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<document id="3F2E4257E09B4CF947874809BA357574" ID-CLB-Dataset="24734" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4702.1.18" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2251320-5eef-450d-9703-2d2004e4962b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3562779" ID-ZooBank="9108DB7D-3722-4F5C-BD76-F387E813BECB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575478933699" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Amaoka, Kunio &amp; Ho, Hsuan-Ching" docDate="2019" docId="194987B15D72FD6BDA8B936F8640FAB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4702.1.18.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4702 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bothus mancus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="E570FFC95D7CFD64DA1C904C8308FFC5" masterDocTitle="The lefteye flounder family Bothidae (Order Pleuronectiformes) of Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="215" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1701995998252" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="822B297137B7279630DAD0397FDCE159" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="157E78D2C1B9E06F8FE912E4140A8498">
<mods:title id="7DBC63CBA81B77533642F0C135AD6E64">The lefteye flounder family Bothidae (Order Pleuronectiformes) of Taiwan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0D8016F13CAA6CB35EFD165330A5CA4A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8A8D8D97B87318DFE3D5A72366310F7B">Amaoka, Kunio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="89851BE6DDA66BF170CC8B1E3DD35BFE">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="10492B7B8372F102FEC329E5B2EE1F7C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="61E3E384289DC3566158487EA0E9B979">
<mods:date id="58C5D44551D5B8018A96EEF7597079F1">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="34D5BD62B24E31AA9BE778DAF88E0818">2019-12-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BA51530EEB45E90E998B3AA60D865A36">4702</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7BCF697A28D9974577E7DC0A45089889">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4C508527489E700AB8D51D47344F31F0" type="CLB-Dataset">24734</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A0B760787A060423627C51E4F8A5EE39" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4702.1.18</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DBC3A3930E0E8CF8663D0FC64F1A094" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5B4050EE788B9C30F7AA19A8DC6CAF7" type="Zenodo-Dep">3562779</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="194987B15D72FD6BDA8B936F8640FAB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584326" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160618169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584326" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194987B15D72FD6BDA8B936F8640FAB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/194987B15D72FD6BDA8B936F8640FAB0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D72FD6ADA8B936F82AAFC9B" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADA8B936F814BFCF8" blockId="14.[151,579,803,902]" box="[151,579,803,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<heading id="CA1781CB5D72FD6ADA8B936F814BFCF8" bold="true" box="[151,579,803,830]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D72FD6ADA8B936F814BFCF8" ID-CoL="MP5Q" authority="(Broussonet, 1782)" baseAuthorityName="Broussonet" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[151,579,803,830]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADA8B936F814BFCF8" bold="true" box="[151,579,803,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADA8B936F825CFCFB" bold="true" box="[151,340,803,830]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Bothus mancus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6ADB7F936F8133FCF8" author="Broussonet, P. M. A." box="[355,571,803,829]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" refId="ref44124" refString="Broussonet, P. M. A. (1782) Ichthyologica sistens, piscium descriptiones et icons. Decas I. apud P. Elmsly, London, 49 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5786" type="book" year="1782">Broussonet, 1782</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADA8B930B82AAFC9B" blockId="14.[151,579,803,902]" box="[151,418,839,865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
Tropical flounder;
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADB76930B82AAFC9B" bold="true" box="[362,418,839,862]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">ăľ</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D72FD6ADA8B9327829EFC43" box="[151,406,875,902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADA8B9327829EFC43" blockId="14.[151,579,803,902]" box="[151,406,875,902]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<figureCitation id="09DB2A225D72FD6ADA8B932783F7FC43" box="[151,255,875,902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1863,1888]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–B. Bothus mancus, NMMB-27812, female, 149.9 mm SL. C–F. B. myriaster, NMMB-P23231, male, 103.5 mm SL (C–D) and female, 107.6 mm SL (E–F). G–H. Bothus pantherinus, NMMB-P23285, male, 116.5 mm SL. Left column, ocular side and right column, blind side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3562785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3562785/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Figures 3</figureCitation>
A–B;
<tableCitation id="DC62031C5D72FD6ADB5F9327829EFC43" box="[323,406,875,902]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,244,152,179]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,194,1140]" captionText="TABLE 4. Frequency of six meristic data of three Bothus species in Taiwan." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C59F662F5D73FD6BDA8B90D480F9FF76" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" tableUuid="C59F662F5D73FD6BDA8B90D480F9FF76">Table 4</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D72FD6ADA8B93FC8087FB53" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADA8B93FC8796FC0D" blockId="14.[151,1436,943,1029]" box="[151,1182,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D72FD6ADA8B93FC8121FC0D" authority="Broussonet, 1782" authorityName="Broussonet" authorityYear="1782" box="[151,553,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Pleuronectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADA8B93FC8266FC0D" box="[151,366,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Pleuronectes mancus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6ADB6993FC8121FC0D" author="Broussonet, P. M. A." box="[373,553,944,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" refId="ref44124" refString="Broussonet, P. M. A. (1782) Ichthyologica sistens, piscium descriptiones et icons. Decas I. apud P. Elmsly, London, 49 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5786" type="book" year="1782">Broussonet, 1782</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: no pagination (
<typeStatus id="4E5B88055D72FD6AD8D793FC81F7FC0D" box="[715,767,944,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Ulietea, near Anamoka, Tahiti).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADA8B93828226FBC0" blockId="14.[151,1436,943,1029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D72FD6ADA8B93828109FC22" ID-CoL="MP5Q" authority=": Norman, 1927: 34" authorityName=": Norman" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,513,974,999]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADA8B9382823DFC23" box="[151,309,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Bothus mancus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6ADB5B93838109FC22" author="Norman, J. R." box="[327,513,975,999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" pagination="7 - 48" refId="ref46023" refString="Norman, J. R. (1927) The flatfishes (Heterosomata) of India, with a list of the specimens in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 29 (1), 7 - 48." type="journal article" year="1927">Norman, 1927:34</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6AD80C93828007FC22" author="Chen, J. T. - F. &amp; Weng, H. T. C." box="[528,783,974,999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref44278" refString="Chen, J. T. - F. &amp; Weng, H. T. C. (1965) A review of the flatfishes of Taiwan. Biological Bulletin Tunghai University, Ichthyology Series, 5 (25 &amp; 27), 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Chen &amp; Weng, 1965:58</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6AD901938280BFFC22" author="Shen, S. - C." box="[797,951,974,999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref46616" refString="Shen, S. - C. (1983) Study on the bothid fishes (Family Bothidae) from Taiwan. Journal of Taiwan Museum, 36 (1), 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1983">Shen, 1983:24</bibRefCitation>
; Shen in
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6ADE3D93828601FC22" author="Amaoka, K. &amp; Shen, S. C." box="[1057,1289,974,999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" pagination="1042 - 1047" refId="ref43586" refString="Amaoka, K. &amp; Shen, S. C. (1993) A new bothid flatfish Parabothus taiwanensis collected from Taiwan (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 53 (3), 1042 - 1047." type="journal article" year="1993">
Shen
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADE429383879EFC23" box="[1118,1174,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993:567
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6ADF0B93828222FBC0" author="Shen, S. - C. &amp; Wu K. - Y." pageId="14" pageNumber="169" refId="ref46765" refString="Shen, S. - C. &amp; Wu K. - Y. (2012) Fishes of Taiwan. National Museum of Marine Biology &amp; Aquarium, Pingtung, 896 pp." type="book" year="2012">Shen &amp; Wu, 2012:749</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADA8B947F8087FB53" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADA8B947F8294FB8B" bold="true" box="[151,412,1075,1102]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D72FD6ADBBB947F872EFB8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935236" box="[423,1062,1075,1102]" collectingDate="1985-02-07" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" specimenCode="NMMB-P00628" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D72FD6ADBBB947F8157FB88" box="[423,607,1075,1101]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">NMMB-P00628</specimenCode>
(female, 147.3),
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D72FD6AD932947F808BFB88" box="[814,899,1075,1101]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="E55E10675D72FD6AD98F9478872EFB8B" box="[915,1062,1075,1102]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="1985-02-07">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D72FD6AD98F9478872EFB8B" box="[915,1062,1075,1102]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="1985-02-07">7 Feb. 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D72FD6ADE2A94788127FBB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935245" collectingDate="1965-09-15" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Pingtung" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" specimenCode="NMMB-P04701" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pingtung">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D72FD6ADE2A947887E6FB8B" box="[1078,1262,1076,1102]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">NMMB-P04701</specimenCode>
(male, 342.4), Hengchun,
<collectingRegion id="5324F8455D72FD6ADB00941B828CFBB4" box="[284,388,1111,1137]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Pingtung</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="E55E10675D72FD6ADB8E941B8127FBB7" box="[402,559,1111,1138]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="1965-09-15">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D72FD6ADB8E941B8127FBB7" box="[402,559,1111,1138]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="1965-09-15">15 Sep. 1965</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D72FD6AD822941B83DAFB50" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935201" collectingDate="1966-09-15" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Hengchun" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" specimenCode="NMMB-P05154" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pingtung">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D72FD6AD822941B81FEFBB7" box="[574,758,1111,1138]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">NMMB-P05154</specimenCode>
(female, 129.3), Wan-li-ton,
<location id="943F607C5D72FD6ADE56941B87C8FBB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:194987B15D72FD6BDA8B936F8640FAB0:943F607C5D72FD6ADE56941B87C8FBB4" box="[1098,1216,1111,1137]" country="Taiwan" name="Hengchun" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" stateProvince="Pingtung">Hengchun</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5324F8455D72FD6ADED2941B863EFBB4" box="[1230,1334,1111,1137]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Pingtung</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="E55E10675D72FD6ADF59941B83DAFB50" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="1966-09-15">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D72FD6ADF59941B83DAFB50" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="1966-09-15">15 Sep. 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="21883CFA5D72FD6ADAC294308084FB53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2462935208" box="[222,908,1147,1174]" collectingDate="2017-11-17" collectionCode="NMMB-P" collectorName="Hengchun" country="Taiwan" location="Pingtung" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" specimenCode="NMMB-P27812" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pingtung">
<specimenCode id="C1469EDC5D72FD6ADAC29430829EFB53" box="[222,406,1148,1174]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">NMMB-P27812</specimenCode>
(149.9),
<collectorName id="3C1553715D72FD6ADBE09437817AFB50" box="[508,626,1147,1173]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Hengchun</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="5324F8455D72FD6AD861943781EDFB50" box="[637,741,1147,1173]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Pingtung</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="E55E10675D72FD6AD8EC94308084FB53" box="[752,908,1148,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="2017-11-17">
<collectingDate id="F51AE98F5D72FD6AD8EC94308084FB53" box="[752,908,1148,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" value="2017-11-17">17 Nov. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D72FD6ADADB94D387B7F8A3" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADADB94D3821AFB1B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADADB94D382B1FB7F" bold="true" box="[199,441,1183,1210]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Diagnostic features.</emphasis>
D 99–101; A 77–79; P 11–13; C 2+13+2=17; LLs 81–89; GR 0+8–11=9–11; vert. 10+30=40.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADADB94AB806BFA1C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Body compressed; body shape changed ontogenetically, from round to elliptical, greatest depth at middle part of body (54.3–58.9% SL). Head length about equal to half of body depth (27.5–29.9% SL); upper profile of head with shallow, gentle concavity anterior of dorsal margin of upper eye, steep in both sexes. Snout much longer than eye diameter. Rostral spine present on tip of snout in males, absent in females and juveniles. Eye diameter less than half of upper jaw length. Males with 3–4 small orbital spines on anterior margin of upper eye and 1 strong spine on anterior margin of lower eye; both eyes in mature males with several flaps. Interorbital space shallow, wide and concave, its width wider in males than in females and juveniles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADADB95AF8755F983" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Mouth large, upper-jaw length 9.1–10.1% SL; maxilla extending to or slightly beyond anterior margin of lower eye; large and obtuse knob on symphysis of lower jaw in males. Teeth on both jaws uniserial, somewhat enlarged anteriorly. Gill rakers only on lower limb, short and slender, pointed at tip, not serrate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADADB9603864FF94B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Scales on ocular side very small, ctenoid with moderate long ctenii on posterior margin, cycloid on blind side. Pectoral-fin rays on ocular side remarkably elongate in males, pectoral fin vary in length (20.9–65.7% SL).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADADB96DB8120F884" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADADB96DB8247F977" bold="true" box="[199,335,1687,1714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Coloration.</emphasis>
Ocular side of body uniformly darkish brown mottled with many dark spots; head and body with many small bluish spots and rings; a diffuse dark blotch above junction of curve and straight portions of lateral line; a darker blotch on middle of straight section of lateral line; a smaller blotch anterior to caudal peduncle; a series of dark botches along bases of dorsal and anal fins; pectoral fin on ocular side with irregular dark brown cross-bars. Blind side of body yellowish white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADADB970787B7F8A3" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" box="[199,1215,1867,1894]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADADB970783F6F8A3" bold="true" box="[199,254,1867,1894]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Size.</emphasis>
Reaching
<quantity id="56189B425D72FD6ADB6A970082DBF8A3" box="[374,467,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="342.0">342 mm</quantity>
SL in
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D72FD6AD8019707817BF8A0" box="[541,627,1867,1893]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
; up to about
<quantity id="56189B425D72FD6AD91E97078057F8A3" box="[770,863,1867,1894]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="460.0">460 mm</quantity>
SL elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6ADE17970087BBF8A3" author="Norman, J. R." box="[1035,1203,1868,1894]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" refId="ref46198" refString="Norman, J. R. (1934) A systematic monograph of the flatfishes (Heterosomata). Vol. 1. Psettodidae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 459 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8585" type="book" year="1934">Norman, 1934</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D72FD6ADADB972382EAF86B" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D72FD6ADADB972382EAF86B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1075,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D72FD6ADADB97238269F84F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1903,1930]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</emphasis>
Around
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D72FD6ADBD897238111F84C" box="[452,537,1903,1929]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, including
<collectingRegion id="5324F8455D72FD6AD88A972381E5F84C" box="[662,749,1903,1929]" country="Taiwan" name="Penghu" pageId="14" pageNumber="169">Penghu</collectingRegion>
, Green and Orchid islands; widespread in the Indian and Pacific oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="F5714B565D72FD6ADB3797DF82DEF86B" author="Amaoka, K." box="[299,470,1939,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="169" refId="ref43343" refString="Amaoka, K. (2016) Flatfishes of Japan (Citharidae, Paralichthyidae, Bothidae, Pleuronectidae, Poecilopsettidae, Samaridae). Tokai University Press, Hiratsuka, 229 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2016">Amaoka, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C59F662F5D73FD6BDA8B90D480F9FF76" ID-Table-UUID="C59F662F5D73FD6BDA8B90D480F9FF76" box="[151,1009,152,179]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C59F662F5D73FD6BDA8B90D480F9FF76" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" startId="15.[151,244,152,179]" targetBox="[163,1423,194,1140]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D73FD6BDA8B90D480F9FF76" blockId="15.[151,1009,152,179]" box="[151,1009,152,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BDA8B90D48218FF76" bold="true" box="[151,272,152,179]" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Frequency of six meristic data of three
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BD8D290D58014FF76" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[718,796,153,179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BD8D290D58014FF76" box="[718,796,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Bothus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in
<collectingCountry id="E9F776375D73FD6BD98B90D580E5FF76" box="[919,1005,153,179]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D73FD6BD935908E80E4FBE2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<table id="E3E0C4075D73029BDABF908E8687FBB1" box="[163,1423,194,1140]" colsContinueIn="30.[163,1422,230,1100]" gridcols="23" gridrows="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF908E8687FF1D" box="[163,1423,194,216]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF908E8687FF1D" box="[163,1423,194,216]" colspan="23" colspanRight="22" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Dorsal-fin rays</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF90A58687FF3A" box="[163,1423,233,255]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1">
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB5690A58269FF3A" box="[330,353,233,255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">n</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB6490A58287FF3A" box="[376,399,233,255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">86</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB490A582B7FF3A" box="[424,447,233,255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">87</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB90A582E6FF3A" box="[471,494,233,255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">88</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B90A58116FF3A" box="[519,542,233,255]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">89</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A90A58145FF3A" box="[566,589,233,255]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">90</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD87990A58174FF3A" box="[613,636,233,255]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">91</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD88F90A581A2FF3A" box="[659,682,233,255]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">92</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD90A581D0FF3A" box="[705,728,233,255]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">93</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F390A5800EFF3A" box="[751,774,233,255]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">94</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD90390A5803EFF3A" box="[799,822,233,255]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">95</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD95390A5806EFF3A" box="[847,870,233,255]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">96</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD96190A5809CFF3A" box="[893,916,233,255]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">97</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B090A580CBFF3A" box="[940,963,233,255]" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">98</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C790A580FAFF3A" box="[987,1010,233,255]" gridcol="15" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">99</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE1090A58726FF3A" box="[1036,1070,233,255]" gridcol="16" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">100</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE5790A58765FF3A" box="[1099,1133,233,255]" gridcol="17" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">101</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF915D8687FEB1" box="[163,1423,273,372]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF915D8220FEB1" box="[163,296,273,372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BDABF915E8220FEB1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF915E8209FEE2" authorityName=": Norman" authorityYear="1927" box="[163,257,274,295]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">B. mancus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF9175821BFE8B" baseAuthorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[163,275,313,334]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myriaster">B. myriaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF91138220FEB1" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[163,296,350,372]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">B. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB56915D8269FEB1" box="[330,353,273,372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">4 20 20</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB64915D8287FEB1" box="[376,399,273,372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB4915D82B7FEB1" box="[424,447,273,372]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB915D82E6FEB1" box="[471,494,273,372]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">4</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B915D8116FEB1" box="[519,542,273,372]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A915D8145FEB1" box="[566,589,273,372]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2 4</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD879915D8174FEB1" box="[613,636,273,372]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">4 3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD88F915D81A2FEB1" box="[659,682,273,372]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2 4</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD915D81D0FEB1" box="[705,728,273,372]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F3915D800EFEB1" box="[751,774,273,372]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD903915D803EFEB1" box="[799,822,273,372]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD953915D806EFEB1" box="[847,870,273,372]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD961915D809CFEB1" box="[893,916,273,372]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C7915D80FAFEB1" box="[987,1010,273,372]" gridcol="15" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE10915D8726FEB1" box="[1036,1070,273,372]" gridcol="16" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE57915D8765FEB1" box="[1099,1133,273,372]" gridcol="17" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF91C88687FE5F" box="[163,1423,388,410]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF91C88687FE5F" box="[163,1423,388,410]" colspan="23" colspanRight="22" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Anal-fin rays</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF91E78687FE04" box="[163,1423,427,449]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1">
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB5691E78269FE04" box="[330,353,427,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">n</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB6491E78287FE04" box="[376,399,427,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">65</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB491E782B7FE04" box="[424,447,427,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">66</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB91E782E6FE04" box="[471,494,427,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">67</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B91E78116FE04" box="[519,542,427,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">68</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A91E78145FE04" box="[566,589,427,449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">69</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD87991E78174FE04" box="[613,636,427,449]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">70</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD88F91E781A2FE04" box="[659,682,427,449]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">71</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD91E781D0FE04" box="[705,728,427,449]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">72</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F391E7800EFE04" box="[751,774,427,449]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">73</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD90391E7803EFE04" box="[799,822,427,449]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">74</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD95391E7806EFE04" box="[847,870,427,449]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">75</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD96191E7809CFE04" box="[893,916,427,449]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">76</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B091E780CBFE04" box="[940,963,427,449]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">77</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C791E780FAFE04" box="[987,1010,427,449]" gridcol="15" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">78</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE1091E78726FE04" box="[1036,1070,427,449]" gridcol="16" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF919D8687FDF1" box="[163,1423,465,564]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF919D8220FDF1" box="[163,296,465,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BDABF919E8220FDF1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF919E8209FE22" authorityName=": Norman" authorityYear="1927" box="[163,257,466,487]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">B. mancus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF91B5821BFDCB" baseAuthorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[163,275,505,526]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myriaster">B. myriaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF92538220FDF1" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[163,296,542,564]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">B. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB56919D8269FDF1" box="[330,353,465,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 19 20</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB64919D8287FDF1" box="[376,399,465,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB4919D82B7FDF1" box="[424,447,465,564]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB919D82E6FDF1" box="[471,494,465,564]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2 3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B919D8116FDF1" box="[519,542,465,564]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">7 4</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A919D8145FDF1" box="[566,589,465,564]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2 5</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD879919D8174FDF1" box="[613,636,465,564]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 5</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD88F919D81A2FDF1" box="[659,682,465,564]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD919D81D0FDF1" box="[705,728,465,564]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F3919D800EFDF1" box="[751,774,465,564]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD903919D803EFDF1" box="[799,822,465,564]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD953919D806EFDF1" box="[847,870,465,564]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD961919D809CFDF1" box="[893,916,465,564]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B0919D80CBFDF1" box="[940,963,465,564]" gridcol="14" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C7919D80FAFDF1" box="[987,1010,465,564]" gridcol="15" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE10919D8726FDF1" box="[1036,1070,465,564]" gridcol="16" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF92088687FD9F" box="[163,1423,580,602]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB92088174FD9F" box="[471,636,580,602]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Pectoral-fin rays</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C792088611FD9F" box="[987,1305,580,602]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="15" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Vertebrae (precaudal + caudal)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF92278687FD44" box="[163,1423,619,641]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB5692278269FD44" box="[330,353,619,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">n</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB6492278287FD44" box="[376,399,619,641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">9</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB4922782B7FD44" box="[424,447,619,641]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">10</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB922782E6FD44" box="[471,494,619,641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">11</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B92278116FD44" box="[519,542,619,641]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">12</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A92278145FD44" box="[566,589,619,641]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">13</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9539227806EFD44" box="[847,870,619,641]" gridcol="12" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">n</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9619227809CFD44" box="[893,916,619,641]" gridcol="13" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">10</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B0922780CBFD44" box="[940,963,619,641]" gridcol="14" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">+</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C7922780FAFD44" box="[987,1010,619,641]" gridcol="15" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">26</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE1092278726FD44" box="[1036,1070,619,641]" gridcol="16" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">27</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE5792278765FD44" box="[1099,1133,619,641]" gridcol="17" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">28</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE95922787A8FD44" box="[1161,1184,619,641]" gridcol="18" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">29</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDEA6922787D4FD44" box="[1210,1244,619,641]" gridcol="19" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF92DD8687FD31" box="[163,1423,657,756]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF92DD8220FD31" box="[163,296,657,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BDABF92DE8220FD31" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF92DE8209FD62" authorityName=": Norman" authorityYear="1927" box="[163,257,658,679]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">B. mancus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF92F5821BFD0B" baseAuthorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[163,275,697,718]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myriaster">B. myriaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF92938220FD31" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[163,296,734,756]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">B. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB5692DD8269FD31" box="[330,353,657,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">4 20 20</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB6492DD8287FD31" box="[376,399,657,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">12</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB492DD82B7FD31" box="[424,447,657,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">7 14</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB92DD82E6FD31" box="[471,494,657,756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 1 5</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B92DD8116FD31" box="[519,542,657,756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A92DD8145FD31" box="[566,589,657,756]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD95392DD806EFD31" box="[847,870,657,756]" gridcol="12" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 20 20</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD96192DD809CFD31" box="[893,916,657,756]" gridcol="13" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 20 20</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C792DD80FAFD31" box="[987,1010,657,756]" gridcol="15" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE1092DD8726FD31" box="[1036,1070,657,756]" gridcol="16" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2 7</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE5792DD8765FD31" box="[1099,1133,657,756]" gridcol="17" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">15 12</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE9592DD87A8FD31" box="[1161,1184,657,756]" gridcol="18" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2 1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDEA692DD87D4FD31" box="[1210,1244,657,756]" gridcol="19" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF93488687FCDF" box="[163,1423,772,794]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF93488687FCDF" box="[163,1423,772,794]" colspan="23" colspanRight="22" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Lateral-line scales</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF93678687FC84" box="[163,1423,811,833]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB5693678269FC84" box="[330,353,811,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">n</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB6493678287FC84" box="[376,399,811,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">77</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB4936782B7FC84" box="[424,447,811,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">78</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB936782E6FC84" box="[471,494,811,833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">79</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B93678116FC84" box="[519,542,811,833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">80</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A93678145FC84" box="[566,589,811,833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">81</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD87993678174FC84" box="[613,636,811,833]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">82</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD88F936781A2FC84" box="[659,682,811,833]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">83</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD936781D0FC84" box="[705,728,811,833]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">84</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F39367800EFC84" box="[751,774,811,833]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">85</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9039367803EFC84" box="[799,822,811,833]" gridcol="11" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">86</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9539367806EFC84" box="[847,870,811,833]" gridcol="12" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">87</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9619367809CFC84" box="[893,916,811,833]" gridcol="13" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">88</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B0936780CBFC84" box="[940,963,811,833]" gridcol="14" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">89</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C7936780FAFC84" box="[987,1010,811,833]" gridcol="15" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">90</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE1093678726FC84" box="[1036,1070,811,833]" gridcol="16" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">91</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE5793678765FC84" box="[1099,1133,811,833]" gridcol="17" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">92</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE95936787A8FC84" box="[1161,1184,811,833]" gridcol="18" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">//</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDEA6936787D4FC84" box="[1210,1244,811,833]" gridcol="19" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">102</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDEEB93678611FC84" box="[1271,1305,811,833]" gridcol="20" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">103</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDF2E9367865CFC84" box="[1330,1364,811,833]" gridcol="21" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">104</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDF7193678687FC84" box="[1389,1423,811,833]" gridcol="22" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">105</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF931D8687FC71" box="[163,1423,849,948]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF931D8220FC71" box="[163,296,849,948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BDABF931E8220FC71" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF931E8209FCA2" authorityName=": Norman" authorityYear="1927" box="[163,257,850,871]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">B. mancus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF9335821BFC4B" baseAuthorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[163,275,889,910]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myriaster">B. myriaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF93D38220FC71" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[163,296,926,948]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">B. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB56931D8269FC71" box="[330,353,849,948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 19 20</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB64931D8287FC71" box="[376,399,849,948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB4931D82B7FC71" box="[424,447,849,948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB931D82E6FC71" box="[471,494,849,948]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B931D8116FC71" box="[519,542,849,948]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2 3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A931D8145FC71" box="[566,589,849,948]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 2 4</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD879931D8174FC71" box="[613,636,849,948]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0 2 0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD88F931D81A2FC71" box="[659,682,849,948]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0 3 2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD931D81D0FC71" box="[705,728,849,948]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0 0 3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F3931D800EFC71" box="[751,774,849,948]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0 0 0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD903931D803EFC71" box="[799,822,849,948]" gridcol="11" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0 0 2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD953931D806EFC71" box="[847,870,849,948]" gridcol="12" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD961931D809CFC71" box="[893,916,849,948]" gridcol="13" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0 1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B0931D80CBFC71" box="[940,963,849,948]" gridcol="14" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C7931D80FAFC71" box="[987,1010,849,948]" gridcol="15" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE10931D8726FC71" box="[1036,1070,849,948]" gridcol="16" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE57931D8765FC71" box="[1099,1133,849,948]" gridcol="17" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDE95931D87A8FC71" box="[1161,1184,849,948]" gridcol="18" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">//</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDEA6931D87D4FC71" box="[1210,1244,849,948]" gridcol="19" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDEEB931D8611FC71" box="[1271,1305,849,948]" gridcol="20" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDF2E931D865CFC71" box="[1330,1364,849,948]" gridcol="21" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDF71931D8687FC71" box="[1389,1423,849,948]" gridcol="22" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF93888687FC1F" box="[163,1423,964,986]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF93888687FC1F" box="[163,1423,964,986]" colspan="23" colspanRight="22" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Gill rakers (upper + lower)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF93A78687FBC4" box="[163,1423,1003,1025]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-16="1" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1">
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB5693A78269FBC4" box="[330,353,1003,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">n</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB6493A78287FBC4" box="[376,399,1003,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB493A782B7FBC4" box="[424,447,1003,1025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB93A782E6FBC4" box="[471,494,1003,1025]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B93A78116FBC4" box="[519,542,1003,1025]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A93A78145FBC4" box="[566,589,1003,1025]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">4</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD87993A78174FBC4" box="[613,636,1003,1025]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">5</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD88F93A781A2FBC4" box="[659,682,1003,1025]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">+</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD93A781D0FBC4" box="[705,728,1003,1025]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">5</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F393A7800EFBC4" box="[751,774,1003,1025]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">6</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD90393A7803EFBC4" box="[799,822,1003,1025]" gridcol="11" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">7</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD95393A7806EFBC4" box="[847,870,1003,1025]" gridcol="12" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">8</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD96193A7809CFBC4" box="[893,916,1003,1025]" gridcol="13" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">9</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B093A780CBFBC4" box="[940,963,1003,1025]" gridcol="14" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">10</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C793A780FAFBC4" box="[987,1010,1003,1025]" gridcol="15" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FD034E55D73029BDABF945D8687FBB1" box="[163,1423,1041,1140]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" rowspan-16="1" rowspan-17="1" rowspan-18="1" rowspan-19="1" rowspan-20="1" rowspan-21="1" rowspan-22="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="6C015D995D73029BDABF945D8220FBB1" box="[163,296,1041,1140]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BDABF945E8220FBB1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF945E8209FBE2" authorityName=": Norman" authorityYear="1927" box="[163,257,1042,1063]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mancus">B. mancus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF9475821BFB8B" baseAuthorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[163,275,1081,1102]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myriaster">B. myriaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BDABF94138220FBB1" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[163,296,1118,1140]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">B. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB56945D8269FBB1" box="[330,353,1041,1140]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 20 20</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDB64945D8287FBB1" box="[376,399,1041,1140]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">3 1 8</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBB4945D82B7FBB1" box="[424,447,1041,1140]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 0</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BDBCB945D82E6FBB1" box="[471,494,1041,1140]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD81B945D8116FBB1" box="[519,542,1041,1140]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">8 6</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD82A945D8145FBB1" box="[566,589,1041,1140]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">8 4</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD879945D8174FBB1" box="[613,636,1041,1140]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8DD945D81D0FBB1" box="[705,728,1041,1140]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">2</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD8F3945D800EFBB1" box="[751,774,1041,1140]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">9 7</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD903945D803EFBB1" box="[799,822,1041,1140]" gridcol="11" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">8 6</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD953945D806EFBB1" box="[847,870,1041,1140]" gridcol="12" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 6</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD961945D809CFBB1" box="[893,916,1041,1140]" gridcol="13" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1 1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9B0945D80CBFBB1" box="[940,963,1041,1140]" gridcol="14" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
<td id="6C015D995D73029BD9C7945D80FAFBB1" box="[987,1010,1041,1140]" gridcol="15" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D9FA652C5D73FD6BDADB94878640FAB0" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="915F36A75D73FD6BDADB94878266FAE8" blockId="15.[151,1437,1227,1397]" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BDADB94878233FB20" bold="true" box="[199,315,1227,1253]" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species inhabits in similar habitats as
<emphasis id="A394EAB55D73FD6BD9399487870FFB20" box="[805,1031,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="56E04D245D73FD6BD9399487870BFB20" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[805,1027,1227,1253]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bothidae" genus="Bothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">Bothus pantherinus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but differs from the latter in having a notch at the frontal margin of the head and higher meristics. Its body form changes from a round to an elliptical shape with growth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="915F36A75D73FD6BDADB957B8640FAB0" blockId="15.[151,1437,1227,1397]" pageId="15" pageNumber="170">
Specimens larger than
<quantity id="56189B425D73FD6BDBDE957B8116FA94" box="[450,542,1335,1361]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="220.0">220 mm</quantity>
SL exhibit a distinct sexual dimorphism in the interorbital width, the pectoral-fin length on the ocular side, presence of rostral and orbital spines on both eyes, and orbital flaps on both eyes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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