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<mods:title id="A2FC893059FC9D9C81F0EDAA3F25CEA1">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FFE7FFCCFF07FD716718C9B6" box="[151,603,726,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FD716718C9B6" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" box="[151,603,726,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FD7165F9C9B7" bold="true" box="[151,186,726,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF57FD716714C9B6" ID-CoL="6NBXF" authority="Neumann, 1904" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1904" box="[199,599,726,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF57FD7164D6C9B6" bold="true" box="[199,405,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes boliviensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFE0FFD706714C9B6" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[415,599,727,753]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="444 - 464" refId="ref233408" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1904) Notes sur les ixodides. II. Archives de Parasitologie, 8, 444 - 464." type="journal article" year="1904">Neumann, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFE7FFCCFDF2FD70605CC81A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFDF2FD70605CC81A" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
A Neotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages, including the undescribed larva, have been found on
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFD85FD5C67CAC852" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[533,649,763,789]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFD03FD5C6660C852" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[659,803,763,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Procyonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Procyonidae</taxonomicName>
; adults and nymphs have been collected from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFAB5FD5C60DAC852" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1317,1433,763,789]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF07FCB865B5C87E" box="[151,246,799,825]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Canidae</taxonomicName>
, and rarely from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFE2EFCB8670BC87E" box="[446,584,799,825]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFDC5FCB867FFC87E" box="[597,700,799,825]" class="Aves" family="Cracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Craciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cracidae</taxonomicName>
; adult ticks alone have been recovered from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFB51FCB86079C87E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1217,1338,799,825]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
(several orders) and occasionally from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFE7DFCE46734C81A" box="[493,631,835,861]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFD12FCE4664FC81A" box="[642,780,835,861]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phasianidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFC86FCE4669DC81A" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1904" box="[790,990,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFC86FCE4669DC81A" box="[790,990,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes boliviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare parasite of humans.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FCC064C3C8C6" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" box="[151,384,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FCC065F8C8C6" bold="true" box="[151,187,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF52FCC064C3C8C6" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[194,384,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF52FCC064C3C8C6" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[194,384,871,897]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="444 - 464" refId="ref233408" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1904) Notes sur les ixodides. II. Archives de Parasitologie, 8, 444 - 464." type="journal article" year="1904">Neumann (1904)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FC2C6434C8E2" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" box="[151,375,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FC2C65F1C8E2" bold="true" box="[151,178,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF29FC2C6434C8E2" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[185,375,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF29FC2C6434C8E2" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[185,375,907,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="444 - 464" refId="ref233408" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1904) Notes sur les ixodides. II. Archives de Parasitologie, 8, 444 - 464." type="journal article" year="1904">Neumann (1904)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FC086439C88E" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" box="[151,378,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FC0865F6C88E" bold="true" box="[151,181,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF2CFC086439C88E" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[188,378,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF2CFC086439C88E" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[188,378,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="444 - 464" refId="ref233408" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1904) Notes sur les ixodides. II. Archives de Parasitologie, 8, 444 - 464." type="journal article" year="1904">Neumann (1904)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FC746402C8AA" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" box="[151,321,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FC7465F0C8AA" bold="true" box="[151,179,979,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L:</emphasis>
undescribed
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FC51640BCF57" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" box="[151,328,1014,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FC51640BCF57" bold="true" box="[151,328,1014,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Redescriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FBBC61D6CF1E" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FBBC65F8CF72" bold="true" box="[151,187,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF53FBBC6751CF72" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[195,530,1051,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFD8EFBBC6676CF72" author="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[542,821,1050,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref193302" refString="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1945">Cooley and Kohls (1945</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFC67FBBC61E0CF72" authorityName=", Nuttall and Warburton" authorityYear="1911" box="[1015,1187,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFC67FBBC61E0CF72" box="[1015,1187,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes bicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFAC3FBBC644CCF1E" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1904" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFAC3FBBC644CCF1E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes boliviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFEB6FB986792CF1E" author="Guzman-Cornejo, C. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[294,721,1087,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="289 - 298" refId="ref206046" refString="Guzman-Cornejo, C. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2010) The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: adult identification keys, diagnoses, hosts and distribution. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 289 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2010.002.254" type="journal article" year="2010">Guzmán-Cornejo and Robbins (2010)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFD4CFB9866A0CF1E" author="Bermudez, S. &amp; Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Dominguez, L." box="[732,995,1087,1113]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref187622" refString="Bermudez, S., Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Dominguez, L. (2018) Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panama. Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion, Panama, 129 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Bermúdez
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFCC6FB9866CDCF1E" box="[854,910,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FBC4611ECFE6" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FBC465F1CF3A" bold="true" box="[151,178,1123,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF2CFBC4643DCF39" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[188,382,1123,1150]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF2CFBC4643DCF39" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[188,382,1123,1150]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref233460" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann (1906)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFE2CFBC467A6CF3A" author="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[444,741,1122,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref193302" refString="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1945">Cooley and Kohls (1945)</bibRefCitation>
