AAB3D8177ED001" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="59CF29BD974CA6C6E8FBC67BAF81E824">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7C3F7E3B580519E3195EC4AB354E3A9D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5F2513200EBEEA4400AAF902ADD62112">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="6CDF516B5A7F184AA9E66C423309F5E8">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="A7A344F86CBD3747ABE0087F1E1B6002" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="E46AB26BD301B770B89879BA537A254C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="A74D145E6328879F4CC91343301C0956">
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<mods:placeTerm id="C944E22494556B9F3BC2F2D08800F2EC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A8A341DDF270A420408BDE1F56BBF47C">
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<mods:title id="27AE0C4EF554D0882E7157D2D7E590A1">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3FF2A842AEABCE6D00CEC4006891223D">
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<mods:extent id="555A728A5FB83BEA72155814D53004F4" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="20333EE02E970B0FF2899CF0017937E4">262</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="1AE7C82A32BFC4397B398BADDCDFE822" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="143F87B3FFC1FF84FA259EE2FBF5F6B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698467" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698467" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:143F87B3FFC1FF84FA259EE2FBF5F6B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/143F87B3FFC1FF84FA259EE2FBF5F6B2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87FA259EE2FA68F98B" box="[1468,1524,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FA259EE2FA68F98B" blockId="13.[1466,2533,1534,1622]" box="[1468,1524,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC1FF87FA259EE2FA68F98B" box="[1468,1524,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<figureCitation id="04AD2A20FFC1FF87FA259EE2FA68F98B" box="[1468,1524,1534,1580]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[156,186,3367,3392]" captionTargetBox="[12,2797,17,3639]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 15. Somalian Slender Mongoose (Galerella ochracea); 16. Cape Gray Mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta); 17. Common Slender Mongoose (Galerella sanguinea); 18. White-tailed Mongoose (/chneumia albicauda); 19. Selous's Mongoose (Paracynictis selous)); 20. Bushy-tailed Mongoose (Bdeogale crassicauda); 21. Jackson's Mongoose (Bdeogale jackson); 22. Black-footed Mongoose (Bdeogale nigripes); 23. Meller’s Mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6347113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6347113/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">20.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87F99C9EE2F87BF98B" box="[1541,2023,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F99C9EE2F87BF98B" blockId="13.[1466,2533,1534,1622]" box="[1541,2023,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC1FF87F99C9EE2F87BF98B" box="[1541,2023,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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||
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC1FF87F99C9EE2F87BF98B" box="[1541,2023,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F99C9EE2F87BF98B" bold="true" box="[1541,2023,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Bushy-tailed Mongoose</emphasis>
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</vernacularName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87F86F9EE2F61DF98B" box="[2038,2433,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F86F9EE2F61DF98B" blockId="13.[1466,2533,1534,1622]" box="[2038,2433,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC1FF87F86F9EE2F61DF98B" box="[2038,2433,1534,1580]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87F86F9EE2F61DF98B" ID-CoL="68FLW" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1850" box="[2038,2433,1534,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F86F9EE2F61DF98B" box="[2038,2433,1534,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Bdeogale crassicauda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87FA229D21F678F9F5" box="[1467,2532,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FA229D21F678F9F5" blockId="13.[1466,2533,1534,1622]" box="[1467,2532,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<heading id="C76181C9FFC1FF87FA229D21F678F9F5" box="[1467,2532,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FA229D21F99BF9F5" bold="true" box="[1467,1543,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC1FF87F9889D21F8B4F9F5" box="[1553,1832,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Mangouste a queue touffue</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F8A49D21F804F9F5" bold="true" box="[1853,1944,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC1FF87F83B9D21F700F9F5" box="[1954,2204,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Buschschwanzmanguste</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F7289D21F690F9F5" bold="true" box="[2225,2316,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="1295468BFFC1FF87F68F9D21F678F9F5" box="[2326,2532,1597,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Mangosta coligruesa</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87F7B89D9BF7F6F960" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F7B89D9BF7F6F960" blockId="13.[2081,2668,1671,2089]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F7B89D9BF727F907" bold="true" box="[2081,2235,1671,1696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87F7409D9BF7FAF960" ID-CoL="68FLW" authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicauda">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F7409D9BF668F907" box="[2265,2548,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Bdeogale crassicauda</emphasis>
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Peters, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87F7EF9DB2F639F960" box="[2166,2469,1710,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F7EF9DB2F639F960" blockId="13.[2081,2668,1671,2089]" box="[2166,2469,1710,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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||
<materialsCitation id="2CFE3CF8FFC1FF87F7EF9DB2F639F960" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699972313" box="[2166,2469,1710,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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“Tette”,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F77E9DB2F63DF960" box="[2279,2465,1710,1735]" name="Mozambique" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87F7BB9DCDF5DCF89A" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F7BB9DCDF5DCF89A" blockId="13.[2081,2668,1671,2089]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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Some authors consider the Sokoke Bushytailed Mongoose
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87F6969DE5F655F8B1" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1913" box="[2319,2505,1785,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="omnivora">
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race
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F6CA9DE5F655F8B1" box="[2387,2505,1785,1814]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">omnivora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a distinct species. Five subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87F7BB9C58F6A5F76F" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C8E9662DFFC1FF87F7BB9C58F6A5F76F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5676681/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" targetBox="[1468,2054,1671,2082]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F7BB9C58F62DF8C2" blockId="13.[2081,2668,1671,2089]" box="[2082,2481,1860,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F7BB9C58F62DF8C2" bold="true" box="[2082,2481,1860,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F7BB9C6FF71CF87B" blockId="13.[2081,2668,1671,2089]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87F7BB9C6FF637F82B" authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2082,2475,1907,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="crassicauda">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F7BB9C6FF765F82B" box="[2082,2297,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">B. c. crassicauda</emphasis>
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Peters, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F6569C6FF5F8F82B" box="[2511,2660,1907,1932]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F7BB9C8AF719F814" box="[2082,2181,1942,1971]" name="Malawi" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F7029C8AF6C8F814" box="[2203,2388,1942,1971]" name="Mozambique" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F6F39C8AF648F814" box="[2410,2516,1942,1971]" name="Zambia" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F5B49C8AF7E0F87B" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87F7BA9CFDF766F78E" blockId="13.[2081,2668,1671,2089]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87F7BA9CFDF668F7A5" authority="Sale & Taylor, 1970" authorityName="Sale & Taylor" authorityYear="1970" box="[2083,2548,2017,2050]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="nigrescens">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87F7BA9CFDF77EF7A5" box="[2083,2274,2017,2050]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">B. c. nigrescens</emphasis>
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Sale & Taylor, 1970
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F58E9CFDF5F0F7A5" box="[2583,2668,2017,2050]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(Lukenya Hill).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FA259328F590F7F6" blockId="13.[1466,2671,2100,3466]" box="[1468,2572,2100,2129]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87FA259328F8BBF7F6" authority="Heller, 1913" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1913" box="[1468,1831,2100,2129]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="omnivora">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FA259328F9E9F7F6" box="[1468,1653,2100,2129]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">B. c. omnivora</emphasis>
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Heller, 1913
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</taxonomicName>
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— coastal forests of
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F7A09328F712F7F6" box="[2105,2190,2100,2129]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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and extreme NE
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F6119328F594F7F6" box="[2440,2568,2100,2129]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FA259340F776F7DE" blockId="13.[1466,2671,2100,3466]" box="[1468,2282,2140,2169]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87FA259340F96EF7DE" authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[1468,1778,2140,2169]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="puisa">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FA259340F9DFF7DE" box="[1468,1603,2140,2169]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">B. c. puisa</emphasis>
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||
Peters, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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— NE
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F8D29340F79DF7DE" box="[1867,2049,2140,2169]" name="Mozambique" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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and E
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<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F7FF9340F77AF7DE" box="[2150,2278,2140,2169]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FA25939FF6A0F707" blockId="13.[1466,2671,2100,3466]" box="[1468,2364,2179,2208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
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<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC1FF87FA25939FF87DF707" authority="Thomas & Wroughton, 1908" authorityName="Thomas & Wroughton" authorityYear="1908" box="[1468,2017,2179,2208]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Bdeogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crassicauda" subSpecies="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FA25939FF9D5F707" box="[1468,1609,2179,2208]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">B. c. tenuis</emphasis>
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Thomas & Wroughton, 1908
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F79A939FF71DF707" box="[2051,2177,2179,2208]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F70E939FF68FF707" box="[2199,2323,2179,2208]" name="Tanzania" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FA2393B3F6A5F76F" blockId="13.[1466,2671,2100,3466]" box="[1466,2361,2223,2248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
|
||
A few recent records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC1FF87F8B693B3F80EF76F" box="[1839,1938,2223,2248]" name="Yemen" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but these need confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC1FF87FA2293CAF8F1F22D" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC1FF87FA2293CAF8F1F22D" blockId="13.[1466,2671,2100,3466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC1FF87FA2293CAF929F748" bold="true" box="[1467,1717,2262,2287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="318">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 40-50 cm,tail 18-30 cm, hindfoot 7.9-4 cm, ear 2.3-9 cm; weight 1-:3.2-1 kg. A medium-sized dark mongoose, with a bushy tail (about 60% of the head and body length). The head and body are yellowish-brown or dark brown, with a grizzled appearance due to the white rings on the guard hairs; in some parts of its range this speckled appearance is not present. The guard hairs are
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC1FF87F6289277F59EF62B" box="[2481,2562,2411,2444]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the forehead; they increase in length towards the rump, where they reach about
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC1FF87F59B928EF5FAF614" box="[2562,2662,2450,2483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The underparts are sparsely haired, and the hairs are not annulated, except under the throat, and to a lesser extent, on the belly. The underfur is dense and grayish-buff; in some specimens,it tends to show through the guard hairs, particularly on the flanks, which gives a paler gray appearance to these parts. The muzzle is blunt, with a large rhinarium divided by a naked median groove that continues downward and divides the upperlip. The ears are short and wide and the eyes have a horizontal pupil with a grayish-brown iris. The tail is covered with long dark hairs (up to
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC1FF87F6C591B9F658F561" box="[2396,2500,2725,2758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The limbs are black or dark brown. The foreand hindfeet have four digits; the hallux and pollex are missing. The digits have stout, curved claws, which on the forefoot are 8-9 mm long and usually show considerable wear; on the hindfoot they measure up to 10-11 mm. The hindfeet have hairs up to the back of the plantar pads; the forefeet have a short naked section behind the pads. There are two pairs of teats and the baculum in the male is
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC1FF87F9FA908DF95EF415" box="[1635,1730,2961,2994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The skull is elongated, with the zygomatic width 50% of the total length. The braincase is ovoid and broadest at the level of the jaw articulation;it narrows to the postorbital constriction, which averages 85% of the inter-orbital width. The post-orbital bar is never complete. The rostrum is long (31% of the length of the skull), but the nasal bones are well behind the incisors. The supra-occipital crest is welldeveloped, reaching
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC1FF87F97D974AF8AFF3D0" box="[1764,1843,3158,3191]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="318" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adults. The sagittal crest is high at the back of the braincase and the zygomatic arches are heavily built. The anterior chambers of the auditory bullae are not inflated. Dental formula: 1 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. The upper canines are nearly straight, with sharp cutting edges; the lower canines are recurved. The first premolars are small and peg-like, the second premolars have a normal shape, and the third and fourth premolars are broader than in other herpestid species. The two molars are broad and rectangular. The dentition clearly indicates an adaptation to crushing rather than to slicing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC2FF84FF089A3EFA9AFCC2" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC2FF84FF089A3EFA9AFCC2" blockId="14.[138,1347,290,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF089A3EFF63FE98" bold="true" box="[145,255,290,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Wooded grasslands,
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FDBF9A3EFDE0FE98" box="[550,636,290,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FD589A3EFCC1FE98" box="[705,861,290,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Brachystegia</emphasis>
|
||
woodlands, montane and bamboo forests, coral-rag thicket, and groundwater forests. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FC1A9A55FC46FEC1" box="[899,986,329,358]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is recorded at the base of hills with rocky outcrops and boulders, where the vegetation is grassland with scattered shrubs and trees (especially
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FDE19A8FFD52FE13" box="[632,718,403,436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FCD59A8FFBFBFE13" box="[844,1127,403,436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Commiphora africana</emphasis>
|
||
), and also rambling herbs on the hillsides (
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FDAA9AA7FCCAFE7B" box="[563,854,443,476]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Cissus quadrangularis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FCF29AA7FB90FE7B" box="[875,1036,443,476]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Sarcostemma</emphasis>
|
||
spp., and
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FB3C9AA7FB7BFE7B" box="[1189,1255,443,476]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Ficus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.). Along the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts, the Bushy-tailed Mongoose is found in thick rainforest; in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FECB9912FE35FD8C" box="[338,425,526,555]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, one individual was observed approximately
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC2FF84FBB09912FBE3FD8C" box="[1065,1151,526,555]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
from the forest edge, along a dirt road, between a large open grassland area (with bush and small patches of forest) and a plantation of pine (
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FC839940FC7FFDDE" box="[794,995,604,633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Pinus caribaea</emphasis>
|
||
). Also found in lowland forest (between 300 and
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC2FF84FE749998FDDDFD06" box="[493,577,644,673]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
|
||
) and montane forest (up to
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC2FF84FC4E9998FBA0FD06" box="[983,1084,644,673]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850 m</quantity>
|
||
) in the Udzungwa Mountains (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FEA299B3FE5DFD6F" box="[315,449,687,712]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FE6699B3FD2CFD6F" box="[511,688,687,712]" name="Mozambique" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it occurs on the floodplains of the lower Shire and Pungwe Rivers, where on the drier, raised areas, there is an association of
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FB7599CAFADEFD48" box="[1260,1346,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
woodland. In NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FE1499E9FD83FCB1" box="[397,543,757,790]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is found on granite koppies up to
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC2FF84FBAF99E9FB01FCB1" box="[1078,1181,757,790]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
, and in the eastern regions, on the fringes of lowland forest at
|
||
<specimenCount id="8A90FD2CFFC2FF84FCF29839FC5BFC99" box="[875,967,805,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFC2FF84FCF29839FC5FFC99" box="[875,963,805,830]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FC669839FB15FC99" box="[1023,1161,805,830]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it occurs in
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF099858FEB1FCC2" box="[144,301,836,869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Brachystegia</emphasis>
|
||
woodland, low-elevation riverine associations, and mopane woodland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC2FF84FF169877FB88FA7D" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC2FF84FF169877FB88FA7D" blockId="14.[138,1347,290,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF169877FE02FC2B" bold="true" box="[143,414,875,908]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Appears to be predominately insectivorous, but also eats other invertebrates, small mammals, and reptiles. In seven stomach contents from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FB799887FF5BFC7C" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the frequency of occurrence of food items was: 86% insects (termites,
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FB3C98DEFF76FBA5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Macrotermes falciger</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FE9A98F5FD91FBA5" box="[259,525,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Odontotermes badius</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FDBE98F5FCE7FBA5" box="[551,891,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Trinervitermes rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
, Orthoptera, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC2FF84FB1798F5FAACFBA5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1166,1328,1001,1026]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 57% reptiles (variable skink
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FDA89F14FD77FB8E" box="[561,747,1032,1065]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Mabuya varia</emphasis>
|
||
, Kirk's rock agama
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FB889F14FB20FB8E" box="[1041,1212,1032,1065]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Agama kirkii</emphasis>
|
||
, and the brown house snake
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FE3D9F2CFD4EFBF6" box="[420,722,1072,1105]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Lamprophisfuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||
), 29% amphibians (red toad
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FBF19F2CFA99FBF6" box="[1128,1285,1072,1105]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Bufo careens</emphasis>
|
||
, the striped toad
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FEDD9F47FEC5FBDF" box="[324,345,1115,1144]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FEF09F47FE52FBDF" box="[361,462,1115,1144]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
, Bocage’s burrowing frog
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FCDF9F47FBBFFBDF" box="[838,1059,1115,1144]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Leptopelis bocagui</emphasis>
|
||
, the savanna ridged frog
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF489F63FD8DFB07" box="[209,529,1151,1184]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Ptychadenda superciliaris</emphasis>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FD0B9F63FCD4FB07" box="[658,840,1151,1184]" name="Mozambique" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
ridged frog
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FC619F63FB95FB07" box="[1016,1033,1151,1184]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FB809F63FB31FB07" box="[1049,1197,1151,1184]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">mossanbica</emphasis>
|
||
), 29% murids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC2FF84FF4E9FBAFE15FB60" box="[215,393,1190,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mastomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF4E9FBAFECBFB60" box="[215,343,1190,1223]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Mastomys</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 29% millipedes, 14% spiders (baboon spider
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FBBE9FBAFB28FB60" box="[1063,1204,1190,1223]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Harpactira</emphasis>
|
||
sp.), 14% scorpions, 14% gastropods (
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FD859FD2FCA3FB48" box="[540,831,1230,1263]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Laevicaulis natalensis</emphasis>
|
||
), and 14% grass. Other reports have stated that this species feeds on insects, particularly ants and termites, and that the diet includes caterpillars, crickets, grasshoppers, beetles, dragonflies, and spiders. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FF169E58FF7AFAC2" box="[143,230,1348,1381]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, an individual was observed foraging on either queen termites or male driver ants (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFC2FF84FF449E73FEE9FA2B" box="[221,373,1391,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dorylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF449E73FEDDFA2B" box="[221,321,1391,1420]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Dorylus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). On
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FE559E73FD34FA2B" box="[460,680,1391,1420]" name="Zanzibar Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Zanzibar Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is said to prey on large land snails, which it smashes against coral outcroppings, stones or tree trunks. Beetle and crab remains have been found in a specimen stomach and scats in East Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC2FF84FF159EFDFCA2F98F" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC2FF84FF159EFDFCA2F98F" blockId="14.[138,1347,290,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF159EFDFEEBF9A5" bold="true" box="[140,375,1505,1538]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Camera-trapping data indicates nocturnal activity. An individual was spotted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FEBD9D17FEE5F98F" box="[292,377,1547,1576]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
walking along a road at 18:50 h.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC2FF84FF179D2CFDDFF9D0" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC2FF84FF179D2CFDDFF9D0" blockId="14.[138,1347,290,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF179D2CFCCDF9F6" bold="true" box="[142,849,1584,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Solitary, although pairs have been photographed by camera-traps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC2FF84FF149D62FEFDF962" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC2FF84FF149D62FEFDF962" blockId="14.[138,1347,290,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF149D62FE8FF938" bold="true" box="[141,275,1662,1695]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FED09D62FE3CF938" box="[329,416,1662,1695]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, newborns and a female with a fetus were recorded in November and December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC2FF84FF179DC9FDF6F7D1" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC2FF84FF179DC9FDF6F7D1" blockId="14.[138,1347,290,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF179DC9FE6EF949" bold="true" box="[142,498,1749,1774]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern in
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FC5F9DC9FB59F949" box="[966,1221,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">The IUCN Red List</emphasis>
|
||
, Sokoke Bushy-tailed Mongoose
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FE709DE8FE62F8B2" box="[489,510,1780,1813]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FD8C9DE8FDBDF8B2" box="[533,545,1780,1813]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">¢</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FDAE9DE8FD32F8B2" box="[567,686,1780,1813]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">omnivora</emphasis>
|
||
is classified as Vulnerable and is considered Threatened in the 1989 IUCN Action Plan for the Conservation of Mustelids and Viverrids.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FE849C5FFEAEF8C3" box="[285,306,1859,1892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FEDD9C5FFECCF8C3" box="[324,336,1859,1892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">c</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FEFA9C5FFE31F8C3" box="[355,429,1859,1892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
has been placed on the list of species that are illegal to hunt on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FF179C76FEF6F82C" box="[142,362,1898,1931]" name="Zanzibar Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Zanzibar Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The Bushy-tailed Mongoose is said to be rare with a patchy distribution; the causes of its rarity are unknown. However, it was the most photographed carnivore species in a camera-trapping survey in the Udzungwa Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FB219CA5FAA4F87D" box="[1208,1336,1977,2010]" name="Tanzania" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFC2FF84FF2F9CFCFE91F7A6" box="[182,269,2016,2049]" name="Kenya" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the population in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest is under threat from habitat loss due to illegal logging, and the Shimba Hills population is potentially under threat from afforestation with non-native pine species. Field surveys, ecological studies, and assessments of threats are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFC2FF84FF14939AFBF5F6B2" pageId="14" pageNumber="319" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFC2FF84FF14939AFBF5F6B2" blockId="14.[138,1347,290,2328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FF14939AFEBBF738" bold="true" box="[141,295,2182,2207]" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen & Loveridge (1927), Al-Safadi (1995), De Luca & Mpunga (2005), Engel &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFC2FF84FB3F939AFB50F738" box="[1190,1228,2182,2207]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rompaey (1995), Goldman & Winther-Hansen (2003), Kingdon (1971-1982), Nader & Al-Safadi (1991), Perez et al. (2006), Pocock (1916b), Sale & Taylor (1970), Schreiber et
|
||
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFC2FF84FD5093C9FD47F749" box="[713,731,2261,2286]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="319">al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989), Simmons (1995), Skinner & Chimimba (2005), Stuart & Stuart (1998), Taylor (1986, 1987, In press a), Williams (1951), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |