489 lines
58 KiB
XML
489 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="C4A6AC36231F9CD8727B2C6253A4AFC0" ID-CLB-Dataset="21692" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d64d995c-06c4-4541-aae0-737c86d030a9" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3894810" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:52D33BB7-2713-4F9D-AACF-3FAA90FDB31F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1592234070810" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Solé, Floréal, Marandat, Bernard & Lihoreau, Fabrice" docDate="2020" docId="03C08782FFD2FFEBFC5C3B94FB8BF85E" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.42.13.185-214.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 42 (13)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leonhardtina meridianum Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="DA2667CF-BFAD-4CFD-AFE0-E9B1416140D2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="194" masterDocId="FFF9FFFAFFDBFFE0FFE73A2CFF8FFFB3" masterDocTitle="The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="185" pageNumber="192" updateTime="1701999769407" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods id="8F5798F286C36B60DFBFEF393D4B45E8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C4B29D8CC8E40D54A4C66798A96C8B3C">
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<mods:title id="B9717833613308652B4D17000DEBB6E1">The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="14323AB5837D089464855C02640331A2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CD2E3EAB2F49E001D84194E9FCD367EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B172338984D13FC3A663A3C8DFE55199">Solé, Floréal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7451AA109F10B44D94D613F969D1DE52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D9D4A6A43EA2A9724695AFDA898A6F4B">Marandat, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A06C1012CAD596291291EF42AC297BF1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7CCFDB126006E9F2A8E9888A0D6D7D3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C558DE423E20598A8128BD393B0F7787">Lihoreau, Fabrice</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8A07F389F1D2E493DA9E29582DEC267B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C0C2618AFAFA0C55850DB2DA65CA51BA">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0D2FD39A13FF6DF72ED8778D867DDBF4">
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<mods:date id="28298C1FD1B786349D87C7513B8ACDEB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AA0D7607B5EAB8255E7F43B6019CDD4F" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="134D41F6EB1F248EC8F6B9BB08DAC58A">2020-06-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C455ADE5D4431F2582FCD7D9CABEE9C0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C43EF7034E494F0C7F48BBF64C3BC99F">42</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="52685B44C1450A5AF54AE3DB3860D2FD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="04290C4D85C9F2A6AE720AF49AD7B441">13</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="24F31A909384C504BA082EC81075AB28">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F7AB4632135C7C48BCEA174A66D4BCE6" type="CLB-Dataset">21692</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DAA2FE052713ACE8C7529D3A1F5431C6" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6131C6ED4B3D414AE0502CB780324EE9" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EC2E999E338D7E8926314207781FC4F1" type="Zenodo-Dep">3894810</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A71A217CA1A3F3BE95514F1E34E356A8" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:52D33BB7-2713-4F9D-AACF-3FAA90FDB31F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C08782FFD2FFEBFC5C3B94FB8BF85E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164597324" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA2667CF-BFAD-4CFD-AFE0-E9B1416140D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08782FFD2FFEBFC5C3B94FB8BF85E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FC5C3B94FAAEFE60" box="[955,1313,440,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FC5C3B94FAAEFE60" blockId="9.[955,1313,440,499]" box="[955,1313,440,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<heading id="D09E81F8FFD2FFE9FC5C3B94FAAEFE60" box="[955,1313,440,467]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD2FFE9FC5C3B94FB50FE60" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[955,1247,440,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD2FFE9FC5C3B94FB50FE60" bold="true" box="[955,1247,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Leonhardtina meridianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD2FFE9FB013B95FAAEFE60" box="[1254,1313,441,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FBA13BF4FA3FFD99" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FBA13BF4FB19FE40" blockId="9.[955,1313,440,499]" box="[1094,1174,472,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13522A11FFD2FFE9FBA83BF4FB02FE41" box="[1103,1165,472,498]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1962,1979]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas (MP10-MP11?): A, B, UM-AUM530,right maxillary fragment bearing M2 and M3; A, occlusal view; B, labial view;C-H, UM-AUM54 (Holotype),right mandible bearing p3 to m3; C, lingual view; D, labial view;E, occlusal view; F, occlusal close-up; G, lingual close-up; H, labial close-up. Abbreviations: me, metacone; pa, paracone; pr, protocone. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3894816/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3835FA3FFD99" blockId="9.[813,1456,537,554]" box="[813,1456,537,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<uri id="FFF83A96FFD2FFE9FCCA3835FA3FFD99" box="[813,1456,537,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFCF0C41FFD2FFE9FC1A3835FA3FFD99" box="[1021,1456,537,554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">DA2667CF-BFAD-4CFD-AFE0-E9B1416140D2</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FCCA3877FA12FDC7" box="[813,1437,603,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3877FA12FDC7" blockId="9.[813,1437,603,628]" box="[813,1437,603,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<materialsCitation id="3B013CC9FFD2FFE9FCCA3877FA12FDC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2635845305" box="[813,1437,603,628]" collectionCode="UM-AUM" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" specimenCode="UM-AUM54" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54D28836FFD2FFE9FCCA3877FC18FDC2" box="[813,919,603,626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. —
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<specimenCode id="DBCF9EEFFFD2FFE9FC243870FBC4FDC7" box="[963,1099,604,628]" collectionCode="UM-AUM" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">UM-AUM54</specimenCode>
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, right mandible bearing p3 to m3.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FCCA38A7FBB1FD6B" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA38A7FBB1FD6B" blockId="9.[813,1455,651,728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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ETYMOLOGY. —
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<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD2FFE9FC3F38A7FBDDFD10" box="[984,1106,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Meridianum</emphasis>
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(Latin) means from the Midi, the south. In reference to the fact that the species is recorded only in the southern part of
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<collectingCountry id="F37E7604FFD2FFE9FC1138EDFBB5FD6B" box="[1014,1082,705,728]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">France</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FCCA38C3FB80FCDE" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA38C3FB35FC90" blockId="9.[813,1455,751,803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<materialsCitation id="3B013CC9FFD2FFE9FCCA38C3FB35FC90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2635845303" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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REFERRED SPECIMENS FROM AUMELAS.
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<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD2FFE9FB5E38DCFB5CFCBB" bold="true" box="[1209,1235,752,776]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">—</emphasis>
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UM-AUM530, right maxillary fragment bearing M2 and M3.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3915FB80FCDE" blockId="9.[813,1456,825,877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<materialsCitation id="3B013CC9FFD2FFE9FCCA3915FB84FCDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2635845301" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">OTHER REFERRED SPECIMENS. — MNHN.F.RZ142, right mandible bearing p2-p4 and m3</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FCCA39AFFBF7FC61" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA39AFFBF7FC61" blockId="9.[813,1455,899,978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">HORIZON AND AGE. — Lacustrine limestone of Montpellier, proposed as Lutetian in age in previous study but here considered possibly late Ypresian/early Lutetian in age</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FCCA39C4FBC2FBF8" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA39C4FB63FBB3" blockId="9.[813,1260,1000,1025]" box="[813,1260,1000,1025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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TYPE LOCALITY. — Aumelas, Hérault,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E7604FFD2FFE9FB4439C5FB68FBB3" box="[1187,1255,1001,1024]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">France</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3E3BFBC2FBF8" blockId="9.[813,1456,1047,1099]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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OTHER LOCALITY. — Rouzilhac, Aude,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E7604FFD2FFE9FB413E35FB68FB83" box="[1190,1255,1049,1072]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">France</collectingCountry>
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(Ypresian-Lutetian?; MP10b,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD2FFE9FC633E1FFBC9FBF8" author="GODINOT M. & LABARRERE H. - P. & ERFURT J. & FRANZEN J. L. & LANGE- BADRE B. & LAPPARENT DE BROIN DE F. & VIDALENC D." box="[900,1094,1075,1099]" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Paleobiologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" pagination="141 - 333" part="37" refId="ref13826" refString="GODINOT M., LABARRERE H. - P., ERFURT J., FRANZEN J. L., LANGE- BADRE B., LAPPARENT DE BROIN DE F. & VIDALENC D. 2018. - Un nouveau gisement a vertebres eocenes, Rouzilhac (MP 10 - 11), dans la serie molassique d'Issel (Aude, France). Revue de Paleobiologie 37: 141 - 333." title="Un nouveau gisement a vertebres eocenes, Rouzilhac (MP 10 - 11), dans la serie molassique d'Issel (Aude, France)" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Godinot
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<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD2FFE9FC393E1FFB82FBF8" box="[990,1037,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFE9FCCA3E4EFAAAFB79" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3E4EFAAAFB79" blockId="9.[813,1455,1122,1226]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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DIAGNOSIS.
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<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD2FFE9FC473E4EFC36FBC9" bold="true" box="[928,953,1122,1146]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">—</emphasis>
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The new species is smaller than
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<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD2FFE9FB043E4EFA20FBC9" box="[1251,1455,1122,1146]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD2FFE9FB043E4EFAEFFBC9" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1952" box="[1251,1376,1122,1146]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leonhardtina</taxonomicName>
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godinoti
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</emphasis>
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(5% based on the length of the molars) and
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<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD2FFE9FB0F3E51FA20FB26" box="[1256,1455,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD2FFE9FB0F3E51FAE8FB26" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1952" box="[1256,1383,1149,1173]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="9" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leonhardtina</taxonomicName>
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gracilis
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</emphasis>
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(20%). It also differs from these species by a narrower postfossid on molars, and by relatively larger p3 relative to p4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD2FFEBFCCA3ECDFEB8FCC1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="9" pageNumber="192" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3ECDFBCBFB4A" blockId="9.[813,1092,1249,1273]" box="[813,1092,1249,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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MEASUREMENTS. —
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<tableCitation id="C6EB032FFFD2FFE9FC113ECDFBCBFB4A" box="[1014,1092,1249,1273]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas and Rouzilhac (MP10-MP11?).Body mass (c. 843.29 g) of L. meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas estimated after Morlo (1999)." pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Table 4.</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3F19FC32FAFF" blockId="9.[813,1456,1333,2030]" box="[813,957,1333,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCCA3F79FBCEF93D" blockId="9.[813,1456,1333,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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The upper teeth are represented by the M2 and M3 (
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<figureCitation id="13522A11FFD2FFE9FABD3F79FCCEFA23" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1962,1979]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas (MP10-MP11?): A, B, UM-AUM530,right maxillary fragment bearing M2 and M3; A, occlusal view; B, labial view;C-H, UM-AUM54 (Holotype),right mandible bearing p3 to m3; C, lingual view; D, labial view;E, occlusal view; F, occlusal close-up; G, lingual close-up; H, labial close-up. Abbreviations: me, metacone; pa, paracone; pr, protocone. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3894816/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
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). The M2 is characterized by the separation of the paracone and metacone. These cusps appear to be of similar height. The parastyle is well-developed. The metastyle is long and mainly buccally aligned. The protocone is extended buccolingually and mesiodistally short. The protofossa is worn. The M3 is buccolingually elongated. The parastyle is long. Only the paracone is visible; the metacone-metaconule area is broken. The protocone is almost as tall as the paracone. A paraconule is discernable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFE9FCA43CB8FBE7F8FD" blockId="9.[813,1456,1333,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
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The mandible is deep (
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<figureCitation id="13522A11FFD2FFE9FBA03CB8FB49F91C" box="[1095,1222,1684,1711]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1962,1979]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas (MP10-MP11?): A, B, UM-AUM530,right maxillary fragment bearing M2 and M3; A, occlusal view; B, labial view;C-H, UM-AUM54 (Holotype),right mandible bearing p3 to m3; C, lingual view; D, labial view;E, occlusal view; F, occlusal close-up; G, lingual close-up; H, labial close-up. Abbreviations: me, metacone; pa, paracone; pr, protocone. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3894816/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). The coronoid crest is slightly distally inclined; the angle between the coronoid crest and the body of the dentary is close to 100°. As in the two other hyaenodonts from Aumelas, a deep fossa for the insertion of the temporal muscle is present along the anterior margin of the coronoid crest.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD2FFEBFCA43D7FFEB8FCC1" blockId="9.[813,1456,1333,2030]" lastBlockId="11.[132,776,217,882]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">
|
|
The p3 is elongated mesiodistally and is longer than the p4 (
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6EB032FFFD2FFE9FC623D5FFC58F83E" box="[901,983,1907,1933]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas and Rouzilhac (MP10-MP11?).Body mass (c. 843.29 g) of L. meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas estimated after Morlo (1999)." pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
|
). The tooth is too damaged to describe its morphology (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13522A11FFD2FFE9FC2F3DBFFB86F81E" box="[968,1033,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1962,1979]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas (MP10-MP11?): A, B, UM-AUM530,right maxillary fragment bearing M2 and M3; A, occlusal view; B, labial view;C-H, UM-AUM54 (Holotype),right mandible bearing p3 to m3; C, lingual view; D, labial view;E, occlusal view; F, occlusal close-up; G, lingual close-up; H, labial close-up. Abbreviations: me, metacone; pa, paracone; pr, protocone. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3894816/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
F-H). The p4 probably had a paraconid, but the anterior part of the tooth is too damaged to be sure. The protoconid is robust. The talonid is short in length and bears two cusps: a hypoconid and a lingually located entoconid. The molars are similar in morphology except the m3 has a narrower and more mesiodistally elongated talonid than m1 and m2 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13522A11FFD0FFEBFDF03B15FDD8FEE0" box="[535,599,313,339]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1962,1979]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas (MP10-MP11?): A, B, UM-AUM530,right maxillary fragment bearing M2 and M3; A, occlusal view; B, labial view;C-H, UM-AUM54 (Holotype),right mandible bearing p3 to m3; C, lingual view; D, labial view;E, occlusal view; F, occlusal close-up; G, lingual close-up; H, labial close-up. Abbreviations: me, metacone; pa, paracone; pr, protocone. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3894816/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
F-H). The three teeth have a sharply pointed and mesiodistally compressed trigonid. The paraconid is lingually located relative to the protoconid. The metaconid is buccolingually aligned with the protoconid. The apexes of the metaconid and paraconid are worn preventing comparison of cusp height; the paraconid was however probably shorter in height than the metaconid. The talonid is almost as wide as the trigonid. The postfossid is narrow. The three talonid cusps are well individualized and bulbous. The talonid is labially oriented relative to the horizontal ramus as in primitive hyaenodonts (e.g.,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF2638B4FEB8FD02" box="[193,311,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Prototomus</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFEA338B4FE44FD02" box="[324,459,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Eoproviverra</emphasis>
|
|
). The hypoconulid is slightly taller than the two other talonid cusps. The hypoconulid and entoconid are close together. On the molars, the three talonid cusps are well-defined. The precingulid seems to have been present as well as an incipient postcingulid, but this is uncertain due to taphonomic processes. No ectocingulid is present.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF16661CFFD1FFEAFF633D86FC25F85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894816" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3894816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3894816/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="193" startId="10.[132,143,1962,1979]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" targetPageId="10">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD1FFEAFF633D86FC25F85A" blockId="10.[132,1457,1962,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">
|
|
<subScript id="17ED34D1FFD1FFEAFF633D86FF12F808" attach="left" box="[132,157,1962,1979]" fontSize="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">FIG</subScript>
|
|
. 3. —
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD1FFEAFF343D86FE28F808" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[211,423,1962,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="10" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFF343D86FE28F808" box="[211,423,1962,1979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">Leonhardtina meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD1FFEAFE4C3D86FE55F808" box="[427,474,1962,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
from Aumelas (MP10-MP11?):
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFD3B3D86FD66F808" bold="true" box="[732,745,1962,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">A</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFD143D86FC8FF808" bold="true" box="[755,768,1962,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">B</emphasis>
|
|
, UM-AUM530,right maxillary fragment bearing M2 and M3;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFB143D86FA8FF808" bold="true" box="[1267,1280,1962,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">A</emphasis>
|
|
, occlusal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFA643D86FA1FF808" bold="true" box="[1411,1424,1962,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">B</emphasis>
|
|
, labial view;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFF323DEDFF77F861" bold="true" box="[213,248,1985,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">C -H</emphasis>
|
|
, UM-AUM54 (Holotype),right mandible bearing p3 to m3;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFD3E3DEDFD68F861" bold="true" box="[729,743,1985,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">C</emphasis>
|
|
, lingual view;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFCBD3DEDFCE7F861" bold="true" box="[858,872,1985,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">D</emphasis>
|
|
, labial view;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFC373DEDFC53F861" bold="true" box="[976,988,1985,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">E</emphasis>
|
|
, occlusal view;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFBB83DEDFBE5F861" bold="true" box="[1119,1130,1985,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">F</emphasis>
|
|
, occlusal close-up;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFAE83DEDFA92F861" bold="true" box="[1295,1309,1985,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">G</emphasis>
|
|
, lingual close-up;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFF633DF4FF1DF85A" bold="true" box="[132,146,2008,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">H</emphasis>
|
|
, labial close-up. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFE7A3DF4FE36F85A" bold="true" box="[413,441,2008,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">me</emphasis>
|
|
, metacone;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFDC63DF4FDB8F85A" bold="true" box="[545,567,2008,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">pa</emphasis>
|
|
, paracone;
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD1FFEAFD7D3DF4FD22F85A" bold="true" box="[666,685,2008,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="193">pr</emphasis>
|
|
, protocone. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C373651FFFD0FFEBFF6339BAFB8BF85E" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFF6339BAFE84FC1D" blockId="11.[132,776,918,2030]" box="[132,267,918,944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFF63399BFECAFBE3" blockId="11.[132,776,918,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
The fossils of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFEF7399BFDAEFC62" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[272,545,951,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFEF7399BFDAEFC62" box="[272,545,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFDC0399BFDD0FC62" box="[551,607,951,977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
described differ from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFEF439FAFE0BFC43" authorityName="Lange-Badre & Haubold" authorityYear="1990" box="[275,388,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Matthodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Deltatheroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFEF439FAFE0BFC43" box="[275,388,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Matthodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFE5239FAFDBDFC43" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1967" box="[437,562,982,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Oxyaenoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFE5239FAFDBDFC43" box="[437,562,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Oxyaenoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by their smaller size; the p3 longer than the p4; the wide talonid on the molars; and the sharply pointed and mesiodistally compressed trigonid of the molars.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFF7C3E7AFE04FA5C" blockId="11.[132,776,918,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
According to our phylogenetic analysis (see below),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFD2C3E7BFF51FB23" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFD2C3E7BFF51FB23" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is closely related to
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFE483E5AFD2CFB23" box="[431,675,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Preregidens langebadrae</emphasis>
|
|
. This latter species is only represented by one mandible discovered at Saint-Papoul (MP8+9;
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37E7604FFD0FFEBFE9E3E9AFE4DFB63" box="[377,450,1206,1232]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">France</collectingCountry>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFE303E9AFD0EFB62" author="Sole" box="[471,641,1206,1233]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sole" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="1049 - 1072" refId="ref16133" refString="SOLE F., FALCONNET J. & VIDALENC D. 2015 a. - New fossil Hyaenodonta (Mammalia, Placentalia) from the Ypresian and Lutetian of France and the evolution of the Proviverrinae in southern Europe. Palaeontology 58: 1049 - 1072. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12198" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
|
Solé
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFDEF3E9AFDB6FB63" box="[520,569,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFD723E9AFC89FB63" box="[661,774,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Preregidens</emphasis>
|
|
shares with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFEE53EFAFE00FB43" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1952" box="[258,399,1238,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFEE53EFAFE00FB43" box="[258,399,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the presence of mesiodistally short trigonid and buccolingually narrow postfossid on molars. However,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF133F39FEE8FA9C" box="[244,359,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Preregidens</emphasis>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFE1E3F3AFDEFFA9C" box="[505,608,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFD7D3F3AFF4EFAFC" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFD7D3F3AFF4EFAFC" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFF2D3F1AFE88FAE3" box="[202,263,1334,1360]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
by having buccolingually narrower talonid on molars, the absence of postcingulid on molars, shorter talonid on m3, and possibly the p3 shorter than the p4 (the p3 is only represented by its alveoli on the sole known fossil of
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF633F99FF78FA7C" box="[132,247,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Preregidens</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFEEA3F99FE0FFA7C" box="[269,384,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Preregidens</emphasis>
|
|
also differs from
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFDD13F9AFD16FA7C" box="[566,665,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
by having a higher and sharper p4.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFF7C3FD9FEDCF95D" blockId="11.[132,776,918,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
The p3 longer than the p4, the wide talonid on the molars, and the sharply pointed and mesiodistally compressed trigonid of the molars are features that characterize the small hyaenodonts
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFF2D3C78FF24F93D" authority=", Proviverra, Lesmesodon, and Allopterodon" authorityName="Proviverra, Lesmesodon, and Allopterodon" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF2D3C78FED7F9DD" box="[202,344,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFE8E3C79FE59F9DD" box="[361,470,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Proviverra</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFE023C78FDD1F9DD" box="[485,606,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Lesmesodon</emphasis>
|
|
, and
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFD473C78FF24F93D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Allopterodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which form a clade in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFE563C58FDE1F93D" author="Sole" box="[433,622,1652,1678]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sole" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="878 - 917" refId="ref15999" refString="SOLE F., FALCONNET J. & LAURENT Y. 2014 a. - New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 878 - 917. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12155" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
|
|
Solé
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFE013C59FD94F93D" box="[486,539,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2014a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFD9A3C58FD4EF93C" author="Sole" box="[637,705,1652,1679]" firstAuthor="Sole" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="1049 - 1072" refId="ref16133" refString="SOLE F., FALCONNET J. & VIDALENC D. 2015 a. - New fossil Hyaenodonta (Mammalia, Placentalia) from the Ypresian and Lutetian of France and the evolution of the Proviverrinae in southern Europe. Palaeontology 58: 1049 - 1072. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pala. 12198" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). This clade is not recovered in the recent analyses (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFD473CB8FEADF97D" author="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J." journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref12849" refString="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J. 2017 c. - Taxonomic affinities of the enigmatic Prionogale breviceps, early Miocene, Kenya. Historical Biology: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2 017.1393075" title="Taxonomic affinities of the enigmatic Prionogale breviceps, early Miocene, Kenya" type="book chapter" year="2017">Borths & Stevens 2017c</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFED43C98FEE3F97D" author="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J." box="[307,364,1716,1742]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" refId="ref12895" refString="BORTHS M. R. & STEVENS N. J. 2019. - Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, ' Creodonta, ' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. https: // doi. org / 10.10 80 / 02724634.2019.1570222" title="Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, ' Creodonta, ' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya" type="book" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) nor in the phylogenetic analysis we performed (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13522A11FFD0FFEBFEE23CF8FECCF95D" box="[261,323,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1979]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,215,1864]" captionTargetId="graphics@12.[144,1443,215,1864]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Results of the phylogenetic analysis of Hyaenodonta character-taxon matrix. Results are visualized as an “all compact” (majority rule plus compatible groups) consensus tree. Major, named clades recovered or discussed in this analysis and recovered in other analyses are illustrated. In bold: new hyaenodonts species described herein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3894818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3894818/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFF7C3CD8FE14F85E" blockId="11.[132,776,918,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFF7C3CD8FE38F8BD" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[155,439,1780,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF7C3CD8FE38F8BD" box="[155,439,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFE273CD8FE71F8BD" box="[448,510,1780,1806]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFD753CD9FD70F8BD" box="[658,767,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Proviverra</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF633D38FF70F89D" box="[132,255,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Lesmesodon</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFEDC3D38FE4DF89D" box="[315,450,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Allopterodon</emphasis>
|
|
by having weakly developed labial cingulids on the p4 and the molars; the latter are indeed well-developed in the three European hyaenodontoid genera, notably
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF3D3D58FECBF83E" box="[218,324,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Proviverra</emphasis>
|
|
(Lange-Badré 1981;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFDC43D5FFF33F81E" author="MORLO M. & HABERSETZER J." journalOrPublisher="Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="31 - 73" part="216" refId="ref15267" refString="MORLO M. & HABERSETZER J. 1999. - The Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the lower Middle Eocene (MP 11) of Messel (Germany) with special remarks on new x-ray methods. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 216: 31 - 73." title="The Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the lower Middle Eocene (MP 11) of Messel (Germany) with special remarks on new x-ray methods" type="journal article" year="1999">Morlo & Habersetzer 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFF363DBFFED2F81E" box="[209,349,1939,1965]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFF363DBFFED2F81E" box="[209,349,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
further differs from these genera by having more oblique cristid obliqua, and narrower talonids and postfossids on the molars.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA43AF5FA20FE00" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
Some species of the genera
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFBBD3AF5FB75FF40" box="[1114,1274,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Cynohyaenodon</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAE13AF5FCDBFEA0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Paracynohyaenodon</emphasis>
|
|
, and
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC6A3AD5FBA7FEA0" box="[909,1064,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Quercytherium</emphasis>
|
|
are also close in size to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFAFB3AD5FA26FEA0" box="[1308,1449,249,275]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAFB3AD5FA26FEA0" box="[1308,1449,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, these genera clearly differ from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFB393B35FAE6FE80" box="[1246,1385,281,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB393B35FAE6FE80" box="[1246,1385,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the p3 shorter than the p4 and a mesiodistally elongated trigonid on molars. These features also distinguish
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFAC73B75FA20FEC0" box="[1312,1455,345,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAC73B75FA20FEC0" box="[1312,1455,345,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC8B3B55FC38FE21" box="[876,951,377,402]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Boritia</emphasis>
|
|
, a monospecific genus phylogenetically close to
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFCAD3BB4FC60FE01" box="[842,1007,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Cynohyaenodon</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC193BB4FB43FE01" box="[1022,1228,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Paracynohyaenodon</emphasis>
|
|
, and
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAED3BB4FA27FE01" box="[1290,1448,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Quercytherium</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA43B94FA20FCA1" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
The weakly developed labial cingulids on the molars are also found in late Ypresian and early Lutetian genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFAFA3BF4FA27FE41" box="[1309,1448,472,498]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAFA3BF4FA27FE41" box="[1309,1448,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This genus is represented by two species:
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB1C3BD5FAFEFDA1" box="[1275,1393,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. godinoti</emphasis>
|
|
from Grauves (Ypresian, MP10;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFBB13834FA85FD81" author="Sole" box="[1110,1290,536,562]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sole" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="878 - 917" refId="ref15999" refString="SOLE F., FALCONNET J. & LAURENT Y. 2014 a. - New proviverrines (Hyaenodontida) from the early Eocene of Europe; phylogeny and ecological evolution of the Proviverrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 878 - 917. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12155" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
|
|
Solé
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB6D3835FB30FD81" box="[1162,1215,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2014a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAAE3835FA3FFD81" box="[1353,1456,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
from Geiseltal-Untere Mittelkohle and Geiseltal-Obere Mittelkohle (Lutetian, MP12-13;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFB8B3874FB70FDC0" author="MATTHES H. W." box="[1132,1279,600,627]" journalOrPublisher="Hallesches Jahrbuch fur Mitteldeutsche Erdgeschichte" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="201 - 240" part="1" refId="ref15118" refString="MATTHES H. W. 1952. - Die Creodontier aus der mitteleozanen Braunkohle des Geiseltales. Hallesches Jahrbuch fur Mitteldeutsche Erdgeschichte 1: 201 - 240." title="Die Creodontier aus der mitteleozanen Braunkohle des Geiseltales" type="journal article" year="1952">Matthes 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Lange-Badré & Haubold 1990). The fossils from Aumelas are smaller than other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFC8B38B4FC74FD01" box="[876,1019,664,690]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC8B38B4FC74FD01" box="[876,1019,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species: 5% smaller than
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAE838B4FA0EFD01" box="[1295,1409,664,690]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. godinoti</emphasis>
|
|
and 20% smaller than
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC143894FBD6FD62" box="[1011,1113,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
. The newly described fossils are 15-20% larger than those of
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFBBD38F4FA89FD42" box="[1114,1286,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Proviverra typica</emphasis>
|
|
, which is found with
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC8438D4FC48FCA2" box="[867,967,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
in Geiseltal (Lange-Badré & Haubold 1990).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA4393BFA87FC42" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
The new fossils also differ from the two species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFA943934FC05FCE2" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFA943934FC05FCE2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a relatively larger p3. The ratio of p3 length to p4 length equals 1.21 for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFB243974FAE7FCC2" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[1219,1384,855,881]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB243974FAE7FCC2" box="[1219,1384,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFA963974FA20FCC1" box="[1393,1455,856,882]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
The ratio equals
|
|
<quantity id="4C919B71FFD0FFEBFC03395BFBBBFC22" box="[996,1076,887,913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6416" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" unit="in" value="1.04">1.04 in</quantity>
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFBDB3954FB3EFC22" box="[1084,1201,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. godinoti</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<quantity id="4C919B71FFD0FFEBFB0E395BFAB6FC22" box="[1257,1337,887,913]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" unit="in" value="1.08">1.08 in</quantity>
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAA63954FA27FC22" box="[1345,1448,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
. However, the ratio in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFBF839BBFB4EFC02" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[1055,1217,919,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFBF839BBFB4EFC02" box="[1055,1217,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFB2E39BBFA8AFC02" box="[1225,1285,919,945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
may be overestimated because the p3 and p4 are crushed, which probably results in lengthening the p3 measurement.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA439DAFC20FAA3" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B65FFD0FFEBFCA439DAFBA2FBA2" author="GODINOT M. & LABARRERE H. - P. & ERFURT J. & FRANZEN J. L. & LANGE- BADRE B. & LAPPARENT DE BROIN DE F. & VIDALENC D." box="[835,1069,1014,1041]" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Paleobiologie" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" pagination="141 - 333" part="37" refId="ref13826" refString="GODINOT M., LABARRERE H. - P., ERFURT J., FRANZEN J. L., LANGE- BADRE B., LAPPARENT DE BROIN DE F. & VIDALENC D. 2018. - Un nouveau gisement a vertebres eocenes, Rouzilhac (MP 10 - 11), dans la serie molassique d'Issel (Aude, France). Revue de Paleobiologie 37: 141 - 333." title="Un nouveau gisement a vertebres eocenes, Rouzilhac (MP 10 - 11), dans la serie molassique d'Issel (Aude, France)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Godinot
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC4F39DBFC53FBA3" box="[936,988,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described a mandible discovered in the locality of Rouzilhac (Aude,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37E7604FFD0FFEBFB763E3BFB52FB82" box="[1169,1245,1047,1073]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">France</collectingCountry>
|
|
; MP10b) that they referred to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFC483E1AFBCCFBE3" box="[943,1091,1078,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC483E1AFBCCFBE3" box="[943,1091,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB963E1AFB32FBE3" box="[1137,1213,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
. The teeth preserved on the mandible are very close in size to those preserved on UM-AUM54 (
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6EB032FFFD0FFEBFC1E3E5AFBC3FB23" box="[1017,1100,1142,1168]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="9.[132,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of Leonhardtina meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas and Rouzilhac (MP10-MP11?).Body mass (c. 843.29 g) of L. meridianum n. sp. from Aumelas estimated after Morlo (1999)." pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
|
). Moreover, the p4 and m3 are morphologically identical (e.g., talonid mesiodistally compressed on m3). Because of these similarities, we propose that MNHN.F.RZ142 and UM-AUM54 belong to the same taxon.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA43F39FA20FA23" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
The p3 and p4 are better preserved on the fossil from Rouzilhac: the ratio p3 length/p4 length equals
|
|
<quantity id="4C919B71FFD0FFEBFAD93F19FAF0FAFC" box="[1342,1407,1333,1359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
|
|
this specimen. This is consistent with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFB6D3F7AFAAAFADC" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[1162,1317,1365,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB6D3F7AFAAAFADC" box="[1162,1317,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFACD3F7AFAECFAC3" box="[1322,1379,1366,1392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
having a relatively large p3 compared to
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB6F3F5AFB78FA3C" box="[1160,1271,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. godinoti</emphasis>
|
|
and in
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAA23F5AFA27FA3C" box="[1349,1448,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA43FBAFBC3F93C" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFCA43FBAFC6BFA1C" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[835,996,1429,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFCA43FBAFC6BFA1C" box="[835,996,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFC0C3FBAFBA8FA03" box="[1003,1063,1430,1456]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
differs from the other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFAC73FB9FA20FA1C" box="[1312,1455,1429,1455]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAC73FB9FA20FA1C" box="[1312,1455,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species by having narrower talonids and postfossids and a more oblique cristid obliqua on the molars. The morphology of the talonids of the molars on UM-AUM54 are similar to the earliest European hyaenodonts such as
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFACE3C39FA20F99D" box="[1321,1455,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Eoproviverra</emphasis>
|
|
(Rians; Ypresian,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC093C19FC70F9FD" box="[1006,1023,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">c.</emphasis>
|
|
MP7) and
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFB993C18FB67F9FD" box="[1150,1256,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Parvagula</emphasis>
|
|
(Palette, Fournes, Fordones; Ypresian,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFBFB3C79FBA1F9DD" box="[1052,1070,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">c.</emphasis>
|
|
MP7) rather than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFAF63C78FC3DF93D" authority=", Allopterodon" authorityName="Allopterodon" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFAF63C78FA27F9DD" box="[1297,1448,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFCCA3C58FC3DF93D" box="[813,946,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Allopterodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC3F3C59FBCAF93D" box="[984,1093,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Proviverra</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA43CB8FBF4F89D" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
The upper teeth (M2 and M3) are poorly preserved and not very diagnostic. However, they are morphologically similar to those of
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC163CF8FB44F95D" box="[1009,1227,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFC163CF8FBF1F95D" box="[1009,1150,1748,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leonhardtina</taxonomicName>
|
|
gracilis
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
in having a separated paracone and metacone; a buccally aligned metastyle; and a lingually elongated protocone.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD63694FFD0FFEBFCA43D18FB8BF85E" blockId="11.[813,1456,217,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
|
|
To conclude, the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFC1B3D1FFB06F8FE" box="[1020,1161,1843,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFC1B3D1FFB06F8FE" box="[1020,1161,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species found at Aumelas is smaller than the two
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFBF43D7FFB2DF8DE" box="[1043,1186,1875,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFBF43D7FFB2DF8DE" box="[1043,1186,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Leonhardtina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species known in northwestern Europe, and has the potentially primitive feature of a narrower talonid and postfossid on molars. However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D17FFD0FFEBFCCA3D98FC41F87E" authority="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau, 2020" authorityName="Solé & Marandat & Lihoreau" authorityYear="2020" box="[813,974,1971,1997]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyaenodontidae" genus="Leonhardtina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Creodonta" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridianum" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEA86FFD0FFEBFCCA3D98FC41F87E" box="[813,974,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">L. meridianum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E57FDFFD0FFEBFC313D98FB9CF87D" box="[982,1043,1972,1998]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
has the potentially derived feature of a relatively long p3.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |