1061 lines
126 KiB
XML
1061 lines
126 KiB
XML
<document id="270398EEC68A3ABFAC0196AAB54BA0EA" ID-CLB-Dataset="8323" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4920.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="28ab6753-b1b2-4df5-a311-ab4f57bb81e3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4531467" ID-ZooBank="012C6FB7-39EE-4231-A286-DD215BAB6BF9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612249306048" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Patterson, Geoff B. & Hitchmough, Rodney A." docDate="2021" docId="03C88781FFCBBB52FF5E67244C41FB35" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4920.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4920 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oligosoma kahurangi Patterson & Hitchmough 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="506" masterDocId="FFF1FFF9FFCEBB59FFC966034E43FFDC" masterDocTitle="A new alpine skink species (Scincidae: Eugongylinae: Oligosoma) from Kahurangi National Park, New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="508" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="500" updateTime="1698926461622" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="792AA493EB4AF148606ED02C6A592374" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5CFC6FD9D07518BBE6FB220023243EB5">
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<mods:title id="5FB9D532B2388BD2D2B41F60CA649F01">A new alpine skink species (Scincidae: Eugongylinae: Oligosoma) from Kahurangi National Park, New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="CEEBFA8287F3A3C48127EAC1A8DE0426" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="21AC542FDC602AF3121D35DD2A5AA62A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="01DBDC8FA7B3E41B1B834A149B91D9A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9490CE5164E5ED5623678DDC15EE1E38">Patterson, Geoff B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8051BE85ACE51E8D7D372E0DB37DDDC1">149 Mairangi Road, Wilton, Wellington, New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B6D609579B7A231CE2B1CC3972668754" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="376B22BC22F176C10420556EE4C35D20">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D62982933CEE9E2B56E56F01E6BD40A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="93AD91F29809EBB89C5A39481A31050E">Hitchmough, Rodney A.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="37F435B4FAFFE132F69A8266D4595378">Department of Conservation, Wellington 6143, New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B287507A1794C7A0E3B7E5837F27F97C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3D8D0D20475CDBDF5E2F4149458AB78A">
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<mods:title id="1A1E39B2BF27777C60A5A515B57FF965">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C4643A9E84A5226CE03D885614D1ED95">
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<mods:date id="EBDA3C8A52C74E2E0AB59D9E7A88EC3B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AA6104C29E089D669439F6288F1EB1C8" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="534813C0891A792993A5FFE8914F4F6A">2021-02-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="FCDC123807288DF13F9DE41A9975C035" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="17DA7B3038ECBB808A579EF26461D18C">4920</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C73E83EAA3405B54AD47DB5B53FEA969" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B248D8985705E166F11B57D221251986">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5084F75F35494292A8B48F6910AA3EC9">495</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="03E474771937EB6CF4E0BE78E8FA1097">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="22F37B58839C36ADF6F0ACF7917DC3A2" type="CLB-Dataset">8323</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0E862B65A6B7A5FA5F436D176404F547" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4920.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F87FCFF5B66CD77F85AB054A2742C731" type="GBIF-Dataset">28ab6753-b1b2-4df5-a311-ab4f57bb81e3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84DA356BDC3B5B937DD43E95A91F6A93" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="14153BC6CAA8AFCAF4CA0616C23A3CC3" type="Zenodo-Dep">4531467</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B86F4BDA9D38885661B3EEB656206FE6" type="ZooBank">012C6FB7-39EE-4231-A286-DD215BAB6BF9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C88781FFCBBB52FF5E67244C41FB35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531856" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177318258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4531856" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C88781FFCBBB52FF5E67244C41FB35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C88781FFCBBB52FF5E67244C41FB35" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
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<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFCBBB5CFF5E67244C46FE9D" box="[151,517,295,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFCBBB5CFF5E67244C46FE9D" blockId="5.[151,517,295,358]" box="[151,517,295,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<heading id="D09681FBFFCBBB5CFF5E67244C46FE9D" bold="true" box="[151,517,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF5E67244C46FE9D" bold="true" box="[151,517,295,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFF5E67244FE3FE9E" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,416,295,322]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF5E67244FE3FE9E" bold="true" box="[151,416,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">Oligosoma kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFE6E67244C46FE9D" box="[423,517,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFCBBB5CFF5E67484F5FFEBA" box="[151,284,331,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFCBBB5CFF5E67484F5FFEBA" blockId="5.[151,517,295,358]" box="[151,284,331,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A12FFCBBB5CFF5E67484F41FEB9" box="[151,258,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,2019,2043]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1995]" captionTargetId="figure-369@5.[151,1436,1137,1995]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of O. kahurangi sp. nov. when alive." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531475/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A12FFCBBB5CFEC767484F5FFEBA" box="[270,284,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,1002,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-423@6.[159,1429,993,1952]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of O. kahurangi sp. nov. in Te Papa Tongarewa, National Museum of New Zealand collection. (photo: Jean-Claude Stahl)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531477/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFCBBB5CFF5E67904D63FDC5" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFCBBB5CFF5E67904FE7FE0D" blockId="5.[151,1437,403,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B093CCAFFCBBB5CFF5E67904FE7FE0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033804301" accessionNumber="RE008602" collectingDate="2019-11-25" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="A. Milne" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.083332" location="Douglas Range" longLatPrecision="1158" longitude="172.58333" municipality="South Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF5E67904F48FE71" bold="true" box="[151,267,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA8835FFCBBB5CFF5E67904F45FE71" box="[151,262,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED70AE52FFCBBB5CFEDA67974F26FE72" box="[275,357,404,430]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE008602 (adult male)
|
||
<location id="8EBE604CFFCBBB5CFDB467904D6FFE72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C88781FFCBBB52FF5E67244C41FB35:8EBE604CFFCBBB5CFDB467904D6FFE72" box="[637,812,403,430]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.083332" longLatPrecision="1158" longitude="172.58333" municipality="South Island" name="Douglas Range" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">Douglas Range</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACEDFFCBBB5CFCF167904D8BFE71" box="[824,968,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">South Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFCBBB5CFC1C67974A2CFE71" box="[981,1135,403,430]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE555050FFCBBB5CFBB267904A9DFE72" box="[1147,1246,403,430]" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" precision="925" value="-41.083332">41º 05’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE555050FFCBBB5CFB2267904B1CFE72" box="[1259,1375,403,430]" degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" precision="925" value="172.58333">172º 35’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26945341FFCBBB5CFF5E67B44EBCFE0D" box="[151,255,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">A. Milne</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDF1057FFCBBB5CFEC367B44FE2FE0D" box="[266,417,439,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" value="2019-11-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9BE9BFFFCBBB5CFEC367B44FE2FE0D" box="[266,417,439,466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" value="2019-11-25">25 Nov 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFCBBB5CFF0E67D84D63FDC5" blockId="5.[151,1437,403,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF0E67D84FBFFE29" bold="true" box="[199,508,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA8835FFCBBB5CFF0E67D84F7CFE29" box="[199,319,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D67FD1EFFCBBB5CFE9C67D84FACFE29" box="[341,495,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B093CCAFFCBBB5CFDC367DF4B7BFE29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033804302" accessionNumber="RE008604" box="[522,1336,475,502]" collectingDate="2019-11-25" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="A. Milne" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.083332" location="Douglas Range" longLatPrecision="1158" longitude="172.58333" municipality="South Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED70AE52FFCBBB5CFDC367DF4C1FFE2A" box="[522,604,476,502]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE008604 (adult female); same collection data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B093CCAFFCBBB5CFA8367DF4D5EFDC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033804303" accessionNumber="RE008603" collectingDate="2019-11-25" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="A. Milne" country="New Zealand" latitude="-41.083332" location="Douglas Range" longLatPrecision="1158" longitude="172.58333" municipality="South Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED70AE52FFCBBB5CFA8367DF4BDFFE2A" box="[1354,1436,476,502]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE008603 (adult male); same collection data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFCBBB5CFF0E64204EABFB86" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFCBBB5CFF0E64204DB5FC16" blockId="5.[151,1437,403,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF0E64204F01FDE1" bold="true" box="[199,322,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFE8364274FA3FDE1" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[330,480,547,574]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFE8364274FA3FDE1" box="[330,480,547,574]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFE2164204C00FDE1" bold="true" box="[488,579,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFE2164204C00FDE1" box="[488,579,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFB6E64204B61FDE1" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1857" box="[1191,1314,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFB6E64204B61FDE1" box="[1191,1314,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a combination of characters. These are: (a) interrupted subocular scale row; (b) unmarked cream ventral surface; (c) ITL>1.5 SVL; (d) MS>35; (e) clearly visible pale iris; (f) brown ground colour. It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFB02646F4E83FD76" authority="Patterson" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFB02646F4B0FFD59" box="[1227,1356,619,646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
