108 lines
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108 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="3ABC4810837D8CC890D762D5F37057F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="22422" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.120" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5fb91ffb-69b9-4e0f-9626-08d75ab0cba8" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3780152" ID-ZooBank="54714320-5726-44CB-8FF5-60E0B984873D" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588343872265" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E." docDate="2015" docId="038E878CFF9FB152FE54FE14FC861A3D" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-120.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 120" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFB7FFF4FFA8B165FFB0FFEBFF941F34" masterDocTitle="Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698838308357" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="26AB8E58CAC81BEE5C9B1EBDF4B8BAAB">Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06FA9281E9B32AE2E52D8EC62A2A4161">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="57A81CC2DC08C29CAA9C41B92698D62F">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C97D8BE146D26CEC2A69B08EA52E78A2">
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<mods:date id="5042BD19C4527EE0B2D20E8228001FBE">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="97CBF1FD14BFB72A869584AFF8760522">2015-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6335C22D1C2EF350A94312303DA65EC1">120</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="252A8381415CBB1A580800838AF10F35">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0EABD6A34D34A8BF734F77B658360E87" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2015.120</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E878CFF9FB152FE54FE14FC861A3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163879835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3795069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E878CFF9FB152FE54FE14FC861A3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E878CFF9FB152FE54FE14FC861A3D" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF9FB152FE54FE14FB0F1D2E" box="[484,1179,511,538]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFF9FB152FE54FE14FB0F1D2E" blockId="55.[484,1179,511,573]" box="[484,1179,511,538]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0D081F6FF9FB152FE54FE14FB0F1D2E" box="[484,1179,511,538]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FDDCFE14FB0F1D2E" authority="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[620,1179,511,538]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmicinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF9FB152FDDCFE14FC911D2D" bold="true" box="[620,773,511,537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmicinae</emphasis>
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Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF9FB152FD05FDC9FC5F1D09" box="[693,971,546,573]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFF9FB152FD05FDC9FC5F1D09" blockId="55.[484,1179,511,573]" box="[693,971,546,573]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF9FB152FD05FDC9FC811D08" box="[693,789,546,572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[227,270,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[349,1305,302,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[348,1305,302,1757]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 4. Male morphology. A–C. Abdominal sternum IX in ventral view. B. Oblique. D–E. Petiole in lateral view. F. Forewing in dorsal view. G–H. Propodeum in lateral view. — A. Aenictogiton indet. (Zambia, CASENT0106126, M. Branstetter). B. Cerapachys “parasyscia” lineage (Kenya, B. Boudinot). C. Emeryopone buttelreepeni (Thailand, CASENT0278779, B. Boudinot). D. Paraponera clavata (?Panama, B. Boudinot). E. Cerapachys lividus (Madagascar, CASENT0138502, D. Raharinjanahary). F. Phaulomyrma indet. (Thailand, UCRENT150358, A. Nobile). G. Leptanillinae indet. (Thailand, CASENT0156249, B. Boudinot); arrow indicates dorsal margin of petiolar foramen. H. Adelomyrmex dentivagans; arrow indicates propodeal lobe. All scale bars = 0.2 mm, except D–E = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780158/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 4H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF9FB152FC91FDC9FCFF1D08" box="[801,875,546,573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[227,270,1756,1782]" captionTargetBox="[314,1363,302,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[314,1363,302,1734]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 5. Male morphology. A–C, F–I. Metasoma, lateral view. D–E. Head capsule, frontal view. — A. Myrmica latifrons (U.S.A., CASENT0104816, A. Nobile). B. Pseudomyrmex indet. (Mexico, CASENT0103327, A. Nobile). C. Nothomyrmecia macrops (Australia, CASENT0902784, Z. Lieberman); note that abdominal segment III is reduced relative to, but not differentiated from segment IV. D. Myrmecia pilosula (Australia, CASENT0902800, Z. Lieberman). E. Tetraponera indet. (Madagascar, CASENT0053316, A. Nobile). F. Tatzuidris tatusia (Panama, CASENT0178870, E. Prado). G. Acromyrmex volcanus (Costa Rica, INBIOCRI001283114, E. Ortega). H. Platythyrea arthuri (Mayotte, CASENT0132466, E. Prado). I. Formica pallidefulva (U.S.A., CASENT0172882, A." pageId="55" pageNumber="56">5A, G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131C2A1FFF9FB152FCC7FDC9FC001D08" box="[887,916,546,572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[227,270,1932,1958]" captionTargetBox="[227,1436,334,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[227,1436,333,1895]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 16. Male representatives of three subfamilies. A–B. Formica wheeleri, Formicinae (U.S.A., CASENT0173024, A. Nobile). C–D. Rhytidoponera, Ectatomminae, ectaheteromorph clade (Australia, CASENT0004610, A. Nobile). E–F. Pogonomyrmex rastratus (Argentina, CASENT0172673, A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3780180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3780180/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">16</figureCitation>
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D–E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF9FB152FF53FD88FD961CF2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFF9FB152FF53FD88FEC81D49" blockId="55.[227,348,611,637]" box="[227,348,611,637]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0D081F6FF9FB152FF53FD88FEC81D49" bold="true" box="[227,348,611,637]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF9FB152FF53FD88FEC81D49" bold="true" box="[227,348,611,637]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFF9FB152FF53FD79FD961CF2" blockId="55.[227,1437,658,966]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Male
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FE93FD79FE261D98" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[291,434,658,684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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are uniquely identified by the strongly petiolated third abdominal segment (postpetiole), axial helcium, 1,1 maximum ventroapical tibial spur count, unvaulted abdominal tergum IV, and presence of propodeal lobes. All myrmicines lack jugal lobes and have posteriorly-situated antennal toruli, but are highly variable otherwise: mandibles fully-developed to nub-like; antenna 8–13-merous; forewing with (0)1–8 eight closed cells; and petiole sessile to long-pedunculate. Some myrmicines, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FF53FCA9FE101C68" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1897" box="[227,388,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adelomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF9FB152FF53FCA9FE101C68" box="[227,388,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Adelomyrmex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FE0EFCA9FDE91C68" box="[446,637,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF9FB152FE0EFCA9FDE91C68" box="[446,637,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acanthognathus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, have extremely reduced wing venation similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FB64FCA9FAE71C68" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[1236,1395,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
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; all myrmicine taxa examined during this study with reduced wing venation have conspicuous propodeal lobes, differentiating them easily from
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FD13FC63FCAA1C96" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1910" box="[675,830,904,930]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
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despite secondary petiolation of abdominal segment III in some leptanillines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D6511FF9FB152FF53FC06FC861A3D" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFF9FB152FF53FC06FEFE1B33" blockId="55.[227,362,1005,1031]" box="[227,362,1005,1031]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0D081F6FF9FB152FF53FC06FEFE1B33" bold="true" box="[227,362,1005,1031]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF9FB152FF53FC06FEFE1B33" bold="true" box="[227,362,1005,1031]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Comments</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B98369AFF9FB152FF53FBF7FC861A3D" blockId="55.[227,1436,1052,1289]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Of all the ant subfamilies, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FDE4FBF7FD771B02" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[596,739,1052,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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will be the grand challenge to understand with respect to males. At the time of writing, 139 valid genera and 6,500 valid species are described. Males of at least 30 genera are unknown, but as generic delimitation is still very active in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FB8DFB89FB581B48" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[1085,1228,1122,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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some uncertainty exists for this number. Based on a study of the New World genera (B. Boudinot, in prep.), distinctions between genera may be weak and in many cases genera will have to be keyed multiple times due to variability. The recent subfamily-wide phylogeny of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B6BFF9FB152FCE4FB27FBBA1BD2" author="Ward P. S. & Brady S. G. & Fisher B. L. & Schultz T. R." box="[852,1070,1227,1254]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="61 - 81" refId="ref33114" refString="Ward P. S., Brady S. G., Fisher B. L. & Schultz T. R. 2015. The evolution of myrmicine ants: Phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 40: 61 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12090" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Ward
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<emphasis id="B953EA88FF9FB152FC2BFB26FC431BD2" box="[923,983,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
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(2015)
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</bibRefCitation>
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will contribute significantly to improving the classification of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D19FF9FB152FDCBFB04FC9A1A3D" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[635,782,1263,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |