375 lines
47 KiB
XML
375 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="88585666CF8DB7B624964931CEC610B1">The expansion continues: Girardia arrives in Africa. First record of Girardia sinensis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola, Dugesiidae) in Morocco</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D05864A1A8015AD8DFC085909ABD2E5">Benítez-Álvarez, Lisandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7E6BD7BE39BDA33C6F9165080F9843D">Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8887EB50C4CB23D119E69B95616A4E8D">Mateos, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3769D2094BB039C182776D96E57CFE98">Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona. Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E61E007CB8AF25378F6A231FC7BF5697">Ouanighi, Younes El</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC23384441C64C02EF9F08CC58415CEC">LESCB URL-CNRST N ° 18, FS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco. Avenue Sebta, Mhannech II. 93002 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1572 - 766 X; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3819 - 2717; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2664 - 646 X Corresponding author. lbenitezalvarez 87 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0473 - 4525</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3AB7ACE415A51E824AEC5B373C74C59D" type="email">lbenitezalvarez87@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="891FF2F5A197913873AF864F2A2CD203">Bennas, Nard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EBE519C4691A6C2E0248FFE2921849C5">LESCB URL-CNRST N ° 18, FS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco. Avenue Sebta, Mhannech II. 93002 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1572 - 766 X; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3819 - 2717; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2664 - 646 X Corresponding author. lbenitezalvarez 87 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0473 - 4525</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DB8D9E35CD5065427E22526659480AF4">Alami, Majida El</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="331F69887BCD13CFD562F43070690934">LESCB URL-CNRST N ° 18, FS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco. Avenue Sebta, Mhannech II. 93002 https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1572 - 766 X; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3819 - 2717; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2664 - 646 X Corresponding author. lbenitezalvarez 87 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0473 - 4525</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CAC119E1C4E9472A41612D04E328DE64" type="email">lbenitezalvarez87@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F35C0572E41F74578C672D2489056F24">Riutort, Marta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7DFECC77A8B21D65DB2E71119B91E7EA">Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6D79A7BD736BE2D2EAC222E8ACF660C5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="267AC216044BDABC252524E9EBD42EDF">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="10EA9092D38DCE99432DC7599D10B286">2022-08-02</mods:number>
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<treatment id="CE1487F3FFA62B09FF3A9905FB20F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6953848" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198577892" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6953848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE1487F3FFA62B09FF3A9905FB20F813" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE1487F3FFA62B09FF3A9905FB20F813" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
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<paragraph id="460236E5FFA62B08FF3A9905FBC0FA48" blockId="0.[151,1437,888,2028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
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Biological invasions are an important issue in the conservation of biodiversity. Special interest must deserve the freshwater environments, which are highly sensitive to change in the community composition (
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FBF999E1FACDFC08" author="Gallardo, B. & Clavero, M. & Sanchez, M. I. & Vila, M. & Havel, J. E. & Kovalenko, K. E. & Kats, L. B." box="[1108,1350,924,948]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="151 - 163" refId="ref1829" refString="Gallardo, B., Clavero, M., Sanchez, M. I., Vila, M., Havel, J. E., Kovalenko, K. E. & Kats, L. B. (2016) Global ecological impacts of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 22 (1), 151 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / gcb. 13004" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Gallardo
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<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FB1299E0FB78FC08" box="[1215,1267,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
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., 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Havel, Kovalenko, Thomaz, Amalfitano, & Kats, 2015). The freshwater planarians are active members of aquatic ecosystems with important regulatory function as predators and used as biological indicators of water quality (
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FB019999FAE6FC40" author="Knakievicz, T." box="[1196,1389,996,1020]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref2268" refString="Knakievicz, T. (2014) Planarians as invertebrate bioindicators in freshwater environmental quality: the biomarkers approach. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, 9 (1), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.5132 / eec. 2014.01.001" type="journal article" year="2014">Knakievicz, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FADA9998FE99FB9C" author="Wu, J. P. & Li, M. H." pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="45 - 56" refId="ref2744" refString="Wu, J. P. & Li, M. H. (2018) The use of freshwater planarians in environmental toxicology studies: Advantages and potential. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 161 (May), 45 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecoenv. 2018.05.057" type="journal article" year="2018">Wu & Li, 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). The genus
