500 lines
59 KiB
XML
500 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="ECF37CB7FF4C8D0AF0C4EF1BC872A98F" ID-CLB-Dataset="26031" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4656.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f2befdc9-02c0-44b7-9d78-2433a77ec64d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3366797" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1565681725591" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sabino-Pinto, Joana, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Bletz, Molly C., Edmonds, Devin, Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel" docDate="2019" docId="3B69878CFFEEAD64FF7EFACA67D2C52E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4656.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4656 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Spinomantis mirus Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="C750FFF4FFEAAD63FFE9FFF7625FC449" masterDocTitle="A new species of the Spinomantis bertini species complex (Anura: Mantellidae) from Pic d’Ivohibe Special Reserve (Madagascar)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1702000842090" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4AEC5A94DD2E8F9FA65016A877DF3299">A new species of the Spinomantis bertini species complex (Anura: Mantellidae) from Pic d’Ivohibe Special Reserve (Madagascar)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="45F84372A1D631F94F3CDEEF394943CA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D54A064FD0AEB8EDB76A730F4B55ED04">Sabino-Pinto, Joana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B14FC46D3E81767BA442C7E373CB8941">Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="42D5A35B3312AFEC3EF48E5C4CBACEA8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C3BB0FD92A3773970D1E7A557D0F2E09">Bletz, Molly C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="68EB0319316C0785576DD2862803CE70" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2E54A9881A74F2D0622CA684D66C7242">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F1EDFCBB77FD24C13F5AE7F14DC611FE">Edmonds, Devin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4D9A8EB39235A6FFE012C3672923894">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3104CD6605AA5CC99F681727464347EB">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="137EF0B9E2CB1071FFCBD4D776FBF7B9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="47165AB384A09F9F1795227FA0CED451">
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<mods:date id="0837850316EEE6A254DA4AA64C7D8BA0">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="73DEBA7B3680A444C8E1C603685A9926">2019-08-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="370F2FF68E953E687305DC72EEDE9B6E">4656</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DF72AA93063AFEBECB876EE11A40506E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4656.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3B69878CFFEEAD64FF7EFACA67D2C52E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159126067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B69878CFFEEAD64FF7EFACA67D2C52E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B69878CFFEEAD64FF7EFACA67D2C52E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="FBDA6511FFEEAD67FF7EFACA61B3C132" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEEAD67FF7EFACA63BEC11E" blockId="4.[151,1004,1341,1403]" box="[151,481,1341,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="E83781F6FFEEAD67FF7EFACA63BEC11E" bold="true" box="[151,481,1341,1367]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FF7EFACA63BEC11E" bold="true" box="[151,481,1341,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEEAD67FF7EFACA6323C11E" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,380,1341,1367]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FF7EFACA6323C11E" bold="true" box="[151,380,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Spinomantis mirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFEEAD67FE6DFACA63BEC11E" box="[388,481,1341,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEEAD67FF7EFA9661B3C132" blockId="4.[151,1004,1341,1403]" box="[151,1004,1377,1403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<uri id="C7513A98FFEEAD67FF7EFA9661B3C132" box="[151,1004,1377,1403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FBDA6511FFEEAD66FF7EFA5E6191C4B2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEEAD67FF7EFA5E66D7C18A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1449,2015]" box="[151,1160,1449,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FF7EFA5E635FC18A" bold="true" box="[151,256,1449,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Remark.</emphasis>
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This species has previously been referred to
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<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FD10FA5E6151C18A" box="[761,782,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">S.</emphasis>
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sp. Ca12 by
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<bibRefCitation id="D7514B6BFFEEAD67FC48FA5E66DBC18A" author="Vences, M. & Kohler, J. & Glaw, F." box="[929,1156,1449,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="379 - 390" refId="ref7871" refString="Vences, M., Kohler, J. & Glaw, F. (2017) A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from southeastern Madagascar. Zootaxa, 4317, 379 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4317.2.12" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Vences
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<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FC1EFA5D6670C18A" box="[1015,1071,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEEAD67FF2EFA3A6292C21A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1449,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FF2EFA3A6292C21A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229328" collectingDate="2014-11-10" collectingDateMax="2014-11-11" collectingDateMin="2014-11-10" collectionCode="ZSM, ZCMV" collectorName="A. Rakotoarison. M. C. Bletz & D. Edmonds & F. Randrianasolo." country="Madagascar" elevation="1695" location="Pic d'Ivohibe Special Reserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="ZSM 818, ZCMV 14764" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FF2EFA3A6364C1AE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1485,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFEEAD67FF2EFA3A6369C1AE" box="[199,310,1485,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FEABFA3A63F4C1AE" box="[322,427,1485,1511]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="Museum">ZSM 818</specimenCode>
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/2014 (
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FE12FA3A60C1C1A1" box="[507,670,1485,1512]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">ZCMV 14764</specimenCode>
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), adult male (
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<figureCitation id="2BFB2A1FFFEEAD67FCDFFA3A6125C1AE" box="[822,890,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,876,901]" captionTargetBox="[147,1440,293,836]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[147,1440,273,851]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral views of preserved holotype of Spinomantis mirus sp. nov., ZSM 818/2014 (ZCMV 14764). All scale bars correspond to 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366801/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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, no picture in life available), from a primary forest along a stream in
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<location id="B61F6041FFEEAD67FE61FA066082C242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B69878CFFEEAD64FF7EFACA67D2C52E:B61F6041FFEEAD67FE61FA066082C242" box="[392,733,1521,1547]" country="Madagascar" name="Pic d'Ivohibe Special Reserve" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Pic d’Ivohibe Special Reserve</location>
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(-22.49833, 46.95917,
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<elevation id="38EDD1A9FFEEAD67FC0EFA0766A3C245" box="[999,1276,1520,1548]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6949999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1695.0">
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above sea level
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</elevation>
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), southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="CBD7760AFFEEAD67FF7EF9E2637FC266" box="[151,288,1557,1583]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, collected on
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<date id="C77E105AFFEEAD67FE29F9E26098C266" box="[448,711,1557,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" value="2014-11-10" valueMax="2014-11-11" valueMin="2014-11-10">
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<collectingDate id="D73AE9B2FFEEAD67FE29F9E26098C266" box="[448,711,1557,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" value="2014-11-10" valueMax="2014-11-11" valueMin="2014-11-10">10–11 November 2014</collectingDate>
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, by
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<collectorName id="1E35534CFFEEAD67FD1EF9E2661EC266" box="[759,1089,1557,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">A. Rakotoarison. M.C. Bletz</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="1E35534CFFEEAD67FBA7F9E26683C266" box="[1102,1244,1557,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">D. Edmonds</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="1E35534CFFEEAD67FAEAF9E26292C21A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">F. Randrianasolo.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEEAD67FF2EF9AA6770C2AA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1449,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FF2EF9AA608DC23E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229323" box="[199,722,1628,1655]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="UADBA-A 61689, ZCMV 14765" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FF2EF9AA6319C23E" bold="true" box="[199,326,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFEEAD67FF2EF9AA631EC23E" box="[199,321,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FEA4F9AA6046C23E" box="[333,537,1629,1655]" collectionCode="UADBA-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">UADBA-A 61689</specimenCode>
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(
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FDCEF9AA6094C23E" box="[551,715,1628,1655]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">ZCMV 14765</specimenCode>
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
, adult male,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FC88F9AA66B8C23E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229327" box="[865,1255,1628,1655]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="UADBA-A 61668, ZCMV 14752" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FC88F9AA6672C23E" box="[865,1069,1629,1655]" collectionCode="UADBA-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">UADBA-A 61668</specimenCode>
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(
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FBD5F9AA6680C23E" box="[1084,1247,1628,1655]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">ZCMV 14752</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FB1BF9AA6704C23E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229310" box="[1266,1371,1629,1655]" collectionCode="ZSM" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="ZSM 817" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FB1BF9AA6704C23E" box="[1266,1371,1629,1655]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="Museum">ZSM 817</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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/
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<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FA8DF9AA632AC2D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229326" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="ZCMV 14753" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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2014 (
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||
<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FF76F9766361C2D2" box="[159,318,1664,1691]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">ZCMV 14753</specimenCode>
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) and
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||
</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FE92F97663BBC2D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229314" box="[379,484,1665,1691]" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="ZSM 819" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FE92F97663BBC2D2" box="[379,484,1665,1691]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="Museum">ZSM 819</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
/
|
||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FE05F976633AC2F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229318" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="ZCMV 14770" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
2014 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FDDBF976608AC2D2" box="[562,725,1665,1691]" collectionCode="ZCMV" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">ZCMV 14770</specimenCode>
|
||
), adult females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2BFB2A1FFFEEAD67FC62F9766191C2D2" box="[907,974,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,996,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[158,1430,995,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral and ventral views of the female paratypes UADBA-A 61668 (ZCMV 14752) (A−B), and ZSM 817/2014 (ZCMV 14753) (C−D) of Spinomantis mirus sp. nov. from Pic d’Ivohibe in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366803/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), all collected by the same collectors during the same dates
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FE86F9526037C2F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229313" box="[367,616,1701,1727]" collectionCode="UADBA-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="UADBA-A 61668" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FE86F9526065C2F6" box="[367,570,1701,1727]" collectionCode="UADBA-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">UADBA-A 61668</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FD86F9526088C2F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229324" box="[623,727,1701,1727]" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="ZSM 817" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FD86F9526088C2F6" box="[623,727,1701,1727]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="Museum">ZSM 817</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/2014 were collected at a lower elevation (-22.49667, 46.95644,
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFEEAD67FF7EF93F62A8C2AA" box="[151,247,1736,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5059999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="1506.0">1,506 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FEE3F93E6059C2AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229309" box="[266,518,1737,1763]" collectionCode="UADBA-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="UADBA-A 61689" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FEE3F93E6388C2AA" box="[266,471,1737,1763]" collectionCode="UADBA-A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">UADBA-A 61689</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FDE4F93E6028C2AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229308" box="[525,631,1737,1763]" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="ZSM 819" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="E3669EE1FFEEAD67FDE4F93E6028C2AA" box="[525,631,1737,1763]" collectionCode="ZSM" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="Museum">ZSM 819</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/
|
||
<materialsCitation id="03A83CC7FFEEAD67FD96F93E6774C2AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2332229329" box="[639,1323,1737,1763]" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
2014 were collected at the same locality data as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFEEAD67FB2CF93E6774C2AA" box="[1221,1323,1737,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEEAD67FF2EF91B604EC3DE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1449,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FF2EF91B604DC34E" bold="true" box="[199,530,1772,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis and comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEEAD67FC0AF91A6752C341" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1992" box="[995,1293,1773,1800]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FC0AF91A6632C34E" box="[995,1133,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Spinomantis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mantellidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on (1) phylogenetic affinities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEEAD67FE5FF8E66042C362" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[438,541,1809,1835]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertini">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FE5FF8E66042C362" box="[438,541,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">S. bertini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEEAD67FDBAF8E660E8C362" authorityName="Vences, Kohler and Glaw" authorityYear="2017" box="[595,695,1809,1835]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FDBAF8E660E8C362" box="[595,695,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">S. beckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (2) presence of intercalary elements between ultimate and penultimate phalanges of fingers and toes (verified by external shape of digits), (3) presence of distinct femoral glands of
