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<document id="F3DB8E91B4907A972C5031DC0FACF629" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2021.1905097" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5475466" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630927927642" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Roig-Alsina, A. &amp; Torretta, J. P." docDate="2021" docId="FC64BF7BFFCBFFBAFE71E7F5FDC639B9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.55.7-8.457-470.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 55 (7 - 8)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1905097" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Megachile leucografa Friese 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="461" masterDocId="005DC703FFC9FFBEFF94E711FFC43F33" masterDocTitle="The leucografa species group of Megachile (Chrysosarus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="470" masterPageNumber="457" pageNumber="459" updateTime="1699282960901" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="992F31BEB8A09B0A321E05C59B78CF46">The leucografa species group of Megachile (Chrysosarus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F5A1436C31972ED6240E871BAA378212">Roig-Alsina, A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28E1A4ADCE2387225FC2C22CA992C5ED">Torretta, J. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="39F8293564E515A57A88627398F7CBE3">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B77AADB56BB17E9E7A410BB3755640B2">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A5FF605557E8D7E1F657E436AF04C4DE">2021-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B9E11891F93A554E35B277BB353A586D">7 - 8</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FC64BF7BFFCBFFBAFE71E7F5FDC639B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5497305" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5497305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC64BF7BFFCBFFBAFE71E7F5FDC639B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC64BF7BFFCBFFBAFE71E7F5FDC639B9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
<subSubSection id="3CD75DE6FFCBFFBCFE71E7F5FCFA3FCC" box="[485,830,228,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCBFFBCFE71E7F5FCFA3FCC" blockId="2.[395,920,194,255]" box="[485,830,228,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
<heading id="2F3AB901FFCBFFBCFE71E7F5FCFA3FCC" box="[485,830,228,255]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFE71E7F5FD4D3FCC" ID-CoL="3YRVF" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[485,649,228,255]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFE71E7F5FD4D3FCC" box="[485,649,228,255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3CD75DE6FFCBFFBAFF34E65DFDC639B9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCBFFBCFF34E65DFF273DAD" blockId="2.[160,1156,332,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFF34E65DFEDE3E55" bold="true" box="[160,282,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Species of this group have dusky wings with dark veins and pterostigma. Females are recognised by the pointed fourth tooth of the mandible (
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFC5AE67EFBE33EBB" box="[974,1063,367,392]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1340,1363]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Megachile leucografa, female, clypeus and mandibles; (b) M. leucografa, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area, tuft of hairs on inner surface of mandible (‘t’), and oblique row of hairs on under surface of femur (‘r’); (c) M. obscurior, male, ventral view showing glabrous, rugose hypostomal area; (d) M. rancaguensis, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area; (e) M. leucografa, female, hind tarsus; lines indicate measurements of length and width of basitarsus; (f) M. obscurior, male, dorsal view of apical metasomal terga. Scale bars: a, e = 0.5 mm; b–d, f = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(a)), the apical margin of the clypeus with a median smooth emargination (
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFC09E683FC313E98" box="[925,1013,402,427]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1340,1363]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Megachile leucografa, female, clypeus and mandibles; (b) M. leucografa, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area, tuft of hairs on inner surface of mandible (‘t’), and oblique row of hairs on under surface of femur (‘r’); (c) M. obscurior, male, ventral view showing glabrous, rugose hypostomal area; (d) M. rancaguensis, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area; (e) M. leucografa, female, hind tarsus; lines indicate measurements of length and width of basitarsus; (f) M. obscurior, male, dorsal view of apical metasomal terga. Scale bars: a, e = 0.5 mm; b–d, f = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(a)), and the broad hind basitarsus (
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFE0FE6A4FE343EFD" box="[411,496,437,462]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1340,1363]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Megachile leucografa, female, clypeus and mandibles; (b) M. leucografa, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area, tuft of hairs on inner surface of mandible (‘t’), and oblique row of hairs on under surface of femur (‘r’); (c) M. obscurior, male, ventral view showing glabrous, rugose hypostomal area; (d) M. rancaguensis, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area; (e) M. leucografa, female, hind tarsus; lines indicate measurements of length and width of basitarsus; (f) M. obscurior, male, dorsal view of apical metasomal terga. Scale bars: a, e = 0.5 mm; b–d, f = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(e)). Males are distinguished by the basal tuft of long, dense hairs on the inner surface of the mandible (on the condylar interspace,
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFC23E6C6FBC83EC3" box="[951,1036,471,496]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1340,1363]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Megachile leucografa, female, clypeus and mandibles; (b) M. leucografa, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area, tuft of hairs on inner surface of mandible (‘t’), and oblique row of hairs on under surface of femur (‘r’); (c) M. obscurior, male, ventral view showing glabrous, rugose hypostomal area; (d) M. rancaguensis, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area; (e) M. leucografa, female, hind tarsus; lines indicate measurements of length and width of basitarsus; (f) M. obscurior, male, dorsal view of apical metasomal terga. Scale bars: a, e = 0.5 mm; b–d, f = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(b–d)), the emarginate and spineless preapical carina of T6 (
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFD71E6EBFC863D20" box="[741,834,506,531]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1340,1363]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Megachile leucografa, female, clypeus and mandibles; (b) M. leucografa, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area, tuft of hairs on inner surface of mandible (‘t’), and oblique row of hairs on under surface of femur (‘r’); (c) M. obscurior, male, ventral view showing glabrous, rugose hypostomal area; (d) M. rancaguensis, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area; (e) M. leucografa, female, hind tarsus; lines indicate measurements of length and width of basitarsus; (f) M. obscurior, male, dorsal view of apical metasomal terga. Scale bars: a, e = 0.5 mm; b–d, f = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(f)), the flattened, yellowish foretarsus with a large fringe of hairs and short, broad basitarsus (
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFC3DE50CFBCD3D05" box="[937,1033,541,566]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1250,1273]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-112@4.[163,1153,142,1218]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lateral habitus of Megachile species of the M. leucografa group: (a). M. leucografa, female; (b) M. leucografa, male; (c). M. obscurior, female holotype; (d) M. obscurior, male; (e) M. rancaguensis, female holotype; (f) M. rancaguensis, male. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b,d,f)), the broad translucent separation area of S5 (
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFDE5E52EFD0A3D6B" box="[625,718,575,600]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1606,1629]" captionTargetBox="[162,1144,1218,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-49@5.[162,1152,1218,1575]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Megachile obscurior, male: (a) S5; (b) S6; (c) S8; (d) genital capsule, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475474/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(a); and
<bibRefCitation id="105C739CFFCBFFBCFCB8E52EFC083D6B" author="Durante SP" box="[812,972,575,600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref6767" refString="Durante SP. 1994. Aportes al conocimiento de Chrysosarus (Dactylomegachile) trochantina (Vachal 1909) comb. nov. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Neotropica. 40 (103 - 104): 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="1994">Durante (1994</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4), and the broad, rounded apical lobes of the postgradular area of S6 (
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFCBAE573FC4C3D48" box="[814,904,610,635]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1606,1629]" captionTargetBox="[162,1144,1218,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-49@5.[162,1152,1218,1575]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Megachile obscurior, male: (a) S5; (b) S6; (c) S8; (d) genital capsule, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475474/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(b); and
<bibRefCitation id="105C739CFFCBFFBCFC75E573FBBA3D48" author="Durante SP" box="[993,1150,610,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref6767" refString="Durante SP. 1994. Aportes al conocimiento de Chrysosarus (Dactylomegachile) trochantina (Vachal 1909) comb. nov. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Neotropica. 40 (103 - 104): 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="1994">Durante (1994</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCBFFBCFF54E5B6FCB33C1B" blockId="2.[160,1156,332,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
Species of this group share many characters with those species that have been included in
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFEB1E5DBFE233DD0" box="[293,487,714,739]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chrysosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dactylomegachile">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFEB1E5DBFE233DD0" box="[293,487,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Dactylomegachile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but they also share some features with the amber-winged species that have been included in
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFDAFE5FCFC8A3C35" box="[571,846,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFDAFE5FCFD783C35" box="[571,700,749,774]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chrysosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Chrysosarus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5D8A6F04FFCBFFBCFD52E5FCFC8A3C35" box="[710,846,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFCCBE5FCFC5F3C35" box="[863,923,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="105C739CFFCBFFBCFC31E5FCFB803C35" author="Mitchell TB" box="[933,1092,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" pagination="656 - 671" refId="ref7375" refString="Mitchell TB. 1943. On the classification of neotropical Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 36 (4): 656 - 671. doi: 10.1093 / aesa / 36.4.656." type="journal article" year="1943">Mitchell, 1943</bibRefCitation>
). The diagnostic features of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFE5CE41EFDFF3C1B" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[456,571,783,808]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFE5CE41EFDFF3C1B" box="[456,571,783,808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are discussed below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCBFFBCFF54E423FEC03B28" blockId="2.[160,1156,332,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
Among species that have been included in
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFD36E423FCA03C78" box="[674,868,818,843]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chrysosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="457" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dactylomegachile">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFD36E423FCA03C78" box="[674,868,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Dactylomegachile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pointed fourth tooth of the female mandible occurs only in the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFDE1E444FD2C3C5D" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[629,744,853,878]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFDE1E444FD2C3C5D" box="[629,744,853,878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, while other species with dark veins and pterostigma have a distinctly incised, or less frequently truncate, fourth tooth. A pointed fourth tooth, on the contrary, can be found among species of
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFC54E48BFF263CE5" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFC54E48BFB853C80" box="[960,1089,922,947]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chrysosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Chrysosarus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5D8A6F04FFCBFFBCFBD3E48BFF263CE5" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, as for example in
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFE2EE4ACFDB33CE5" authorityName="Schrottky" authorityYear="1908" box="[442,631,957,982]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catamarcensis">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFE2EE4ACFDB33CE5" box="[442,631,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. catamarcensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although amber-winged species usually have a broadly truncate, low fourth tooth (which in some specimens may appear pointed due to wear).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCBFFBCFF54E334FE453A60" blockId="2.[160,1156,332,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
The broad hind basitarsus of the female is characteristic of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFC2BE334FBF63B0D" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[959,1074,1061,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFC2BE334FBF63B0D" box="[959,1074,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (2.5–2.7× as long as its maximum width in lateral view,
<figureCitation id="ECF612E8FFCBFFBCFC80E356FCA83B53" box="[788,876,1095,1120]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1340,1363]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-45@3.[163,1153,142,1308]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. (a) Megachile leucografa, female, clypeus and mandibles; (b) M. leucografa, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area, tuft of hairs on inner surface of mandible (‘t’), and oblique row of hairs on under surface of femur (‘r’); (c) M. obscurior, male, ventral view showing glabrous, rugose hypostomal area; (d) M. rancaguensis, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area; (e) M. leucografa, female, hind tarsus; lines indicate measurements of length and width of basitarsus; (f) M. obscurior, male, dorsal view of apical metasomal terga. Scale bars: a, e = 0.5 mm; b–d, f = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475468/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(e)), and approaches the condition seen in species with amber wings (2.7–2.8×, in species such as
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFC70E37BFB473BB0" authorityName="Schrottky" authorityYear="1909" box="[996,1155,1130,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guaranitica">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFC70E37BFB473BB0" box="[996,1155,1130,1155]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. guaranitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFF41E39CFE913B95" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1930" box="[213,341,1165,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concava">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFF41E39CFE913B95" box="[213,341,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. concava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In species with dark veins and pterostigma, other than those of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFF34E3BEFED73BFB" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[160,275,1199,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFF34E3BEFED73BFB" box="[160,275,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, the female hind basitarsus is slender, varying from 3.1–3.2× (in species such as
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFE96E3C3FE0E3BD8" authority="Vachal" authorityName="Vachal" authorityYear="1908" box="[258,458,1234,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagata">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFE96E3C3FEB03BD8" box="[258,372,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. vagata</emphasis>
Vachal
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFD9FE3C3FCEE3BD8" authority="Holmberg" authorityName="Holmberg" authorityYear="1886" box="[523,810,1234,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ctenophora">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFD9FE3C3FD693BD8" box="[523,685,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. ctenophora</emphasis>
Holmberg
</taxonomicName>
) to 3.35× as long as wide in
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFF34E3E4FEC33A3D" authorityName="Vachal" authorityYear="1908" box="[160,263,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infima">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFF34E3E4FEC33A3D" box="[160,263,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. infima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another characteristic of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFDCBE3E4FD163A3D" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[607,722,1269,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFDCBE3E4FD163A3D" box="[607,722,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is the medially smooth, weakly concave apical margin of the female clypeus, which is denticulate in most species of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFF34E22BFEE53A60" box="[160,289,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chrysosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFF34E22BFEE53A60" box="[160,289,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">Chrysosarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCBFFBCFF54E24CFEA83910" blockId="2.[160,1156,332,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
Regarding the males, the basal tuft of hairs on the inner surface of the mandible, not accompanied by any projection, is unique to the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFD42E26EFC8E3AAB" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[726,842,1407,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFD42E26EFC8E3AAB" box="[726,842,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group among species with dark wings, but it occurs in some of those species with amber wings (e.g. in
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFF34E2D4FE5E3AED" authority="Mitchell" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1929" box="[160,410,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapytensis">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFF34E2D4FEF03AED" box="[160,308,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. tapytensis</emphasis>
Mitchell
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFE48E2D4FD033AED" authority="Mitchell" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1930" box="[476,711,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concava">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFE48E2D4FD993AED" box="[476,605,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">M. concava</emphasis>
Mitchell
</taxonomicName>
). Usually, amber-winged species have profuse pilosity on the condylar interspace of the mandible, while dark-winged species have sparse hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCBFFBDFF54E13CFDC939AD" blockId="2.[160,1156,332,1710]" lastBlockId="3.[160,1156,1599,1694]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">
Features shared by species of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCBFFBCFD17E13CFD3D3975" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[643,761,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCBFFBCFD17E13CFD3D3975" box="[643,761,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="459">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group with other dark-winged species are the presence of ferruginous bristles on the nearly glabrous anterior surface of the forecoxa of the male, and the presence of a distinct angle on the lower margin of the male mandible. The preapical carina of T6 is unarmed and emarginate in the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCAFFBDFEEDE12EFE2B396B" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[377,495,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFEEDE12EFE2B396B" box="[377,495,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, but a similar carina can be found among dark as well as among amber-winged species, since the carina of T6 is variable in shape and ornamentation in both groups.
</paragraph>
<caption id="20B25EE5FFCAFFBDFF34E22DFB403AD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5475468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475468/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" startId="3.[160,225,1340,1363]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1308]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCAFFBDFF34E22DFB403AD6" blockId="3.[160,1157,1340,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFF34E22DFF383A60" bold="true" box="[160,252,1340,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">Figure 1.</emphasis>
(a)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCAFFBDFEB2E22DFE303A60" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[294,500,1340,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFEB2E22DFE303A60" box="[294,500,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">Megachile leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, clypeus and mandibles; (b)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCAFFBDFCFBE22DFC303A60" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[879,1012,1340,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFCFBE22DFC303A60" box="[879,1012,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">M. leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area, tuft of hairs on inner surface of mandible (‘t’), and oblique row of hairs on under surface of femur (‘r’); (c)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCAFFBDFDD2E267FD783ABE" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1912" box="[582,700,1398,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFDD2E267FD783ABE" box="[582,700,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">M. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, ventral view showing glabrous, rugose hypostomal area; (d)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCAFFBDFE11E285FDE13A98" box="[389,549,1428,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rancaguensis">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFE11E285FDE13A98" box="[389,549,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">M. rancaguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, ventral view showing pilose hypostomal area; (e)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCAFFBDFF34E2A0FEE23AFB" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[160,294,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFF34E2A0FEE23AFB" box="[160,294,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">M. leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, hind tarsus; lines indicate measurements of length and width of basitarsus; (f)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCAFFBDFF2FE2DFFEF43AD6" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1912" box="[187,304,1486,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCAFFBDFF2FE2DFFEF43AD6" box="[187,304,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="460">M. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, dorsal view of apical metasomal terga. Scale bars: a, e = 0.5 mm; b–d, f = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="20B25EE5FFCDFFBAFF34E3F3FD383A07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5475470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5475470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5475470/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" startId="4.[160,225,1250,1273]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1218]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCDFFBAFF34E3F3FD383A07" blockId="4.[160,1156,1250,1332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFF34E3F3FF3D3BCA" bold="true" box="[160,249,1250,1273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Lateral habitus of
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFE39E3F3FD9E3BCA" box="[429,602,1250,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFE39E3F3FDCA3BCA" box="[429,526,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">Megachile</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFD0AE3F3FCE43BCA" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[670,800,1250,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFD0AE3F3FCE43BCA" box="[670,800,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group: (a).
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFC1BE3F3FBD43BCA" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[911,1040,1250,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFC1BE3F3FBD43BCA" box="[911,1040,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female; (b)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFF34E3EEFEE23A25" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[160,294,1279,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFF34E3EEFEE23A25" box="[160,294,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male; (c).
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFE0EE3EEFDD73A25" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1912" box="[410,531,1279,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFE0EE3EEFDD73A25" box="[410,531,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female holotype; (d)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFD6CE3EEFCB53A25" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1912" box="[760,881,1279,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFD6CE3EEFCB53A25" box="[760,881,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male; (e)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFC75E3EEFBB93A25" box="[993,1149,1279,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rancaguensis">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFC75E3EEFBB93A25" box="[993,1149,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. rancaguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female holotype; (f)
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFEFDE20CFDC03A07" box="[361,516,1309,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rancaguensis">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFEFDE20CFDC03A07" box="[361,516,1309,1332]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. rancaguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="74720E6DFFCDFFBAFF54E26FFDC639B9" blockId="4.[160,1156,1406,1674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">
Females of the
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFEEFE26FFE2A3AA4" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[379,494,1406,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucografa">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFEEFE26FFE2A3AA4" box="[379,494,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">leucografa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are very homogeneous morphologically, and are distinguished mainly by their vestiture. Males are easier to tell apart by characteristics of the hypostomal area, the shape of the last antennal flagellomere, the length and density of the forecoxal ferruginous bristles, and their vestiture, as indicated in the diagnoses for each species below. Some male structures, like the anterior tarsus, the genital capsule, and the shape and vestiture of S5 and S6, are diagnostic for the group, and nearly identical in the three species. The male genital capsule and hidden sterna are only illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="B3CD75EEFFCDFFBAFEE2E160FE3F39B9" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1912" box="[374,507,1649,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="46B9D27FFFCDFFBAFEE2E160FE3F39B9" box="[374,507,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="461">M. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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