381 lines
44 KiB
XML
381 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="43F3D63A0D1EDD93F091F04D5ABB1B64" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.331" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10101756" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630152149307" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Otto, Robert L." docDate="2014" docId="03CFD643FFDE5F6AAD93F338FC03FACF" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-68.2.331.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 68 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.331" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Entomophthalmus rufiolus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FFF6AE3BFFDF5F69AD3FF636FFE1FFD7" masterDocTitle="Eucnemid Larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part IV: Description of the Mature Larva of Entomophthalmus rufiolus (LeConte, 1866) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini), with Notes on its Biology" masterLastPageNumber="335" masterPageNumber="331" pageNumber="332" updateTime="1699617178786" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB748A8ACD0FF5A3A54B9655D9DF8DFA">
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<mods:title id="187517D1EA57E1BBCF37B571011C7E43">Eucnemid Larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part IV: Description of the Mature Larva of Entomophthalmus rufiolus (LeConte, 1866) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirhagini), with Notes on its Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6B236E4DF81F739423A6A05126DCC4F3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9EC485E8DE3848B2D61037387841F6C8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3FDC94C8C023ECA24BB164050EDEEB36">Otto, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="78E8CC0E829BFA1569FA61C5919BF757">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3A06D9C39A0A0997530E23D84DD7360C">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DFB2D3633BD82C1858D4AE951777A6D8">
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<mods:date id="427F623AF46D70D6058E87FCB850DB91">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CCFCC51765AD9A98C15A59691512FF62">2014-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9D1EC8D7331284C118569A518039CC42" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8160FFFA0CAF4B6B7E68810A6114BB30">68</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DECC5F591CD685899E6C1AB230F1F517">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="B8405FBC548F0BFE43DE67ECBB231229" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="5DDF95505614E2FAFAE3B9DF0BB17884">331</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="183A9831B561F6C77F9080DDFC53FD23">335</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="08DEDD40B7ABC033A369846FBC28EF36">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.331</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="92D28943EFE1755EE8B9218169A07A0D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FB0BD1AE1D10BECAEE06A4AC83F1486D" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065x-68.2.331</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D6849679A5A4B7E023117591E985BE8A" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C7B5D0865DF01CE43DF866BDDA1AAD72" type="Zenodo-Dep">10101756</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CFD643FFDE5F6AAD93F338FC03FACF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CFD643FFDE5F6AAD93F338FC03FACF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CFD643FFDE5F6AAD93F338FC03FACF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<subSubSection id="C37C34DEFFDE5F68AD93F338FE21FA8F" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDE5F68AD93F338FE21FA8F" blockId="1.[172,617,1294,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDE5F68AD93F338FD88FAF4" authority="(LeConte, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[172,617,1294,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
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<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68AD93F338FD88FAF4" bold="true" box="[172,617,1294,1315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68AD93F338FE56FAF4" bold="true" box="[172,439,1294,1315]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Entomophthalmus rufiolus</emphasis>
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(LeConte, 1866)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fifth instar (
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<figureCitation id="135D7BD0FFDE5F68AC62F375FE59FA8F" box="[349,440,1347,1369]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Figs" captionStartId-0="1.[709,743,1544,1563]" captionStartId-1="2.[197,229,712,731]" captionStartId-2="2.[197,237,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox-0="[723,1066,199,1522]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,593,200,688]" captionTargetBox-2="[207,1145,850,1662]" captionTargetId-0="figure-433@1.[685,1171,175,1535]" captionTargetId-1="figure-152@2.[173,659,183,688]" captionTargetId-2="figure-164@2.[172,1193,850,1663]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Entomophthalmus rufiolus, fifth instar, dorsal view." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Entomophthalmus rufiolus, fifth instar, head, dorsal view." captionText-2="Figs. 3–5. Entomophthalmus rufiolus, fifth instar. 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101758" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101760" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101762" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10101758/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10101760/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10101762/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C34DEFFDE5F68AD90F358FCE5F916" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDE5F68AD90F358FE78FA3A" blockId="1.[151,639,1390,1730]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68AD90F358FEF9FA54" bold="true" box="[175,280,1390,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The dorsal and ventral thoracic scleromes, along with the shape of the areoles, as well as the abdominal microtrichial patches should distinguish this species from