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<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FE359E75FDE7FB9C" authority="Ball, 1974" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[408,620,1032,1056]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FE359E75FE7DFB9C" box="[408,502,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FE509E75FDE7FB9C" author="Ball, I. R." box="[509,620,1032,1056]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="339 - 401" refId="ref1655" refString="Ball, I. R. (1974) A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria). In: Biology of the Turbellaria. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, pp. 339 - 401." type="book chapter" year="1974">Ball, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the sister group of a clade including
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<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FBBC9E74FB72FB9C" authority="Girard, 1850" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[1041,1273,1032,1056]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FBBC9E74FBE1FB9C" box="[1041,1130,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Dugesia</emphasis>
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Girard, 1850
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FA809E75FE8DFBF8" authority="Ball, 1974" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Schmidtea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FA809E75FA17FB9C" box="[1325,1436,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Schmidtea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FF3A9E51FE8DFBF8" author="Ball, I. R." box="[151,262,1068,1092]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="339 - 401" refId="ref1655" refString="Ball, I. R. (1974) A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria). In: Biology of the Turbellaria. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, pp. 339 - 401." type="book chapter" year="1974">Ball, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FEB99E50FDE6FBF8" author="Alvarez-Presas, M. & Riutort, M." box="[276,621,1068,1095]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="323 - 338" refId="ref1537" refString="Alvarez-Presas, M. & Riutort, M. (2014) Planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) Diversity and Molecular Markers: A New View of an Old Group. Diversity, 6, 323 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 6020323" type="journal article" year="2014">Álvarez-Presas & Riutort, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). The three genera are the most studied groups in the
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<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FB0A9E51FA94FBF8" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[1191,1311,1068,1092]" family="Dugesiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Dugesiidae</taxonomicName>
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family. For
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<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FF3A9E2DFF7EFBD4" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,245,1104,1128]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FF3A9E2DFF7EFBD4" box="[151,245,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a biogeographic hypothesis (
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FD819E2DFD16FBD4" author="Ball, I. R." box="[556,669,1104,1128]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="339 - 401" refId="ref1655" refString="Ball, I. R. (1974) A contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria). In: Biology of the Turbellaria. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, pp. 339 - 401." type="book chapter" year="1974">Ball, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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) proposed that during the formation of the current continents, its lineage was restricted to the land masses which would give rise to South America resulting in the Americas as the area of origin for all present-day species. A recent molecular study has given support to that hypothesis (Benítez-Álvarez
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<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FAB69EE4FAC0FB0C" box="[1307,1355,1176,1200]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
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., under review). However, in the 20’s of last century the presence of
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<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FC8E9EC1FC0AFB68" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[803,897,1212,1236]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FC8E9EC1FC0AFB68" box="[803,897,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus was reported in
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<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FBD59EC1FB50FB68" box="[1144,1243,1212,1236]" name="Germany" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Germany</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FB449EC1FA1BFB68" author="Meinken, H." box="[1257,1424,1212,1236]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="94 - 96" refId="ref2392" refString="Meinken, H. (1925) Ein verkannter Laichrauber. Wochenschrift fur Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, 22, 94 - 96." type="journal article" year="1925">Meinken, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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), and by the end of the 60’s its presence had reached a great part of Western Europe (