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFEEAD67FF7EF8AE6298C33A" box="[151,199,1881,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D7514B6BFFEEAD67FF05F8AE63F4C33A" author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. & Gossmann, V." box="[236,427,1881,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="1135 - 1154" refId="ref6858" refString="Glaw, F., Vences, M. & Gossmann, V. (2000) A new species of Mantidactylus (subgenus Guibemantis) from Madagascar, with a comparative survey of internal femoral gland structure in the genus (Amphibia: Ranidae: Mantellinae). Journal of Natural History, 34, 1135 - 1154. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930050020140" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Glaw
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FED8F8AD6335C33A" box="[305,362,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in males, (4) outer metatarsal tubercle present, (5) maxillary teeth present, and (6) adults living along streams in rainforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEEAD66FF2EF8566191C4B2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1449,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEEAD67FEF5F85663F9C3F2" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1992" box="[284,422,1953,1979]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEEAD67FEF5F85663F9C3F2" box="[284,422,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Spinomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the new species is distinguished by a combination of the following characters: (1) body size, adult male
|
||
<collectionCode id="D5D1AE5FFFEEAD67FEA3F8326321C396" box="[330,382,1989,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFEEAD67FE6DF832638DC396" box="[388,466,1989,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
and adult female
|
||
<collectionCode id="D5D1AE5FFFEEAD67FD7CF8326096C396" box="[661,713,1989,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFEEAD67FD26F8336113C396" box="[719,844,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25−27 mm</quantity>
|
||
; (2) lighter color of the flank with distinct mottling of whitish and dark brown and tri-color banding on the legs; (3) thick frenal stripe; and (4) a dorsal color pattern with large and distinct brown dots. Furthermore, it differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEFAD66FC6FFF4A664FC49E" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1992" box="[902,1040,189,215]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEFAD66FC6FFF4A664FC49E" box="[902,1040,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Spinomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by a substantial divergence of 8.1–9.8% uncorrected pairwise distance in a fragment of the 16S gene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="E7BF6612FFEFAD66FF7EFC9B638CC7E1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366801/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" startId="5.[151,250,876,901]" targetBox="[147,1440,293,836]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEFAD66FF7EFC9B638CC7E1" blockId="5.[151,1436,876,937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEFAD66FF7EFC9B634DC7CC" bold="true" box="[151,274,876,901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and ventral views of preserved holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEFAD66FCFCFC9A618DC7CD" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[789,978,877,900]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEFAD66FCFCFC9A618DC7CD" box="[789,978,877,900]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Spinomantis mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEFAD66FC3EFC9A6678C7CC" bold="true" box="[983,1063,877,901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFEFAD66FC3EFC9A6678C7CC" box="[983,1063,877,901]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ZSM 818/2014 (ZCMV 14764). All scale bars correspond to 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E7BF6612FFEFAD66FF7EF84C6199C3B1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366803/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" startId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" targetBox="[158,1430,996,1953]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEFAD66FF7EF84C6199C3B1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1979,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEFAD66FF7EF84C634BC39D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1979,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral and ventral views of the female paratypes UADBA-A 61668 (ZCMV 14752) (A−B), and ZSM 817/2014 (ZCMV 14753) (C−D) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEFAD66FE48F8176000C3B1" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[417,607,2016,2040]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEFAD66FE48F8176000C3B1" box="[417,607,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Spinomantis mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEFAD66FD8CF81760EAC3B1" bold="true" box="[613,693,2016,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFEFAD66FD8CF81760EAC3B1" box="[613,693,2016,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Pic d’Ivohibe in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FBDA6511FFECAD65FF2EFF6E62ADC716" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFECAD65FF2EFF6E66C0C5BE" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FF2EFF6E63C7C4FA" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,408,153,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FF2EFF6E63C7C4FA" box="[199,408,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Spinomantis mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FE76FF6E63A7C4FA" bold="true" box="[415,504,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFECAD65FE76FF6E63A7C4FA" box="[415,504,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FC8EFF6E61AEC4FA" ID-CoL="7L7B" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1992" box="[871,1009,153,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FC8EFF6E61AEC4FA" box="[871,1009,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Spinomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species not belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FADFFF6E67C2C4FA" ID-CoL="6YZFP" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1334,1437,153,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertini">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FADFFF6E67C2C4FA" box="[1334,1437,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. bertini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex by numerous morphological characters. Based on comparative data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D7514B6BFFECAD65FB71FF4A67C3C49E" author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M." box="[1176,1436,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" refId="ref6821" refString="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3 rd Edition. Vences & Glaw Verlag, Koln, 496 pp." type="book" year="2007">Glaw & Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D7514B6BFFECAD65FF2FFF1663F3C4B2" author="Cramer, A. F. & Rabibisoa, N. H. C. & Raxworthy, C. J." box="[198,428,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref6462" refString="Cramer, A. F., Rabibisoa, N. H. C. & Raxworthy, C. J. (2008) Descriptions of two new Spinomantis frogs from Madagascar (Amphibia: Mantellidae), and new morphological data for S. brunae and S. massorum. American Museum Novitates, 3618, 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 594.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cramer
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FEC8FF156307C4B2" box="[289,344,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FE5EFF16604DC4B2" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[439,530,225,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FE5EFF16604DC4B2" box="[439,530,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FDF0FF16602DC4B2" bold="true" box="[537,626,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFECAD65FDF0FF16602DC4B2" box="[537,626,225,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the fully arboreal species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FBCBFF1666CFC4B2" ID-CoL="4Z5RS" baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1058,1168,225,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aglavei">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FBCBFF1666CFC4B2" box="[1058,1168,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. aglavei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FB77FF166773C4B2" ID-CoL="4Z5RX" baseAuthorityName="Glaw and Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1182,1324,225,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FB77FF166773C4B2" box="[1182,1324,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FAD3FF1667CAC4B2" ID-CoL="4Z5RZ" baseAuthorityName="Glaw and Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1338,1429,225,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="massi">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FAD3FF1667CAC4B2" box="[1338,1429,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. massi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FF7EFEF26371C556" ID-CoL="4Z5S4" authorityName="Cramer, Rabibisoa and Raxworthy" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,302,261,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nussbaumi">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FF7EFEF26371C556" box="[151,302,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. nussbaumi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FED6FEF2639AC556" ID-CoL="4Z5S5" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[319,453,261,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peraccae">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FED6FEF2639AC556" box="[319,453,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. peraccae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FE3FFEF260DCC556" ID-CoL="4Z5S6" baseAuthorityName="Glaw and Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[470,643,261,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FE3FFEF260DCC556" box="[470,643,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. phantasticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FD2FFEF26110C556" ID-CoL="4Z5S7" authorityName="Cramer, Rabibisoa and Raxworthy" authorityYear="2008" box="[710,847,261,287]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tavaratra">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FD2FFEF26110C556" box="[710,847,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. tavaratra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by terrestrial habits and a smaller body size (SVL 24−27 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FEE7FEDF63D2C50A" box="[270,397,296,323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="31.0">31−56 mm</quantity>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FE36FEDE6011C50A" ID-CoL="4Z5RS" baseAuthorityName="Methuen and Hewitt" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[479,590,297,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aglavei">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FE36FEDE6011C50A" box="[479,590,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. aglavei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FDB4FEDE60B3C50A" ID-CoL="4Z5RX" baseAuthorityName="Glaw and Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[605,748,297,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FDB4FEDE60B3C50A" box="[605,748,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FD12FEDE6108C50A" ID-CoL="4Z5RZ" baseAuthorityName="Glaw and Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[763,855,297,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="massi">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FD12FEDE6108C50A" box="[763,855,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. massi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FC8FFEDE664FC50A" ID-CoL="4Z5S6" baseAuthorityName="Glaw and Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[870,1040,297,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phantasticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FC8FFEDE664FC50A" box="[870,1040,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. phantasticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FBA7FEDE668AC50A" ID-CoL="4Z5S7" authorityName="Cramer, Rabibisoa and Raxworthy" authorityYear="2008" box="[1102,1237,297,323]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tavaratra">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FBA7FEDE668AC50A" box="[1102,1237,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. tavaratra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a smooth skin without dermal spines or flaps; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FDD2FEBA60F1C52E" ID-CoL="4Z5RW" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[571,686,333,359]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FDD2FEBA60F1C52E" box="[571,686,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a much smaller body size (SVL 24−27 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FB55FEBB6766C52E" box="[1212,1337,332,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50−60 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and ab- sence of a clearly delimited ocellated dorsal pattern (vs. presence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FC57FE86667FC5C2" ID-CoL="4Z5RY" baseAuthorityName="Blommers-Schlosser" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[958,1056,369,395]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guibei">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FC57FE86667FC5C2" box="[958,1056,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. guibei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller body size (SVL 24−27 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FF57FE626366C5E6" box="[190,313,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="29.0">29−40 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and a mainly brown (vs. green) color pattern; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FC6BFE6261A7C5E6" ID-CoL="4Z5S3" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[898,1016,405,431]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FC6BFE6261A7C5E6" box="[898,1016,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller body size (SVL 24−27 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FF7EFE4E6349C59A" box="[151,278,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="30.0">30−48 mm</quantity>
|
||
), much smaller terminal discs on fingers and toes, and smooth skin; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FB6BFE4E66B2C59A" ID-CoL="4Z5RV" baseAuthorityName="Andreone, Glaw, Vences, and Vallan" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1154,1261,441,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brunae">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FB6BFE4E66B2C59A" box="[1154,1261,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. brunae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller size (SVL 24−27 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FEB8FE2B6392C5BE" box="[337,461,476,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="32.0">32−35 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and absence of gold and black mottling dorsally (vs. presence).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFECAD65FF2EFDF662ADC716" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
In relation to other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FDABFDF660F5C652" ID-CoL="6YZFP" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[578,682,513,539]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertini">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FDABFDF660F5C652" box="[578,682,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. bertini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FC91FDF6618AC652" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[888,981,513,539]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FC91FDF6618AC652" box="[888,981,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FC35FDF66669C652" bold="true" box="[988,1078,513,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFECAD65FC35FDF66669C652" box="[988,1078,513,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FAECFDF66732C652" ID-CoL="6YZFP" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1285,1389,513,539]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertini">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FAECFDF66732C652" box="[1285,1389,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. bertini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FF7EFDD262A3C676" ID-CoL="4Z5RT" authorityName="Vences, Kohler and Glaw" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,252,549,575]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FF7EFDD262A3C676" box="[151,252,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. beckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the lighter color of the flank with more distinct mottling of whitish and dark brown, tri-color banding on the legs (dark brown, light yellow and light brown), and a dorsal color pattern with more distinct brown dots.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FF7EFD9A6336C6CE" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,361,621,647]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FF7EFD9A6336C6CE" box="[151,361,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Spinomantis mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FE99FD9A6396C6CE" bold="true" box="[368,457,621,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFECAD65FE99FD9A6396C6CE" box="[368,457,621,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FD58FD9A6147C6CE" ID-CoL="6YZFP" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[689,792,621,647]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertini">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FD58FD9A6147C6CE" box="[689,792,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. bertini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a slightly larger body size (female SVL 25−27 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FF56FD676362C6E2" box="[191,317,656,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="21.0">21−25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, male measurements not available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FD1BFD666105C6E2" ID-CoL="6YZFP" baseAuthorityName="Guibe" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[754,858,657,683]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bertini">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FD1BFD666105C6E2" box="[754,858,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. bertini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a more muted pale yellowish-green color on dorsum, legs and head, a dorsolateral line with light yellow borders, a frenal stripe more whitish (vs. greenish-yellow), and more extensive and distinct mottling on the venter.