Patterson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFF0564934C53FD75" authority="Whitaker et al." authorityName="Whitaker" box="[204,528,655,682]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF0564934F22FD75" box="[204,353,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
Whitaker
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFE1164934C53FD75" box="[472,528,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFD8464934DBFFD76" authority="(Patterson & Daugherty)" baseAuthorityName="Patterson & Daugherty" box="[589,1020,655,682]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFD8464934C9FFD75" box="[589,732,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
(Patterson & Daugherty)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFB6264934B6FFD75" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1195,1324,655,682]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFB6264934B6FFD75" box="[1195,1324,655,682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a median dorsal stripe which is either intact or broken (this is usually absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFBC364B74AC8FD11" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1034,1163,691,718]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFBC364B74AC8FD11" box="[1034,1163,691,718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and where present has a herring-bone appearance not seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFDF164DB4C8DFD2D" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[568,718,727,754]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFDF164DB4C8DFD2D" box="[568,718,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFD1C64D44D73FD2D" bold="true" box="[725,816,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFD1C64D44D73FD2D" box="[725,816,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). There is no overlap in MS between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFB1464DB4B30FD2D" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1245,1395,727,754]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFB1464DB4B30FD2D" box="[1245,1395,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFAB264D44E8BFCC9" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFAB264D44E8BFCC9" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(36–38) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFEAD64FF4FA4FCC9" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[356,487,763,790]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFEAD64FF4FA4FCC9" box="[356,487,763,790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(40–44) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFD4B64FF4D5AFCC9" box="[642,793,763,790]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFD4B64FF4D5AFCC9" box="[642,793,763,790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(40–43). Although very few individuals of each species have been observed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFE4C65234C58FCE5" box="[389,539,799,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFE4C65234C58FCE5" box="[389,539,799,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a more robust animal than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFC3965234AC5FCE5" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1008,1158,799,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFC3965234AC5FCE5" box="[1008,1158,799,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A12FFCBBB5CFB5F651C4B41FCE5" box="[1174,1282,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,2019,2043]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1137,1995]" captionTargetId="figure-369@5.[151,1436,1137,1995]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of O. kahurangi sp. nov. when alive." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531475/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A12FFCBBB5CFAF365234B0AFCE6" box="[1338,1353,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,777,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-295@10.[156,1431,777,1733]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. O. hoparatea. (photo: Marieke Lettink)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531481/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is substantially larger (maximum observed SVL is
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFCBBB5CFD7265404D49FC82" box="[699,778,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="91.0">91 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFCE665474D86FC81" box="[815,965,835,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFCE665474D86FC81" box="[815,965,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared with
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFCBBB5CFBB465404AA2FC82" box="[1149,1249,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.99" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" unit="mm" value="69.9">69.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFACF65474BDFFC81" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1286,1436,835,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFACF65474BDFFC81" box="[1286,1436,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF5E65644EB3FC5D" bold="true" box="[151,240,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFF5E65644EB3FC5D" box="[151,240,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; this equates to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFE6D656B4C7BFC5D" box="[420,568,871,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFE6D656B4C7BFC5D" box="[420,568,871,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being almost double the body mass of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFC23656B4A3CFC5D" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1002,1151,871,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFC23656B4A3CFC5D" box="[1002,1151,871,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFB4C65644A9AFC5D" bold="true" box="[1157,1241,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFB4C65644A9AFC5D" box="[1157,1241,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFF5E658F4F6BFC79" box="[151,296,908,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF5E658F4F6BFC79" box="[151,296,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dorsal surface is 8 scale rows wide (
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFCBBB5CFD3365884D64FC79" box="[762,807,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFCE6658F4D83FC79" box="[815,960,908,934]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFCE6658F4D83FC79" box="[815,960,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the digits and tail are proportionally longer relative to SVL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFE7C65B34C09FC15" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[437,586,943,970]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFE7C65B34C09FC15" box="[437,586,943,970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFD9865AC4CE8FC15" bold="true" box="[593,683,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFD9865AC4CE8FC15" box="[593,683,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFCA965B34DACFC15" box="[864,1007,944,970]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFCA965B34DACFC15" box="[864,1007,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. maccanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFCBBB5CFF0E65D74EABFB86" blockId="5.[151,1437,403,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFF0E65D74F1CFC31" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,351,979,1006]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF0E65D74F1CFC31" box="[199,351,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFEA165D04F87FC31" bold="true" box="[360,452,979,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFEA165D04F87FC31" box="[360,452,979,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is found in high alpine (above
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFCBBB5CFCF865D04DC3FC31" box="[817,896,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400m</quantity>
|
||
) slate rock scree in a mountainous region with high rainfall and appears absent from nearby greywacke screes, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFC0065FB4A09FBCD" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[969,1098,1015,1042]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFC0065FB4A09FBCD" box="[969,1098,1015,1042]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies greywacke river terraces and screes at a wide range of altitudes in semi-arid inland basins in the rain-shadow of the South Island axial ranges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E661FFFCBBB5CFF5E61E04CB7F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531475" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4531475" box="[151,756,2019,2043]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531475/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" startId="5.[151,250,2019,2043]" targetBox="[151,1436,1137,1995]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFCBBB5CFF5E61E04CB7F827" blockId="5.[151,756,2019,2043]" box="[151,756,2019,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFF5E61E04F50F827" bold="true" box="[151,275,2019,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFCBBB5CFE5061E04C63F827" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[409,544,2019,2043]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFE5061E04C63F827" box="[409,544,2019,2043]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFCBBB5CFDEE61E04C34F827" bold="true" box="[551,631,2019,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFCBBB5CFDEE61E04C34F827" box="[551,631,2019,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="500" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
when alive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFC8BB5EFF0E66954FB2FBE9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="502" pageId="6" pageNumber="501" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC8BB5FFF0E66954F40FEC1" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC8BB5FFF0E66954FAEFF6D" bold="true" box="[199,493,150,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA8835FFC8BB5FFEB066944FABFF6D" box="[377,488,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Habit lacertiform, body elongate, oval in cross-section; limbs well developed, pentadactyl. Lower eyelid with a transparent palpebral disc, bordered on sides and below by small, oblong granules. Snout moderately blunt. Nostril centred in lower middle of nasal, not touching bottom edge of nasal, pointing up and back.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC8BB5FFF0E67244B68FC15" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">
|
||
