treatments-xml/data/C0/47/87/C04787D4FFC8FFE3FF07FEA56496CE77.xml
2024-06-21 12:50:15 +02:00

390 lines
52 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="C28352211EFF8B3FD4887192AEC59F6D" ID-CLB-Dataset="7890" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="344f8a86-21a1-428e-ae4f-01ea6082254a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4423340" ID-ZooBank="C21A719F-9A6B-4227-8386-1AFA22620614" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610022441531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. &amp; Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2020" docId="C04787D4FFC8FFE3FF07FEA56496CE77" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4871.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4871 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ixodes hexagonus Leach 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="3C7EFFACFFE9FFC2FF90FFA76543CB47" masterDocTitle="Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698923194747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D89A679FEA3DA8CD0FB9BE08EC5768F7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1FC0B56D5C939CEA3438DBE08C8A7115">
<mods:title id="52097DE8D5022D192B1A52A454277ACE">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="023482315CE9923EA1444CE46CB252B7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="44C1512DD6A78EA56253A3F7F11A66C9">
<mods:roleTerm id="4E0B6A2D5CC351C0241E4C04322EEAEC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A3D541FF52A07809272FD2BE6AF41B09">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E030B57022B33EE07CB0E9DF84571D8F" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="32B6127C873A6C6BA56838CE3CE7B5B1" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A46B07B703E29BE248C2FB1226A9E8B8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A1C477A1E7EC96BDF5ED43747224F628">
<mods:roleTerm id="75AE63F7C9AC23A93CA315EC6B3C86A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2F90E33EED7E3C51EE1BECC1E17AC1DE">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5975901738CEB450235A78472D10FAE" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9135-4546</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="63D9F79378FC2BA56FE954B3D50EA595" type="email">trevor.petney@smnk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="201BE84E92620445437AC13EC770A50E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B933558E268BC07A600B3B424B257C2F">
<mods:roleTerm id="6070F7F43A0898CEA58A7FA21E9D6DF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4A6AB6AA2D03562EA7085C573CFFA401">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC2960B2C6407A76B9062BAA501FEF77" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D8968378A7674153E241EEA198CC6BA5" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C983E931EFEC5CE224FC7764CE5A8869">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BEE357C7652DA995A9EFC64FDBAF9F58" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A5E4BF57EFA9352B913A77042D441A7B">
<mods:title id="A90E25759E5CDCDD9115DCB178DC5FD5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A19740CFAAAF76FF151D375384E5292A">
<mods:date id="2194E6DD287BF4B844673DBB7AC1ABB6">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="75B223A8271128922FCF1285BC6EF7C4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4C9911F00955E7056D1E9C690B4A445B">2020-11-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A9375021C44706468EFA24700AE86F70" type="volume">
<mods:number id="647D3CEF84965AE73CCB0F0ED037D753">4871</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CA62FC8FF5162F2628F27F2A3A71D63E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CD29A5C80135DAF5C715B4824887954A">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E138DC7377C313126F4C010D7B11A02E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D3128D1763B23DB88E70433597F19F7A">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D03673AD499D9BC49EEFED17D223E34C">322</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="6AEA95D0BA325D63E8C6C3236D7DF4A1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9848DED2D2E2C988729AA6B8734F37C3" type="CLB-Dataset">7890</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="870B9A85576277D72112F3B3F224C67A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B4E9A1A807E93CBFBCD831FA90190CF9" type="GBIF-Dataset">344f8a86-21a1-428e-ae4f-01ea6082254a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D790A954B933CFE57AF51E76EC8B60BA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="05774CC97CB06529AE6B59186B08BCB0" type="Zenodo-Dep">4423340</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A29177FD87168DA7D3857C886D30A94" type="ZooBank">C21A719F-9A6B-4227-8386-1AFA22620614</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C04787D4FFC8FFE3FF07FEA56496CE77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4582782" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179989827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4582782" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FFC8FFE3FF07FEA56496CE77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FFC8FFE3FF07FEA56496CE77" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC8FFE3FF07FEA56774CA5A" box="[151,567,258,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FEA56774CA5A" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" box="[151,567,258,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FEA565F9CA5B" bold="true" box="[151,186,258,284]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">99.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FF57FEA56770CA5A" ID-CoL="6NC95" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[199,563,258,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF57FEA564D9CA5A" bold="true" box="[199,410,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FE33FEA56770CA5A" author="Leach, W. E." box="[419,563,258,285]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="306 - 400" refId="ref225573" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linne arranged under Insecta: with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, and descriptions of several new genera and species. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, 11, 306 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1813. tb 00065. x" type="journal article" year="1815">Leach, 1815</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC8FFE3FDAEFEA56661CA97" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FDAEFEA56661CA97" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