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FCE8FD2E618DC6BA" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[769,978,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FCE8FD2E618DC6BA" box="[769,978,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Spinomantis mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FC31FD2E666EC6BA" bold="true" box="[984,1073,729,755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFECAD65FC31FD2E666EC6BA" box="[984,1073,729,755]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFECAD65FB2DFD2E6778C6BA" ID-CoL="4Z5RT" authorityName="Vences, Kohler and Glaw" authorityYear="2017" box="[1220,1319,729,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beckei">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FB2DFD2E6778C6BA" box="[1220,1319,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">S. beckei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having slightly smaller femoral glands (ratio FGL/SVL 0.14–0.22 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FC8DFD0A6652C75E" box="[868,1037,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="0.215" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
), a lighter colored and spotted (vs. dark and mottled) coloration on the dorsum, more distinct banding on the legs, and by having a thicker frenal stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2BFB2A1FFFECAD65FF49FCB262BBC716" box="[160,228,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,996,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[158,1430,995,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral and ventral views of the female paratypes UADBA-A 61668 (ZCMV 14752) (A−B), and ZSM 817/2014 (ZCMV 14753) (C−D) of Spinomantis mirus sp. nov. from Pic d’Ivohibe in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FBDA6511FFECAD64FF2EFC9F67D2C52E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFECAD65FF2EFC9F61D5C146" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FF2EFC9F604FC7CA" bold="true" box="[199,528,872,899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFECAD65FE4BFC9E6054C7CA" box="[418,523,873,899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen in good condition, tongue excised as tissue sample. Snout−vent length
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FF7EFC7A62A3C7EE" box="[151,252,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="24.3">24.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, for further measurements see Table 1. Slender body; head longer than wide, and as wide as body; rounded to somewhat angular snout in dorsal and lateral views, protuberant nostrils inserted laterally, closer to the tip of snout than to eye; distinct canthus rostralis, arched; concave loreal region; distinct tympanum, rounded, its diameter 62% of eye diameter; small supratympanic fold; no vomerine teeth, reduced maxillary teeth; large choanae, oval. Slender arms; single subarticular tubercles; no finger webbing; relative length of fingers 1<2<4<3; finger discs enlarged; nuptial pads absent. Slender hindlimbs; tibiotarsal articulation reaches the tip of the nostril when hindlimb is adpressed along the body; single subarticular tubercles; lateral metatarsalia partly connected; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, outer metatarsal tubercle not recognizable; reduced webbing, formula 1(1),
|
||
<date id="C77E105AFFECAD65FB4EFB7F66E1C0EA" box="[1191,1214,1160,1187]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">2i</date>
|
||
(1.5), 2e(1),
|
||
<date id="C77E105AFFECAD65FAA3FB7F6700C0EA" box="[1354,1375,1160,1187]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">3i</date>
|
||
(2.5), 3e(2),
|
||
<date id="C77E105AFFECAD65FF0AFB5A62A4C081" box="[227,251,1197,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">4i</date>
|
||
(3), 4e(3), 5(2); relative length of toes 1<2<3=5<4. Skin on the upper surface smooth, without folds or ridges. No distinct enlarged tubercles in the cloacal region; ventral skin smooth. Small femoral glands of type 1 sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D7514B6BFFECAD65FF35FB0263F3C146" author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. & Gossmann, V." box="[220,428,1269,1295]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" pagination="1135 - 1154" refId="ref6858" refString="Glaw, F., Vences, M. & Gossmann, V. (2000) A new species of Mantidactylus (subgenus Guibemantis) from Madagascar, with a comparative survey of internal femoral gland structure in the genus (Amphibia: Ranidae: Mantellinae). Journal of Natural History, 34, 1135 - 1154. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930050020140" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Glaw
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FEC9FB016307C146" box="[288,344,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, distance between femoral glands
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FCC4FB0261D9C146" box="[813,902,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFECAD65FF2EFAEE6070C266" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">After five years in preservative, the head appears rather uniformly brown with some darker brown spotting or mottling. The dorsum has mottling similar to the head but a lighter tone. There is a moderately distinct dark, almost black, dorsolateral stripe with a thin white line bordering the top, which runs from the nostril to the inguinal region. The flanks appear lighter in color than the dorsum. The limbs retain a distinct banding pattern.A thin white line runs along the upper lip. Ventrally, brownish with numerous white dots and small markings on chest and venter, markings are less evident on the chin and pectoral region. Ventral sides of thighs, shanks, and feet are brown with contrasting white blotches. Femoral glands are brown, contrasting with the mottled appearance of the thighs. Ventral sides of hands and feet are uniformly brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFECAD65FF2EF9CE66B5C21A" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2015]" box="[199,1258,1593,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
The coloration in life of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFECAD65FDEAF9CE603AC21A" box="[515,613,1593,1619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is unknown because it was not photographed in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFECAD65FF2EF9AB62ADC396" blockId="6.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFECAD65FF2EF9AB6360C23E" bold="true" box="[199,319,1628,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFECAD65FE9FF9AA6389C23E" box="[374,470,1629,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2BFB2A1FFFECAD65FD89F9AA60FDC23E" box="[608,674,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,996,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[158,1430,995,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral and ventral views of the female paratypes UADBA-A 61668 (ZCMV 14752) (A−B), and ZSM 817/2014 (ZCMV 14753) (C−D) of Spinomantis mirus sp. nov. from Pic d’Ivohibe in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) are one male and three females (see Table 1 for additional measurements) and strongly resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFECAD65FDFEF9766022C2D2" box="[535,637,1665,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Males are smaller than the females (
|
||
<collectionCode id="D5D1AE5FFFECAD65FBCBF9766607C2D2" box="[1058,1112,1665,1691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
24 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74389B7FFFECAD65FB45F9776778C2D2" box="[1196,1319,1664,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25‒27 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and have femoral glands but do not show other obvious sexual dimorphism in external morphology or coloration. Compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFECAD65FF35F93E631EC2AA" box="[220,321,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C7B8838FFECAD65FE9CF93E63BFC2AA" box="[373,480,1737,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
vary in the size and shape of mottling (resembling more dots than mottling) both dorsally and ventrally, the distinctness of banding on the legs, and the intensity of the white border of the dorsolateral line. In life, individuals had a pale yellowish green dorsal and head coloration with well-defined brown dotting; brown dotting appeared smaller on the head; legs had tricolor banding with dark brown, pale yellow and light brown; banding on the arms was less distinct; thick pale greenish-white frenal stripe and dark brown dorsolateral line with light greenish-yellow borders were present; flank was mottled with white and brown; venter had varying degrees of white and brown mottling; pale greenish-yellow iris matching the color of the borders of the frenal stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2BFB2A1FFFECAD65FF49F83262BBC396" box="[160,228,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,996,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[158,1430,995,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral and ventral views of the female paratypes UADBA-A 61668 (ZCMV 14752) (A−B), and ZSM 817/2014 (ZCMV 14753) (C−D) of Spinomantis mirus sp. nov. from Pic d’Ivohibe in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEDAD64FF2EFF6E6171C4B2" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEDAD64FF2EFF6E600CC4FA" bold="true" box="[199,595,152,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Natural history and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74C04D19FFEDAD64FDB2FF6E6171C4FA" authority="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences, 2019" authorityName="Sabino-Pinto & Rakotoarison & Bletz & Edmonds & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2019" box="[603,814,153,179]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Spinomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEDAD64FDB2FF6E6171C4FA" box="[603,814,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Spinomantis mirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEDAD64FCDFFF6E61CEC4FA" bold="true" box="[822,913,153,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8757F3FFEDAD64FCDFFF6E61CEC4FA" box="[822,913,153,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was found in primary forests both during day and night along small rivers. Males were not calling when collected and vocalization remains unknown. The species is only known from Pic d’Ivohibe Special Reserve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2BFB2A1FFFEDAD64FD35FF166142C4B2" box="[732,797,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1594,1619]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,287,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[160,1428,306,1566]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A) Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 435 base pairs of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene depicting relationships within the Spinomantis bertini complex. Numbers at nodes are percentages of bootstrap pseudoreplicates. Grey shading marks the new species. The inset map shows approximate location of the collecting sites of specimens represented in the tree. Scale bar in substitutions per site. Adapted from Vences et al. (2017). B) Haplotype networks reconstructed from DNA sequences of the nuclear genes KIAA1239 (left) and RAG-1 (right), for the three named species of the S. bertini complex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3366799/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B37F369AFFEDAD64FF2EFEF267D2C52E" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
|
||
<emphasis id="81B4EA88FFEDAD64FF2EFEF26311C556" bold="true" box="[199,334,261,287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is a Latin adjective (masculine form) meaning “surprising.” The new species is named after the unexpected events that occurred during its finding, such as encounters with police that confused the team with cattle thieves, and tiresome hiking after searching in vain for the trails left by previous expeditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |