treatments-xml/data/4D/90/0D/4D900D3ED6EB538FA3E50FC35737CE06.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.894.38327" ID-GBIF-Dataset="acd90ae8-177a-4c96-b63e-3bcdd8349e52" ID-PMC="PMC6904355" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-894-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="40C55DB7607A5885B43447CD39582563" ID-PubMed="31844407" ID-ZooBank="4F0217471CAE4D14BC227A7DA21B647A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-894-19" checkinTime="1575411482142" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn &amp; Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn" docDate="2019" docId="4D900D3ED6EB538FA3E50FC35737CE06" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 894: 19-32" docOrigin="ZooKeys 894" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.894.38327" docTitle="Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="40C55DB7607A5885B43447CD39582563" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="40C55DB7607A5885B43447CD39582563" masterDocTitle="Muangnua arborea, a new semislug (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Helicarionidae, Durgellininae) from Loei Province, northeastern Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668168175966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Muangnua arborea, a new semislug (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Helicarionidae, Durgellininae) from Loei Province, northeastern Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>894</mods:number>
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
<mods:end>32</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.894.38327</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.894.38327</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-894-19</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160612592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D900D3ED6EB538FA3E50FC35737CE06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D900D3ED6EB538FA3E50FC35737CE06" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName LSID="4D900D3E-D6EB-538F-A3E5-0FC35737CE06" authority="Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="19">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, evergreen forest along small stream valley on sandstone mountain at type locality, in which new species was found on monocot leaf (indicated by white arrow) B close-up view of specimen (indicated by arrow in A) C new species in resting position on tree trunk D new species on dicot leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361745" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. dissected holotype specimen NHMSU- 00019 A lateral left B lateral right C dorsal D ventral. Photograph by: Benchawan Nahok." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361747" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure4">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. external morphology and coloration of body with visceral hump and V-shaped dorsal groove, A mature snail B immature snail." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361748" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure5">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Shell of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020) A external view B internal view C periostracum removed from shell of preserved specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361750" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure7">7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Radula morphology of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020) A radula plate (ribbon-like radula in middle of picture) B central tooth (arrow) and lateral teeth C close-up view of left side of radula D close-up view of middle part of radula E close-up view of left side of radula showing marginal teeth F close-up view of right side of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361751" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure8">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Reproductive anatomy of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020), A genitalia B inner part of penis C after verge inverted. Abbreviations: hd = hermaphroditic duct, ag = albumen gland, vd = vas deferens, ep = epiphallus, er = epiphallic retractor, p = penis, ve = verge, at = atrium, gs = gametolytic sac, ut = uterus, v = vagina, pr = prostate gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361752" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure9">9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. dissected holotype specimen NHMSU- 00019 A lateral left B lateral right C dorsal D ventral. Photograph by: Benchawan Nahok." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361747" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) Thailand: Loei Province, Phu Suan Sai sandstone mountain, in small valley of Suan Pa Na Po, type locality covered by evergreen forest with dense undergrowth of bamboo and banana, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="17.465279">17°27'55&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="100.924995">100°55'30&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; at 940-960 m above mean sea level, 24-25 October 2011; C. Tumpeesuwan, S. Tumpeesuwan, and member of MSU malacology laboratory leg.; NHMSU-00019. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Seven adults and three juveniles, same data as for holotype: NHMSU-00020.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
Specific epithet &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicinidae" genus="Helicarionoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helicarionoidea arborea" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">arborea</taxonomicName>
&quot; derived from Latin word 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“arboreus”">&quot;arboreus&quot;</normalizedToken>
meaning &quot;of trees&quot; referring to the habitat of this new semislug species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
(Table 
<tableCitation captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/506EC158B221BB5220DD4CC201BBCD21" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="506EC158B221BB5220DD4CC201BBCD21">2</tableCitation>
) 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua limax" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Solem, 1966 by its body coloration. Head of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. arborea" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">M. arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with three black or pale black strips, for which each lateral side of head possesses lighter stripes from base of lower tentacle back to base of cephalic shield, a darker mid-dorsal line from anterior extremity among tentacles back to one-third of body length under cephalic shield (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">Figs 3</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">6</figureCitation>
), whereas, mid-dorsal line black strips absent in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. limax" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="limax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">M. limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are various sizes of white spots crowded on fringe and keel of living 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. arborea" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">M. arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which causes remarkable white 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Y”">&quot;Y&quot;</normalizedToken>
stripe on postero-dorsal side of foot (missing in preserved specimens), whereas, preserved specimen of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. limax" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="limax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">M. limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses three black strips on postero-dorsal side of foot, a darker stripes on mid-dorsal keel, and two lighter stripes on both lateral sides.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361747" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. dissected holotype specimen NHMSU-00019 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
lateral left 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
lateral right 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
dorsal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
ventral. Photograph by: Benchawan Nahok.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="506EC158B221BB5220DD4CC201BBCD21" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/506EC158B221BB5220DD4CC201BBCD21" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of morphological characters between 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua limax" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="limax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Solem, 1966 and 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="2">Character</th>
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Taxa</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. limax" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="limax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">M. limax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. arborea" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">M. arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Body</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Mid-dorsal line</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Lateral stripe</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Radula</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">120</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">&gt; 123</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Teeth/row</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">179</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">&gt; 44</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Genitalia</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Free oviduct</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Present (short)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Vagina</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Rather long</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Very long</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Gametolytic sac</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Reaching two-thirds way to albumen gland</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" rowspan="1">Reaching about half way to albumen gland</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Body</emphasis>
: Body is slender, elongated (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, evergreen forest along small stream valley on sandstone mountain at type locality, in which new species was found on monocot leaf (indicated by white arrow) B close-up view of specimen (indicated by arrow in A) C new species in resting position on tree trunk D new species on dicot leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361745" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2">Figs 2</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">6</figureCitation>
). Body length 37.1-45.3 mm and body width 10.2-10.4 mm when slightly retracted. Foot narrow, posterior part of foot laterally depressed and forms steep keel structure (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, evergreen forest along small stream valley on sandstone mountain at type locality, in which new species was found on monocot leaf (indicated by white arrow) B close-up view of specimen (indicated by arrow in A) C new species in resting position on tree trunk D new species on dicot leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361745" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2">
Figs 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">3</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">6</figureCitation>
) tapering posteriorly. Tail long with hooked, caudal horn (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), tail length almost equal to half of length of posterior end of visceral hump to anterior end of head. Posterior lobe of visceral hump rounded, resting in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">&quot;V&quot;</normalizedToken>
shaped body groove on top of foot (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. external morphology and coloration of body with visceral hump and V-shaped dorsal groove, A mature snail B immature snail." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361748" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure5">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">6</figureCitation>
). Mantle lobes and shell laps fused and forming large cephalic shield, completely covering shell and visceral hump.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361748" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. external morphology and coloration of body with visceral hump and V-shaped dorsal groove, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
mature snail 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
immature snail.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
colour pattern variation within population 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Coloration</emphasis>
: Primary color of anterior body is light-ocher-brownish and gradually changes to brown or dark brown at posterior of body. Head possesses two pairs of tentacles (=ommatophores in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.34372" author="Dedov, I" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="19 - 30" refId="B7" refString="Dedov, I, Schneppat, U, Vu, MQ, Huy, NQ, 2019. A new semislug of the genus Laocaia (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicarionidae) from Vietnam. ZooKeys 846: 19 - 30" title="A new semislug of the genus Laocaia (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicarionidae) from Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.34372" volume="846" year="2019">Dedov et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Lower tentacle is short and same color as head. Upper tentacle is black colored at base and gradually changes to light-ocher-brownish at top of tentacle, which contrasts with black eye spot on top of tentacle. Head with three black or pale black strips, for which each side of head possesses lighter stripes from base of lower tentacle back to base of cephalic shield and under its edge, a darker mid-dorsal line from anterior extremity among both tentacles back to one-third of body length under cephalic shield (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">Figs 3</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">6</figureCitation>
). Whole body has pattern of irregularly-dispersed various-sized white spots. Visceral hump with two short vague, pale brown lateral strips (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. external morphology and coloration of body with visceral hump and V-shaped dorsal groove, A mature snail B immature snail." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361748" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure5">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A colour pattern variation within population B close-up view of caudal horn (indicated by arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361749" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure6">6A</figureCitation>
). Posterior lobe of visceral hump sitting in dark brown to pale black V-shaped depression on postero-dorsal side of foot. Fringe of V-shaped depression connects to steep keel on postero-dorsal side of foot. Various sizes of white spots crowded on fringe and keel, which causes remarkable white 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Y”">&quot;Y&quot;</normalizedToken>
stripe on postero-dorsal side of foot; posterior extremity of this white Y-shaped stripe connects to white caudal horn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Shell</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Shell of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020) A external view B internal view C periostracum removed from shell of preserved specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361750" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): Reduced to partially calcified cap having no coiling, shell length 7.1-7.4 mm, SW 5.1-5.5 mm., apex not prominent, shell shape similar to human finger nail, white calcified plate covered by transparent pale brown periostracum, normally sloughs off in preserved specimens (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Shell of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020) A external view B internal view C periostracum removed from shell of preserved specimen." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361750" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). In living semislug, its shell is always completely enclosed by fused shell laps.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361750" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Shell of 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU-00020) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
external view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
internal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
periostracum removed from shell of preserved specimen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Radula</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Radula morphology of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020) A radula plate (ribbon-like radula in middle of picture) B central tooth (arrow) and lateral teeth C close-up view of left side of radula D close-up view of middle part of radula E close-up view of left side of radula showing marginal teeth F close-up view of right side of radula." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361751" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): According to old specimens preserved since 2011, edge of radula plates macerated and breaks down during radula extraction process. Although, we choose the best specimens from several individuals, nevertheless, most of the marginal teeth were lost or incomplete. Radula plate long ribbon-shape, comprised of at least 123 rows of teeth. Each row composed of more than 44 teeth. Central teeth isosceles triangle, tricuspid, very large broad base, mesocone long lancelate, ectocones prominent but short, not reaching nearly to edge of base plate. First lateral teeth with small entocone appearing on mesocone shaft, ectocone large and plump on outer side of cusps. Laterals have basal plate elongated, increasing as entoconal size increases and ectocone rapidly decreases in size. By 20th tooth, teeth sub-equally bicuspid, as entocone becomes smaller than mesocone and ectocone reduced to a small side cusp.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361751" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Radula morphology of 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU-00020) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
radula plate (ribbon-like radula in middle of picture) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
central tooth (arrow) and lateral teeth 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
close-up view of left side of radula 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
close-up view of middle part of radula 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
close-up view of left side of radula showing marginal teeth 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
close-up view of right side of radula.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Genitalia morphology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Reproductive anatomy of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020), A genitalia B inner part of penis C after verge inverted. Abbreviations: hd = hermaphroditic duct, ag = albumen gland, vd = vas deferens, ep = epiphallus, er = epiphallic retractor, p = penis, ve = verge, at = atrium, gs = gametolytic sac, ut = uterus, v = vagina, pr = prostate gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361752" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
): Atrium rather short. Penis large and stout, peanut-shape, internally with short cylindrical muscular verge, which attaches to inner surface of penis at proximal end (connected to distal end of epiphallus); inner surface sculpture of penis can be divided into 2 types: upper portion around verge covered with numerous small tubercles, and lower portion covered with transverse folds (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Reproductive anatomy of Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU- 00020), A genitalia B inner part of penis C after verge inverted. Abbreviations: hd = hermaphroditic duct, ag = albumen gland, vd = vas deferens, ep = epiphallus, er = epiphallic retractor, p = penis, ve = verge, at = atrium, gs = gametolytic sac, ut = uterus, v = vagina, pr = prostate gland." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361752" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure9">Fig. 9B, C</figureCitation>
); epiphallus length equal to penis, dumbbell-shape; vas deference inserts to epiphallus apically. Vagina very long and slender tube, prostate gland very small and encloses uterus, albumen gland small, hermaphroditic duct convoluted. Dart apparatus (amatorial organ) and other accessory penial organs absent. Gametolytic sac long, finger-like, reaching about half way to albumen gland.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361752" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Reproductive anatomy of 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua arborea" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. (paratype NHMSU-00020), 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
genitalia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
inner part of penis 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
after verge inverted. Abbreviations: hd = hermaphroditic duct, ag = albumen gland, vd = vas deferens, ep = epiphallus, er = epiphallic retractor, p = penis, ve = verge, at = atrium, gs = gametolytic sac, ut = uterus, v = vagina, pr = prostate gland.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
According to the most recent information, this species is known only from the type locality. They were found only on plants (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, evergreen forest along small stream valley on sandstone mountain at type locality, in which new species was found on monocot leaf (indicated by white arrow) B close-up view of specimen (indicated by arrow in A) C new species in resting position on tree trunk D new species on dicot leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361745" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), which is normally on the leaves of monocot plants, such as bamboo, banana, etc. (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). In the resting stage, this animal normally holds onto the leaves or trunks of plants by inverting their tail and attaching its end to the left side of their head, making their body U-shaped (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, evergreen forest along small stream valley on sandstone mountain at type locality, in which new species was found on monocot leaf (indicated by white arrow) B close-up view of specimen (indicated by arrow in A) C new species in resting position on tree trunk D new species on dicot leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361745" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure2">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). This new species has a similar protective behavior to that described by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.34372" author="Dedov, I" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="19 - 30" refId="B7" refString="Dedov, I, Schneppat, U, Vu, MQ, Huy, NQ, 2019. A new semislug of the genus Laocaia (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicarionidae) from Vietnam. ZooKeys 846: 19 - 30" title="A new semislug of the genus Laocaia (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicarionidae) from Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.846.34372" volume="846" year="2019">Dedov et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Laocaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laocaia simovi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simovi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Laocaia simovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.010.014" author="Wiktor, A" journalOrPublisher="Folia Malacologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="225 - 231" refId="B23" refString="Wiktor, A, 2002. Terrestrial gastropods of the Province of Madang in Papua-New Guinea (Part II) - Two species of Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1898 (Pulmonata: Helicarionidae) new to the science. Folia Malacologica 10: 225 - 231" title="Terrestrial gastropods of the Province of Madang in Papua-New Guinea (Part II) - Two species of Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1898 (Pulmonata: Helicarionidae) new to the science." url="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.010.014" volume="10" year="2002">Wiktor (2002)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Cryptaustenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaustenia saltatoria" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="saltatoria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Cryptaustenia saltatoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Cryptaustenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaustenia obesa" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="obesa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Cryptaustenia obesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If they are touched or caught, they will quickly flip, wag, and twist their foot to escape from the predator (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). In addition, for some semislugs in the resting stage, we found them near their fecal matter (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Muangnua arborea Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, sp. nov. A in natural habitat, after waking from resting position on bamboo leaf B revealing protective behavior on banana leaf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/361746" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.894.38327.figure3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), which might suggest this animal has homing behavior, and they will return to sleep in the same position every day.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Schilthuizen, M" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" pagination="287 - 306" refId="B19" refString="Schilthuizen, M, Liew, TS, 2008. The slugs and semi-slugs of Sabah, Malaysia Borneo (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Veronicellidae, Rathouisiidae, Ariophantidae, Limacidae, Philomycidae). Basteria 27: 287 - 306" title="The slugs and semi-slugs of Sabah, Malaysia Borneo (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Veronicellidae, Rathouisiidae, Ariophantidae, Limacidae, Philomycidae)." volume="27" year="2008">Schilthuizen and Liew (2008)</bibRefCitation>
a semislug is defined as snails with a partially visible shell that, due to their rather small shell, cannot withdraw its body into its shell. 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a slug-like semislug possessing a reduced shell having only one remnant coil that is always covered by a mantle lobe. There are many species of semislug described and recorded from South and Southeast Asia (
<bibRefCitation author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" refId="B1" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma." year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen 1908</bibRefCitation>
), including, 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Girasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Girasia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Girasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1855 from Himalaya and Assam (India), 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptogirasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptogirasia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Cryptogirasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1898 from Naga Hills (India), from Western Ghat (India) and Ceylon (Sri Lanka), 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Austenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austenia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Austenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nevill, 1878 from the Himalaya, Assam (India) and Burma (Myanmar), 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Parmarion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parmarion" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Parmarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P. Fischer, 1856 from South China to Java (Indonesia), 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Minyongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Minyongia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Minyongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1916 from Assam (India), and 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Myotesta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myotesta" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Myotesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Collinge, 1901 from North Vietnam. Of these genera, only 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Austenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austenia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Austenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Parmarion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parmarion" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Parmarion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known in Thailand. 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Austenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austenia doisutepensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="doisutepensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Austenia doisutepensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Solem, 1966 has a short body and 1⅔ to 2 whorls; therefore, its mantle lobes and shell laps cannot cover all the shell surface and leave much of the shell exposed (snail-like semislugs). 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Parmarion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parmarion martensi" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="martensi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Parmarion martensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simroth, 1893 has an elongated body, in which the small ear-shape reduced shell is frequently covered by mantle lobes and shell laps (slug-like semislugs). We provide below keys for identifying the genera of slug-like semislugs and species of 
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Muangnua" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muangnua" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Muangnua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Southeast Asia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>