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<document id="619746B0D0706341D9382A958F7E57E2" ID-CLB-Dataset="299408" ID-DOI="10.21307/jofnem-2021-015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34b6c34f-7f6d-4ddd-a91b-5a378e75e82f" ID-ISSN="2640-396X" ID-PMC="PMC8039978" ID-PubMed="33860241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12175565" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1718848515709" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Munawar, Maria, Yevtushenko, Dmytro P. &amp; Castillo, Pablo" docDate="2021" docId="D4508794B20AFB7B38ACFCB3AC90F9F7" docLanguage="en" docName="JNematol.53.1.015.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Nematology 53 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-015" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF.2:JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF" docStyleName="JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Geocenamus brevidens Siddiqi 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="2869FFECB208FB79383BFF8DAF1DFFBC" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy, distribution, and host associations of Geocenamus brevidens and Quinisulcius capitatus from southern Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1719951329691" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="47DBB5B1C18D538CA9E35EE7D7979B7E">Integrative taxonomy, distribution, and host associations of Geocenamus brevidens and Quinisulcius capitatus from southern Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC32EE6A4A8F7EDB43ADACF80DB70F6A">Yevtushenko, Dmytro P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D4508794B20AFB7B38ACFCB3AC90F9F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12627992" ID-GBIF-Taxon="234411877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12627992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D4508794B20AFB7B38ACFCB3AC90F9F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4508794B20AFB7B38ACFCB3AC90F9F7" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="14E36509B20AFB7B38ACFCB3AE61FCCB" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B38ACFCB3AE61FCCB" blockId="2.[151,766,830,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="070E81EEB20AFB7B38ACFCB3AE61FCCB" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B38ACFCB3ADE3FCEB" ID-CoL="8GVKF" authority="(Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[151,766,830,855]" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B38ACFCB3AEAEFCEB" box="[151,435,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Geocenamus brevidens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B39FDFCB3AD53FCEB" author="Allen, M. W." box="[454,590,830,855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="129 - 66" refId="ref7649" refString="Allen, M. W. 1955. A review of the genus TylenChOrhynChUS. University of California Publications in Zoology 61: 129 - 66." type="journal article" year="1955">Allen, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3A5AFCB3ADE3FCEB" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[609,766,830,855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="68 - 77" refId="ref10423" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. 1970. On the plant-parasitic nematode genera MerliniUS gen. n. and TylenChOrhynChUS Cobb and the classification of the families Dolichodoridae and Belonolaimidae n. rank. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 37: 68 - 77." type="journal article" year="1970">Siddiqi, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C4C22A07B20AFB7B38A5FCD3AFC2FCCB" box="[158,223,862,887]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[326,397,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[212,1390,186,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-13@3.[212,1390,186,1737]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1: Light photomicrographs of GeOCenamUS BrevidenS. (A) Entire female, (B) Esophageal region, (C) Lip region, (D) Posterior esophageal region, (E) Deirids, (F) Posterior region with complete reproductive system, (G) Lateral lines, (H-J) Vulval region, (K-O) Female tails. Scale bars: (A) 50μm; (B-D, E, H-O) 20μm, (F) 50μm, (G) 5μm. Arrows point to (a) anus, (d) deirids, (exp) excretory pore, (ph) phamsid, and (v) vulva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12175567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12175567/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="117B0339B20AFB7B3920FCD3AE71FCCB" box="[283,364,862,887]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[148,230,435,465]" captionTargetBox="[159,1859,548,1640]" captionText="Table 1. GEOCEnamuS brEVidEnS female morphometrics." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0886660AB20CFB7D38AFFE3EACD3FE6D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="0886660AB20CFB7D38AFFE3EACD3FE6D">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14E36509B20AFB7B38ACFC21AE0FF8C3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B38ACFC21AE5CFC76" blockId="2.[151,321,940,970]" box="[151,321,940,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B38ACFC21AE5CFC76" bold="true" box="[151,321,940,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B38ACFC64AE1EFBBB" blockId="2.[151,259,1001,1031]" box="[151,259,1001,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B38ACFC64AE1EFBBB" bold="true" box="[151,259,1001,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B38ACFBAEAE0CF940" blockId="2.[150,767,1059,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Body straight with curved tail region or open C-shaped. The cuticle annulated, lateral field with six incisures. Cephalic region continuous, broadly rounded with 3 to 4 indistinct annuli, basal ring of head framework shallow, distinctively arched. Stylet 15 to 17 µm long with rounded basal knobs. Dorsal gland opening (DGO) 1.5 to 3.0 µm posterior to basal knobs. Median bulb spherical to oval, well-developed, central valve plates bean-shaped slightly anteriorly. Isthmus slender encircled with nerve ring. Deirids were present (observed in few specimens). Excretory pore anterior to the basal esophageal bulb. Hemizonid 2 to 3 body annuli long situated slightly anterior to the excretory pore. Cardia rounded, intestine densely globular. Ovaries outstretched, vulva with small epiptygma, which mostly appear as protruding lips, vagina inclined anteriorly covering half of the corresponding body diameter. Spermatheca rounded, scarcely filled with sperm. Tail subcylindrical, gradually tapering to a smooth broadly rounded or truncated terminus. Hyaline region of tail prominent 3.25.5µm long. Phasmids near or slightly posterior to mid-tail.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B38ACF8A1AFC2F8F6" blockId="2.[151,223,1836,1866]" box="[151,223,1836,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B38ACF8A1AFC2F8F6" bold="true" box="[151,223,1836,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B38ACF8EBAE0FF8C3" blockId="2.[151,274,1894,1919]" box="[151,274,1894,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Not found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14E36509B20AFB7B3B1CFF35AC90F9F7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B3B1CFF35ACB7FF6A" blockId="2.[807,938,184,214]" box="[807,938,184,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3B1CFF35ACB7FF6A" bold="true" box="[807,938,184,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C463682B20AFB7B3B1CFF7FAC90F9F7" blockId="2.[805,1423,242,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3B1CFF7FAB6AFEB7" box="[807,1143,242,267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3B1CFF7FAB54FEB7" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[807,1097,242,267]" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">Geocenamus brevidens</taxonomicName>
(=
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3C43FF7FAB18FE97" authority=", Allen, 1955" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1955" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Tylenchorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3C43FF7FAC72FE97" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tylenchorhynchus brevidens</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3BB9FE9FAB18FE97" author="Allen, M. W." box="[898,1029,274,299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="129 - 66" refId="ref7649" refString="Allen, M. W. 1955. A review of the genus TylenChOrhynChUS. University of California Publications in Zoology 61: 129 - 66." type="journal article" year="1955">Allen, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3C72FE9FAC43FEF7" authority=", Siddiqi, 1970" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Merlinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3C72FE9FAA3BFE97" box="[1097,1318,274,299]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Merlinius brevidens</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3D01FE9FAC43FEF7" author="Siddiqi, M. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="68 - 77" refId="ref10423" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. 1970. On the plant-parasitic nematode genera MerliniUS gen. n. and TylenChOrhynChUS Cobb and the classification of the families Dolichodoridae and Belonolaimidae n. rank. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 37: 68 - 77." type="journal article" year="1970">Siddiqi, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) was originally described in the rhizosphere of grass from the
<collectingCountry id="24EE7612B20AFB7B3BC6FEDFAB2DFED7" box="[1021,1072,338,363]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">USA</collectingCountry>
by Allen in 1955. Since then, this species has been reported from diverse climate regions and agricultural environments (
<tableCitation id="117B0339B20AFB7B3CEFFE1FAA3AFE17" box="[1236,1319,402,427]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="8.[151,232,195,225]" captionTargetBox="[162,1367,351,1894]" captionText="Table 3. Worldwide distribution and host plant association of GEOCEnamuS brEVidEnS and QuiniSuLCiuS CapitatuS." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0886660AB200FB7138ACFF4EAD01FEBA" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="0886660AB200FB7138ACFF4EAD01FEBA">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Despite its wide distribution, few morphometrical studies are available for comparison (
<tableCitation id="117B0339B20AFB7B3CBEFE5FABC7FE57" box="[1157,1242,466,491]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[148,230,435,465]" captionTargetBox="[159,1859,548,1640]" captionText="Table 1. GEOCEnamuS brEVidEnS female morphometrics." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0886660AB20CFB7D38AFFE3EACD3FE6D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="0886660AB20CFB7D38AFFE3EACD3FE6D">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3CCFFE5FAC88FDB7" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3CCFFE5FAC88FDB7" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Geocenamus brevidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also reported from potato fields in Ontario (
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3BBCFD9FAB52FD97" author="Olthof, Th. N. A. &amp; Anderson, R. V. &amp; Squire, S." box="[903,1103,530,555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="389 - 91" refId="ref9892" refString="Olthof, Th. N. A., Anderson, R. V. and Squire, S. 1982. Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potatoes (SOlanUm tUBerOSUm L.) in Simcoe County, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 4: 389 - 91." type="journal article" year="1982">Olthof et al., 1982</bibRefCitation>
), although no morphological and morphometric studies were presented. Hence, we consider our population of
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3C97FDDFAA58FDD7" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1196,1349,594,619]" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3C97FDDFAA58FDD7" box="[1196,1349,594,619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. brevidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a Canadian population. We observed that nematodes of the Canadian population of
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3C97FD1FAA58FD17" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1196,1349,658,683]" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3C97FD1FAA58FD17" box="[1196,1349,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. brevidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were slightly longer and wider than in the original and other reported descriptions, with the exception of those from
<collectingCountry id="24EE7612B20AFB7B3B53FD7FAC83FCB7" box="[872,926,754,779]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3B89FD7FAB51FCB7" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[946,1100,754,779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="46 - 64" refId="ref10393" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. 1961. Studies on TylenChOrhynChUS spp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from India. Z. Parasitenk 21: 46 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Siddiqi, 1961</bibRefCitation>
). The Canadian population morphometrical values were in good agreement with the Indian population, except for the stylet length, which was longer in the Canadian population, 15.0 to 17.5 vs 13.0 to 15.0µm. The other morphological characteristics, i.e., lip and tail morphology, overall body habitus, and vulva appearance, were consistent with the original description. Males were described in the original description and by
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3CA5FC7FAA26FBB7" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[1182,1339,1010,1035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="46 - 64" refId="ref10393" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. 1961. Studies on TylenChOrhynChUS spp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from India. Z. Parasitenk 21: 46 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Siddiqi (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, but in later reports, no males were ever detected.
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3D0CFB9FAC7AFBF7" author="Geraert, E." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref8307" refString="Geraert, E. 2011. The Dolichodoridae of the world. Identification of the family Dolichodoridae Academia Press, Ghent, p. 520." type="journal volume" year="2011">Geraert (2011)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that males were uncommon in
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3B1CFBDFACDFFBD7" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[807,962,1106,1131]" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3B1CFBDFACDFFBD7" box="[807,962,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. brevidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the Canadian population was also found devoid of males. In the original and subsequent descriptions, the authors did not observe the presence of spermatheca in
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3C30FB3FABBCFB77" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1035,1185,1202,1227]" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3C30FB3FABBCFB77" box="[1035,1185,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. brevidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3C8FFB3FAA27FB77" author="Allen, M. W." box="[1204,1338,1202,1227]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="129 - 66" refId="ref7649" refString="Allen, M. W. 1955. A review of the genus TylenChOrhynChUS. University of California Publications in Zoology 61: 129 - 66." type="journal article" year="1955">Allen, 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3D71FB3FACB3FB57" author="Alvani, S. &amp; Mahdikhani-Moghadam, S. &amp; Rouhani, H. &amp; Mohammadi, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="227 - 36" refId="ref7676" refString="Alvani, S., Mahdikhani-Moghadam, S., Rouhani, H. and Mohammadi, A. 2017. Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic position of a new record, TylenChOrhynChUS zeae, and some known species of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 from Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 41: 227 - 36." type="journal article" year="2017">Alvani et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3B86FB5FABC2FB57" author="Tzortzakakis, E. A. &amp; Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C. &amp; Kormpi, M. &amp; Lazanaki, M. S. &amp; Castillo, P. &amp; Yuste, A." box="[957,1247,1234,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="413 - 8" refId="ref11008" refString="Tzortzakakis, E. A., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Kormpi, M., Lazanaki, M. S., Castillo, P. and Archidona- Yuste, A. 2018. First Report of BitylenChUS hiSpanienSiS, PratylenChOideS alKani, and HeliCOtylenChUS vUlgariS in association with cultivated and wild olives in Crete, Greece and molecular identification of HeliCOtylenChUS miCrOlOBUS and MerliniUS BrevidenS. Journal of Nematology 50: 413 - 8." type="journal article" year="2018">Tzortzakakis et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
). On the other hand, round-shaped spermathecae were found in the Canadian and Indian populations. The other characteristics noted by
<bibRefCitation id="38684B73B20AFB7B3C75FABFABF7FAF7" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[1102,1258,1330,1355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="46 - 64" refId="ref10393" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. 1961. Studies on TylenChOrhynChUS spp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from India. Z. Parasitenk 21: 46 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Siddiqi (1961)</bibRefCitation>
in the Indian population were tightly closed stylet knobs, indistinct anus, and rather cylindrical tail. In the Canadian population, the anus was prominent, stylet knobs were rounded, and the tail was cylindrical with a broadly rounded, somewhat truncated terminus. We consider these small differences between
<taxonomicName id="9BF94D01B20AFB7B3CCFFA7FAA90F9B7" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[1268,1421,1522,1547]" class="Chromadorea" family="Dolichodoridae" genus="Geocenamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="6E8DEA90B20AFB7B3CCFFA7FAA90F9B7" box="[1268,1421,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. brevidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations to be due to intraspecific geographic variation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>