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<mods:title id="772512869C4E86752F00023FF80FEA1C">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FFD3FFF8FF07FB69670DCFAE" box="[151,590,1230,1257]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07FB69670DCFAE" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" box="[151,590,1230,1257]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07FB69658BCFAF" bold="true" box="[151,200,1230,1256]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">191.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FF67FB696709CFAE" ID-CoL="3QGL7" authority="Neumann, 1899" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" box="[247,586,1230,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF67FB6964C9CFAE" bold="true" box="[247,394,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ixodes rasus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FE02FB686709CFAE" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[402,586,1231,1257]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFD3FFF8FDC5FB68613CCE3E" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FDC5FB68613CCE3E" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
An Afrotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages, including the undescribed larva and nymph, have been found on
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FD25FB546606CE4A" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[693,837,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FCC3FB5466F0CE4A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[851,947,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FC64FB54612BCE4A" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1012,1128,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FBE6FB546191CE4A" box="[1142,1234,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Canidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FA9FFB5460DBCE4A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[1295,1432,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Herpestidae</taxonomicName>
; adults and nymphs have been collected from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FD18FAB06642CE76" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[648,769,1303,1329]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
(several orders); immature stages have been recovered from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FF07FA9C645ECE12" box="[151,285,1339,1365]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Hyracoidea</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FEB7FA9C64EDCE12" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[295,430,1339,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Procaviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyracoidea" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Procaviidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FE28FA9C6761CE12" box="[440,546,1339,1365]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FDBCFA9C67C8CE12" box="[556,651,1339,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FD50FA9C666ECE12" box="[704,813,1339,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sciuridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FCA7FA9C6697CE12" box="[823,980,1339,1365]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Cuculiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FC4EFA9C6111CE12" box="[990,1106,1339,1365]" class="Aves" family="Cuculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cuculiformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cuculidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FBCDFA9C61A4CE12" box="[1117,1255,1339,1365]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FB61FA9C602ECE12" box="[1265,1389,1339,1365]" class="Aves" family="Numididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Numididae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FF07FAF86463CE3E" box="[151,288,1375,1401]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phasianidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FECAFAF864BFCE3E" box="[346,508,1375,1401]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FD96FAF8672DCE3E" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[518,622,1375,1401]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FDE8FAF86646CE3F" box="[632,773,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FDE8FAF86646CE3F" box="[632,773,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ixodes rasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very rare parasite of humans.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07FA2465F8CEDA" bold="true" box="[151,187,1411,1437]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">M:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FF52FA2464C3CEDA" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[194,384,1411,1437]" pageId="58" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FF52FA2464C3CEDA" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[194,384,1411,1437]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07FA006434CE86" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" box="[151,375,1447,1473]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07FA0065F1CE86" bold="true" box="[151,178,1447,1473]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">F:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FF29FA006434CE86" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[185,375,1447,1473]" pageId="58" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FF29FA006434CE86" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[185,375,1447,1473]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07FA6C6400CEA2" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" box="[151,323,1483,1509]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07FA6C65F6CEA2" bold="true" box="[151,181,1483,1509]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">N:</emphasis>
undescribed
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07FA486402CD4E" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" box="[151,321,1519,1545]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07FA4865F0CD4E" bold="true" box="[151,179,1519,1545]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">L:</emphasis>
undescribed
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07F9B5640BCD6B" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" box="[151,328,1554,1580]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07F9B5640BCD6B" bold="true" box="[151,328,1554,1580]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Redescriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07F99066B8CD32" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07F99065F8CD16" bold="true" box="[151,187,1591,1617]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FF54F990675BCD16" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[196,536,1591,1617]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FDB6F99067A1CD15" author="Schulze, P." box="[550,738,1591,1618]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="121 - 141" refId="ref245202" refString="Schulze, P. (1943 b) Uber zwei bemerkenswerte afrikanische Schwesterarten von Ixodes: I. rasus Neum. und vanidicus n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 142, 121 - 141." type="journal article" year="1943">Schulze (1943b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FD7FF990615CCD16" author="Arthur, D. R. &amp; Burrow, C." box="[751,1055,1590,1617]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="493 - 537" refId="ref184259" refString="Arthur, D. R. &amp; Burrow, C. (1957) The Ixodes rasus group of African ticks with descriptions of four new species (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 493 - 537." type="journal article" year="1957">Arthur and Burrow (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, Arthur (1965),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FB4AF99065B1CD31" author="Elbl A &amp; Anastos, G." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref197549" refString="Elbl A. &amp; Anastos, G. (1966 b) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume II. Genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Annales du Musee Royal de l' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique, 146, 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1966">Elbl and Anastos (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FF6EF9FC6703CD32" author="Matthysse, J. G. &amp; Colbo, M. H." box="[254,576,1627,1653]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref229829" refString="Matthysse, J. G. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse and Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FDDBF9FC660ACD32" author="D'Amico, G. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Kalmar, Z. &amp; Fuh, T. &amp; Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D." box="[587,841,1627,1653]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="654 - 659" refId="ref193890" refString="D'Amico, G., Estrada-Pena, A., Kalmar, Z., Fuh, T., Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. (2018) Redescription of the adult stages of Ixodes (Afrixodes) rasus Neumann, 1899, with notes on its phylogenetic position within the genus Ixodes. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 654 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.02.006" type="journal article" year="2018">
DAmico
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FD2CF9FC67B6CD32" box="[700,757,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07F9D866B8CDFA" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07F9D865F1CDDE" bold="true" box="[151,178,1663,1689]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FF2BF9D86752CDDE" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[187,529,1663,1689]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FDB0F9D8679ECDDD" author="Schulze, P." box="[544,733,1663,1690]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="121 - 141" refId="ref245202" refString="Schulze, P. (1943 b) Uber zwei bemerkenswerte afrikanische Schwesterarten von Ixodes: I. rasus Neum. und vanidicus n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 142, 121 - 141." type="journal article" year="1943">Schulze (1943b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FD7AF9D8615FCDDE" author="Arthur, D. R. &amp; Burrow, C." box="[746,1052,1662,1689]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="493 - 537" refId="ref184259" refString="Arthur, D. R. &amp; Burrow, C. (1957) The Ixodes rasus group of African ticks with descriptions of four new species (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 116, 493 - 537." type="journal article" year="1957">Arthur and Burrow (1957)</bibRefCitation>
, Arthur (1965),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FB49F9D865B1CDF9" author="Elbl A &amp; Anastos, G." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref197549" refString="Elbl A. &amp; Anastos, G. (1966 b) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume II. Genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Annales du Musee Royal de l' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique, 146, 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1966">Elbl and Anastos (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FF6EF9046703CDFA" author="Matthysse, J. G. &amp; Colbo, M. H." box="[254,576,1699,1725]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref229829" refString="Matthysse, J. G. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse and Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FDDBF904660ACDFA" author="D'Amico, G. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Kalmar, Z. &amp; Fuh, T. &amp; Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D." box="[587,841,1699,1725]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="654 - 659" refId="ref193890" refString="D'Amico, G., Estrada-Pena, A., Kalmar, Z., Fuh, T., Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. (2018) Redescription of the adult stages of Ixodes (Afrixodes) rasus Neumann, 1899, with notes on its phylogenetic position within the genus Ixodes. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 654 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.02.006" type="journal article" year="2018">
DAmico
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FD2CF90467B6CDFA" box="[700,757,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFD3FFF8FF07F9606402CC9A" blockId="58.[151,1437,1230,2013]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07F960659BCDA6" bold="true" box="[151,216,1735,1761]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Note:</emphasis>
the larva and nymph of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FE62F96067C3CDA7" box="[498,640,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FE62F96067C3CDA7" box="[498,640,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ixodes rasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are listed as described in
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FC38F96061DCCDA6" author="Camicas, J. L. &amp; Hervy, J. P. &amp; Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[936,1183,1735,1761]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref189468" refString="Camicas, J. L., Hervy, J. P., Adam, F. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1998) Les tiques du monde. Nomenclature, stades decrits, hotes, repartition (Acarida, Ixodida). Orstom, Paris, 233 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Camicas
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FB81F9606109CDA6" box="[1041,1098,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
, but although
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FAD3F9606461CC42" author="Clifford, C. M. &amp; Sonenshine, D. E. &amp; Keirans, J. E. &amp; Kohls, G. M." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="489 - 500" refId="ref191954" refString="Clifford, C. M., Sonenshine, D. E., Keirans, J. E. &amp; Kohls, G. M. (1973) Systematics of the subfamily Ixodinae (Acarina: Ixodidae). 1. The subgenera of Ixodes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66, 489 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 66.3.489" type="journal article" year="1973">
Clifford
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FF07F94C6593CC42" box="[151,208,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(1973)
</bibRefCitation>
identified these stages from collection material, no formal descriptions of them have been found. Authors differ in describing the pattern of punctations in females of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FCE3F8A86143CC6F" box="[883,1024,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FCE3F8A86143CC6F" box="[883,1024,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ixodes rasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FB31F8A860DFCC6E" author="D'Amico, G. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Kalmar, Z. &amp; Fuh, T. &amp; Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D." box="[1185,1436,1807,1833]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="654 - 659" refId="ref193890" refString="D'Amico, G., Estrada-Pena, A., Kalmar, Z., Fuh, T., Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. (2018) Redescription of the adult stages of Ixodes (Afrixodes) rasus Neumann, 1899, with notes on its phylogenetic position within the genus Ixodes. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 654 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.02.006" type="journal article" year="2018">
DAmico
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FA82F8A86008CC6E" box="[1298,1355,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
obtained DNA sequences and redescribed and illustrated a scutal punctation pattern for the male of this species that differs from the pattern figured by other authors. There are also substantial differences in the female hypostomal dentition of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FEB1F8DC64ECCCD3" box="[289,431,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FEB1F8DC64ECCCD3" box="[289,431,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ixodes rasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as described by
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FDE2F8DC662CCCD2" author="D'Amico, G. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Kalmar, Z. &amp; Fuh, T. &amp; Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D." box="[626,879,1915,1941]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="654 - 659" refId="ref193890" refString="D'Amico, G., Estrada-Pena, A., Kalmar, Z., Fuh, T., Petrzelkova, K. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. (2018) Redescription of the adult stages of Ixodes (Afrixodes) rasus Neumann, 1899, with notes on its phylogenetic position within the genus Ixodes. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 654 - 659. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.02.006" type="journal article" year="2018">
DAmico
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FD74F8DC665ECCD2" box="[740,797,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and other authors, including the original description in
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FF7DF83864F1CCFE" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[237,434,1951,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFD3FFF8FF7DF83864F1CCFE" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[237,434,1951,1977]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. It seems that the morphological and molecular definition of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFD3FFF8FBEEF838604DCCFF" box="[1150,1294,1951,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFD3FFF8FBEEF838604DCCFF" box="[1150,1294,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ixodes rasus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
needs to be further refined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>