, all under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFC49FBC465A0CFE6" authority=", Nuttall and Warburton (1911)" authorityName=", Nuttall and Warburton" authorityYear="1911" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFC49FBC461CACF3A" box="[985,1161,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes bicornis</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFB0AFBC465A0CFE6" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF7FFB2067DACFE6" author="Guzman-Cornejo, C. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[239,665,1159,1185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="289 - 298" refId="ref206046" refString="Guzman-Cornejo, C. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2010) The genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: adult identification keys, diagnoses, hosts and distribution. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81, 289 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2010.002.254" type="journal article" year="2010">Guzmán-Cornejo and Robbins (2010)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFD35FB2066E8CFE6" author="Bermudez, S. &amp; Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Dominguez, L." box="[677,939,1159,1185]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref187622" refString="Bermudez, S., Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Dominguez, L. (2018) Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panama. Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion, Panama, 129 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Bermúdez
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFC8FFB206614CFE6" box="[799,855,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FB0C6010CF82" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" box="[151,1363,1194,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FB0C65F6CF82" bold="true" box="[151,181,1195,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF2CFB0C674ACF82" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[188,521,1195,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFD85FB0C6669CF82" author="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M." box="[533,810,1194,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref193302" refString="Cooley, R. A. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1945">Cooley and Kohls (1945</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFC79FB0C61D6CF82" authorityName=", Nuttall and Warburton" authorityYear="1911" box="[1001,1173,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFC79FB0C61D6CF82" box="[1001,1173,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes bicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFE7FFCCFF07FB686424CD4E" blockId="14.[151,1437,726,1545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FB68659BCFAE" bold="true" box="[151,216,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Note:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF72FB6864EECFAE" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1904" box="[226,429,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF72FB6864EECFAE" box="[226,429,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes boliviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFE79FB6867DBCFAE" authorityName=", Nuttall and Warburton" authorityYear="1911" box="[489,664,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFE79FB6867DBCFAE" box="[489,664,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes bicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described by
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFCECFB68617ECFAE" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[892,1085,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFCECFB68617ECFAE" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[892,1085,1231,1257]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="444 - 464" refId="ref233408" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1904) Notes sur les ixodides. II. Archives de Parasitologie, 8, 444 - 464." type="journal article" year="1904">Neumann (1904)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFBE9FB68607ECFAD" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[1145,1341,1231,1258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFBE9FB68607ECFAD" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[1145,1341,1231,1258]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref233460" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann (1906)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. These species were supported and figured by
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFD74FB546177CE4A" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[740,1076,1267,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFB22FB546017CE4A" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[1202,1364,1266,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="232 - 233" refId="ref221573" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1956 c) The identity of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann 1904 and Ixodes bicornis Neumann 1906. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 232 - 233." type="journal article" year="1956">Kohls (1956c)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF5AFAB06434CE76" authorityName=", Nuttall and Warburton" authorityYear="1911" box="[202,375,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF5AFAB06434CE76" box="[202,375,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes bicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFDAEFAB06644CE76" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1904" box="[574,775,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFDAEFAB06644CE76" box="[574,775,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes boliviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a statement that has not been disputed since its proposal.
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFF07FA9C6478CE12" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[151,315,1338,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="232 - 233" refId="ref221573" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1956 c) The identity of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann 1904 and Ixodes bicornis Neumann 1906. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 232 - 233." type="journal article" year="1956">Kohls (1956c)</bibRefCitation>
sustained the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFD11FA9C6673CE12" authorityName=", Nuttall and Warburton" authorityYear="1911" box="[641,816,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFD11FA9C6673CE12" box="[641,816,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes bicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFCE4FA9C617CCE12" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1904" box="[884,1087,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFCE4FA9C617CCE12" box="[884,1087,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes boliviensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on examination of
<typeStatus id="97558860FFE7FFCCFAFCFA9C60DFCE12" box="[1388,1436,1339,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
material and his criticism of the figures of this species in
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFCA6FAF861C8CE3E" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[822,1163,1375,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
, but he did not provide contrasting figures. Therefore, the synonymy supported in
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFCA6FA24669ACEDA" author="Kohls, G. M." box="[822,985,1410,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="232 - 233" refId="ref221573" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1956 c) The identity of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann 1904 and Ixodes bicornis Neumann 1906. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 232 - 233." type="journal article" year="1956">Kohls (1956c)</bibRefCitation>
needs confirmation, and reexamination of the
<typeStatus id="97558860FFE7FFCCFF71FA00645FCE86" box="[225,284,1447,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
of these ticks may aid in definitively resolving this issue. Even so, the synonymy proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFE7FFCCFAC9FA0065ADCEA2" author="Kohls, G. M." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="232 - 233" refId="ref221573" refString="Kohls, G. M. (1956 c) The identity of Ixodes boliviensis Neumann 1904 and Ixodes bicornis Neumann 1906. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 232 - 233." type="journal article" year="1956">Kohls (1956c)</bibRefCitation>
is provisionally maintained here.
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFE7FFCCFDE7FA6C67DCCEA2" box="[631,671,1483,1509]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">See</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFD39FA6C66CFCEA2" authorityName="in Banks" authorityYear="1908" box="[681,908,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversifossus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFD39FA6C66CFCEA2" box="[681,908,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixodes diversifossus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for that species morphological similarities to
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFE7FFCCFF07FA486424CD4E" box="[151,359,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFE7FFCCFF07FA486421CD4E" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,354,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis">Ixodes boliviensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>