Supranasals absent; rostral broader than deep, contacts rostral, anterior loreals, prefrontals and frontal; frontonasal wider than deep, contacts rostral, anterior loreals, prefrontals and frontal, narrow contact with frontal; frontal longer than broad, similar length to frontoparietal and interparietal together, in contact with 2 anteriormost supraoculars; supraoculars 4, 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFE7E67914F84FE7C" attach="left" box="[439,455,402,416]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">nd</superScript>
|
||
largest; preoculars, 2, lower one larger; frontoparietals distinct, larger than the interparietal; a pair of parietals meeting behind interparietal and bordered posteriorly by a pair of nuchals and temporals, also in contact with interparietal, frontoparietal, 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFD7267D94C8BFE34" attach="left" box="[699,712,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
supraocular, 2 postoculars, 1 temporal and 1 nuchal scale; loreals 2, posterior the larger; anterior loreal divided and in contact with 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFC4967FC4DC8FDD1" attach="left" box="[896,907,511,525]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">st</superScript>
|
||
and 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFC0667FD4D9CFDD0" attach="left" box="[975,991,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">nd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, posterior loreal, prefrontal, frontonasal, and nasal; posterior loreal in contact with 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFD3664214D4CFDEC" attach="left" box="[767,783,546,560]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFC9B64214D23FDEC" attach="left" box="[850,864,546,560]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">rd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFC3564204A44FDED" attach="left" box="[1020,1031,547,561]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">st</superScript>
|
||
subocular, lower preocular, prefrontal, anterior loreal and 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFE6164444FF0FD89" attach="left" box="[424,435,583,597]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">st</superScript>
|
||
supraciliary; supraciliaries 6, 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFCDE64454D67FD88" attach="left" box="[791,804,582,596]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
largest; 7 upper ciliaries, 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFB9064454A25FD88" attach="left" box="[1113,1126,582,596]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
largest, forming prominent eyelid; 11 lower ciliaries; 6 suboculars, anterior largest, contacting subocular 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFBD964694A63FDA4" attach="left" box="[1040,1056,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFBAF64694A37FDA4" attach="none" box="[1126,1140,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">rd</superScript>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFB5864694ADDFDA4" attach="left" box="[1169,1182,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial; subocular row interrupted by 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFEB6648D4FCFFD40" attach="left" box="[383,396,654,668]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial; 3 postoculars; 1 primary temporal, 2 secondary temporals; 3 tertiary temporals; supralabials 8, 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFE9A64B14F23FD1C" attach="left" box="[339,352,690,704]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
largest, 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFE1B64B14F9CFD1C" attach="left" box="[466,479,690,704]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial under centre of eye; infralabials 6, several equally largest. Ear opening round, moderately large. Mental broader but shallower than rostral. Postmental larger than mental. Chinshields 3 pairs; anterior chinshields in broad contact, contact 2nd and 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFC9064F94D24FCD4" attach="left" box="[857,871,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">rd</superScript>
|
||
infralabials; second chinshields separated by one scale, contact 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFE8D651D4F11FCF0" attach="left" box="[324,338,798,812]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">rd</superScript>
|
||
and 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFE5E651D4FE7FCF0" attach="left" box="[407,420,798,812]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
infralabials; posterior chinshields separated by 4 gular scales, contact 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFB04651D4A99FCF0" attach="left" box="[1229,1242,798,812]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
and 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFAE9651D4B6EFCF0" attach="left" box="[1312,1325,798,812]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
infralabials; one scale between 3 temporals and ear opening; ear with 3–4 prominent triangular lobules on anterior margin, uppermost the largest. Dorsal scales similar in size to ventral scales, weakly striate; top of front feet with series of 2 enlarged scales in line with toes, scales on top of hind feet small; ventral scales and subdigital lamellae smooth. Adpressed limbs meeting; digits moderately long, subcylindrical; third front digit similar in length to 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC8BB5FFADE65AD4B67FC60" attach="none" box="[1303,1316,942,956]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">th</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E661FFFC8BB5FFF5E61B44F14F82F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4531477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531477/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="501" startId="6.[151,250,1975,1999]" targetBox="[163,1419,1002,1947]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC8BB5FFF5E61B44F14F82F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1975,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC8BB5FFF5E61B44F57F80C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1975,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC8BB5FFE5461BB4C66F813" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[413,549,1975,1999]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="501" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC8BB5FFE5461BB4C66F813" box="[413,549,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC8BB5FFDE461BB4C3DF80C" bold="true" box="[557,638,1976,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC8BB5FFDE461BB4C3DF80C" box="[557,638,1976,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="501" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in Te Papa Tongarewa, National Museum of New Zealand collection. (photo: Jean-Claude Stahl)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E66954CCEFE9C" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFF0E66954BDFFF6C" bold="true" box="[199,1436,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
Measurements (in mm;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA8835FFC9BB5EFE2366954C12FF6C" box="[490,593,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 52.0 (mean 60.1, range 52.0–69.9); HL 9.6 (mean 10.4, range 9.6–11.3); HW 6.1 (mean 6.3, range 6.0–6.7); AG 23.0 (mean 28.9, range 23.0–36.7); SF 20.8 (mean 22.8, range 20.8–24.3); S-Ear 11.0 (mean 12.2, range 11.0– 13.1); EF 11.2 (mean 11.1, range 9.9–12.2); HLL 24.6 (mean 26.5, range 24.6–28.4); D-Ear 1.0 (mean 1.1, range 1.0–1.2); FTL 9.0 (mean 9.2, range 9.0–9.3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E67494D26FD74" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFF0E67494B2AFEB8" bold="true" box="[199,1385,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA8835FFC9BB5EFE8E67494FECFEB8" box="[327,431,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DA8835FFC9BB5EFCFD67494DEAFEB8" box="[820,937,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
/specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper ciliaries 7 (mean 7, range 6–7); lower ciliaries 10 (mean 11, range 10–11); nuchals 3 pairs (mean 2 pairs, range 1–3 pairs); midbody scale rows 38 (mean 37, range 36–38); ventral scale rows 93 (mean 92, range 91–93); subdigital lamellae 26 (mean 25, range 24–26); supraciliaries 6 (mean 6, range 6–6); suboculars 6 (mean 7, range 6–7). Frontonasal not usually separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Anterior loreal usually in contact with first and second supralabial, posterior loreal usually in contact with second and third supralabial. Supralabials 8 (usual), or 7, the sixth or seventh largest. Infralabials 7. Projecting scales always present in ear opening. Maximum SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFC9BB5EFF1864454F74FDBD" box="[209,311,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.99" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" unit="mm" value="69.9">69.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Only 1 of the specimens examined had an intact tail: ITL/SVL = 1.75. Ratios for morphological measurements (± SD): AG/SF 1.26 ± 0.28; S-Ear/EF 1.11 ± 0.19; HL/HW 1.66 ± 0.08; SVL/HL 5.76 ± 0.39; SVL/HW 9.57 ± 1.0; SVL/HLL 2.26 ± 0.18; SVL/FTL 6.56 ± 0.94 (N=3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E64B14FB2FBE9" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFF0E64B14F1CFD10" bold="true" box="[199,351,690,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Four live specimens were examined for colouration and the description is as follows: Mid-dorsal stripe usually present, not usually continuous. This stripe becomes expanded and wavy down length of tail. Dorsal surface mid to dark brown, 8 scale rows wide, grading into pale dorsolateral stripe usually extending from above eye almost to tip of tail. This pale stripe extends into brown lateral stripe 2 scale rows wide, notched on upper and lower edges, running from behind nostril towards tip of tail, becoming flecked with light and dark on tail. This brown band is bordered on each edge by a dark brown band 1 to 2 half-scale rows wide running above the limbs and becoming indistinct after hindlimb. The lower dark brown band is bordered below by a pale stripe, 1 to 2 half-scale rows wide running from below the eye, through the ear, above the limbs to become indistinct after the hindlimbs. This band is bounded below by a darker band breaking up into a ventral pale colour. Soles of feet grey/cream. Belly and throat cream, unmarked. Outer surface of forelimbs brown, with a prominent pale stripe. There do not appear to be sexually dimorphic colour patterns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFC9BB5EFF0E623D4AC2FBA0" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E623D4AC2FBA0" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFF0E623D4F0DFB84" bold="true" box="[199,334,1086,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for Kahurangi National Park where the species is found. The name was decided in consultation with Manawhenua Ki Mohua. Recommended common name is the Kahurangi skink.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFC9BB5EFF0E62854D49FA41" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E62854CF4FB34" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFF0E62854F22FB7C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1158,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
South Island only, one single location in the Douglas Range. Confined to slate scree substrate at about
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFC9BB5EFF1462A94F68FB19" box="[221,299,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
|
||
altitude and approx.
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFC9BB5EFDD362A94C24FB18" box="[538,615,1194,1220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" unit="m" value="8000.0">8000m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC9BB5EFDAE62A94C2CFB64" attach="left" box="[615,623,1194,1208]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">2</superScript>
|
||
; apparently absent from nearby greywacke screes, which were searched without success by GBP and colleagues in 2018.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E62F14D49FA41" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFF0E62F14FC8FAD0" bold="true" box="[199,395,1266,1292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Diurnal, strongly heliothermic, terrestrial. The highest densities were seen on slate scree—at one stage 7 were seen in an hour, between 8–9 am as temperatures started to rise. Smaller skinks were more common on the scree, while the largest specimens sighted were on the margins where there was mixed slate,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFB3363394BDFFA88" box="[1274,1436,1338,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFB3363394BDFFA88" box="[1274,1436,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Dracophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and tussock habitat (Alec Milne pers. comm,). The only other lizard species which has been found at this site is the Kahurangi gecko (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFE1163814C2DFA40" authority="Mt" authorityName="Mt" box="[472,622,1410,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Woodworthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFE1163814C2DFA40" box="[472,622,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Woodworthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘Mt Arthur’).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37B651CFFC9BB52FF0E63A54C41FB35" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E63A54CD6F9F1" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFF0E63A54F0FFA1C" bold="true" box="[199,332,1446,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Decisions on whether allopatric populations justify formal taxonomic recognition are essentially subjective and therefore problematic.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFD8063C84CA2FA38" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[585,737,1482,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFD8063C84CA2FA38" box="[585,737,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFD2263C94D04FA38" bold="true" box="[747,839,1482,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC9BB5EFD2263C94D04FA38" box="[747,839,1482,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is phylogenetically a genetically divergent outlying population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFEF063EC4FFEF9D4" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[313,445,1518,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFEF063EC4FFEF9D4" box="[313,445,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC9BB5EFE0F63EC4C14F9D4" box="[454,599,1518,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, found in inland
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A5F875FFC9BB5EFCD763ED4DF1F9D4" box="[798,946,1518,1544]" country="New Zealand" name="Marlborough" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Marlborough</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135A2A12FFC9BB5EFC0A63ED4A64F9D5" box="[963,1063,1518,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1334,1358]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,489,1311]" captionTargetId="figure-174@9.[177,1410,489,1311]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. O. longipes, northern form. (photo: Bruce Thomas)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531479/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFBF663EC4A94F9D4" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1087,1239,1518,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFBF663EC4A94F9D4" box="[1087,1239,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFB2963ED4B7FF9D4" bold="true" box="[1248,1340,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC9BB5EFB2963ED4B7FF9D4" box="[1248,1340,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is 2.9% divergent in ND2 sequence from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFDC460104CCDF9F0" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[525,654,1554,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFDC460104CCDF9F0" box="[525,654,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E60354CCBF944" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
Intraspecific ND2 genetic distances of up to about 5% are not uncommon in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC9BB5EFBE260344A81F98C" box="[1067,1218,1590,1617]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
skinks. Strong justification is therefore necessary for specific recognition in allopatry at smaller genetic distances. We believe that justification exists for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFE5B607C4C6BF944" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[402,552,1662,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFE5B607C4C6BF944" box="[402,552,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFDE6607D4CCBF944" bold="true" box="[559,648,1662,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC9BB5EFDE6607D4CCBF944" box="[559,648,1662,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC9BB5EFF0E60A24A69F82F" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
This species is very strongly divergent in morphology from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFCBF60A24DBBF967" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[886,1016,1697,1723]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFCBF60A24DBBF967" box="[886,1016,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given that many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFB0160A24B00F967" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1857" box="[1224,1347,1697,1723]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFB0160A24B00F967" box="[1224,1347,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are morphologically very conservative (this is reflected in the history of requiring modern genetic techniques to identify many cryptic species in the genus). Body proportions are different, scale counts are not just non-overlapping but well separated and colour (brown rather than greyish) and colour pattern (predominantly striped rather than predominantly speckled) are distinctly different (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E3032CFFC9BB5EFD2661284D05F89A" box="[751,838,1835,1862]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,704,730]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of ecological, morphometric and meristic features between O. kahurangi sp. nov., O. longipes and O. hoparatea" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Ecologically the two species are quite different—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFA48612F4F49F8B4" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFA48612F4F49F8B4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFEDB614D4F28F8B4" bold="true" box="[274,363,1870,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC9BB5EFEDB614D4F28F8B4" box="[274,363,1870,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is found in high alpine (above
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFC9BB5EFD02614D4D59F8B4" box="[715,794,1870,1896]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400m</quantity>
|
||
) slate rock scree in a mountainous region with high rainfall and appears absent from nearby greywacke screes, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC9BB5EFCAE61724DABF857" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[871,1000,1905,1931]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC9BB5EFCAE61724DABF857" box="[871,1000,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="502">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies greywacke river terraces and screes at a much broader range of altitudes in semi-arid inland basins in the rain-shadow of the South Island axial ranges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC9BB5EFF2661B54FDEF80C" author="Patterson, G. B." box="[239,413,1974,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" pagination="439 - 450" refId="ref8680" refString="Patterson, G. B. (1997) South Island skinks of the genus Oligosoma: description of O. longipes n. sp with redescription of O. otagense (McCann) and O. waimatense (McCann). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 27, 439 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1997.9517547" type="journal article" year="1997">Patterson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two habitats (c.
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFC9BB5EFD5361B54CB3F80C" box="[666,752,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="502" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
|
||
apart at their closest point) are separated by a zone of dense southern beech forest unsuitable for occupation by terrestrial heliothermic skinks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E661FFFC6BB51FF5E64C34806FD06" box="[151,1605,704,730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC6BB51FF5E64C34806FD06" blockId="8.[151,1605,704,730]" box="[151,1605,704,730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FF5E64C34F49FD06" bold="true" box="[151,266,704,730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of ecological, morphometric and meristic features between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC6BB51FBDD64C34AE1FD06" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1044,1186,704,730]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FBDD64C34AE1FD06" box="[1044,1186,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC6BB51FB6064C34ABDFD06" box="[1193,1278,704,730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC6BB51FAC164C34BC1FD06" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1288,1410,704,730]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FAC164C34BC1FD06" box="[1288,1410,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC6BB51FA7E64C34806FD06" box="[1463,1605,704,730]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">O. hoparatea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC6BB51FF6B64F348FDF9CA" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<table id="F961C437FFC644A6FF6B64F349E8F9CA" box="[162,1963,752,1558]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B64F349E8FCD4" box="[162,1963,752,776]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B64F34FB5FCD4" box="[162,502,752,776]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FF6B64F34F48FCDB" bold="true" box="[162,267,752,775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D64F34D88FCD4" box="[596,971,752,776]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC6BB51FD9D64F24C9AFCD4" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[596,729,753,776]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FD9D64F24C9AFCD4" box="[596,729,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
O.
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FDB864F24C9AFCD4" bold="true" box="[625,729,753,776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC6BB51FD1664F24D6FFCD4" box="[735,812,753,776]" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF364F34842FCD4" box="[1082,1537,752,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC6BB51FBF364F24AE8FCD4" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1082,1195,753,776]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FBF364F24AE8FCD4" box="[1082,1195,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
O.
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51FB9164F24AE8FCD4" bold="true" box="[1112,1195,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E864F349E8FCD4" box="[1569,1963,752,776]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC6BB51F9E864F348E1FCDB" box="[1569,1698,752,775]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC6BB51F9E864F348E1FCDB" bold="true" box="[1569,1698,752,775]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B652C49E8FCB6" box="[162,1963,815,874]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B652C4FB5FCB6" box="[162,502,815,874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Ecological</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D652C4D88FCB6" box="[596,971,815,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">High alpine slate rock scree</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF3652C4842FCB6" box="[1082,1537,815,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Lower altitude river terraces and greywacke screes at a wide range of altitudes</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E8652C49E8FCB6" box="[1569,1963,815,874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">High altitude greywacke screes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B659449E8FC72" box="[162,1963,919,942]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D65944D88FC72" box="[596,971,919,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">High rainfall area</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF365944842FC72" box="[1082,1537,919,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Low rainfall areas</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E8659449E8FC72" box="[1569,1963,919,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Low rainfall area</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B65D749E8FC37" box="[162,1963,980,1003]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B65D74FB5FC37" box="[162,502,980,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Colour</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D65D74D88FC37" box="[596,971,980,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Well-defined dorsal and lateral striping</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF365D74842FC37" box="[1082,1537,980,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Dorsal and lateral markings indistinct</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E865D749E8FC37" box="[1569,1963,980,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Well-defined dorsal and lateral striping</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B621049E8FB92" box="[162,1963,1043,1102]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D62104D88FB92" box="[596,971,1043,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Ventral surface unmarked</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF362104842FB92" box="[1082,1537,1043,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Ventral surface often speckled with dark brown and black</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E8621049E8FB92" box="[1569,1963,1043,1102]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Ventral surface unmarked</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B627949E8FB4D" box="[162,1963,1146,1169]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="503" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D62794D88FB4D" box="[596,971,1146,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Dorsal surface free of blotches</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF362794842FB4D" box="[1082,1537,1146,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Dorsal surface heavily blotched and broken up</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E8627949E8FB4D" box="[1569,1963,1146,1169]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Dorsal surface without flecks or blotches</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B62BB49E8FB13" box="[162,1963,1208,1231]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B62BB4FB5FB13" box="[162,502,1208,1231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">TL/SVL (intact tail)</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D62BB4D88FB13" box="[596,971,1208,1231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">1.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF362BB4842FB13" box="[1082,1537,1208,1231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">1.45</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E862BB49E8FB13" box="[1569,1963,1208,1231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Unknown – greater than SVL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B62EC49E8FADA" box="[162,1963,1263,1286]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B62EC4FB5FADA" box="[162,502,1263,1286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">MS</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D62EC4D88FADA" box="[596,971,1263,1286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">36-38</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF362EC4842FADA" box="[1082,1537,1263,1286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">40-44</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E862EC49E8FADA" box="[1569,1963,1263,1286]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">40-43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B632649E8FAE0" box="[162,1963,1317,1340]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B63264FB5FAE0" box="[162,502,1317,1340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D63264D88FAE0" box="[596,971,1317,1340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">1.66</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF363264842FAE0" box="[1082,1537,1317,1340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">1.47</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E8632649E8FAE0" box="[1569,1963,1317,1340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">1.49</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B635F49E8FAAF" box="[162,1963,1372,1395]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B635F4FB5FAAF" box="[162,502,1372,1395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">VS</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D635F4D88FAAF" box="[596,971,1372,1395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">91-93</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF3635F4842FAAF" box="[1082,1537,1372,1395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">94-108</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E8635F49E8FAAF" box="[1569,1963,1372,1395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">89-104</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B639149E8FA75" box="[162,1963,1426,1449]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B63914FB5FA75" box="[162,502,1426,1449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Nuchal scale pairs</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D63914D88FA75" box="[596,971,1426,1449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">1-3</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF363914842FA75" box="[1082,1537,1426,1449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">1-2</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E8639149E8FA75" box="[1569,1963,1426,1449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">2-4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B63CA49E8FA3C" box="[162,1963,1481,1504]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B63CA4FB5FA3C" box="[162,502,1481,1504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Enlarged scales on top of front foot</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D63CA4D88FA3C" box="[596,971,1481,1504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Diminishing in size</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF363CA4842FA3C" box="[1082,1537,1481,1504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Diminishing in size</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E863CA49E8FA3C" box="[1569,1963,1481,1504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">In line with toes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355134D5FFC644A6FF6B63FC49E8F9CA" box="[162,1963,1535,1558]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<th id="76805DA9FFC644A6FF6B63FC4FB5F9CA" box="[162,502,1535,1558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Enlarged precloacal scales</th>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FD9D63FC4D88F9CA" box="[596,971,1535,1558]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Deeper than wide</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6FBF363FC4842F9CA" box="[1082,1537,1535,1558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Deeper than wide</td>
|
||
<td id="76805DA9FFC644A6F9E863FC49E8F9CA" box="[1569,1963,1535,1558]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="503">Wider than deep</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC7BB50FF0E66944AE9FE0D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
The differences in morphology are likely related to long histories in different ecological settings, and therefore different evolutionary trajectories.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FDD366B84C9CFF09" author="Hare, K. M. & Daugherty, C. H. & Chapple, D. G." box="[538,735,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="303 - 315" refId="ref7429" refString="Hare, K. M., Daugherty, C. H. & Chapple, D. G. (2008) Comparative phylogeography of three skink species (Oligosoma moco, O. smithi, O. suteri; Reptilia: Scincidae) in northeastern New Zealand. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 46, 303 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.08.012" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hare
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FD9E66B84CC4FF09" box="[599,647,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FCDD66B84DBCFF09" author="Chapple, D. G. & Ritchie, P. A. & Daugherty, C. H." box="[788,1023,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="470 - 487" refId="ref6961" refString="Chapple, D. G., Ritchie, P. A. & Daugherty, C. H. (2009) Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 52, 470 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.021" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FCBE66B84DEBFF09" box="[887,936,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
place the separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FACF66B84BDFFF09" box="[1286,1436,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FACF66B84BDFFF09" box="[1286,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. microlepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FF1D66DC4F7AFF25" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[212,313,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FF1D66DC4F7AFF25" box="[212,313,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.6% corrected ND2 distance) in the late Pliocene. That would place the separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FAC166DC4BDFFF25" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1288,1436,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FAC166DC4BDFFF25" box="[1288,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FF5E67004EB3FEC1" bold="true" box="[151,240,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FF5E67004EB3FEC1" box="[151,240,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FEEF67004FE4FEC1" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[294,423,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FEEF67004FE4FEC1" box="[294,423,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.9% corrected ND2 distance) in the very late Pliocene or early Pleistocene. Open habitat would have been continuous between the current ranges of the two species during Pleistocene glaciations; however, the genetic divergence between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FDC967484CD5FEB9" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[512,662,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FDC967484CD5FEB9" box="[512,662,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FD5767484CBBFEB9" bold="true" box="[670,760,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FD5767484CBBFEB9" box="[670,760,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FCE667484DF2FEB9" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[815,945,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FCE667484DF2FEB9" box="[815,945,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests they have been isolated far longer than just since the last glacial cycle. This suggests that they maintained separate evolutionary trajectories on multiple occasions while there was potential for contact between them. They therefore fit the criteria for separate species status under the evolutionary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FE2367B44C2CFE0D" author="Wiley, E. O." box="[490,623,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="17 - 26" refId="ref9167" refString="Wiley, E. O. (1978) The Evolutionary Species Concept Reconsidered. Systematic Biology, 27, 17 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2412809" type="journal article" year="1978">Wiley 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and cohesion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FCE967B44D9AFE0D" author="Templeton, A. R." box="[800,985,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref8954" refString="Templeton, A. R. (1989) The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. In: Otte, D. & Endler, J. A. (Eds.), Speciation and its Consequences. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 3 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1989">Templeton 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) species concepts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E661FFFC7BB50FF5E63354D62FA92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531479" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4531479" box="[151,801,1334,1358]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531479/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" startId="9.[151,250,1334,1358]" targetBox="[177,1410,489,1311]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC7BB50FF5E63354D62FA92" blockId="9.[151,801,1334,1358]" box="[151,801,1334,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FF5E63354F50FA92" bold="true" box="[151,275,1334,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FED063344FCDFA92" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[281,398,1334,1358]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FED063344FCDFA92" box="[281,398,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, northern form. (photo: Bruce Thomas)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC7BB50FF0E637E4C6AF8B7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1405,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Another approach to determining whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FD6C637E4D78FA4B" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[677,827,1405,1431]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FD6C637E4D78FA4B" box="[677,827,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC8B637E4DDFFA4B" bold="true" box="[834,924,1405,1431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FC8B637E4DDFFA4B" box="[834,924,1405,1431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
justifies separate species status is to compare its level of morphological divergence with that seen between related sympatric species. This approach has been used with birds (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FE8463C64C73FA03" author="Tobias, J. A. & Seddon, N. & Spottiswoode, C. N. & Pilgrim, J. D. & Fishpool, L. D. C. & Collar, N. J." box="[333,560,1477,1503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="724 - 746" refId="ref9010" refString="Tobias, J. A., Seddon, N., Spottiswoode, C. N., Pilgrim, J. D., Fishpool, L. D. C. & Collar, N. J. (2010) Quantitative criteria for species delimitation. Ibis, 152, 724 - 746. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 2010.01051. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Tobias
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FE6963C64F99FA03" box="[416,474,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, summarised in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FD2563C64DC3FA03" author="Winker, K." box="[748,896,1477,1503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="679 - 682" refId="ref9268" refString="Winker, K. (2010) Is it a species? Ibis, 152, 679 - 682. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 X. 2010.01061. x" type="journal article" year="2010">Winker 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)) but can easily be adapted to other taxonomic groups such as lizards. In this approach, if we can show that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FC8763EA4DA6F9DF" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[846,997,1513,1539]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC8763EA4DA6F9DF" box="[846,997,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC2463EA4A0BF9DF" bold="true" box="[1005,1096,1513,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FC2463EA4A0BF9DF" box="[1005,1096,1513,1539]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is at least as morphologically distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FEE7600E4FECF9FB" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[302,431,1549,1575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FEE7600E4FECF9FB" box="[302,431,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FE1D600E4C15F9FB" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[468,598,1549,1575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FE1D600E4C15F9FB" box="[468,598,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from a sympatric closely related species then by inference
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FACE600E4BDFF9FB" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1287,1436,1549,1575]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FACE600E4BDFF9FB" box="[1287,1436,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FF5E60324EB0F997" bold="true" box="[151,243,1585,1611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FF5E60324EB0F997" box="[151,243,1585,1611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also a full species. Fortunately, this scenario exists:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FCBB60324A66F997" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[882,1061,1585,1611]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FCBB60324DCEF997" box="[882,909,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC0F60324A66F997" box="[966,1061,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“southern” is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FA4860324F49F9B3" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FA4860324F49F9B3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is its sister taxon but reproductively isolated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FCAC60564A14F9B3" author="Whitaker, T. & Chapple, D. G. & Hitchmough, R. A. & Patterson, G. B." box="[869,1111,1621,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="269 - 279" refId="ref9087" refString="Whitaker, T., Chapple, D. G., Hitchmough, R. A., Lettink & M., Patterson, G. B. (2018) A new species of scincid lizard in the genus Oligosoma (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the mid-Canterbury high country, New Zealand. Zootaxa, 4377 (2), 269 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4377.2.7" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Whitaker
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC1160564A51F9B3" box="[984,1042,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite being phylogenetically deeply divergent and not being sister taxa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FD08607A4D07F94F" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[705,836,1657,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FD08607A4D07F94F" box="[705,836,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FC84607A4D32F94F" box="[845,881,1657,1683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FC63607A4A18F94F" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[938,1115,1657,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC63607A4DFDF94F" box="[938,958,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O</emphasis>
|
||
. aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC35607A4A18F94F" box="[1020,1115,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“southern” are morphologically cryptic species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FE45609E4C60F96B" box="[396,547,1693,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FE45609E4C60F96B" box="[396,547,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. hoparatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from its sympatric congener by colour pattern and a few differences in scalation, most of which have not been used to differentiate
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC7BB50FC2060C24AC3F907" box="[1001,1152,1729,1755]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
skinks previously. However, it overlaps in MS and VS scale counts—important known taxonomic characters in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC7BB50FB4A60E64B58F923" box="[1155,1307,1765,1791]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
skinks—in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FEDD610A4FE9F8FF" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[276,426,1801,1827]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FEDD610A4FE9F8FF" box="[276,426,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FE78610A4C48F8FF" bold="true" box="[433,523,1801,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FE78610A4C48F8FF" box="[433,523,1801,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FD8B610A4C80F8FF" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[578,707,1801,1827]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FD8B610A4C80F8FF" box="[578,707,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E3032CFFC7BB50FD1B610A4D69F8FF" box="[722,810,1801,1827]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,704,730]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of ecological, morphometric and meristic features between O. kahurangi sp. nov., O. longipes and O. hoparatea" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Also, based on observations of live animals, the intact tail lengths of the two sympatric species are similar, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FCF2612E4D92F89B" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[827,977,1837,1863]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FCF2612E4D92F89B" box="[827,977,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FC10612E4A77F89B" bold="true" box="[985,1076,1837,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FC10612E4A77F89B" box="[985,1076,1837,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FBA5612E4AB5F89B" box="[1132,1270,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FBA5612E4AB2F89B" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1132,1265,1837,1863]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">O. longipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The latter two species also differ in colour pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC7BB50FF0E61764B10F827" blockId="9.[151,1437,1405,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Other examples of deeply divergent sympatric species with less morphological divergence than that between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FA4861764EB5F86F" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FA4861764EB5F86F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FEE7619A4F87F86F" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[302,452,1945,1971]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FEE7619A4F87F86F" box="[302,452,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FE05619A4C64F86F" bold="true" box="[460,551,1945,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC7BB50FE05619A4C64F86F" box="[460,551,1945,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are seen in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FD13619A4DDAF86E" box="[730,921,1945,1971]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FD13619A4DDAF86E" box="[730,921,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. inconspicuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC7BB50FBD8619A4AB6F86F" author="Chapple, D. G. & Bell, T. P. & Chapple, S. N. J. & Miller, K. A. & Daugherty, C. H. & Patterson, G. B." box="[1041,1269,1945,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7027" refString="Chapple, D. G., Bell, T. P., Chapple, S. N. J., Miller, K. A., Daugherty, C. H. & Patterson, G. B. (2011) Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex. Zootaxa, 2782, 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2782.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FBB1619A4AF2F86F" box="[1144,1201,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FAC1619A4F48F80A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FAC1619A4BDBF86F" box="[1288,1432,1945,1971]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burganae">O. burganae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FF5E61BE4F44F80A" box="[151,263,1981,2007]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="repens">O. repens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FE8D61BE4FDBF80B" box="[324,408,1981,2007]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FE8D61BE4FDBF80B" box="[324,408,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. toka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sympatric with and deeply phylogenetically divergent from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC7BB50FBBB61BE4B71F80A" box="[1138,1330,1981,2007]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC7BB50FBBB61BE4B71F80A" box="[1138,1330,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="504">O. inconspicuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but were previously not distinguished from that species, and the morphological differences among the four are minor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC4BB53FF0E66944AE1FE71" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
On the other hand, there are several good precedents for recognition of distinct allopatric
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC4BB53FB0966944B14FF6D" box="[1216,1367,151,177]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
skink species at similar levels of phylogenetic, morphological and ecological divergence to that between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FB2566B84B2EFF09" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1260,1389,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FB2566B84B2EFF09" box="[1260,1389,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FF5E66DC4F6FFF25" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,300,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FF5E66DC4F6FFF25" box="[151,300,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FEFB66DC4FC9FF25" bold="true" box="[306,394,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC4BB53FEFB66DC4FC9FF25" box="[306,394,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FE5166DC4C60FF25" box="[408,547,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. smithi-O.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FDE066DC4C8EFF25" authority="ND" authorityName="ND" box="[553,717,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FDE066DC4CDDFF25" box="[553,670,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">microlepis</emphasis>
|
||
ND
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 3.6% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC4BB53FCE166DC4DA3FF25" author="Hare, K. M. & Daugherty, C. H. & Chapple, D. G." box="[808,992,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" pagination="303 - 315" refId="ref7429" refString="Hare, K. M., Daugherty, C. H. & Chapple, D. G. (2008) Comparative phylogeography of three skink species (Oligosoma moco, O. smithi, O. suteri; Reptilia: Scincidae) in northeastern New Zealand. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 46, 303 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.08.012" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hare
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FCAE66DC4DDDFF25" box="[871,926,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FC3B66DC4AE0FF25" box="[1010,1187,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. pikitanga-O.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FB6166DC4B5EFF25" authority="ND" authorityName="ND" box="[1192,1309,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="judgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FB6166DC4AADFF25" box="[1192,1262,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">judgei</emphasis>
|
||
ND
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2+ND4 3% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC4BB53FF5667004FDFFEC1" author="Patterson, G. B. & Bell, T." box="[159,412,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref8747" refString="Patterson, G. B. & Bell, T. (2009) The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darren and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand. Zootaxa, 2271 (1), 43 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2271.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Patterson & Bell 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FE6667004C31FEC1" box="[431,626,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. notosaurus-O.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FDB167004D00FEC1" authority="ND" authorityName="ND" box="[632,835,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconspicuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FDB167004D57FEC0" box="[632,788,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">inconspicuum</emphasis>
|
||
ND
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 4.6% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC4BB53FC5667004A3DFEC1" author="Chapple, D. G. & Bell, T. P. & Chapple, S. N. J. & Miller, K. A. & Daugherty, C. H. & Patterson, G. B." box="[927,1150,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref7027" refString="Chapple, D. G., Bell, T. P., Chapple, S. N. J., Miller, K. A., Daugherty, C. H. & Patterson, G. B. (2011) Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex. Zootaxa, 2782, 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2782.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Chapple
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FBCC67004A7EFEC1" box="[1029,1085,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FB5967004BDFFEC1" box="[1168,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. salmo-O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
ND2 Tamura-Nei corrected distance 2.9% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC4BB53FD4E67244D22FE9D" author="Melzer, S. & Hitchmough, R. A. & Bell, T. & Chapple, D. G. & Patterson, G. B." box="[647,865,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" pagination="441 - 484" refId="ref8126" refString="Melzer, S., Hitchmough, R. A., Bell, T., Chapple, D. G. & Patterson, G. B. (2019) Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 4623 (3), 441 - 484. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4623.3.2" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Melzer
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FD2867244D58FE9D" box="[737,795,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The alpine black-eyed gecko
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FB0F67244EB6FEB9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FB0F67244EB2FEB9" baseAuthorityName="Whitaker" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahutarae">Mokopirirakau kahutarae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a broadly similar distribution in Nelson-Marlborough to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FC6A67484A7BFEB9" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[931,1080,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FC6A67484A7BFEB9" box="[931,1080,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FBF667484ADAFEB9" bold="true" box="[1087,1177,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC4BB53FBF667484ADAFEB9" box="[1087,1177,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FB1F67484B14FEB9" authorityName="Patterson" authorityYear="1997" box="[1238,1367,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FB1F67484B14FEB9" box="[1238,1367,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC4BB53FA9767484EA2FE55" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. It is highly divergent in morphology from its broadly sympatric but lower-altitude sister species, the forest gecko
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FF2867904F3CFE71" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[225,383,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FF2867904F3CFE71" box="[225,383,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">M. granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is separated from it by an ND2 distance of 3.8% (Knox
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FBE367904A21FE71" box="[1066,1122,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
MS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC4BB53FF0E67B44A1BFE29" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FF0E67B44F1EFE0D" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,349,439,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FF0E67B44F1EFE0D" box="[199,349,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FEAD67B44FFDFE0D" bold="true" box="[356,446,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC4BB53FEAD67B44FFDFE0D" box="[356,446,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shares several characters with other saxicolous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FC1367B44A16FE0D" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1857" box="[986,1109,439,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FC1367B44A16FE0D" box="[986,1109,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Oligosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, such as higher scale counts relative to similarly-sized non-saxicolous species and elongated digits and tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC4BB53FF0E67FC4A0CFD2D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
The colouration allows the species to be camouflaged in its rocky habitat. Potential predators of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FACF67FC4BDFFDC5" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[1286,1436,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FACF67FC4BDFFDC5" box="[1286,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FF5E64204EB1FDE1" bold="true" box="[151,242,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC4BB53FF5E64204EB1FDE1" box="[151,242,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
include
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC4BB53FE9F64204FADFDE1" box="[342,494,547,573]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
falcon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FD8C64204DE5FDE1" authority="Gmelin" authorityName="Gmelin" box="[581,934,547,573]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Falco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaeseelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FD8C64204D09FDE1" box="[581,842,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Falco novaeseelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
Gmelin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and introduced mammals (particularly feral house mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FEFB64444C02FDBD" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[306,577,583,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FEFB64444F91FDBD" box="[306,466,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Mus musculus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and stoat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FD7F64444DABFDBE" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[694,1000,583,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FD7F64444D37FDBC" box="[694,884,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Mustela erminea</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other invasive mammalian predators (brushtail possum
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FEA164684CF1FD59" authority="(Kerr)" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[360,690,619,645]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Trichosurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpecula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FEA164684C21FD59" box="[360,610,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Trichosurus vulpecula</emphasis>
|
||
(Kerr)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, European hedgehog
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FC6F64684B46FD59" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[934,1285,619,645]" class="Mammalia" family="Erinaceidae" genus="Erinaceus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Erinaceomorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FC6F64684AD0FD58" box="[934,1171,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Erinaceus europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ship rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FAA564684F34FD75" authority="rattus Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FAA564684F40FD74" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC4BB53FE4D648C4F9DFD75" box="[388,478,655,681]" name="Norway" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FDD9648C4D0CFD76" authority="(Berkenhout)" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[528,847,655,682]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FDD9648C4CEEFD74" box="[528,685,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Berkenhout)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, feral pig
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FC0E648C4A7EFD75" box="[967,1085,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Sus scrofa</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, feral ferret
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FA8B648C4F74FD11" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FA8B648C4E86FD11" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Mustela furo</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, weasel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FE5F64B04C35FD11" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[406,630,691,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FE5F64B04C44FD11" box="[406,519,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">M. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and feral cat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FCD864B04DBCFD12" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[785,1023,691,718]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FCD864B04DCFFD10" box="[785,908,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Felis catus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and also invasive social insects are unlikely to be present at such high altitude in sufficient numbers to be a major threat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1E661FFFC4BB53FF5E60DF4CEAF928" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4531481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4531481" box="[151,681,1756,1781]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4531481/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" startId="10.[151,250,1756,1780]" targetBox="[156,1431,777,1733]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC4BB53FF5E60DF4CEAF928" blockId="10.[151,681,1756,1781]" box="[151,681,1756,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FF5E60DF4F50F929" bold="true" box="[151,275,1756,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FED060DE4FEBF928" box="[281,424,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FED060DE4FE0F928" box="[281,419,1756,1780]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoparatea">O. hoparatea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(photo: Marieke Lettink)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC4BB52FF0E61214C46FE9D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1826,2033]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,1257]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FF0E61214FF9F8E1" bold="true" box="[199,442,1826,1853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FE0961204C17F8E1" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[448,596,1827,1853]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FE0961204C17F8E1" box="[448,596,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FD9361204CF0F8E1" bold="true" box="[602,691,1827,1853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC4BB53FD9361204CF0F8E1" box="[602,691,1827,1853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is currently known from a single very small site, although numbers at that site are reasonably high (e.g. 27 were seen between
|
||
<date id="FFDF1057FFC4BB53FC8861444A37F8BD" box="[833,1140,1862,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" value="2019-11-23" valueMax="2019-11-25" valueMin="2019-11-23">23 and 25 November 2019</date>
|
||
(A. Milne pers. comm.)). While the alpine areas of Kahurangi National Park have had little formal lizard survey, numbers of incidental lizard records from those areas supplied by trampers, climbers and conservation workers have been steadily increasing in the last two decades. Past records have been of one gecko and one skink species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FB8061B04A9CF811" authority="Mount" authorityName="Mount" box="[1097,1247,1971,1997]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Woodworthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FB8061B04A9CF811" box="[1097,1247,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Woodworthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
‘Mount Arthur’,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC4BB53FF5E61D44FC2F82C" authorityName="Wells & Wellington" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,385,2007,2033]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC4BB53FF5E61D44FC2F82C" box="[151,385,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="505">Oligosoma newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from numerous locations scattered across the park, and three other gecko species and one skink (
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FF2D66944CA8FF6D" box="[228,747,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FF2D66944FF4FF6D" authorityName="Hutton" authorityYear="1872" box="[228,439,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Naultinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">Naultinus stellatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FE0B66944CA8FF6D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[450,747,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulatus">Mokopirirakau granulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FD3166944DCCFF6D" baseAuthorityName="Whitaker" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[760,911,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahutarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FD3166944DCCFF6D" box="[760,911,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">M. kahutarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FC0266944A92FF6D" baseAuthorityName="Patterson & Daugherty" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[971,1233,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polychroma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FC0266944A92FF6D" box="[971,1233,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Oligosoma polychroma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from fewer sites, mainly at lower altitude except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FDE866B84CFBFF09" baseAuthorityName="Whitaker" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[545,696,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahutarae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FDE866B84CFBFF09" box="[545,696,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">M. kahutarae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DOC Herpetofauna database). No past records that we are aware of are likely to be referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FE3466DC4CD6FF25" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[509,661,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FE3466DC4CD6FF25" box="[509,661,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FD5766DC4CB8FF25" bold="true" box="[670,763,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC5BB52FD5766DC4CB8FF25" box="[670,763,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species is therefore very unlikely to be common and widespread, although it is very possible that additional undiscovered small isolated populations exist. We have no information on population trend.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC5BB52FF0E67484B18FE29" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC5BB52FED967484FE4FEB9" box="[272,423,331,357]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
Threat Classification System, precautionary interpretation of currently available information suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FEAB676C4FBBFE55" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[354,504,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FEAB676C4FBBFE55" box="[354,504,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FE36676C4C19FE55" bold="true" box="[511,602,367,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC5BB52FE36676C4C19FE55" box="[511,602,367,393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
should be regarded as Nationally Critical on the basis of both criterion 1a (adult population of fewer than 250 mature individuals) and criterion 1b (area of occupancy of less than 1 hectare). Because no information exists on population trend, no detailed census has been carried out, and the likelihood of additional populations existing undiscovered is quite high, this listing should carry the qualifier “Data Poor”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC5BB52FF0E67FC4A2EFBE9" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
In the IUCN red-list system, the species is best regarded as Data Deficient. While it is reasonable to infer that the reproductively mature population is likely to be below the 250 threshold for inclusion in the Nationally Critical category in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC5BB52FE8B64444F94FDBD" box="[322,471,583,609]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
national system, it is unlikely to be below the threshold of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D67FD1EFFC5BB52FBAC64454A89FDBD" box="[1125,1226,582,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" type="adult">50 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
required for inclusion in the Critically Endangered category in the IUCN red-list in the absence of current or historical trend information. While its known area of occupancy is less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C999B72FFC5BB52FD2B648C4D6AFD75" box="[738,809,655,681]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C149BDFFFC5BB52FCE0648D4D72FD40" attach="left" box="[809,817,654,668]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">2</superScript>
|
||
, and it exists at a single known locality, it is not known to meet the additional criteria (continuing decline or extreme fluctuations) for inclusion in Critically Endangered on the basis of area of occupancy. Extreme fluctuations do not apply for any of the moderately to very highly Kselected
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC5BB52FF3064F84FCCFCC9" box="[249,399,763,789]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
lizards. Continuing decline is almost universal in mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC5BB52FBFD64F84A88FCC9" box="[1076,1227,763,789]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
lizard populations because of the impacts of invasive mammalian predators (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC5BB52FCD7651C4A78FCE6" author="Hitchmough, R. & Barr, B. & Lettink, M. & Monks, J. & Reardon, J. & Tocher, M. & van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J." box="[798,1083,799,826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref7589" refString="Hitchmough, R., Barr, B., Lettink, M., Monks, J., Reardon, J., Tocher, M., van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J. (2016 b) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2015. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 17. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 14." type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
Hitchmough
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FC7B651C4DA9FCE5" box="[946,1002,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, these effects appear to be somewhat ameliorated at high altitudes where the range of predator species present is reduced. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FA4865404F49FC5D" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FA4865404F49FC5D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FED865644F2AFC5D" bold="true" box="[273,361,871,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC5BB52FED865644F2AFC5D" box="[273,361,871,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is sympatric with a population of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3767607FFC5BB52FCC465644DE1FC5D" box="[781,930,871,897]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
rock wren (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FBE165644B46FC5D" authorityName="Pelzeln" authorityYear="1867" box="[1064,1285,871,897]" class="Aves" family="Acanthisittidae" genus="Xenicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilviventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FBE165644B46FC5D" box="[1064,1285,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Xenicus gilviventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which is being protected by targeted intensive control of invasive predators. This pest control may also be incidentally benefiting the skink population by suppressing stoat and possum numbers to low levels. However, mice (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FB2565AC4BCFFC15" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1260,1420,943,969]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FB2565AC4BCFFC15" box="[1260,1420,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Mus musculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which increase in abundance when larger pest mammals are controlled to low densities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC5BB52FB4565D04B26FC31" author="Wilson, D. & Innes, J. & Fitzgerald, N. & Bartlam, S. & Watts, C. & Smale, M." box="[1164,1381,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" pagination="192 - 203" refId="ref9201" refString="Wilson, D., Innes, J., Fitzgerald, N., Bartlam, S., Watts, C. & Smale, M. (2018) Population dynamics of house mice without mammalian predators and competitors. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 42, 192 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.20417 / nzjecol. 42.25" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FB2F65D04B5AFC31" box="[1254,1305,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are not under significant sustained control from these operations. They are serious predators of native lizards (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC5BB52FAFC65F44E91FBE9" author="Newman, D. G." pageId="11" pageNumber="506" pagination="443 - 456" refId="ref8409" refString="Newman, D. G. (1994) Effects of a mouse, Mus musculus, eradication programme and habitat change on lizard populations of Mana Island, New Zealand, with special reference to McGregor's skink, Cyclodina macgregori. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 21 (4), 443 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1994.9518015" type="journal article" year="1994">Newman 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B66FFC5BB52FF1762184FEEFBEA" author="Nelson, N. J. & Romijn, R. L. & Dumont, T. & Reardon, J. T. & Monks, J. M. & Hitchmough, R. A. & Empson, R. & Briskie, J. V." box="[222,429,1051,1078]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" pagination="339" refId="ref8300" refString="Nelson, N. J., Romijn, R. L., Dumont, T., Reardon, J. T., Monks, J. M., Hitchmough, R. A., Empson, R. & Briskie, J. V. (2016) Lizard conservation in mainland sanctuaries. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), New Zealand Lizards. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 321 ‾ 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8 _ 12" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A5F875FFC5BB52FF1762184F6EFBE9" box="[222,301,1051,1077]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Nelson</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FEFD62184F25FBE9" box="[308,358,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and may be causing ongoing decline in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C614D14FFC5BB52FCB162184A4EFBE9" authority="Patterson & Hitchmough, 2021" authorityName="Patterson & Hitchmough" authorityYear="2021" box="[888,1037,1051,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kahurangi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FCB162184A4EFBE9" box="[888,1037,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">O. kahurangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FBDD62184A2EFBE9" bold="true" box="[1044,1133,1051,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657FEFFC5BB52FBDD62184A2EFBE9" box="[1044,1133,1051,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDE3697FFC5BB52FF0E623D4C41FB35" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B915EA85FFC5BB52FF0E623D4C24FB84" bold="true" box="[199,615,1086,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="506">Survey and research requirements.</emphasis>
|
||
Virtually nothing is known of this species beyond its existence. Survey of similar nearby habitats is required to assess its area of occupancy, and a census of the population at the single known site is required to better understand its conservation status and need for management. In the longer term, regular monitoring is needed to establish population trend, and to quantify any benefits of existing predator management and the possible impact of mice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |