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<mods:title id="27CB480ECBF6156D3ECE66FD637358A8">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F79033813DDA4BC4C40D65F7F1E2C72">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FADA990BA44754F746B8A764C95A34B">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FFB7FF9DFF07F86566F4C87E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4583062" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179989952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4583062" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FFB7FF9DFF07F86566F4C87E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FFB7FF9DFF07F86566F4C87E" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFB7FF9CFF07F8656718CC9A" box="[151,603,1986,2013]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB7FF9CFF07F8656718CC9A" blockId="94.[151,1437,834,2013]" box="[151,603,1986,2013]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB7FF9CFF07F86565F9CC9B" bold="true" box="[151,186,1986,2012]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">46.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB7FF9CFF57F8656714CC9A" ID-CoL="65ZZL" authority="Donitz, 1909" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[199,599,1986,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB7FF9CFF57F86564F5CC9A" bold="true" box="[199,438,1986,2013]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB7FF9CFE2FF8646714CC9A" author="Donitz, W." box="[447,599,1987,2013]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="440 - 482" refId="ref195832" refString="Donitz, W. (1909) Uber das Zeckengenus Amblyomma. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 8, 440 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11762" type="journal article" year="1909">Dönitz, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFB7FF9DFDF2F864649DCA06" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB7FF9DFDF2F864649DCA06" blockId="94.[151,1437,834,2013]" lastBlockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
An Afrotropical species whose adults are usually found on
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB7FF9CFA98F86460DACC9A" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[1288,1433,1987,2013]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFF07FF3065B4CBF6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[151,247,151,177]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
, but all parasitic stages have been recovered from these hosts. Adults and nymphs have been collected from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFF07FF1C646BCB92" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,296,187,213]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFEA1FF1C64EACB92" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[305,425,187,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Camelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Camelidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFE4EFF1C676ECB92" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[478,557,187,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Suidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFDF7FF1C664ECB92" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[615,781,187,213]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perissodactyla</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFC87FF1C6635CB92" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[791,886,187,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Equidae</taxonomicName>
; adults alone have been recovered from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFAA6FF1C65F0CBBE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
(several orders),
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFEE8FF786779CBBE" box="[376,570,223,249]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Struthioniformes</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFDD5FF78679CCBBE" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[581,735,223,249]" class="Aves" family="Struthionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Struthioniformes" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Struthionidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFC89FF7866D6CBBE" box="[793,917,223,249]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Testudines</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFC0FFF786172CBBE" box="[927,1073,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Testudinidae</taxonomicName>
; and immature stages have been collected from
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFED4FEA4649BCA5A" box="[324,472,259,285]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Lagomorpha</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFE74FEA4671BCA5A" box="[484,600,259,285]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leporidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFDF5FEA4678CCA5A" box="[613,719,259,285]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFD4BFEA4660BCA5A" box="[731,840,259,285]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sciuridae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFC15FEA466FFCA5A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[901,956,259,285]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
(several orders).
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFB16FEA46028CA5B" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[1158,1387,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFB16FEA46028CA5B" box="[1158,1387,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very rare parasite of humans.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00F46549FFB6FF9DFF07FEEC66F4C87E" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FEEC6423CA22" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" box="[151,352,331,357]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FEEC65F8CA22" bold="true" box="[151,187,331,357]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF52FEEC6423CA22" author="Donitz, W." box="[194,352,331,357]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="440 - 482" refId="ref195832" refString="Donitz, W. (1909) Uber das Zeckengenus Amblyomma. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 8, 440 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11762" type="journal article" year="1909">Dönitz (1909)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FEC86415CACE" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" box="[151,342,367,393]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FEC865F1CACE" bold="true" box="[151,178,367,393]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF29FEC86415CACE" author="Donitz, W." box="[185,342,367,393]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="440 - 482" refId="ref195832" refString="Donitz, W. (1909) Uber das Zeckengenus Amblyomma. Sitzungsberichten der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 8, 440 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 11762" type="journal article" year="1909">Dönitz (1909)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FE3464DECAEA" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" box="[151,413,402,429]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FE3465F6CAEA" bold="true" box="[151,181,403,429]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">N:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF2CFE3464DECAEA" author="Theiler, G. &amp; Walker, J. B. &amp; Wiley, A. J." box="[188,413,402,429]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="83 - 99" refId="ref250950" refString="Theiler, G., Walker, J. B. &amp; Wiley, A. J. (1956) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VIII. Two East African ticks. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 27, 83 - 99." type="journal article" year="1956">
Theiler
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFE84FE34640FCAEA" box="[276,332,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
(1956)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FE1064DFCA96" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" box="[151,412,438,465]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FE1065F0CA96" bold="true" box="[151,179,439,465]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">L:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF2AFE1064DFCA96" author="Theiler, G. &amp; Walker, J. B. &amp; Wiley, A. J." box="[186,412,438,465]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="83 - 99" refId="ref250950" refString="Theiler, G., Walker, J. B. &amp; Wiley, A. J. (1956) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VIII. Two East African ticks. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 27, 83 - 99." type="journal article" year="1956">
Theiler
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFE82FE106409CA96" box="[274,330,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
(1956)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FE7D640BCAB3" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" box="[151,328,474,500]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FE7D640BCAB3" bold="true" box="[151,328,474,500]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Redescriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FE58675AC97A" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FE5865F8C95E" bold="true" box="[151,187,511,537]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">M:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF55FE5864CBC95D" author="Robinson, L. E." box="[197,392,511,538]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref240599" refString="Robinson, L. E. (1926) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part IV. The genus Amblyomma. Cambridge University Press, London, 302 pp." type="book" year="1926">Robinson (1926)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFE06FE5867C0C95E" author="Theiler, G. &amp; Walker, J. B. &amp; Wiley, A. J." box="[406,643,510,537]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="83 - 99" refId="ref250950" refString="Theiler, G., Walker, J. B. &amp; Wiley, A. J. (1956) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VIII. Two East African ticks. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 27, 83 - 99." type="journal article" year="1956">
Theiler
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFE61FE58676EC95E" box="[497,557,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
(1956)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFD02FE586619C95E" author="Tendeiro, J." box="[658,858,510,537]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="407 - 457" refId="ref249793" refString="Tendeiro, J. (1959 b) Sobre quelques ixodides du Mozambique et de la Guinee Portugaise. II. Boletim Cultural da Guine Portuguesa, 14, 407 - 457." type="journal article" year="1959">Tendeiro (1959b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFCF9FE5861F6C95E" author="Matthysse, J. G. &amp; Colbo, M. H." box="[873,1205,511,537]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref229829" refString="Matthysse, J. G. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse and Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, Walker, A.R.
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFAF1FE5860DEC95E" box="[1377,1437,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
(2003),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF7FFD84675AC97A" author="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[239,537,547,573]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FDE0675AC9C2" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FDE065F1C926" bold="true" box="[151,178,583,609]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">F:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF2CFDE0643CC925" author="Robinson, L. E." box="[188,383,583,610]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref240599" refString="Robinson, L. E. (1926) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part IV. The genus Amblyomma. Cambridge University Press, London, 302 pp." type="book" year="1926">Robinson (1926)</bibRefCitation>
,
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Theiler
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFE7AFDE06765C926" box="[490,550,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
(1956)
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, Walker, A.R.
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFAF0FDE060DEC926" box="[1376,1437,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al.</emphasis>
(2003),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFF7FFDCC675AC9C2" author="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[239,537,619,645]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FD28663DC9EE" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" box="[151,894,655,681]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FD2865F6C9EE" bold="true" box="[151,181,655,681]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">N:</emphasis>
Borght-Elbl (1977),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFE30FD28678FC9EE" author="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[416,716,655,681]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
; see note below
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FD14678BC98A" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" box="[151,712,691,717]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FD1465F0C98A" bold="true" box="[151,179,691,717]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">L:</emphasis>
Borght-Elbl (1977),
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFE0FFD14678BC98A" author="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[415,712,691,717]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="485136C2FFB6FF9DFF07FD7066F4C87E" blockId="95.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF07FD70659BC9B6" bold="true" box="[151,216,727,753]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Note:</emphasis>
see
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFE98FD706749C9B6" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[264,522,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFE98FD706749C9B6" box="[264,522,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for a discussion of difficulties concerning that species diagnosis and its confusion with
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFF41FD5C64FEC853" box="[209,445,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFF41FD5C64F9C853" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[209,442,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">Amblyomma gemma</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FFB6FF9DFE54FD5C67B2C852" author="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E." box="[452,753,763,789]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. &amp; Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
state that the hypostomal dental formula of the
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FFB6FF9DFA80FD5C65ABC87F" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FFB6FF9DFA80FD5C65ABC87F" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nymph is 2/2, but the corresponding figure shows 3/3 dentition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>