A Palearctic species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FAE1FEA56471CA07" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Erinaceomorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Erinaceomorpha</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FEAFFE816485CA07" box="[319,454,294,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Erinaceidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Erinaceomorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erinaceidae</taxonomicName>
, but they have also been collected from other
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FC4DFE816115CA07" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[989,1110,294,320]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
(several orders). Adults and nymphs have been recovered from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FDBFFEED6792CA23" box="[559,721,330,356]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FD4EFEED6605CA23" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[734,838,330,356]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
; adult ticks alone have been collected from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FAD7FEED65BCCACF" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Columbiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FE9CFEC964DBCACF" box="[268,408,366,392]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Columbidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FE47FEC96722CACF" box="[471,609,366,392]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FDFEFEC967B4CACF" box="[622,759,366,392]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phasianidae</taxonomicName>
; while immature stages have been recovered from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FAD4FEC965AACAEB" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FF66FE356423CAEB" box="[246,352,402,428]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FEFDFE356482CAEB" box="[365,449,402,428]" class="Aves" family="Paridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FE6CFE356729CAEB" box="[508,618,402,428]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sturnidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FD3AFE356678CAEB" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[682,827,402,428]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Strigiformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FCD7FE3566EFCAEB" box="[839,940,402,428]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Strigidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FC2DFE356134CAEB" author="Cull, B. &amp; Pietzsch, M. E. &amp; Hansford, K. M. &amp; Gillingham, E. L. &amp; Medlock, J. M." box="[957,1143,402,428]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="605 - 614" refId="ref193492" refString="Cull, B., Pietzsch, M. E., Hansford, K. M., Gillingham, E. L. &amp; Medlock, J. M. (2018) Surveillance of British ticks: an overview of species records, host associations, and new records of Ixodes ricinus distribution. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9, 605 - 614. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2018.01.011" type="journal article" year="2018">
Cull
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FC68FE346170CAEB" box="[1016,1075,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB14FE356597CA97" author="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref204760" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone &amp; Robbins 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FF77FE1164ECCA97" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[231,431,438,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF77FE1164ECCA97" box="[231,431,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a frequent parasite of humans.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFC8FFE3FF07FE7D6496CE77" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FE7D65A1C95F" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FE7D65F8CAB3" bold="true" box="[151,187,474,500]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF52FE7D6434CAB3" author="Audouin, J. V." box="[194,375,474,500]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="401 - 425" refId="ref184965" refString="Audouin, J. V. (1832) Lettres pour servir de materiaux a l'histoire des insectes. Premiere lettre, contenant des recherches sur quelques araignees parasites des genres Pteropte, Caris, Argas, et Ixode, adressee a M. Leon Dufour. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 25, 401 - 425." type="journal article" year="1832">Audouin (1832)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FDA5FE7D67A7CAB3" box="[565,740,474,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reduvius">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FDA5FE7D67A7CAB3" box="[565,740,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes reduvius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(usually a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FC7AFE7D61C4CAB3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1002,1159,474,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricinus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FC7AFE7D61C4CAB3" box="[1002,1159,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), according to
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FABFFE7C65A1C95F" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" pageId="33" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FABFFE7C65A1C95F" author="Neumann, L. G." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FD85640DC97A" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" box="[151,334,546,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FD8565F1C97B" bold="true" box="[151,178,546,572]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF29FD85640DC97A" author="Leach, W. E." box="[185,334,546,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="306 - 400" refId="ref225573" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linne arranged under Insecta: with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, and descriptions of several new genera and species. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, 11, 306 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1813. tb 00065. x" type="journal article" year="1815">Leach (1815)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FDE165A1C9C3" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FDE165F6C927" bold="true" box="[151,181,582,608]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF2FFDE16423C926" author="Koch, C. L." box="[191,352,582,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1835 - 1844" refId="ref220877" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 b) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Arachniden und Myriapoden. Part 39. Herausgegeben von Herrich-Schaaffer, Regensburg, no pagination. [sometimes referred to as Koch 1835 - 1844]" type="book chapter" year="1844">Koch (1844b)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FDBBFDE1664CC927" authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[555,783,582,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexpunctatus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FDBBFDE1664CC927" box="[555,783,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes sexpunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FC58FDE161D0C927" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[968,1171,582,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FC58FDE161D0C927" box="[968,1171,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as stated in
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FABFFDE065A1C9C3" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" pageId="33" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FABFFDE065A1C9C3" author="Neumann, L. G." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="249 - 372" refId="ref233349" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372." type="journal article" year="1901">Neumann (1901)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FD29617DC9EF" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" box="[151,1086,654,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FD2965F0C9EF" bold="true" box="[151,179,654,680]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">L:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF2AFD296426C9EF" author="Megnin, P." box="[186,357,654,680]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref230027" refString="Megnin, P. (1880) Les par asites et les malad ies parasitaires chez l'homme, les animaux domestiques et les animaux sauvages. G. Masson, Editeur, Libraire de l'Academie de Medecine, Paris, 478 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 95258" type="book" year="1880">Mégnin (1880)</bibRefCitation>
, under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FDB5FD296780C9EF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[549,707,654,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricinus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FDB5FD296780C9EF" box="[549,707,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes ricinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as explained in
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FCEFFD28617DC9EF" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[895,1086,654,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FCEFFD28617DC9EF" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[895,1086,654,681]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FD15640BC98B" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" box="[151,328,690,716]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FD15640BC98B" bold="true" box="[151,328,690,716]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Redescriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FD71678EC87F" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FD7165F8C9B7" bold="true" box="[151,187,726,752]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FF54FD7064CBC9B7" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[196,392,726,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF54FD7064CBC9B7" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[196,392,726,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FE05FD71677DC9B6" author="Wheler, E. G." box="[405,574,726,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="400 - 429" refId="ref255433" refString="Wheler, E. G. (1906) British ticks. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1, 400 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0021859600000447" type="journal article" year="1906">Wheler (1906)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FDDCFD7166E2C9B7" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[588,929,726,752]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FC3EFD716110C9B6" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[942,1107,726,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref182923" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 a) The morphology of the British Prostriata with particular reference to Ixodes hexagonus Leach. II. Parasitology, 43, 161 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084432" type="journal article" year="1953">
Arthur (1953
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FBD6FD716110C9B6" author="Aeschlimann, A." box="[1094,1107,726,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="154 - 177" refId="ref178065" refString="Aeschlimann, A. (1963) Observations sur la morphologie, la biologie et le developpement d' Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872), la tique des pangolins d'Afrique occidentale. Acta Tropica, 20, 154 - 177." type="journal article" year="1963">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1963, 1965),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB6BFD7160D4C9B6" author="Babos, S." box="[1275,1431,726,753]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref185196" refString="Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp." type="book" year="1964">Babos (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF07FD5D64D9C853" author="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W" box="[151,410,762,788]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref234235" refString="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Nosek and Sixl (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FE37FD5D6724C853" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[423,615,762,788]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FDE4FD5D661AC853" author="Cordas, T. &amp; Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[628,857,762,788]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="21 - 46" refId="ref193386" refString="Cordas, T., Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1993) Etude morphologique des Ixodidae s. str. (Schulze, 1937) de Suisse au microscope electronique a balayage. Acarologia, 34, 21 - 46." type="journal article" year="1993">
Cordas
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FD5BFD5C6646C853" box="[715,773,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FCF6FD5D66B8C853" author="Siuda, K." box="[870,1019,762,788]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB98FD5D61F9C852" author="Hillyard, P. D." box="[1032,1210,762,789]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref207142" refString="Hillyard, P. D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Keys and notes for identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (52) Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 178 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hillyard (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB57FD5D6598C87F" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Bouaottour, A. &amp; Camicas, J. &amp; Walker, A." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref198878" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Bouaottour, A., Camicas, J. &amp; Walker, A. (2004) Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region: a guide to identification of species. University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 137 pp." type="book" year="2004">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FAF3FD5C60DEC853" box="[1379,1437,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2004
</bibRefCitation>
, 2017),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FEA6FCB9649BC87F" author="Slovak, M." box="[310,472,798,824]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="8 - 13" refId="ref246828" refString="Slovak, M. (2010) Pictorial key to the adult ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 22, 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="2010">Slovák (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, Walker, M.D. (2018)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FCE566B2C8E3" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FCE565F1C81B" bold="true" box="[151,178,834,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">F:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FF2AFCE4643FC81B" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Petney &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[186,380,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF2AFCE4643FC81B" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[186,380,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FE18FCE5676CC81A" author="Wheler, E. G." box="[392,559,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="400 - 429" refId="ref255433" refString="Wheler, E. G. (1906) British ticks. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1, 400 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0021859600000447" type="journal article" year="1906">Wheler (1906)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FDADFCE566CEC81B" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[573,909,834,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FC0BFCE56111C81B" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[923,1106,834,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="226 - 247" refId="ref200306" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1961) Contribution to the taxonomy of ticks of the crenulatus group (Ixodidae, Ixodes, Pholeoixodes). Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 20, 226 - 247. [in Russian, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, translation 11 - 13 - 64]" type="journal article" year="1961">Filippova (1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FBCFFCE561D8C81B" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[1119,1179,834,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB3EFCE56013C81A" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[1198,1360,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref182923" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 a) The morphology of the British Prostriata with particular reference to Ixodes hexagonus Leach. II. Parasitology, 43, 161 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084432" type="journal article" year="1953">
Arthur (1953
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FAD3FCE56013C81A" author="Aeschlimann, A." box="[1347,1360,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="154 - 177" refId="ref178065" refString="Aeschlimann, A. (1963) Observations sur la morphologie, la biologie et le developpement d' Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872), la tique des pangolins d'Afrique occidentale. Acta Tropica, 20, 154 - 177." type="journal article" year="1963">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1963, 1965),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF77FCC164C1C8C6" author="Babos, S." box="[231,386,870,897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref185196" refString="Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp." type="book" year="1964">Babos (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FE1EFCC167D3C8C7" author="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W" box="[398,656,870,896]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref234235" refString="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Nosek and Sixl (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FD0CFCC166C3C8C7" author="Cordas, T. &amp; Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[668,896,870,896]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="21 - 46" refId="ref193386" refString="Cordas, T., Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1993) Etude morphologique des Ixodidae s. str. (Schulze, 1937) de Suisse au microscope electronique a balayage. Acarologia, 34, 21 - 46." type="journal article" year="1993">
Cordas
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FD63FCC0666FC8C7" box="[755,812,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FC1DFCC16162C8C7" author="Siuda, K." box="[909,1057,870,896]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FBBEFCC161A3C8C6" author="Hillyard, P. D." box="[1070,1248,870,897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref207142" refString="Hillyard, P. D. (1996) Ticks of North-West Europe. Keys and notes for identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (52) Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 178 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hillyard (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB7DFCC165BCC8E3" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Bouaottour, A. &amp; Camicas, J. &amp; Walker, A." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref198878" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Bouaottour, A., Camicas, J. &amp; Walker, A. (2004) Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region: a guide to identification of species. University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 137 pp." type="book" year="2004">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FA18FCC065F7C8E3" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2004
</bibRefCitation>
, 2017),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FECAFC2D64BFC8E3" author="Slovak, M." box="[346,508,906,932]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="8 - 13" refId="ref246828" refString="Slovak, M. (2010) Pictorial key to the adult ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 22, 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="2010">Slovák (2010)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FD97FC2D67BFC8E3" author="Hornok, S. &amp; Sandor, A. D. &amp; Beck, R. &amp; Farkas, R. &amp; Beati, L. &amp; Kontschan, J. &amp; Takacs, N. &amp; Foldvari, G. &amp; Silaghi, C. &amp; Meyer-Kaiser, C. &amp; Hodzic, A. &amp; Tomanovic, S. &amp; Abdullah, S. &amp; Wall, R. &amp; Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Duscher, G. G. &amp; Plantard, O." box="[519,764,906,932]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref214755" refString="Hornok, S., Sandor, A. D., Beck, R., Farkas, R., Beati, L., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., Foldvari, G., Silaghi, C., Meyer-Kaiser, C., Hodzic, A., Tomanovic, S., Abdullah, S., Wall, R., Estrada-Pena, A., Duscher, G. G. &amp; Plantard, O. (2017 a) Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females. Parasites &amp; Vectors, 10 (article 545), 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 017 - 2424 - x" type="journal article" year="2017">
Hornok
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FDF4FC2C67DFC8E3" box="[612,668,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2017a)
</bibRefCitation>
, Walker, M.D. (2018)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FC09672ACF1F" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FC0965F6C88F" bold="true" box="[151,181,942,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF2DFC09674CC88F" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[189,527,942,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FD8DFC096796C88F" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[541,725,942,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="226 - 247" refId="ref200306" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1961) Contribution to the taxonomy of ticks of the crenulatus group (Ixodidae, Ixodes, Pholeoixodes). Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 20, 226 - 247. [in Russian, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, translation 11 - 13 - 64]" type="journal article" year="1961">Filippova (1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FD72FC09665DC88F" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[738,798,942,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref200597" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FCA2FC096696C88E" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[818,981,942,969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref182923" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 a) The morphology of the British Prostriata with particular reference to Ixodes hexagonus Leach. II. Parasitology, 43, 161 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084432" type="journal article" year="1953">
Arthur (1953
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FC58FC096696C88E" author="Aeschlimann, A." box="[968,981,942,969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="154 - 177" refId="ref178065" refString="Aeschlimann, A. (1963) Observations sur la morphologie, la biologie et le developpement d' Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872), la tique des pangolins d'Afrique occidentale. Acta Tropica, 20, 154 - 177." type="journal article" year="1963">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1963, 1965),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FBEBFC096055C88E" author="Babos, S." box="[1147,1302,942,969]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref185196" refString="Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp." type="book" year="1964">Babos (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FAB4FC09645BC8AB" author="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref234235" refString="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Nosek and Sixl (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FEB4FC756745C8AB" author="Cordas, T. &amp; Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[292,518,978,1004]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="21 - 46" refId="ref193386" refString="Cordas, T., Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1993) Etude morphologique des Ixodidae s. str. (Schulze, 1937) de Suisse au microscope electronique a balayage. Acarologia, 34, 21 - 46." type="journal article" year="1993">
Cordas
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FEEAFC7464F0C8AB" box="[378,435,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FD82FC756658C8AB" author="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A." box="[530,795,978,1004]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="37 - 45" refId="ref228574" refString="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A. (1993) Chiave illustrata delle zecche d'Italia. II: Stadi ninfali delle specie della sottofamiglia Ixodinae (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parassitologia, 35 (1 - 3), 37 - 45." type="journal article" year="1993">
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFC8FFE3FD82FC75672AC8AB" box="[530,617,978,1004]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Manilla</collectingRegion>
and Iori (1993)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FCB8FC7566F8C8AB" author="Siuda, K." box="[808,955,978,1004]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FC57FC75612AC8AB" author="Slovak, M." box="[967,1129,978,1004]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="12 - 18" refId="ref246860" refString="Slovak, M. (2014) Pictorial key to the larvae and nymphs of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 26, 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Slovák (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FBE4FC7560DAC8AB" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N." box="[1140,1433,978,1004]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref199181" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FA9FFC746004C8AB" box="[1295,1351,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FC5165F0CF57" bold="true" box="[151,179,1014,1040]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">L:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF2BFC516420CF56" author="Wheler, E. G." box="[187,355,1014,1041]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="400 - 429" refId="ref255433" refString="Wheler, E. G. (1906) British ticks. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1, 400 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0021859600000447" type="journal article" year="1906">Wheler (1906)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FEE1FC516787CF57" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[369,708,1014,1040]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref234795" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall and Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FD40FC516637CF56" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[720,884,1014,1041]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="161 - 186" refId="ref182923" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1953 a) The morphology of the British Prostriata with particular reference to Ixodes hexagonus Leach. II. Parasitology, 43, 161 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000084432" type="journal article" year="1953">
Arthur (1953
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FCF7FC516637CF56" author="Aeschlimann, A." box="[871,884,1014,1041]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="154 - 177" refId="ref178065" refString="Aeschlimann, A. (1963) Observations sur la morphologie, la biologie et le developpement d' Amblyomma compressum (Macalister, 1872), la tique des pangolins d'Afrique occidentale. Acta Tropica, 20, 154 - 177." type="journal article" year="1963">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 1963, 1965),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB8AFC5161F5CF56" author="Babos, S." box="[1050,1206,1014,1041]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref185196" refString="Babos, S. (1964) Die Zeckenfauna Mitteleuropas. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 410 pp." type="book" year="1964">Babos (1964)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB54FC5165B3CF72" author="Senevet, G. &amp; Ripert, C." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="79 - 121" refId="ref245900" refString="Senevet, G. &amp; Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079" type="journal article" year="1967">Sénevet and Ripert (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF6CFBBD64BACF73" author="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W" box="[252,505,1050,1076]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref234235" refString="Nosek, J. &amp; Sixl, W (1972) Central-European ticks (Ixodoidea). Mittellungen der Abteilung fur Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 1, 61 - 92." type="journal article" year="1972">Nosek and Sixl (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FD94FBBD664ECF73" author="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A." box="[516,781,1050,1076]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="83 - 95" refId="ref228526" refString="Manilla, G. &amp; Iori, A. (1992) Chiave illustrata delle zecche d'Italia. I: Stadi larvali delle specie della sottofamiglia Ixodinae (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Parassitologia, 34 (1 - 3), 83 - 95." type="journal article" year="1992">
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFC8FFE3FD94FBBD6718CF73" box="[516,603,1050,1076]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Manilla</collectingRegion>
and Iori (1992)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FC88FBBD614ECF73" author="Marquez, F. J. &amp; Morel, P. C. &amp; Guiguen, C. &amp; Beaucournu, J. C." box="[792,1037,1050,1076]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="325 - 330" refId="ref228718" refString="Marquez, F. J., Morel, P. C., Guiguen, C. &amp; Beaucournu, J. C. (1992) Cle dichotomique des Ixodidae d'Europe. I - Les larves du genre Ixodes. Acarologia, 33, 325 - 330." type="journal article" year="1992">
Márquez
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FC12FBBC66F9CF73" box="[898,954,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(1992)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FB88FBBD61BACF73" author="Cordas, T. &amp; Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C." box="[1048,1273,1050,1076]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="21 - 46" refId="ref193386" refString="Cordas, T., Aeschlimann, A. &amp; Morel, P. C. (1993) Etude morphologique des Ixodidae s. str. (Schulze, 1937) de Suisse au microscope electronique a balayage. Acarologia, 34, 21 - 46." type="journal article" year="1993">
Cordas
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FBFEFBBC61E5CF73" box="[1134,1190,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FA94FBBD60D4CF73" author="Siuda, K." box="[1284,1431,1050,1076]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref246619" refString="Siuda, K. (1993) Ticks of Poland (Acari: Ixodidae) Part II. Systematic and distribution. Polish Parasitological Society, Warsaw, 380 pp. [in Polish]" type="book" year="1993">Siuda (1993)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FF07FB99647ACF1F" author="Slovak, M." box="[151,313,1086,1112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="12 - 18" refId="ref246860" refString="Slovak, M. (2014) Pictorial key to the larvae and nymphs of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Slovakia fauna. Entomofauna Carpathica, 26, 12 - 18." type="journal article" year="2014">Slovák (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FED5FB99672ACF1F" author="Estrada-Pena, A. &amp; Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N." box="[325,617,1086,1112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref199181" refString="Estrada-Pena, A., Mihalca, A. D. &amp; Petney, T. N. (2017) Ticks of Europe and North Africa. Springer, Cham, 404 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 63760 - 0" type="book" year="2017">
Estrada-Peña
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FE4FFB98675BCF1F" box="[479,536,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFC8FFE3FF07FBC56496CE77" blockId="33.[151,1437,258,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FF07FBC5659BCF3B" bold="true" box="[151,216,1122,1148]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Note:</emphasis>
records of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FEC6FBC5675ECF3B" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[342,541,1122,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FEC6FBC5675ECF3B" box="[342,541,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens collected in the
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFC8FFE3FC28FBC56154CF3B" box="[952,1047,1122,1148]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Oriental</collectingRegion>
, Nearctic and Neotropical
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFC8FFE3FAD0FBC560DFCF3B" box="[1344,1436,1122,1148]" country="Iraq" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Regions</collectingRegion>
are treated as misidentifications in Guglielmone
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FD53FB2067BDCFE7" box="[707,766,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2014). There are also redescriptions of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FB42FB2160DFCFE7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1234,1436,1158,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FB42FB2160DFCFE7" box="[1234,1436,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under the genus
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FEDEFB0D64A6CF83" box="[334,485,1194,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Pholeoixodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FEDEFB0D64A6CF83" box="[334,485,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Pholeoixodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as controversial redescriptions under the name
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FBC2FB0D605ACF83" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1106,1305,1194,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FBC2FB0D605ACF83" box="[1106,1305,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are not included in the above lists.
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFC8FFE3FE5AFB6967CACFAE" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[458,649,1230,1257]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="261 - 307" refId="ref183261" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1956 b) The morphology of the British Prostriata, with particular reference to Ixodes hexagonus Leach. III. Parasitology, 46, 261 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000026512" type="journal article" year="1956">Arthurs (1956b)</bibRefCitation>
morphological study of
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FC0EFB696124CFAF" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[926,1127,1230,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FC0EFB696124CFAF" box="[926,1127,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
focuses chiefly on Haller´s organ.
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FFC8FFE3FF75FB55644ECE4B" box="[229,269,1266,1292]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">See</collectingRegion>
also
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FED9FB5564BCCE4B" authorityName="Johnston" authorityYear="1849" box="[329,511,1266,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canisuga">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FED9FB5564BCCE4B" box="[329,511,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes canisuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for its alleged synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FCCEFB556164CE4B" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[862,1063,1266,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FCCEFB556164CE4B" box="[862,1063,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes hexagonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FBF5FB556042CE4B" authorityName="Arthur" authorityYear="1957" box="[1125,1281,1266,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaiseri">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FBF5FB556042CE4B" box="[1125,1281,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Ixodes kaiseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for its confusion with
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFC8FFE3FE96FAB16496CE77" box="[262,469,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFC8FFE3FE96FAB16492CE77" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[262,465,1302,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hexagonus">Ixodes hexagonus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>