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<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDE5F68ACC0F38BFE74FA3A" authority="(Horn, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Rhagomicrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonvouloiri">
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<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68ACC0F38BFEE7FA3A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Rhagomicrus bonvouloiri</emphasis>
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(Horn, 1886)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDE5F68AD90F3C4FCE5F916" blockId="1.[151,639,1390,1730]" lastBlockId="1.[685,1172,1629,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68AD90F3C4FE71F9D0" bold="true" box="[175,400,1522,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B0E6D08FFDE5F68ACA2F3C4FF13F9A5" collectingDate="1995-04-22" collectorName="S. Sauk City & Robert & Otto" country="United States of America" county="Dane Co." location="Black Hawk Ridge" municipality="Twelve" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Wisconsin">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDFD2FFFDE5F68ACA2F3C4FE03F9D0" box="[413,482,1522,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Twelve</collectingMunicipality>
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larvae collected at
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<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68AD8CF03BFF0CF9F5" bold="true" box="[179,237,1549,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<collectingCountry id="F37127C5FFDE5F68AD8CF03BFF08F9F5" box="[179,233,1549,1570]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDE5F68ADC8F03BFE62F9F5" box="[247,387,1549,1570]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">WISCONSIN</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="62B81FD9FFDE5F68ACAFF03BFE12F9F5" box="[400,499,1549,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Dane Co.</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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<location id="8EB9318EFFDE5F68AF3FF03BFF31F9EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CFD643FFDE5F6AAD93F338FC03FACF:8EB9318EFFDE5F68AF3FF03BFF31F9EA" country="United States of America" county="Dane Co." municipality="Twelve" name="Black Hawk Ridge" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="Wisconsin">Black Hawk Ridge</location>
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,
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<quantity id="4C9ECAB0FFDE5F68ADE4F01EFEECF9EA" box="[219,269,1576,1597]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
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<collectorName id="26930283FFDE5F68AC2CF01EFE6BF9EA" box="[275,394,1576,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">S. Sauk City</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFD84195FFDE5F68ACABF01EFDF8F9EA" box="[404,537,1576,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" value="1995-04-22">
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<collectingDate id="EF9CB87DFFDE5F68ACABF01EFDF8F9EA" box="[404,537,1576,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" value="1995-04-22">22 April 1995</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26930283FFDE5F68AF1AF01EFD82F9EA" box="[549,611,1576,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Robert</collectorName>
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||
L.
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<collectorName id="26930283FFDE5F68ADA8F074FF22F980" box="[151,195,1602,1623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Otto</collectorName>
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||
, collected under bark of fermenting oak log (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60ACDCFFDE5F68AD9EF06BFF0BF9A5" box="[161,234,1629,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E6D08FFDE5F68AC3EF06BFE05F970" collectingDate="2012-10-07" collectorName="Robert L. Otto" country="United States of America" latitude="43.048283" location="Turville Point Preserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-89.37072" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-larva="4" stateProvince="Wisconsin">
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||
<location id="8EB9318EFFDE5F68AC3EF06BFE0CF9A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CFD643FFDE5F6AAD93F338FC03FACF:8EB9318EFFDE5F68AC3EF06BFE0CF9A5" box="[257,493,1629,1650]" country="United States of America" latitude="43.048283" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-89.37072" name="Turville Point Preserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="Wisconsin">Turville Point Preserve</location>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE520192FFDE5F68ACC2F06BFD96F9A5" box="[509,631,1628,1650]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="02.897" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="43.048283">N43°02.897′</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE520192FFDE5F68ADA8F041FEFAF95A" box="[151,283,1655,1677]" degrees="89" direction="west" minutes="22.243" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="-89.37072">W-89°22.243′</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFD84195FFDE5F68AC15F041FE22F95B" box="[298,451,1655,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" value="2012-10-07">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF9CB87DFFDE5F68AC15F041FE22F95B" box="[298,451,1655,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" value="2012-10-07">7 October 2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="26930283FFDE5F68ACF0F041FDBEF95B" box="[463,607,1655,1676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Robert L. Otto</collectorName>
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||
, in rotten
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<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDE5F68ADE0F0A4FED3F970" box="[223,306,1682,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68ADE0F0A4FED3F970" box="[223,306,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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limb (
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<specimenCount id="9D60ACDCFFDE5F68ACBDF0A4FE3FF970" box="[386,478,1682,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE520192FFDE5F68ACCAF0A4FD96F970" box="[501,631,1681,1703]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="03.197" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="43.053284">N43°03.197′</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE520192FFDE5F68ADA8F09AFEFBF915" box="[151,282,1708,1730]" degrees="89" direction="west" minutes="22.887" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" precision="1" value="-89.38145">W-89°22.887′</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFD84195FFDE5F68AC18F09AFE29F916" box="[295,456,1708,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" value="2012-10-11">11 October 2012</date>
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||
, Robert L. Otto, in rotten Basswood limb (
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||
<specimenCount id="9D60ACDCFFDE5F68AE9AF06BFC1EF9A5" box="[933,1023,1629,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="larva">6 larvae</specimenCount>
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||
);
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<materialsCitation id="3B0E6D08FFDE5F68A92BF06BFCE0F916" collectingDate="2007-04-21" collectionCode="T, R" collectorName="Robert L. Otto" country="United States of America" county="Oconto Co." location="Rueckert'" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" specimenCode="T29, R17" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Wisconsin">
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||
<collectingCounty id="62B81FD9FFDE5F68A92BF06BFB71F9A5" box="[1044,1168,1629,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Oconto Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB9318EFFDE5F68AF92F041FCE9F95A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CFD643FFDE5F6AAD93F338FC03FACF:8EB9318EFFDE5F68AF92F041FCE9F95A" box="[685,776,1655,1677]" country="United States of America" county="Oconto Co." name="Rueckert'" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" stateProvince="Wisconsin">Rueckert’</location>
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||
s property,
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||
<specimenCode id="DBC0CF2EFFDE5F68AE4AF041FC7BF95B" box="[885,922,1655,1676]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">T29</specimenCode>
|
||
N
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||
<specimenCode id="DBC0CF2EFFDE5F68AE8BF041FC3BF95B" box="[948,986,1655,1676]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">R17</specimenCode>
|
||
E sec. 16,
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||
<date id="FFD84195FFDE5F68A97CF041FD01F970" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" value="2007-04-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9CB87DFFDE5F68A97CF041FD01F970" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" value="2007-04-21">21 April 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26930283FFDE5F68AFD3F0A4FC61F970" box="[748,896,1682,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Robert L. Otto</collectorName>
|
||
, in white rotten maple limb (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60ACDCFFDE5F68AF88F09AFD1BF916" box="[695,762,1708,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1937DDFFDE5F68AFFAF03EFCFAF9E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10101758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10101758/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" startId="1.[709,743,1544,1563]" targetBox="[723,1066,199,1522]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDE5F68AFFAF03EFCFAF9E4" blockId="1.[685,1172,1544,1587]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68AFFAF03EFCE6F9CC" bold="true" box="[709,775,1544,1563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDE5F68AE23F03EFBF7F9CD" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[796,1046,1544,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDE5F68AE23F03EFBF7F9CD" box="[796,1046,1544,1562]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Entomophthalmus rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fifth instar, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C34DEFFDD5F6AAFE4F6F4FEA1FB79" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDD5F6AAFE4F6F4FEA1FB79" blockId="2.[707,1194,194,754]" lastBlockId="3.[151,639,194,1729]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAFE4F6F4FCB6FF00" bold="true" box="[731,855,194,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Length 10.0–13.0 mm, width 1.00–
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||
<quantity id="4C9ECAB0FFDD5F6BAFC7F6EBFCB3FF25" box="[760,850,221,242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Orthosomatic.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAED5F6EBFBFEFF25" bold="true" box="[1002,1055,221,242]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Body</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7BD0FFDD5F6BA912F6EBFB87FF25" box="[1069,1126,221,242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[709,743,1544,1563]" captionTargetBox="[723,1066,199,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-433@1.[685,1171,175,1535]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Entomophthalmus rufiolus, fifth instar, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10101758/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
): Subcylindrical, parallel-sided, cream-yellow with head, prothoracic sclerome patches, and caudal end of abdominal segment IX dark brown. Setae reduced or absent. Pair of small legs reduced to very short setae near posterolateral areas of each thoracic segment. Dorsal and ventral microtrichial patches slightly darker in color than their surrounding areas.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAFFCF783FD18FE1D" bold="true" box="[707,761,437,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7BD0FFDD5F6BAE38F783FCA5FE1D" box="[775,836,437,458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[197,229,712,731]" captionTargetBox="[227,593,200,688]" captionTargetId="figure-152@2.[173,659,183,688]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Entomophthalmus rufiolus, fifth instar, head, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10101760/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): Strongly flattened, prognathus, and inserted into prothorax. Dorsal cephalic disc subcircular. Slightly elevated median carina present on dorsal cephalic disc. Ventral cephalic disc similar to dorsal side, unmodified. Anterior portion of head capsule heavily sclerotized. Lateral sides of head capsule unsclerotized. Each lateral side of head capsule consists of five projections. Basal lateral projection enlarged. Second through 5th lateral projections directed anterolaterally. Antennae minute, arising between 4th and 5th lateral projections. Scape not visible. Pedicel elongate. Sensorum and flagellum subequal in length. Sensory papillae indistinct. Mandibles minute, resting in mesal acumination of head capsule between 5th lateral projections. Each mandible heavily sclerotized, distinct, oval, longer than wide, bifid. Labial and maxillary palpi extremely small, near indistinct. Ligula, mala, lacinia, and galea absent. Hypostomal rods also absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAC2AF74AFE9DFE46" bold="true" box="[277,380,380,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7BD0FFDC5F6AACB2F74AFE13FE46" box="[397,498,380,401]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[207,1145,850,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-164@2.[172,1193,850,1663]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 3–5. Entomophthalmus rufiolus, fifth instar. 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10101762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): Length subequal to following 2 thoracic segments. Tergum with pair of triangular scleromes with undefined craniad and lateral sides. Trapezoidal microtrichial patch between the scleromes. Small, oval areole present near posterior end, below the microtrichial patch. Ventroanterior aspects consisting of 2 sclerotized bars extending down length of segment, converging toward posterior end. Sternal micrortrichial patch and areole similar to those on tergum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAF01F45DFF38FD4C" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Mesothorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Tergum with elliptical microtrichial patch; 2 short, diverging, sclerotized lines present beneath the patch. Sternum with similar microtrichial patch; horizontal, sclerotized line present beneath patch. Both surfaces with caudally bent, oval areole near base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AADEDF53CFEABFCC8" bold="true" box="[210,330,778,799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metathorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Tergum with elliptical microtrichial patch near anterior end; pair of small, subcircular scleromes present below the patch. Sternum very similar to tergum, except horizontal sclerotized line much shorter. Caudally bent, oval areole present near base of segment.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AACE9F5B9FDDEFC73" bold="true" box="[470,575,911,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Segments I-IX subequal in length and width. Terga I-VIII with large, elliptical microtrichial patch near anterior end and small, oval areole at caudal end of segment. Microtrichial patch and areole on sterna I-VIII similar to those on terga. Tergum IX without patches, sparsely punctate near caudal end. Sternum IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135D7BD0FFDC5F6AAC2BF27FFEB1FB89" box="[276,336,1097,1118]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[207,1145,850,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-164@2.[172,1193,850,1663]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 3–5. Entomophthalmus rufiolus, fifth instar. 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10101762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) heavily sclerotized at caudal half with prominent, semicircular, circumanal asperities. Urogomphi absent on segment IX. Spiracles annular-biforous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1937DDFFDD5F6BADFAF4FEFEF7FD24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10101760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10101760/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" startId="2.[197,229,712,731]" targetBox="[227,593,200,688]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDD5F6BADFAF4FEFEF7FD24" blockId="2.[173,660,712,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BADFAF4FEFEE1FD0C" bold="true" box="[197,256,712,731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDD5F6BAC2AF4FEFE17FD0D" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[277,502,712,730]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAC2AF4FEFE17FD0D" box="[277,502,712,730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Entomophthalmus rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fifth instar, head, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1937DDFFDD5F6BADFAF0A0FD1BF916" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10101762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10101762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10101762/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" startId="2.[197,237,1686,1705]" targetBox="[207,1145,850,1662]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDD5F6BADFAF0A0FD1BF916" blockId="2.[173,1192,1686,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BADFAF0A0FEFEF97E" bold="true" box="[197,287,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Figs. 3–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDD5F6BAC0BF0A0FDF4F97F" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[308,533,1686,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAC0BF0A0FDF4F97F" box="[308,533,1686,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Entomophthalmus rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fifth instar.
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAFBBF0A0FD76F97E" bold="true" box="[644,663,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">3)</emphasis>
|
||
Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAECAF0A0FBE9F97E" bold="true" box="[1013,1032,1686,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">4)</emphasis>
|
||
Head and thoracic regions, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDD5F6BAC51F098FE60F916" bold="true" box="[366,385,1710,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">5)</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C34DEFFDC5F6AAD90F282FE94FA6F" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDC5F6AAD90F282FE94FA6F" blockId="3.[151,639,194,1729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAD90F282FED3FB1E" bold="true" box="[175,306,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAC00F282FD80FB1E" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[319,609,1204,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAC00F282FD80FB1E" box="[319,609,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Entomophthalmus rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37127C5FFDC5F6AAC18F2F8FE9BFB34" box="[295,378,1230,1251]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AACB7F2F8FE3DFB34" box="[392,476,1230,1251]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AACD3F2F8FDDEFB34" box="[492,575,1230,1251]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Québec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAF71F2F8FEE0FB29" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
; and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37127C5FFDC5F6AAC0CF2DFFE87FB29" box="[307,358,1257,1278]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC51F2DFFE27FB29" box="[366,454,1257,1278]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AACEFF2DFFDCAFB29" box="[464,555,1257,1278]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAF0CF2DFFD9BFB29" box="[563,634,1257,1278]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AADA8F335FF08FACF" box="[151,233,1283,1304]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AADC8F335FEA5FACF" box="[247,324,1283,1304]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC6EF335FE7BFACF" box="[337,410,1283,1304]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC98F335FDE9FACF" box="[423,520,1283,1304]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAF29F335FD9BFACF" box="[534,634,1283,1304]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AADA8F328FF3AFAE4" box="[151,219,1310,1331]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AADD4F328FEB0FAE4" box="[235,337,1310,1331]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC5DF328FE1BFAE4" box="[354,506,1310,1331]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAF35F328FD9BFAE4" box="[522,634,1310,1331]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AADA8F30EFF14FA9A" box="[151,245,1336,1357]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC3AF30EFE52FA9A" box="[261,435,1336,1357]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AACFCF30EFDDEFA9A" box="[451,575,1336,1357]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAF70F30EFF29FABF" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AADEAF365FE88FABF" box="[213,361,1363,1384]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC4AF365FE46FABF" box="[373,423,1363,1384]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC8CF365FDD5FABF" box="[435,564,1363,1384]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAF7EF365FD9AFABF" box="[577,635,1363,1384]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AADA8F358FF08FA54" box="[151,233,1390,1411]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC1AF358FE6AFA54" box="[293,395,1390,1411]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF71AA4FFDC5F6AACA3F358FDC0FA54" author="Muona & A revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae & Acta Zoologica Fennica" box="[412,545,1390,1411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref3094" refString="Muona, J. 2000. A revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 212: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="2000">Muona 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF71AA4FFDC5F6AAF10F358FEEEFA4A" author="Webster" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="77 - 91" refId="ref3321" refString="Webster, R. P., J. D. Sweeny, and I. DeMerchant. 2012. New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Eucnemidae. Zookeys 179: 77 - 91." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Webster
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AADA8F3BEFF2EFA4A" box="[151,207,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All specimens used in this study came from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC35F395FE91FA6F" box="[266,368,1443,1464]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C34DEFFDC5F6AAD90F38BFC03FACF" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDC5F6AAD90F38BFBBCFEA0" blockId="3.[151,639,194,1729]" lastBlockId="3.[685,1173,194,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAD90F38BFEE0FA05" bold="true" box="[175,257,1469,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAC31F38BFDD7FA05" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[270,566,1469,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAC31F38BFDD7FA05" box="[270,566,1469,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Entomophthalmus rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an uncommon and widespread species, found largely in eastern North America. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAC94F3C4FDF0F9D0" box="[427,529,1522,1543]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAF25F3C5FD9FF9DF" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[538,638,1523,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAF25F3C5FD9FF9DF" box="[538,638,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">E. rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in a variety of forest systems. I collected adults and larvae in northern dry-mesic forest, northern hardwood swamp, northern mesic forest, northern wet-mesic forest, floodplain forest, oak barrens, oak opening, oak woodland, southern dry-mesic forest, southern hardwood swamp, and southern mesic forest. Other collectors in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAF92F6F4FCF6FF00" box="[685,791,194,215]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
have taken specimens by Malaise traps, as well as purple prism traps (Synergy Semiochemicals,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAE56F6C1FBC3FEDB" box="[873,1058,247,268]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
) deployed throughout
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAE18F724FC73FEF0" box="[807,914,274,295]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF71AA4FFDC5F6AAE9EF724FBD4FEF0" author="Muona & A revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae & Acta Zoologica Fennica" box="[929,1077,274,295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref3094" refString="Muona, J. 2000. A revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 212: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="2000">Muona (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAF92F71AFCFAFE96" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[685,795,300,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAF92F71AFCFAFE96" box="[685,795,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">E. rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was taken only on hickory (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AA969F71AFD2AFE8B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AA969F71AFB72FE96" box="[1110,1171,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Carya</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAFE7F771FCBBFE8B" box="[728,858,327,348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Juglandaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), at blacklight traps, at window trap, and at a Coleman
|
||
<superScript id="7C13CA1DFFDC5F6AAEA8F76AFC45FEBD" attach="left" box="[919,932,348,362]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">®</superScript>
|
||
lantern light trap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDC5F6AAFFAF74AFC0DFD4C" blockId="3.[685,1173,194,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF71AA4FFDC5F6AAFFAF74AFC7EFE46" author="Webster" box="[709,927,380,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="77 - 91" refId="ref3321" refString="Webster, R. P., J. D. Sweeny, and I. DeMerchant. 2012. New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Eucnemidae. Zookeys 179: 77 - 91." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Webster
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAE22F74AFCB5FE46" box="[797,852,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
obtained
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60ACDCFFDC5F6AA937F74AFB97FE46" box="[1032,1142,380,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" type="adult">four adults</specimenCount>
|
||
in various forest systems in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAE91F7A1FBADFE7B" box="[942,1100,407,428]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
during July and August. All specimens were collected from Lindgren funnel traps. The beetles were taken in an old silver maple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAEDEF7D0FB75FE2C" box="[993,1172,486,507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAEDEF7D0FB75FE2C" box="[993,1172,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acer saccharinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAFECF437FCD6FDC1" box="[723,823,513,534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aceraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Aceraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) swamp, an old red oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AA97AF437FD04FDE6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AA97AF437FD04FDE6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Quercus rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAE28F42DFC92FDE7" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[791,883,539,560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) forest with scattered white pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAFDAF400FC87FD9C" box="[741,870,566,587]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAFDAF400FC87FD9C" box="[741,870,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAEB1F400FC07FD9C" box="[910,998,566,587]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a red spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAF8AF467FC6CFDB1" authority="Sargent" authorityName="Sargent" box="[693,909,593,614]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAF8AF467FCD9FDB1" box="[693,824,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Picea rubens</emphasis>
|
||
Sargent
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAEA5F467FC13FDB1" box="[922,1010,593,614]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) forest with red maple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAFC2F45DFC61FD57" box="[765,896,619,640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAFC2F45DFC61FD57" box="[765,896,619,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acer rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) and balsam fir (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AA962F45DFCE9FD4C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AA962F45DFCE9FD4C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Abies balsamea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Miller;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAEB5F4B0FC03FD4C" box="[906,994,646,667]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD96755FFDC5F6AAFFAF496FC03FACF" blockId="3.[685,1173,194,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
During my collections, all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAEE0F496FBADFD62" baseAuthorityName="LECONTE" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[991,1100,672,693]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Entomophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAEE0F496FBADFD62" box="[991,1100,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">E. rufiolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae were extracted exclusively from maples, oaks, or basswoods in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2A9B7FFDC5F6AAE04F4E3FC41FD3D" box="[827,928,725,746]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
during 1995, 2007, and 2012. All extracted larvae were found in drier, firm, hard sections of white rotten tree limbs with little moisture, except on one occasion when a single specimen was collected in a moist, white rotten oak log. Larvae were positioned parallel with the grain of the sapwood and burrowing between layers of wood fibers, leaving no galleries behind them. Their unique head capsule is useful as a wedge, allowing the larva to move through the sapwood. Mature larvae were observed constructing pupal chambers approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C9ECAB0FFDC5F6AA972F5CCFB72FBD8" box="[1101,1171,1018,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
beneath the bark layer. Larvae assumed a U-shaped position as they molted to the pupa in the chamber. Fourteen adults emerged during 2013 from wood pieces collected at a wooded preserve in Madison the previous fall. The forest was a southern mesic forest dominated with basswood along with oaks, maples, and walnut (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AAE52F282FC0DFB1E" box="[877,1004,1204,1225]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912BB47FFDC5F6AAE52F282FC0DFB1E" box="[877,1004,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Juglans nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C661CD6FFDC5F6AA92DF282FB6CFB1E" box="[1042,1165,1204,1225]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Juglandaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as associates. Behaviors were not recorded nor were attempts to breed specimens to obtain further information on the species’ life cycle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |