treatments-xml/data/03/A8/00/03A8001077ECFF17FF14A0E2948FF81A.xml

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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1000,905,965]" box="[151,1000,905,931]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,1000,905,931]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest, 1993" authorityName="Diaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,1000,905,931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudospongosorites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberitoides">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,1000,905,931]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,556,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Pseudospongosorites suberitoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" box="[571,992,905,931]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">Díaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest, 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1000,905,965]" box="[151,322,940,965]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<figureCitation box="[151,282,940,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="188.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@188.[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetPageId="188" captionText="FIGURE 118. Pseudospongosorites suberitoides (Díaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest, 1993), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9299 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9778 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, small oxea, c 1 detail of c." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273068/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figures 118</figureCitation>
a–c
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1436,1012,1095]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz et al., 1993: 299" authorityName="Diaz et al." authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,661,1012,1034]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Spongosorites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberitoides">
<emphasis box="[151,426,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Spongosorites suberitoides</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Diaz" box="[434,661,1012,1034]" page="299" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" box="[434,610,1012,1034]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Díaz 
<emphasis box="[489,542,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 299
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 28, 34; 
<treatmentCitation author="Sandford" box="[799,993,1012,1034]" page="74" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation author="Sandford" box="[799,954,1012,1034]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Sandford, F. (1995) Shell / sponge switching by hermit crabs, Pagurus impressus. Invertebrate Biolology, 14, 73 - 78." type="journal article" year="1995">Sandford 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 74
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1; 
<treatmentCitation author="Sandford" box="[1075,1387,1012,1034]" page="218" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation author="Sandford" box="[1075,1335,1012,1034]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Sandford, F. &amp; Brown, C. (1997) Gastropod shell substrates of the Florida hermit crab sponge, Spongosorites suberitoides, from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 61 (2), 215 - 223." type="journal article" year="1997">Sandford &amp; Brown 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 218
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1–3; 
<treatmentCitation author="Sandford" box="[250,622,1042,1064]" page="317" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation author="Sandford" box="[250,571,1042,1064]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Sandford, F. &amp; Kelly-Borges, M. (1997) Rediscription of the hermit-crab sponge Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz, Pomponi and Van Soest (Demospongiae: Halichondrida: Halichondriidae). Journal of Natural History, 31, 315 - 328." type="journal article" year="1997">Sandford &amp; Kelly-Borges 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 317
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1436,1012,1095]" box="[151,826,1073,1095]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,826,1073,1095]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicName box="[151,496,1073,1095]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Pseudospongosorites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="suberitoides">
<emphasis box="[151,496,1073,1095]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Pseudospongosorites suberitoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; McCormack &amp; 
<treatmentCitation author="Kelly" box="[668,822,1073,1095]" page="11" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation author="Kelly" box="[668,785,1073,1095]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Pomponi, S. A., Kelly, M., Reed, J. K. &amp; Wright, A. E. (2001) Diversity and bathymetric distribution of lithistid sponges in the tropical western Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 344 - 353." type="journal article" year="2001">Kelly 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1437,1140,1920]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726562" collectingDate="1969-03-24" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="36" latitude="6.542" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="554" longitude="-55.26" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,387,1140,1165]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[396,480,1141,1164]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 6293, 
<collectingCountry box="[616,726,1140,1165]" name="Suriname" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[745,944,1140,1164]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’ 
<collectingCountry box="[992,1079,1140,1164]" name="Guyana" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station A68, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,245,1175,1200]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="55" value="6.542">6.542°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[254,356,1175,1200]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="555" value="-55.26">55.26°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[440,502,1175,1200]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="36.0">
<elevation box="[440,502,1175,1200]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Agassiz trawl, 
<date box="[688,866,1175,1200]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1969-03-24">
<collectingDate box="[688,866,1175,1200]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1969-03-24">24 March 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726555" collectingDate="1966-05-06" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="59" latitude="7.0033" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.4417" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[880,964,1176,1199]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9299, 
<collectingCountry box="[1099,1209,1175,1200]" name="Suriname" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[1227,1431,1175,1200]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[151,238,1212,1236]" name="Guyana" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F40, 
<geoCoordinate box="[592,701,1212,1236]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="7.0033">7.0033°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[709,837,1212,1237]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="-56.4417">56.4417°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[920,980,1212,1237]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="59.0">
<elevation box="[920,980,1212,1237]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, 
<date box="[1147,1287,1212,1237]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1966-05-06">
<collectingDate box="[1147,1287,1212,1237]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1966-05-06">6 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726573" collectingDate="1969-04-25" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="42" latitude="6.505" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-54.9833" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1300,1384,1213,1236]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9778, 
<collectingCountry box="[224,334,1247,1272]" name="Suriname" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[352,553,1248,1272]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’ 
<collectingCountry box="[591,678,1248,1272]" name="Guyana" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station I119, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1049,1144,1247,1272]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="55" value="6.505">6.505°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1154,1282,1247,1272]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="-54.9833">54.9833°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1369,1431,1248,1272]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="42.0">
<elevation box="[1369,1431,1248,1272]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="42.0">42 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Agassiz trawl, 
<date box="[321,485,1284,1309]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1969-04-25">
<collectingDate box="[321,485,1284,1309]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1969-04-25">25 April 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726561" collectingDate="1966-05-03" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="50" latitude="6.7417" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-55.9933" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[498,582,1285,1308]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9842, 
<collectingCountry box="[715,825,1284,1309]" name="Suriname" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[843,1045,1284,1309]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[1059,1146,1284,1308]" name="Guyana" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station D32, 
<geoCoordinate box="[213,321,1319,1344]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="6.7417">6.7417°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[328,456,1319,1344]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="-55.9933">55.9933°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[536,616,1319,1344]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="49.5">
<elevation box="[536,616,1319,1344]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="49.5">49.5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand, shells, 
<date box="[856,994,1319,1344]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1966-05-03">
<collectingDate box="[856,994,1319,1344]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1966-05-03">3 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726556" collectingDate="1969-04-22" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="89" latitude="7.305" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-54.605" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1004,1088,1320,1343]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9915, 
<collectingCountry box="[1216,1326,1319,1344]" name="Suriname" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’ 
<collectingCountry box="[288,375,1356,1380]" name="Guyana" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station J112, 
<geoCoordinate box="[732,827,1356,1381]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="55" value="7.305">7.305°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[834,949,1356,1381]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" precision="55" value="-54.605">54.605°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1029,1109,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="88.5">
<elevation box="[1029,1109,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="88.5">88.5 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1121,1281,1356,1381]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1969-04-22">
<collectingDate box="[1121,1281,1356,1381]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" value="1969-04-22">22 April 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1437,1140,1920]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1391,1416]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Description.</emphasis>
Irregularly globular to flattened sponges (
<figureCitation box="[850,959,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="188.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@188.[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetPageId="188" captionText="FIGURE 118. Pseudospongosorites suberitoides (Díaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest, 1993), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9299 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9778 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, small oxea, c 1 detail of c." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273068/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figs 118</figureCitation>
a,a1), inhabited by a hermit crab (which usually has a gastropod as its primary house), resembling similar 
<taxonomicName box="[926,1030,1428,1453]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[926,1030,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Suberites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-hermit crab associations (‘mobile’ sponges). Surface undulating but smooth. Usually with a single larger oscule at the opposite side of the hermit crab hole. Color in alcohol yellow to grey. Size variable, from 
<quantity box="[797,852,1500,1524]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
to 
<quantity box="[888,956,1500,1524]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency firm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1437,1140,1920]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1535,1560]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Skeleton.</emphasis>
At the surface a palisade of spicules, internally confused with vague tracts and large numbers of loose spicules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1437,1140,1920]" box="[199,606,1607,1632]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1607,1632]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[319,416,1607,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="188.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@188.[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetPageId="188" captionText="FIGURE 118. Pseudospongosorites suberitoides (Díaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest, 1993), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9299 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9778 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, small oxea, c 1 detail of c." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273068/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figs 118</figureCitation>
b–c) Oxeas only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1437,1140,1920]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
Oxeas, predominantly sharply pointed, occasionally with stylote modifications, in a large size range, divisible in a (1) larger (
<figureCitation box="[341,449,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="188.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@188.[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetPageId="188" captionText="FIGURE 118. Pseudospongosorites suberitoides (Díaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest, 1993), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9299 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9778 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, small oxea, c 1 detail of c." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273068/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figs 118</figureCitation>
b,b1), 231–279 µm, and a (2) smaller (
<figureCitation box="[916,1026,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="188.[151,250,1087,1109]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetId="figure@188.[151,1436,195,1065]" captionTargetPageId="188" captionText="FIGURE 118. Pseudospongosorites suberitoides (Díaz, Pomponi &amp; Van Soest, 1993), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9299 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, habitus of RMNH Por. 9778 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, small oxea, c 1 detail of c." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273068/files/figure.png" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Figs 118</figureCitation>
c,c1), 99–186 µm category; overall dimensions 99– 
<emphasis box="[327,369,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">214</emphasis>
–279 
<date box="[432,466,1716,1740]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">x 4</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[481,516,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">5.6</emphasis>
–7 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1437,1140,1920]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,509,1751,1776]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[521,608,1752,1776]" name="Guyana" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, 
<collectingRegion box="[699,875,1751,1776]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
North 
<collectingRegion box="[776,875,1751,1776]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Carolina" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Carolina</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
, Gulf of 
<collectingCountry box="[991,1079,1751,1776]" name="Mexico" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<collectingRegion box="[991,1079,1751,1776]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1096,1180,1751,1776]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Florida</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1196,1314,1751,1776]" name="Venezuela" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, on sandy bottoms from the intertidal down to 
<quantity box="[557,635,1788,1813]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="88.5">88.5 m</quantity>
depth (
<collectingCountry box="[718,807,1788,1812]" name="Guyana" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf 
<quantity box="[881,1004,1788,1813]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.225" metricValueMax="8.85" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="62.25" valueMax="88.5" valueMin="36.0">36–88.5 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="187.[151,1437,1140,1920]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1823,1848]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Remarks.</emphasis>
Several studies about the behavior of pagurid crabs, 
<taxonomicName box="[943,1150,1823,1848]" class="Malacostraca" family="Diogenidae" genus="Paguristes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hummi">
<emphasis box="[943,1150,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Paguristes hummi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1212,1429,1825,1848]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Pagurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressus">
<emphasis box="[1212,1429,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Pagurus impressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inhabiting this sponge have been published (
<bibRefCitation author="Sandford" box="[663,836,1860,1885]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Sandford, F. (1994) The Florida hermit-crab sponge, a little known &quot; mobile &quot; sponge from the NE corner of the Gulf of Mexico, and its hermit crab associations. In: Van Soest, R. W. M., Van Kempen, T. M. G. &amp; Braekman, J. C. (Eds.), Sponges in time and space. Proceedings IFth International Porifera Congress, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 19 - 23 April 1993. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 273 - 278." type="journal article" year="1994">Sandford 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Sandford" box="[849,908,1860,1885]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Sandford, F. (1995) Shell / sponge switching by hermit crabs, Pagurus impressus. Invertebrate Biolology, 14, 73 - 78." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Sandford" box="[923,1212,1860,1885]" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refString="Sandford, F. &amp; Brown, C. (1997) Gastropod shell substrates of the Florida hermit crab sponge, Spongosorites suberitoides, from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 61 (2), 215 - 223." type="journal article" year="1997">Sandford &amp; Brown 1997</bibRefCitation>
). The species has a wide distribution, which is further extended east and southward, and deeper, by the present records.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>