treatments-xml/data/03/A8/00/03A800107768FFECFF14A3B5948BFC8E.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107768FFECFF14A3B5948BFC8E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>225</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698614" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698614" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107768FFECFF14A3B5948BFC8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107768FFECFF14A3B5948BFC8E" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="63.[151,752,222,282]" box="[151,752,222,248]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,752,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,752,222,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Thrinacophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="funiformis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,752,222,248]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,470,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Thrinacophora funiformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley" box="[478,752,222,248]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="63.[151,752,222,282]" box="[151,309,257,282]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<figureCitation box="[151,269,257,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figures 41</figureCitation>
a–e
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="63.[151,1435,329,382]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 484" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityPageNumber="484" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,716,329,351]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Thrinacophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="funiformis">
<emphasis box="[151,416,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Thrinacophora funiformis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Ridley" box="[425,716,329,351]" page="484" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley" box="[425,663,329,351]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 484
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Ridley" box="[728,1014,329,351]" page="195" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley" box="[728,962,329,351]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i - lxviii, 1 - 275." type="journal article" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 195
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. XIII fig. 1, pl. XXIV fig. 1; 
<treatmentCitation author="Hooper" page="494" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation author="Hooper" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (2002 a) Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, 469 - 510." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Hooper 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 494
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 14 (redescription of 
<typeStatus box="[571,665,360,382]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">holotype</typeStatus>
); Muricy 
<emphasis box="[763,814,360,382]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 150 (with further Brazilan records).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph blockId="63.[151,1435,1336,1419]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,287,1336,1358]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[293,794,1336,1358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Thrinacophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="funiformis">
<emphasis box="[293,557,1336,1358]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Thrinacophora funiformis</emphasis>
Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b–e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b1, details of b, c, oxea, c1, details of c, d, ‘cladostyle’, d1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e1, detail of e showing individual raphides.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="63.[151,1437,1458,2023]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726421" collectingDate="1969-04-25" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="33" latitude="6.4717" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-55.0033" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,388,1458,1483]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[398,482,1459,1482]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9312, 9810, 9847, 
<collectingCountry box="[770,880,1458,1483]" name="Suriname" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[899,1099,1459,1483]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’ 
<collectingCountry box="[1138,1225,1459,1483]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station I121, 
<geoCoordinate box="[310,419,1494,1519]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="6.4717">6.4717°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[431,560,1494,1519]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="-55.0033">55.0033°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[652,717,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="33.0">
<elevation box="[652,717,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, triangular dredge, 
<date box="[953,1125,1494,1519]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1969-04-25">
<collectingDate box="[953,1125,1494,1519]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1969-04-25">25 April 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726420" collectingDate="1970-09-05" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="65" latitude="7.7" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7821" longitude="-57.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1143,1227,1495,1518]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9323, 9370, 
<collectingCountry box="[151,241,1531,1555]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[373,460,1531,1555]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 107, 
<geoCoordinate box="[823,889,1531,1555]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5555" value="7.7">7.7°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[899,986,1530,1555]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5555" value="-57.5">57.5°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1072,1134,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="65.0">
<elevation box="[1072,1134,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, muddy sand bottom with shells, 
<date box="[231,443,1566,1591]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-05">
<collectingDate box="[231,443,1566,1591]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-05">5 September 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726415" collectingDate="1970-09-03" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="23" latitude="6.8667" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.5167" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[456,540,1567,1590]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9356, 
<collectingCountry box="[675,765,1567,1591]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[896,983,1567,1591]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 96, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1436,1566,1591]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="6.8667">6.8667°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,279,1602,1627]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="-57.5167">57.5167°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[360,420,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="23.0">
<elevation box="[360,420,1603,1627]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, muddy sand and shells, 
<date box="[700,907,1602,1627]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-03">
<collectingDate box="[700,907,1602,1627]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-03">3 September 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726399" collectingDate="1970-09-03" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="24" latitude="6.9" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7828" longitude="-57.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[919,1003,1603,1626]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9767, 
<collectingCountry box="[1132,1222,1603,1627]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[1349,1436,1603,1627]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 95, 
<geoCoordinate box="[484,550,1638,1663]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5555" value="6.9">6.9°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[558,645,1638,1663]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5555" value="-57.5">57.5°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[729,831,1639,1663]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">
<elevation box="[729,831,1639,1663]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, mixed hard bottom, 
<date box="[1076,1286,1638,1663]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-03">
<collectingDate box="[1076,1286,1638,1663]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-03">3 September 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726405" collectingDate="1970-08-24" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Suriname" elevation="44" latitude="6.6" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="5582" longitude="-53.55" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1299,1383,1639,1662]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9808, 
<collectingCountry box="[228,338,1674,1699]" name="Suriname" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[478,565,1675,1699]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 5, 
<geoCoordinate box="[919,985,1674,1699]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5555" value="6.6">6.6°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[999,1100,1674,1699]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="555" value="-53.55">53.55°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1194,1260,1675,1699]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="44.0">
<elevation box="[1194,1260,1675,1699]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="44.0">44 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, trawl, bottom calcareous sand, 
<date box="[350,540,1711,1735]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-08-24">
<collectingDate box="[350,540,1711,1735]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-08-24">24 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726427" collectingDate="1970-09-02" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="26" latitude="6.9333" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="5514" longitude="-57.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[556,640,1711,1734]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9829, 
<collectingCountry box="[781,871,1711,1735]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[1006,1093,1711,1735]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 94, 
<geoCoordinate box="[151,259,1746,1771]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="6.9333">6.9333°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[269,356,1746,1771]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5555" value="-57.5">57.5°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[443,506,1746,1771]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="26.0">
<elevation box="[443,506,1746,1771]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom muddy sand and shells, 
<date box="[892,1105,1746,1771]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-02">
<collectingDate box="[892,1105,1746,1771]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-02">2 September 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726436" collectingDate="1970-09-02" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="59" latitude="7.5667" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.2667" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1120,1204,1747,1770]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9832, 
<collectingCountry box="[1342,1432,1747,1771]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[271,358,1783,1807]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 87, 
<geoCoordinate box="[715,824,1782,1807]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="7.5667">7.5667°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[835,964,1782,1807]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="-57.2667">57.2667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1054,1117,1782,1807]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="59.0">
<elevation box="[1054,1117,1782,1807]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand and shells, 
<date pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-02">
<collectingDate pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-09-02">2 September 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726430" collectingDate="1966-05-10" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="68" latitude="7.26" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.6667" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[351,435,1819,1842]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9881, 
<collectingCountry box="[566,676,1818,1843]" name="Suriname" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[693,896,1818,1843]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[909,996,1819,1843]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station G56, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1356,1436,1818,1843]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="555" value="7.26">7.26°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[151,279,1854,1879]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="-56.6667">56.6667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[367,471,1854,1879]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="67.0">
<elevation box="[367,471,1854,1879]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="67.0">67–68 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Agassiz trawl, 
<date box="[660,819,1854,1879]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1966-05-10">
<collectingDate box="[660,819,1854,1879]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1966-05-10">10 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726441" collectingDate="1970-08-31" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="71" latitude="7.5833" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[834,918,1855,1878]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9945, 
<collectingCountry box="[1056,1146,1855,1879]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’ 
<collectingCountry box="[1280,1367,1855,1879]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 63, 
<geoCoordinate box="[424,533,1890,1915]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="7.5833">7.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[544,673,1890,1915]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="-57.0667">57.0667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[762,825,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation box="[762,825,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, sandy bottom, 
<date box="[1016,1206,1891,1915]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-08-31">
<collectingDate box="[1016,1206,1891,1915]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1970-08-31">31 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726432" collectingDate="1966-05-05" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="81" latitude="7.23" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-56.4067" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode box="[1222,1306,1891,1914]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9971, 
<collectingCountry box="[151,261,1926,1951]" name="Suriname" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘ 
<collectorName box="[276,477,1926,1951]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’ 
<collectingCountry box="[489,576,1927,1951]" name="Guyana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F38, 
<geoCoordinate box="[923,1003,1927,1951]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="555" value="7.23">7.23°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1010,1139,1926,1951]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" precision="5" value="-56.4067">56.4067°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity box="[1218,1277,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="81.0">
<elevation box="[1218,1277,1927,1951]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="81.0">81 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1288,1426,1926,1951]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1966-05-05">
<collectingDate box="[1288,1426,1926,1951]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1966-05-05">5 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="63.[151,1437,1458,2023]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1962,1987]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[359,447,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs 41</figureCitation>
a,a1) Strongly conulose branches, longest among the numerous collected specimens was 
<quantity box="[151,226,1998,2023]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="86.0">86 cm</quantity>
. Branches may be single, but usually have longer or shorter side branches in a low frequency. Thickness around 
<quantity box="[237,298,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
, with conules making up about half or more of that. Color in alcohol various shades of dark red to brown. Consistency firm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,223,248]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Skeleton.</emphasis>
An axially condensed reticulation of oxeas and styles, with the latter in ascending tracts and the oxeas interconnecting. Extra-axial skeleton consisting of single styles surrounded by bundles of thin crooked ‘cladostyles’, 80–100 µm in diameter, forming the characteristic conical surface projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1007,332,357]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,332,357]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[319,402,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 41</figureCitation>
b–e) Long styles, oxeas, ‘cladostyles’, trichodragmas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Long styles (
<figureCitation box="[344,432,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 41</figureCitation>
b,b1) of the conules and ectosomal region, smooth, slightly curved, about equidiametrical over much of the length, 538– 
<emphasis box="[488,530,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">992</emphasis>
– 
<date box="[545,654,404,429]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1398-10-16">1398 x 16</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[670,719,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">25.1</emphasis>
–32 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1331,439,464]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Oxeas (
<figureCitation box="[284,372,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 41</figureCitation>
c,c1), curved, gradually or abruptly, sharply pointed, 324– 
<emphasis box="[1020,1062,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">406</emphasis>
–482 
<date box="[1124,1172,440,464]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-10">x 13</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[1188,1237,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">19.7</emphasis>
–23 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
‘Cladostyles’ of the conules (
<figureCitation box="[533,623,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 41</figureCitation>
d,d1), thin, crooked or sinuous, equidiametrical, the opposite end of the normal rounded head end transformed to a multipronged apex (
<figureCitation box="[860,943,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
d1), 267– 
<emphasis box="[1047,1089,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">370</emphasis>
–439 x 3.5– 
<emphasis box="[1222,1257,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">5.2</emphasis>
–7 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1005,548,573]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Raphides in trichodragmas (
<figureCitation box="[514,603,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="63.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[151,1436,434,1314]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 41. Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9847 (scale bar = 1 cm), a 1, detail of one of the branches in a (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, style, b 1, details of b, c, oxea, c 1, details of c, d, ‘ cladostyle’, d 1, details of d, e, trichodragma, e 1, detail of e showing individual raphides." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272992/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs 41</figureCitation>
e,e1), 105– 
<emphasis box="[724,762,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">118</emphasis>
–129 
<date box="[827,861,549,572]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">x 7</date>
– 
<emphasis box="[876,911,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">8.4</emphasis>
–10 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1436,583,608]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1436,583,608]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,497,583,608]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[503,590,584,608]" name="Guyana" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, NE 
<collectingCountry box="[713,784,583,608]" name="Brazil" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, sandy bottom at 
<quantity box="[979,1078,584,608]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="46.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="12.0">12–81 m</quantity>
depth (
<collectingCountry box="[1160,1249,584,608]" name="Guyana" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf 
<quantity box="[1321,1424,584,608]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="52.0" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="23.0">23–81 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="64.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
The present specimens conform closely to Ridley &amp; Dendy’s description, including the peculiar ectosomal ‘cladostyles’ (sinuous styles with pronged apices). A second Central West Atlantic species is 
<taxonomicName authority="Wilson, 1902" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,576,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Thrinacophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis box="[151,415,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Thrinacophora spinosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson" box="[424,576,692,717]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Wilson, H. V. (1902) [1900] The sponges collected in Porto Rico in 1899 by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 2, 375 - 411." type="journal article" year="1902">Wilson, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 400), which is also quite similar in most aspects but lacks the pronged endings of the ectosomal styles. This latter feature is confirmed from examination of slides of the holotype USNM 7686. One further difference is the lesser thickness of the oxeas in 
<taxonomicName box="[897,1011,765,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Thrinacophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis box="[897,1011,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">T. spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(250–300 
<date box="[1132,1208,764,789]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2010-10-06">x 6–10</date>
µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>