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<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FB859E9DFB57FB44" author="Gourbault, N." box="[1064,1244,1248,1272]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref1909" refString="Gourbault, N. (1969) Expansion de Dugesia tigrina (Girard), Planaire americaine introduite en Europe. Annales de Limnologie, Tome 5 (No. 1), 3 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 1969006" type="journal article" year="1969">Gourbault, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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; Saló, Baguñà, & Romero, 1980). Nowadays, it is also present in
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<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FD269F79FD7BFAA0" box="[651,752,1284,1308]" name="Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FD549F78FCB3FAA0" box="[761,824,1285,1308]" name="Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, and Hawaii (Sluys, Kawakatsu, & Ponce De León, 2005; Sluys, Kawakatsu, & Yamamoto, 2010). In addition, new reports of
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<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FCC49F55FB3DFAFC" authority="(Girard, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[873,1206,1320,1344]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tigrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FCC49F55FB9DFAFC" box="[873,1046,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia tigrina</emphasis>
|
||
(Girard, 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Balcans region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FF329F31FECEFAD8" author="Ilic, M. D. & Tubic, B. P. & Marinkovic, N. S. & Markovic, V. M. & Popovic, N. Z. & Zoric, K. S. & Paunovic, M. M." box="[159,325,1356,1380]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref2122" refString="Ilic, M. D., Tubic, B. P., Marinkovic, N. S., Markovic, V. M., Popovic, N. Z., Zoric, K. S. & Paunovic, M. M. (2018) First report on the non-indigenous triclad Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) (Tricladida, Dugesiidae) in Serbia, with Notes on its Ecology and Distribution. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 70 (1), 39 - 43." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ilić
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FF669F30FF71FAD8" box="[203,250,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and East Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FDBF9F31FC92FAD8" author="Kanana, Y. & Riutort, M." box="[530,793,1356,1380]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="597 - 600" refId="ref2215" refString="Kanana, Y. & Riutort, M. (2019) First record of freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in Eastern Europe. Zootaxa, 4624 (4), 597 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4624.4.13" type="journal article" year="2019">Kanana & Riutort, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have been published recently. Moreover, a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FA2F9F30FE59FA34" authority="Chen & Wang, 2015" authorityName="Chen & Wang" authorityYear="2015" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FA2F9F30FF60FA34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">G. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FF599F0DFE59FA34" author="Chen, X. & Chen, Y. & Wu, C. & Wang, A." box="[244,466,1392,1417]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="166 - 178" refId="ref1768" refString="Chen, X., Chen, Y., Wu, C. & Wang, A. (2015) A new species of the genus Girardia (Tricladida: Dugesiidae) from China. Zoological Systematic, 40 (2), 166 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs. 20150202" type="journal article" year="2015">Chen & Wang, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FC929F0DFCF4FA34" box="[831,895,1392,1416]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Chen, Chen, Wu, & Wang, 2015), but molecular data analyses showed that the species have a North American origin, taking into account its close relationships with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FA2F9FE8FEB9FA6C" authorityName="Woodworth" authorityYear="1897" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dorotocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FA2F9FE8FEB9FA6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">G. dorotocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FECA9FC4FE41FA6C" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[359,458,1465,1488]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tigrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FECA9FC4FE41FA6C" box="[359,458,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">G.tigrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FE759FC5FD6AFA6C" author="Kanana, Y. & Riutort, M." box="[472,737,1464,1488]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="597 - 600" refId="ref2215" refString="Kanana, Y. & Riutort, M. (2019) First record of freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in Eastern Europe. Zootaxa, 4624 (4), 597 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4624.4.13" type="journal article" year="2019">Kanana & Riutort, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA62B08FD419FC4FB96FA6C" author="Benitez-Alvarez, L. & Sluys, R. & Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Leria, L. & Riutort, M." box="[748,1053,1464,1491]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" refId="ref1587" refString="Benitez-Alvarez, L., Sluys, R., Leal-Zanchet, A. M., Leria, L. & Riutort, M. (2022) First molecular phylogeny of the freshwater planarian genus Girardia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) unveils hidden taxonomic diversity and initiates resolution of its historical biogeography. bioRxiv 2022.07.19.500599. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2022.07.19.500599" type="book" year="2022">
|
||
Benítez-Álvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FC0F9FC4FC59FA6C" box="[930,978,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the biogeographical history of the genus, in consequence its presence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FDF99FA1FD1FFA48" box="[596,660,1500,1524]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
will also be the result of an introduction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EA7656EFFA62B08FF6A9C7CFF75F980" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="460236E5FFA62B08FF6A9C7CFF75F980" blockId="0.[151,1437,888,2028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||
Here we report for the first time, the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FD7B9C7DFC04F9A4" ID-CoL="3G3MM" authorityName="Chen & Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[726,911,1536,1560]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FD7B9C7DFC04F9A4" box="[726,911,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FC1E9C7CFB98F9A4" box="[947,1043,1537,1560]" name="Morocco" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
and consequently of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FB549C7DFADCF9A4" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[1273,1367,1536,1560]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FB549C7DFADCF9A4" box="[1273,1367,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus in Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EA7656EFFA62B08FEA89C59FEA7F938" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="460236E5FFA62B08FEA89C59FEA7F938" blockId="0.[151,1437,888,2028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||
Since the specimens found were sexually immature, we identified them to species level using two molecular markers: a fragment of the mitochondrial gene
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FD3A9C35FC02F9DC" box="[663,905,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Cytochrome Oxidase I</emphasis>
|
||
(COI) and the nuclear gene
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FB6D9C35FF5FF938" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Elongation Factor 1 alpha</emphasis>
|
||
(EF1a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EA7656EFFA62B08FF6A9CEDFEE3F8A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="460236E5FFA62B08FF6A9CEDFEE3F8A8" blockId="0.[151,1437,888,2028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F6D53CB8FFA62B08FF6A9CEDFEEFF8A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3879203301" collectingDate="2019-04" country="Morocco" elevation="199" latitude="35.26299" location="Laou river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-5.26036" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" specimenCount="1">
|
||
The specimens were collected in
|
||
<location id="4362603EFFA62B08FD839CECFD2BF914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE1487F3FFA62B09FF3A9905FB20F813:4362603EFFA62B08FD839CECFD2BF914" box="[558,672,1680,1704]" country="Morocco" latitude="35.26299" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-5.26036" name="Laou river" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Laou river</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FD069CECFC85F914" box="[683,782,1681,1704]" name="Morocco" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
, under a bridge on P4104 road, at 199 meters of altitude and the geographical coordinates:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="23895022FFA62B08FE779CC9FDCAF970" box="[474,577,1716,1740]" degrees="35.26299" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="35.26299">35.26299</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="23895022FFA62B08FDE19CC9FD27F970" box="[588,684,1716,1740]" degrees="5.26036" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-5.26036">
|
||
-
|
||
<quantity id="81459B00FFA62B08FDFE9CC9FD27F970" box="[595,684,1716,1740]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33613144" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" unit="in" value="5.26036">5.26036</quantity>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="32031025FFA62B08FD609CC9FCC9F970" box="[717,834,1716,1740]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" value="2019-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2247E9CDFFA62B08FD609CC9FCC9F970" box="[717,834,1716,1740]" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" value="2019-04">April 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="DE862A60FFA62B08FCFC9CC9FC27F970" box="[849,940,1716,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1367,1391]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,380,1343]" captionTargetId="figure-115@1.[151,1436,380,1343]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Locality where the three samples were collected in Morocco river Laou" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952775/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Three asexual individuals were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FF3A9CA5FE90F94C" box="[151,283,1752,1776]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FF3A9CA5FF7EF94C" box="[151,245,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their external features (triangular shape of the head, dotted and light pigmentation) and were conserved in absolute ethanol
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EA7656EFFA62B09FF6A9D5CFB20F813" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="460236E5FFA62B09FF6A9D5CFD57FED8" blockId="0.[151,1437,888,2028]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,151,356]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||
Because the individuals were very small (
|
||
<quantity id="81459B00FFA62B08FD249D5DFD4DF884" box="[649,710,1824,1848]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
approximately), the entire animal was used for the DNA extraction with Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions. DNA quantification, PCR amplification, purification, sequencing and contig obtaining were performed as described in Benítez-Álvarez
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FA249D14FF27F818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., (2022). Six new sequences were obtained, and 57 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FCD59DF1FC5DF818" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[888,982,1932,1956]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FCD59DF1FC5DF818" box="[888,982,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Girardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were downloaded from GenBank (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DE862A60FFA62B08FAF89DF1FF2CF874" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1312,1336]" captionTargetBox="[156,1423,187,1257]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1435,181,1288]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian Inference tree of concatenated sequences of Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and Elongation Factor 1 alpha (EF1a) genes. The samples from Morocco individuals are highlighted in red. Values at nodes: posterior probability. Scale bar: number of substitutions per nucleotide position. The table shows the sequences used in the study, their taxonomic classification and GenBank accession code by gene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952777/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The downloaded sequences are representative of 11 species, including the North American species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FB519DCCFAECF874" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1276,1383,1969,1992]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tigrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FB519DCCFAECF874" box="[1276,1383,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">G. tigrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FF3A9DA8FDAAF850" authority="Woodworth, 1897" authorityName="Woodworth" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,545,2004,2028]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dorotocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FF3A9DA8FEDEF850" box="[151,341,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">G. dorotocephala</emphasis>
|
||
Woodworth, 1897
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B08FDF09DA8FD5FF850" authorityName="Chen & Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[605,724,2005,2028]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FDF09DA8FD5FF850" box="[605,724,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">G. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA62B08FC249DA9FC47F850" box="[905,972,2004,2028]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
; six South American species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA62B09FAB89DA8FEBAFF13" authority="Marcus, 1946" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1946" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="498" order="Tricladida" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schubarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA62B08FAB89DA8FA17F850" box="[1301,1436,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">G. schubarti</emphasis>
|
||
Marcus, 1946
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FE929AE5FDEDFF0C" authority="Sluys, 1997" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="1997" box="[319,614,151,176]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="biapertura">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FE929AE5FE5DFF13" box="[319,470,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. biapertura</emphasis>
|
||
Sluys, 1997
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FDD89AE5FAFFFF13" authority="Souza, Morais, Cordeiro & Leal-Zanchet, 2015" authorityName="Souza, Morais, Cordeiro & Leal-Zanchet" authorityYear="2015" box="[629,1396,151,176]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multidiverticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FDD89AE5FCD3FF13" box="[629,856,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. multidiverticulata</emphasis>
|
||
Souza, Morais, Cordeiro & Leal-Zanchet, 2015
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FA2F9AE5FDBBFF68" authority="Kawakatsu & Hauser, 1983" authorityName="Kawakatsu & Hauser" authorityYear="1983" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anderlani">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FA2F9AE5FF74FF6F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. anderlani</emphasis>
|
||
Kawakatsu & Hauser, 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FD969AC1FCDFFF6F" authority="Hyman, 1959" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1959" box="[571,852,187,212]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sanchezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FD969AC1FD33FF6F" box="[571,696,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. sanchezi</emphasis>
|
||
Hyman, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FCF29AC1FA13FF68" authority="Sluys & Benitez-Alvarez 2022" authorityName="Sluys & Benitez-Alvarez" authorityYear="2022" box="[863,1432,187,214]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clandistina">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FCF29AC1FC7CFF6F" box="[863,1015,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. clandistina</emphasis>
|
||
Sluys &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA72B09FBF19AC1FACCFF68" author="Benitez-Alvarez, L. & Sluys, R. & Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Leria, L. & Riutort, M." box="[1116,1351,188,214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" refId="ref1587" refString="Benitez-Alvarez, L., Sluys, R., Leal-Zanchet, A. M., Leria, L. & Riutort, M. (2022) First molecular phylogeny of the freshwater planarian genus Girardia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) unveils hidden taxonomic diversity and initiates resolution of its historical biogeography. bioRxiv 2022.07.19.500599. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2022.07.19.500599" type="book" year="2022">Benítez-Álvarez 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA72B09FAFB9AC1FA1BFF68" author="Benitez-Alvarez, L. & Sluys, R. & Leal-Zanchet, A. M. & Leria, L. & Riutort, M." box="[1366,1424,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" refId="ref1587" refString="Benitez-Alvarez, L., Sluys, R., Leal-Zanchet, A. M., Leria, L. & Riutort, M. (2022) First molecular phylogeny of the freshwater planarian genus Girardia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) unveils hidden taxonomic diversity and initiates resolution of its historical biogeography. bioRxiv 2022.07.19.500599. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2022.07.19.500599" type="book" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and three non-identified individuals, one from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA72B09FD0D9AA2FD51FF4B" box="[672,730,223,247]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and two from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA72B09FC289AA2FC51FF4B" box="[901,986,223,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The final alignment had 1716 positions (837 for COI and 879 for EF1a). A phylogenetic tree was inferred with the Bayesian Inference method implemented in MrBayes v3.2.2 (Ronquist
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FE119B55FE60FE83" box="[444,491,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012) using a partitioned scheme by codon and the General Time Reversible model + Gamma Distribution + Invariable Sites (GTR + Г + I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="12C2666DFFA72B09FF3A9F2AFC65FAD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6952775" box="[151,1006,1367,1391]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952775/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" startId="1.[151,250,1367,1391]" targetBox="[151,1436,380,1343]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="460236E5FFA72B09FF3A9F2AFC65FAD3" blockId="1.[151,1006,1367,1391]" box="[151,1006,1367,1391]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FF3A9F2AFE98FAD3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1367,1391]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Locality where the three samples were collected in Morocco river Laou
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="460236E5FFA72B09FF6A9FE2FACBFA43" blockId="1.[151,1437,1439,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">
|
||
The phylogenetic tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DE862A60FFA72B09FE6C9FE2FD95FA0B" box="[449,542,1439,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1312,1336]" captionTargetBox="[156,1423,187,1257]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1435,181,1288]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bayesian Inference tree of concatenated sequences of Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and Elongation Factor 1 alpha (EF1a) genes. The samples from Morocco individuals are highlighted in red. Values at nodes: posterior probability. Scale bar: number of substitutions per nucleotide position. The table shows the sequences used in the study, their taxonomic classification and GenBank accession code by gene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952777/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) places the three individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA72B09FC359FDDFC73FA0B" box="[920,1016,1440,1463]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FBE89FDDFB31FA0B" authorityName="Chen & Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[1093,1210,1440,1463]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FBE89FDDFB31FA0B" box="[1093,1210,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, supporting its classification as belonging to this species. At the same time, we can confirm with a broader taxonomic sampling the assignment of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA72B09FE9E9F95FDB4FA43" author="Kanana, Y. & Riutort, M." box="[307,575,1511,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="597 - 600" refId="ref2215" refString="Kanana, Y. & Riutort, M. (2019) First record of freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in Eastern Europe. Zootaxa, 4624 (4), 597 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4624.4.13" type="journal article" year="2019">Kanana & Riutort (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of samples from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA72B09FD579F9AFCDBFA43" box="[762,848,1511,1535]" name="Ukraine" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Gti_ukraine in the tree) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FBD69F95FB6EFA43" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1147,1253,1512,1535]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tigrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FBD69F95FB6EFA43" box="[1147,1253,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. tigrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="460236E5FFA72B09FF6A9C71FB20F813" blockId="1.[151,1437,1439,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">
|
||
In summary, we report for the first time the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FC889C76FC08F99F" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[805,899,1547,1571]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FC889C76FC08F99F" box="[805,899,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Girardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the African continent, specifically of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FA859C71FA17F99F" authorityName="Chen & Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[1320,1436,1548,1571]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FA859C71FA17F99F" box="[1320,1436,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">G. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Laou river,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3EAA7675FFA72B09FEC99C4DFE43F9FB" box="[356,456,1584,1607]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We used molecular data to perform the taxonomic identification of asexual individuals, validating the use of molecular techniques to species identification in this group. Our work supports previous results demonstrating the introduction of three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FD6D9C0AFC95F933" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[704,798,1655,1679]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FD6D9C0AFC95F933" box="[704,798,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Girardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Europe, Asia and now, Africa. It is worrisome how the broadening of our samplings of freshwater planarians has taken us to uncover more and more introduced species all around the world. Taking into account the rapid colonization and the success of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FC599CC2FBD9F96B" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[1012,1106,1727,1751]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FC599CC2FBD9F96B" box="[1012,1106,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Girardia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Europe, its arrival to Africa deserves special attention for the potential damage that it could represent for African freshwater communities. Other American invaders as the Nearctic “water boatman”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81BD4D66FFA72B09FD649D7AFB4FF8A3" authority="(Fieber, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Fieber" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[713,1220,1799,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Corixidae" genus="Trichocorixa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="verticalis" subSpecies="verticalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FD649D7AFBADF8A3" box="[713,1062,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Fieber, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been reported in Europe and Africa with high colonizing success (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA72B09FD179D56FBB5F8FF" author="Carbonell, J. A. & Cespedes, V. & Green, A. J." box="[698,1086,1835,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="409 - 420" refId="ref1702" refString="Carbonell, J. A., Cespedes, V. & Green, A. J. (2021) Is the spread of the alien water boatman Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis (Hemiptera, Corixidae) aided by zoochory and drought resistant eggs? Freshwater Biology, 66, 409 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / fwb. 13647" type="journal article" year="2021">Carbonell, Céspedes & Green, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA72B09FBE59D56FAADF8FF" author="L'Mohdi, O. & Bennas, N. & Himmi, O. & Hajji, K. & El Haissoufi, M. & Hernando, C. & Carbonell, J. A. & Millan, A." box="[1096,1318,1835,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="395 - 400" refId="ref2314" refString="L'Mohdi, O., Bennas, N., Himmi, O., Hajji, K., El Haissoufi, M., Hernando, C., Carbonell, J. A. & Millan, A. (2010) Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis (Fieber, 1851) (Hemiptera, Corixidae): une nouvelle espece exotique au Maroc. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 46, 395 - 400" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
L’Mohdi
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FB019D51FB51F8FF" box="[1196,1242,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA72B09FA9D9D56FE98F8DB" author="Guareschi, S. & Coccia, C. & Sanchez-Fernandez, D. & Carbonell, J. A. & Velasco, J. & Boyero, L. & Green, A. J. & Millan, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="59757" refId="ref1958" refString="Guareschi, S., Coccia, C., Sanchez-Fernandez, D., Carbonell, J. A., Velasco, J., Boyero, L., Green, A. J. & Millan, A. (2013) How Far Could the Alien Boatman Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis Spread? Worldwide Estimation of Its Current and Future Potential Distribution. PLoS ONE, 8 (3), e 59757. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0059757" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Guareschi
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FF3A9D2DFF4DF8DB" box="[151,198,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="222C4B14FFA72B09FEB09D32FE55F8DB" author="Taybi, A. F. & Mabrouki, Y. & Chavanon, G. & Berrahou, A. & Millan, A." box="[285,478,1871,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="498" pagination="49 - 59" refId="ref2415" refString="Taybi, A. F., Mabrouki, Y., Chavanon, G., Berrahou, A. & Millan, A. (2020) The alien boatman Trichocorixa verticalis verticalis (Hemiptera: Corixidae) is expanding in Morocco. Limnetica, 39 (1), 49 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.23818 / limn. 39.04" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Taybi
|
||
<emphasis id="74C9EAF7FFA72B09FECC9D2DFE1BF8DB" box="[353,400,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="498">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We want to make a call to the scientific community, about the importance of monitoring the introduced species in freshwater ecosystems, to detect any detrimental consequences to those delicate ecosystems, and to recall the usefulness of genetic data to rapidly identify and study the origin of the alien species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |