468 lines
56 KiB
XML
468 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="731D630B3D857C8E4FB58AB05CC10E8D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.231.1.9" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631627" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725312494681" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Couto, Ricardo Sousa, Lopes, Rosana Conrado & Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga" docDate="2015" docId="3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.231.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 231 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.231.1.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Dioscorea flabellispina R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="C64FFFECFFDFFF9EFF9AFFDAFFACC26D" masterDocTitle="Dioscorea flabellispina (Dioscoreaceae), a new endangered species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1725312882169" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="301D57AB9C0878CC88B9C4615F65522C">
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<mods:title id="62A61017FF0558ACF38D7606AF8AB243">Dioscorea flabellispina (Dioscoreaceae), a new endangered species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="52674B78D215819EE914BAFF3D21190E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="705F93797437404C808794ABDEA746D2">Couto, Ricardo Sousa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB3CC4DCFA9F1BF2A334DAEEE66EEE21">Lopes, Rosana Conrado</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="26BD1F1312C350257D4DE4FBABB863AF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2297DE3020A7D0BAC003994B25D31CFE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F23693FB2E4EBC10DE86A5F12D90AA5D">Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EA73AF7E65CED0DBCD3515CD258C6B38">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="75C13AA0AF9A34018DDD6AECC223C88A">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="36B7B6ADA7BF857B35DA3737B6C62DE2">
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<mods:date id="BE5390B78B4B04AF6BFF70F8989CB24D">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3C868F35AAABBF3633EF59688857AE51">2015-10-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="37893201DC01034314D37419AC3E816B">231</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="CEFFDFA6EC20E5DA65863B8A97451C49">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.231.1.9</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="66D75CB7DB5E90A5C3EAAAFC57A1D49B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7C57BF051F45F493A228035103B44E3E" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.231.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631625" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="FAC56509FFDEFF9FFF12FDCEFC6AC042" box="[136,966,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B2603682FFDEFF9FFF12FDCEFC6AC042" blockId="1.[136,966,532,559]" box="[136,966,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
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<heading id="E92881EEFFDEFF9FFF12FDCEFC6AC042" box="[136,966,532,559]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDEFF9FFF12FDCEFD65C042" ID-CoL="36CN8" authority="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,713,532,559]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFF12FDCEFE3FC042" bold="true" box="[136,403,532,559]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Dioscorea flabellispina</emphasis>
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||
R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
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<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFD4EFDCCFC85C042" box="[724,809,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9B9857EBFFDEFF9FFD4EFDCCFC85C042" box="[724,809,534,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDEFF9FFCA2FDCCFC29C042" box="[824,901,534,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1943,1964]" captionTargetBox="[185,1384,205,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1436,190,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Staminate plant. B–C. Staminate flower. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Underground system. F. Fan-like thorns. G. Pistillate plant with fruits. H. Fruit. I. Seed. Illustration by R. Dana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631629/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
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<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDEFF9FFC09FDCCFC0FC042" box="[915,931,534,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Habit (Staminate plant). B. Tubers. C. Fan-like thorns. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Staminate flower. F. Fruits. G. Seed. Photographs by R.S. Couto." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631631/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">2</figureCitation>
|
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,
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<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDEFF9FFC35FDCCFC11C042" box="[943,957,534,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1998,2019]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,754,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-299@4.[151,1436,749,1973]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Dioscorea flabellispina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631633/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FAC56509FFDEFF9FFF12FD80FB48C0BC" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B2603682FFDEFF9FFF12FD80FB48C0BC" blockId="1.[136,1452,602,721]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
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||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFF12FD80FF53C01C" bold="true" box="[136,255,602,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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—The new species is characterized by an underground system composed of an ovoid, ligneous central region, from which emerge several fibrous roots interspersed with various fusiform, filipendulous tuberous roots, stems of woodytexture, with thorns only at the nodes, grouped to form a fan-like shape, staminate flowers bearing 6 central stamens and no pistilode, capsules woody with pilose valves, bearing two circumferentially winged seeds in each locule.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FAC56509FFDEFF9FFF12FCDEFB7FC712" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDEFF9FFF12FCDEFAD8C150" blockId="1.[136,1452,772,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
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||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFF12FCDEFF76C174" bold="true" box="[136,218,772,793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Type:—</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="CAC87612FFDEFF9FFF40FCDEFE9FC174" box="[218,307,772,793]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="701BF860FFDEFF9FFEA5FCDEFE7FC174" box="[319,467,772,793]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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||
: São Fidélis, estrada para Ayres sentido Santa Maria Madalena, para Aracaju. Barra do rio colégio, fazenda do Advogado Helinho,
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<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFE74FCF2FD8DC150" box="[494,545,808,829]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
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||
, 22°27’87.0’’S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7EB5045FFDEFF9FFD24FCF2FCE3C150" box="[702,847,808,829]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" precision="1" seconds="03.0" value="-60.4675">60°28’03.0’’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<date id="C6611042FFDEFF9FFCC2FCF2FC5EC150" box="[856,1010,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" value="2009-08-28">28 August 2009</date>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFC66FCF2FB65C150" box="[1020,1225,808,829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
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<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDEFF9FFC66FCF2FBA1C150" box="[1020,1037,808,829]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
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||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDEFF9FFB8DFCF2FB8AC150" box="[1047,1062,808,829]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
. Couto et al. 235
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<typeStatus id="6D648820FFDEFF9FFB4CFCF2FA98C150" box="[1238,1332,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDEFF9FFAA7FCF2FAC8C150" box="[1341,1380,808,829]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
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||
!).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDEFF9FFF12FCB4FB7FC712" blockId="1.[136,1452,878,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
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||
Twining vine, dioecious, right-twining. Underground system consisting of an ovoid central region of ligneous aspect, from which emerge several fibrous roots interspersed with various fusiform, filipendulous tuberous roots, and from which the aerial stem grows, with white-yellowish coloration in both periderm and parenchyma of the tuberous roots, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFF35FC00FF4AC19E" box="[175,230,986,1011]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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||
from the ground surface. Stems
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||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFDCEFC00FD13C19E" box="[596,703,986,1011]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="6.75" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–11 m</quantity>
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||
, initially erect (
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFCEBFC00FC37C19E" box="[881,923,986,1011]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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||
) to twining, glabrous to pubescent, cylindrical, with thorns only at the nodes, grouped to form a shape like a fan, sclerotic, green,
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<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFBCFFC24FB6CC67A" box="[1109,1216,1022,1047]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. Leaves alternate, entire, monomorphous; petiole 2.3–.
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<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFD0DFBF8FD7CC656" box="[663,720,1058,1083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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long, twisted at the base, slightly canaliculate, pulvinus at both ends, pubescent; blade 4.8–13.6 ×
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<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFD90FB9CFD34C632" box="[522,664,1094,1119]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1499999999999995" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="7.1499999999999995" valueMax="10.7" valueMin="3.6">3.6–10.7 cm</quantity>
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||
, dark green above and bright green below, pubescent on both surfaces, subcoriaceous, cordate to ovate, with narrow to wide sinus, base cordate, apex acuminate to cuspidate, the basal lobes rounded, veins 7–9, prominent below. Staminate inflorescence
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||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFC17FB54FBB4C6CA" box="[909,1048,1166,1191]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.3" valueMin="4.7">4.7–10.3 cm</quantity>
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||
long, patent to pendent, 1 per node, simple, racemose, 1 flower per node of the rachis. Staminate flowers pedicellate, two bracteoles
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<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFB2AFB68FA8DC6A6" box="[1200,1313,1202,1227]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, of two different lengths, lanceolate to ovate, membranous, perianth brownish yellow, rotate, inner and outer tepals
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFAB6FB0CFA00C682" box="[1324,1452,1238,1263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.7mm</quantity>
|
||
long, oblong to obovate, pilose abaxially, with a fine midrib; stamens six, connivent, inserted at the center of the torus, included, filaments ca.
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFE15FAC4FE4AC75A" box="[399,486,1310,1335]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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||
long, anthers ca.
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFD35FAC4FCAAC75A" box="[687,774,1310,1335]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers not seen. Capsules 3.2–4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFF7CFA98FEFEC736" box="[230,338,1346,1371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.0">2–2.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
, light brown, broadly oblong, with woody valves, pilose, perianth traces at the apex; seeds
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFACDFA98FF06C712" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, semi-circular, with wing shortly elongate and completely encircling the seed, nut-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FAC56509FFDEFF9AFF27FA50FBAFC3D8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDEFF9FFF27FA50FF70C45E" blockId="1.[136,1452,878,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFF27FA50FE45C7CE" bold="true" box="[189,489,1418,1443]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
—This species is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAC87612FFDEFF9FFCAAFA50FCD8C7CE" box="[816,884,1418,1443]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and limited to the southeastern part of the country, more specifically, the States of
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||
<collectingRegion id="701BF860FFDEFF9FFE6EFA74FD37C7AA" box="[500,667,1454,1479]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701BF860FFDEFF9FFD4DFA74FCD5C7AA" box="[727,889,1454,1479]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Espirito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDEFF9FFC11FA74FC7DC7AA" box="[907,977,1454,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1998,2019]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,754,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-299@4.[151,1436,749,1973]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Dioscorea flabellispina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631633" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631633/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Up to now,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDEFF9FFBE9FA74FAD0C7AA" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[1139,1404,1454,1479]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFBE9FA74FAD0C7AA" box="[1139,1404,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Dioscorea flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in small fragments of Atlantic Rainforest at low elevation, typically not exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFB59FA08FAA2C786" box="[1219,1294,1490,1515]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
, occurring on rocky outcrops, with low humidity levels and a fair amount of light. These sites have also experienced some anthropic impact.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDEFF9FFF27F9E4FF75C416" blockId="1.[136,1452,878,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFF27F9E4FEEFC43A" bold="true" box="[189,323,1598,1623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Phenology:</emphasis>
|
||
—Flowering occurs in the months of April, June and October, while fruiting has only been observed in July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDEFF9FFF27F95CFE86C51A" blockId="1.[136,1452,878,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFF27F95CFE1BC4F2" bold="true" box="[189,439,1670,1695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Conservation status:</emphasis>
|
||
—This species has only three known populations, presenting a few individuals in each population, usually spread over a wide area (
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDEFF9FFD00F970FD45C4AE" box="[666,745,1706,1731]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
²). The species occurs selectively in areas of rocky outcrops, often surrounded by a vegetation matrix already degraded by human impact and overrun by invasive alien species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDEFF9FFF12F928FE23C566" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,399,1778,1803]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDEFF9FFF12F928FE23C566" box="[136,399,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="90">Dioscorea flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has just one record from a protected area (Área de Proteção Ambiental da Pedra do Elefante). However, this is neither a recognized national park, nor does it fall within the jurisdiction of the system of Integral Protection Conservation Units. As such, rules governing land use in this area are very flexible, placing this species at increased risk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E6A0660AFFDDFF9CFF12F84DFC7CC5BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631629/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" startId="2.[136,229,1943,1964]" targetBox="[185,1384,205,1909]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDDFF9CFF12F84DFC7CC5BD" blockId="2.[136,1451,1943,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFF12F84DFF52C5C1" bold="true" box="[136,254,1943,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDDFF9CFE99F84DFE49C5C1" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[259,485,1943,1964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFE99F84DFE49C5C1" box="[259,485,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Dioscorea flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFE75F84DFDABC5C1" bold="true" box="[495,519,1943,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Staminate plant.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFD35F84DFD70C5C1" bold="true" box="[687,732,1943,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Staminate flower.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFC0DF84DFC04C5C1" bold="true" box="[919,936,1943,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Staminate inflorescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFB3CF84DFB1AC5C1" bold="true" box="[1190,1206,1943,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Underground system.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFA0DF84DFA0AC5C1" bold="true" box="[1431,1446,1943,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Fan-like thorns.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFEBCF861FE93C5BD" bold="true" box="[294,319,1979,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Pistillate plant with fruits.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFDDEF861FDFBC5BD" bold="true" box="[580,599,1979,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Fruit.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDDFF9CFD07F861FD0AC5BD" bold="true" box="[669,678,1979,2000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Seed. Illustration by R. Dana.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E6A0660AFFDCFF9DFF12F802FD3BCA7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631631/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" startId="3.[136,229,2008,2029]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1983]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDCFF9DFF12F802FD3BCA7C" blockId="3.[136,1451,2008,2065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFF12F802FF52C580" bold="true" box="[136,254,2008,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDCFF9DFE9EF802FE49C580" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[260,485,2008,2029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFE9EF802FE49C580" box="[260,485,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">Dioscorea flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFE6AF802FDABC580" bold="true" box="[496,519,2008,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Habit (Staminate plant).
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFD61F802FCA7C580" bold="true" box="[763,779,2008,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Tubers.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFCFEF802FCD9C580" bold="true" box="[868,885,2008,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Fan-like thorns.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFBBAF802FB9DC580" bold="true" box="[1056,1073,2008,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Staminate inflorescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFAB5F802FA93C580" bold="true" box="[1327,1343,2008,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Staminate flower.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFF4BF826FF4CCA7C" bold="true" box="[209,224,2044,2065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Fruits.
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDCFF9DFEAAF826FEE5CA7C" bold="true" box="[304,329,2044,2065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="92">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Seed. Photographs by R.S. Couto.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDBFF9AFF27FF7AFBAFC3D8" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
With only three known populations (São Fidélis, Bom Jesus de Itabapoana and Nova Venécia), the species has great risk, especially because of the major habitat degradation that has suffered, confirmed by field observations in at least one of the populations with the complete deforestation of 25% of its habitat in the last five years. It is also observed that the three known populations occur in a largely fragmented environment (one of the most degraded areas of the Atlantic Forest) corresponding to an Extension of Occurrence (EOO) of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDBFF9AFB30FEEAFAB9C324" box="[1194,1301,304,329]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="km" value="4000.0">4,000 km</quantity>
|
||
² and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of less than
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDBFF9AFD8AFE8EFDF7C300" box="[528,603,340,365]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
². We conducted a risk assessment using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D64E4B73FFDBFF9AFF7FFEA2FEC1C3FC" author="IUCN & Species Survival Commission, IUCN & Cambridge, UK" box="[229,365,376,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" refId="ref2706" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 30 pp." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given its narrow endemism, low number of individuals and threats from human activity, the new species is herein categorized as endangered [EN, A3c + B1ab (iii) + B2ab (iii)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FAC56509FFDBFF9BFF27FE1AFF76C1C0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDBFF9AFF27FE1AFAA4C390" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFF27FE1AFEE4C3B4" bold="true" box="[189,328,448,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The new species is named for the arrangement of thorns at the nodes, which presents an unusual shape among species of the genus, being grouped at the node to form a fan-like shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDBFF9AFBCFFE3EFB0CC390" box="[1109,1184,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1943,1964]" captionTargetBox="[185,1384,205,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1436,190,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Staminate plant. B–C. Staminate flower. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Underground system. F. Fan-like thorns. G. Pistillate plant with fruits. H. Fruit. I. Seed. Illustration by R. Dana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631629/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Fig 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDBFF9AFB4DFE3EFB57C390" box="[1239,1275,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Habit (Staminate plant). B. Tubers. C. Fan-like thorns. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Staminate flower. F. Fruits. G. Seed. Photographs by R.S. Couto." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631631/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDBFF9AFF27FDD2FC17C0B8" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02B73CDFFFDBFF9AFF27FDD2FCF7C004" collectingDate="2009-08-28" collectionCode="R, S, RB" collectorName="Couto" country="Brazil" county="Sao Fidelis" elevation="50" location="Santa Maria Madalena" longitude="-60.4675" municipality="Ayres" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFF27FDD2FD44C04C" bold="true" box="[189,744,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<typeStatus id="6D648820FFDBFF9AFF27FDD2FD98C04C" box="[189,564,520,545]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="6D648820FFDBFF9AFDDBFDD2FD11C04C" box="[577,701,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CAC87612FFDBFF9AFD72FDD2FCFDC04C" box="[744,849,520,545]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701BF860FFDBFF9AFCC3FDD2FC57C04C" box="[857,1019,520,545]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="5B014E0EFFDBFF9AFB9EFDD2FB2FC04C" box="[1028,1155,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">São Fidélis</collectingCounty>
|
||
, estrada para
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5204ACF8FFDBFF9AFA8FFDD2FAF9C04C" box="[1301,1365,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Ayres</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
sentido
|
||
<location id="B7006059FFDBFF9AFF12FDF6FE3CC028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0:B7006059FFDBFF9AFF12FDF6FE3CC028" box="[136,400,556,581]" country="Brazil" county="Sao Fidelis" longitude="-60.4675" municipality="Ayres" name="Santa Maria Madalena" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Santa Maria Madalena</location>
|
||
, para
|
||
<location id="B7006059FFDBFF9AFE40FDF6FD2EC028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0:B7006059FFDBFF9AFE40FDF6FD2EC028" box="[474,642,556,581]" country="Brazil" county="Sao Fidelis" longitude="-60.4675" municipality="Ayres" name="Aracaju. Barra" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Aracaju. Barra</location>
|
||
do rio colégio, fazenda do
|
||
<location id="B7006059FFDBFF9AFC56FDF6FB04C028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0:B7006059FFDBFF9AFC56FDF6FB04C028" box="[972,1192,556,581]" country="Brazil" county="Sao Fidelis" longitude="-60.4675" municipality="Ayres" name="Advogado Helinho" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Advogado Helinho</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDBFF9AFB22FDF6FB5BC028" box="[1208,1271,556,581]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
||
<elevation id="39F2D1B1FFDBFF9AFB22FDF6FB5BC028" box="[1208,1271,556,581]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 22°27’87.0’’S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7EB5045FFDBFF9AFF12FD8AFE9DC004" box="[136,305,592,617]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" precision="1" seconds="03.0" value="-60.4675">60°28’03.0’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C6611042FFDBFF9AFEDAFD8AFE50C004" box="[320,508,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="2009-08-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D625E9AAFFDBFF9AFEDAFD8AFE50C004" box="[320,508,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="2009-08-28">28 August 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFD90FD8AFCA1C004" box="[522,781,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFD90FD8AFDB2C004" box="[522,542,592,617]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFDB7FD8AFD92C004" box="[557,574,592,617]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="1F2A5354FFDBFF9AFDD7FD8AFD3DC004" box="[589,657,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Couto</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 236
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFCBBFD8AFCE2C004" box="[801,846,592,617]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02B73CDFFFDBFF9AFCF6FD8AFDB8C0E0" collectingDate="1982-10-16" collectionCode="M, RBR" collectorName="Rosa" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Sao Jorge." municipality="Bom Jesus de Itabapoana" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5204ACF8FFDBFF9AFCF6FD8AFB3AC004" box="[876,1174,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Bom Jesus de Itabapoana</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B7006059FFDBFF9AFB3FFD8AFA29C004" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0:B7006059FFDBFF9AFB3FFD8AFA29C004" box="[1189,1413,592,617]" country="Brazil" municipality="Bom Jesus de Itabapoana" name="Fazenda Sao Jorge." pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Fazenda São Jorge.</location>
|
||
<date id="C6611042FFDBFF9AFA15FD8AFE8FC0E0" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="1982-10-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D625E9AAFFDBFF9AFA15FD8AFE8FC0E0" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="1982-10-16">16 October 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFEB7FDAEFE1BC0E0" box="[301,439,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFEB7FDAEFEE4C0E0" box="[301,328,628,653]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="1F2A5354FFDBFF9AFECBFDAEFE25C0E0" box="[337,393,628,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Rosa</collectorName>
|
||
112
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFE5FFDAEFDABC0E0" box="[453,519,628,653]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15738" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15738" name="Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">RBR</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02B73CDFFFDBFF9AFD84FDAEFAE5C0E0" box="[542,1353,628,653]" collectingDate="1982-10-16" collectionCode="C, M, GUA" collectorName="Rizzini & Szechy" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Sao Jorge." pageId="4" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="B7006059FFDBFF9AFD84FDAEFD58C0E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0:B7006059FFDBFF9AFD84FDAEFD58C0E0" box="[542,756,628,653]" country="Brazil" name="Fazenda Sao Jorge." pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Fazenda São Jorge.</location>
|
||
<date id="C6611042FFDBFF9AFD63FDAEFC1AC0E0" box="[761,950,628,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="1982-10-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D625E9AAFFDBFF9AFD63FDAEFC1AC0E0" box="[761,950,628,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="1982-10-16">16 October 1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFC5AFDAEFB4BC0E0" box="[960,1255,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFC5AFDAEFC78C0E0" box="[960,980,628,653]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFC4DFDAEFC58C0E0" box="[983,1012,628,653]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="1F2A5354FFDBFF9AFC67FDAEFBE5C0E0" box="[1021,1097,628,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Rizzini</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="1F2A5354FFDBFF9AFBF1FDAEFB1BC0E0" box="[1131,1207,628,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Széchy</collectorName>
|
||
216
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFB6FFDAEFA90C0E0" box="[1269,1340,628,653]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12945" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12945" name="DIVEA, DEP, FEEMA" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">GUA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="02B73CDFFFDBFF9AFAC9FDAEFC1BC0B8" collectingDate="2009-04-14" collectionCode="R, C, RB" collectorName="Forzza" country="Brazil" county="Nova Venecia" elevation="154" latitude="-18.7825" location="Serra de Baixo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.432777" municipality="Area de Protecao Ambiental da Pedra do Elefante" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="701BF860FFDBFF9AFAC9FDAEFF60C0DC" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Espirito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="5B014E0EFFDBFF9AFF43FD42FED7C0DC" box="[217,379,664,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Nova Venécia</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5204ACF8FFDBFF9AFE12FD42FC65C0DC" box="[392,969,664,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Área de Proteção Ambiental da Pedra do Elefante</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B7006059FFDBFF9AFC4DFD42FB2AC0DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0:B7006059FFDBFF9AFC4DFD42FB2AC0DC" box="[983,1158,664,689]" country="Brazil" county="Nova Venecia" latitude="-18.7825" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.432777" municipality="Area de Protecao Ambiental da Pedra do Elefante" name="Serra de Baixo" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Serra de Baixo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B7006059FFDBFF9AFB0EFD42FAE2C0DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A768794FFDEFF9BFF12FDCEFF76C1C0:B7006059FFDBFF9AFB0EFD42FAE2C0DC" box="[1172,1358,664,689]" country="Brazil" county="Nova Venecia" latitude="-18.7825" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.432777" municipality="Area de Protecao Ambiental da Pedra do Elefante" name="Mata do Fuxico" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Mata do Fuxico</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="75279B67FFDBFF9AFAC1FD42FA0BC0DC" box="[1371,1447,664,689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="154.0">
|
||
<elevation id="39F2D1B1FFDBFF9AFAC1FD42FA0BC0DC" box="[1371,1447,664,689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="154.0">154 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7EB5045FFDBFF9AFF12FD66FEBFC0B8" box="[136,275,700,725]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-18.7825">18°46’57’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7EB5045FFDBFF9AFE85FD66FE1FC0B8" box="[287,435,700,725]" degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-40.432777">40°25’58’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C6611042FFDBFF9AFE24FD66FDF0C0B8" box="[446,604,700,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="2009-04-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D625E9AAFFDBFF9AFE24FD66FDF0C0B8" box="[446,604,700,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" value="2009-04-14">14 April 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFDFDFD66FCC0C0B8" box="[615,876,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFDFDFD66FDD0C0B8" box="[615,636,700,725]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFD1AFD66FD39C0B8" box="[640,661,700,725]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="1F2A5354FFDBFF9AFD3AFD66FD42C0B8" box="[672,750,700,725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Forzza</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 5517
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="D4CEAE47FFDBFF9AFCE6FD66FC06C0B8" box="[892,938,700,725]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15528" name="Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">RB</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E6A0660AFFDBFF9AFF12F814FD02C58E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13631633" box="[136,686,1998,2019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631633/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" startId="4.[136,229,1998,2019]" targetBox="[177,1421,754,1953]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDBFF9AFF12F814FD02C58E" blockId="4.[136,686,1998,2019]" box="[136,686,1998,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFF12F814FF52C58E" bold="true" box="[136,254,1998,2019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDBFF9AFE5DF814FD04C58E" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[455,680,1998,2019]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDBFF9AFE5DF814FD04C58E" box="[455,680,1998,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Dioscorea flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDAFF9BFF27FF7AFE38C3D8" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFF27FF7AFD18C2D4" bold="true" box="[189,692,160,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Affinities and notes on critical characters:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFD4AFF7AFC7BC2D4" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[720,983,160,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFD4AFF7AFC7BC2D4" box="[720,983,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Dioscorea flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has twining branches and habit similar to other species, especially when compared to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFD35FF1EFC8FC2B0" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1032" box="[687,803,196,221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFD35FF1EFC8FC2B0" box="[687,803,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Dioscorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have a woody aspect and feature thorns or prickles on the stem. Nevertheless, it is possible to easily distinguish this species because it is a very robust climber with thorns only along the nodes, especially in the basal stem where they form a fan-like shape consisting of about 10 thorns (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDAFF9BFAE4FED6FF09C324" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1943,1964]" captionTargetBox="[185,1384,205,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1436,190,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Staminate plant. B–C. Staminate flower. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Underground system. F. Fan-like thorns. G. Pistillate plant with fruits. H. Fruit. I. Seed. Illustration by R. Dana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631629/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDAFF9BFF41FEEAFF53C324" box="[219,255,304,329]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Habit (Staminate plant). B. Tubers. C. Fan-like thorns. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Staminate flower. F. Fruits. G. Seed. Photographs by R.S. Couto." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631631/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species is also characterized by its underground system composed of a central region from which emerge several fibrous roots interspersed with fusiform tuberous roots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDAFF9BFC36FE8EFBA8C300" box="[940,1028,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Habit (Staminate plant). B. Tubers. C. Fan-like thorns. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Staminate flower. F. Fruits. G. Seed. Photographs by R.S. Couto." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631631/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is further distinguished by its staminate flowers carrying 6 central stamens and no pistiloid, large woody fruits with seeds of semicircular wing within (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDAFF9BFF45FE46FE87C3D8" box="[223,299,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1943,1964]" captionTargetBox="[185,1384,205,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1436,190,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Staminate plant. B–C. Staminate flower. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Underground system. F. Fan-like thorns. G. Pistillate plant with fruits. H. Fruit. I. Seed. Illustration by R. Dana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631629/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="2AE42A07FFDAFF9BFEFBFE46FE2BC3D8" box="[353,391,412,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2008,2029]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1983]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dioscorea flabellispina. A. Habit (Staminate plant). B. Tubers. C. Fan-like thorns. D. Staminate inflorescence. E. Staminate flower. F. Fruits. G. Seed. Photographs by R.S. Couto." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13631631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13631631/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">2G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDAFF9BFF27FE1AFD11C0B8" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
The species has affinities related to their vegetative characteristics, such as woody aspect stems and thorns at the nodes, with some taxa of
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFE45FE3EFD2FC390" box="[479,643,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Chondrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
Uline section, but especially with the species of
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFB26FE3EFAE7C390" box="[1212,1355,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Sphaerantha</emphasis>
|
||
section. Species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFE8FFDD2FE0AC04C" box="[277,422,520,545]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFE8FFDD2FE0AC04C" box="[277,422,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">D. multiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFE2EFDD2FD88C04C" box="[436,548,520,545]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFE2EFDD2FD88C04C" box="[436,548,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">D. venosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFDABFDD2FD33C04C" box="[561,671,520,545]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFDABFDD2FD33C04C" box="[561,671,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">D. scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFD35FDD2FC92C04C" box="[687,830,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Sphaerantha</emphasis>
|
||
Uline section), have the thorns at the and a very similar underground system to that found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFDB3FDF6FD74C028" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[553,728,556,581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFDB3FDF6FD74C028" box="[553,728,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">D. flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this organization is rather unusual in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFAABFDF6FA09C028" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1032" box="[1329,1445,556,581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFAABFDF6FA09C028" box="[1329,1445,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Dioscorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regarding the reproductive structure, the staminate flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFCD6FD8AFC57C004" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[844,1019,592,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFCD6FD8AFC57C004" box="[844,1019,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">D. flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are quite similar to those found in the taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFF43FDAEFE61C0E0" authority="Griseb." authorityName="Griseb." box="[217,461,628,653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Centrostemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFF43FDAEFED9C0E0" box="[217,373,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Centrostemon</emphasis>
|
||
Griseb.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
section, with six central stamens of short filaments. But all sections previously mentioned belong to subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFEFDFD42FDC2C0DC" authority="(Kunth) Benth." authorityName="Benth." baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[359,622,664,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Helmia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFEFDFD42FE15C0DC" box="[359,441,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Helmia</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) Benth.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as classified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D64E4B73FFDAFF9BFCB1FD42FC69C0DC" author="Knuth, R." box="[811,965,664,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 387" refId="ref2816" refString="Knuth, R. (1924) Dioscoreaceae. In: Engler H. G. A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich 4, 43 (Helf 87), Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 387." type="book chapter" year="1924">Knuth (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFB9AFD42FB03C0DC" authorityName="R. Couto & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2015" box="[1024,1199,664,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flabellispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFB9AFD42FB03C0DC" box="[1024,1199,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">D. flabellispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the characteristics that would include the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFE62FD66FD11C0B8" authority="Pax." authorityName="Pax." box="[504,701,700,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eudioscorea">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFE62FD66FD29C0B8" box="[504,645,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Eudioscorea</emphasis>
|
||
Pax.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2603682FFDAFF9BFF27FD3AFF76C1C0" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Thus, by the previously stated, it is noticed that the infrageneric classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFBCBFD3AFB69C094" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1032" box="[1105,1221,736,761]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFBCBFD3AFB69C094" box="[1105,1221,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Dioscorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFB4CFD3AFAB8C094" box="[1238,1300,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D64E4B73FFDAFF9BFA86FD3AFA0FC094" author="Knuth, R." box="[1308,1443,736,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 387" refId="ref2816" refString="Knuth, R. (1924) Dioscoreaceae. In: Engler H. G. A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich 4, 43 (Helf 87), Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 387." type="book chapter" year="1924">Knuth 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) presents several problems of delimitation between sections and shallow separation between the subgenera. As shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D64E4B73FFDAFF9BFF30FCF2FE2BC12C" author="Wilkin, P. & Schols, P. & Chase, M. W. & Chayamarit, K. & Furness, C. A. & Huysmans, S. & Rakotonasolo, F. & Smets, E. & Thapyai, C." box="[170,391,808,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="736 - 749" refId="ref2959" refString="Wilkin, P., Schols, P., Chase, M. W., Chayamarit, K., Furness, C. A., Huysmans, S., Rakotonasolo, F., Smets, E., & Thapyai, C. (2005) A plastid gene phylogeny of the yam genus, Dioscorea: roots, fruits and Madagascar. Systematic Botany 30: 736 - 749. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364405775097879" type="journal article" year="2005">
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Wilkin
|
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<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFF66FCF2FE81C12C" box="[252,301,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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, the classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75DF4D01FFDAFF9BFDEBFCF2FD49C12C" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1032" box="[625,741,808,833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="80ABEA90FFDAFF9BFDEBFCF2FD49C12C" box="[625,741,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Dioscorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs revision based on phylogenetic data, including molecular and morphological characters. Therefore, until the phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus become clear, we have decided against ascribing any new species to any of the subgenera or sections recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D64E4B73FFDAFF9BFAFCFCAAFF7AC1C0" author="Knuth, R." pageId="5" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 387" refId="ref2816" refString="Knuth, R. (1924) Dioscoreaceae. In: Engler H. G. A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich 4, 43 (Helf 87), Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 387." type="book chapter" year="1924">Knuth (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |