290 lines
39 KiB
XML
290 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="238E075B7702D420B2542B93863F61FD" ID-CLB-Dataset="7890" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="344f8a86-21a1-428e-ae4f-01ea6082254a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4423340" ID-ZooBank="C21A719F-9A6B-4227-8386-1AFA22620614" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610022441531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2020" docId="C04787D4FF80FFABFF07FCE466EFCC0B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4871.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4871 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Amblyomma marmoreum Koch 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="3C7EFFACFFE9FFC2FF90FFA76543CB47" masterDocTitle="Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1698923194747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="50509A24D0DE5E539AF36785B2B91280" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="925414AE15A86191A55BF8C1BBC336BE">
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<mods:title id="32C0D2488F9AA447DC17D1D1FAF4B817">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A6B36A3ACF7D230BF961869C76B88F5">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4B90C527B4663D7F3577A53BEBDB900" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DB5FBF957B92EEBDF0A4A09A36B24399">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4151D8D24F7585E8F139E685C5CF7FAE" type="email">trevor.petney@smnk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ECBE8FDFC92DAB9E317C254BE5D86BF7">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="595690ACA4D19BD52CD783F4C85F657E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AC6F1E7EE040B61AF1A564CE6D0CE2C2" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AD3E6454E407EF20C8925774D05FD055">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3D359FA151C994270D5CB6D902CE80C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8A8CF07A075E8E1EC427CCE1C0BCF6BB">
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<mods:date id="952727A836AB85CEDE1E9C63FC1383C2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8F40854F21026F6039F68476EEA1A5C3">2020-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8F14628FDADC8A9C7EA02BA713E5C8D8">4871</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FF80FFABFF07FCE466EFCC0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4583124" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4583124" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FF80FFABFF07FCE466EFCC0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FF80FFABFF07FCE466EFCC0B" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF80FFABFF07FCE467C8C81A" box="[151,651,834,861]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FCE467C8C81A" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,651,834,861]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FCE465F9C81A" bold="true" box="[151,186,835,861]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">75.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFF57FCE567C4C81A" ID-CoL="CMFS" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[199,647,834,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF57FCE564ACC81A" bold="true" box="[199,495,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFE65FCE467C4C81A" author="Koch, C. L." box="[501,647,835,861]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref220835" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF80FFABFD1FFCE461B7CF1E" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFD1FFCE461B7CF1E" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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An Afrotropical species whose adults are usually found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFA8DFCE460DAC81A" box="[1309,1433,835,861]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Testudines</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFF07FCC0646AC8C6" box="[151,297,871,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Testudinidae</taxonomicName>
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; immature stages are also commonly found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFCDBFCC0669EC8C6" box="[843,989,871,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Testudinidae</taxonomicName>
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, but they are frequently collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFF07FC2C646BC8E2" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,296,907,933]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFEA2FC2C64D1C8E2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[306,402,907,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFE0DFC2C6752C8E2" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[413,529,907,933]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFD8CFC2C6732C8E2" box="[540,625,907,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFDECFC2C6653C8E2" box="[636,784,907,933]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Lagomorpha</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFC8AFC2C66CDC8E2" box="[794,910,907,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leporidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFC58FC2C6111C8E2" box="[968,1106,907,933]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFBCDFC2C61A0C8E2" box="[1117,1251,907,933]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phasianidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFA89FC2C60DAC8E2" box="[1305,1433,907,933]" class="Aves" family="Numididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Numididae</taxonomicName>
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. All parasitic stages have also been recovered from these hosts as well as from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFB9CFC0861C3C88E" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1036,1152,943,969]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFB1CFC0861A8C88E" box="[1164,1259,943,969]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Canidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFAB6FC0860DAC88E" box="[1318,1433,943,969]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Squamata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFF07FC74644BC8AA" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,264,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperidae</taxonomicName>
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. Adults and nymphs have been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFC9EFC7466C2C8AA" box="[782,897,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Squamata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFC1BFC7466AEC8AA" box="[907,1005,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elapidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFBB1FC7461D6C8AA" box="[1057,1173,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Varanidae</taxonomicName>
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; adults alone have been taken from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFE8AFC5064CECF56" box="[282,397,1015,1041]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Squamata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFE08FC506759CF56" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[408,538,1015,1041]" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pythonidae</taxonomicName>
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; nymphs and larvae have been found on several orders of
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFB3DFC506065CF56" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1197,1318,1015,1041]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFACDFC5060DBCF56" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1373,1432,1015,1041]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
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; nymphs alone have been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFDFCFBBC679CCF72" box="[620,735,1051,1077]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Squamata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFD7CFBBC662BCF72" baseAuthorityName="Mendoza-Roldan & Colella" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[748,872,1051,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Colubridae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFC34FBBC6117CF72" box="[932,1108,1051,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhosauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gerrhosauridae</taxonomicName>
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; and larvae alone have been recovered from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFEDAFB9864B3CF1E" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[330,496,1087,1113]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perissodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFE6BFB986719CF1E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[507,602,1087,1113]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Equidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFDF4FB98663CCF1F" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[612,895,1087,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFDF4FB98663CCF1F" box="[612,895,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a sporadic parasite of humans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF80FFABFF07FBC466EFCC0B" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FBC4641ECF3A" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,349,1123,1149]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FBC465F8CF3A" bold="true" box="[151,187,1123,1149]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF52FBC4641ECF3A" author="Koch, C. L." box="[194,349,1123,1149]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref220835" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch (1844a)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FB20610CCFE6" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,1103,1158,1186]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FB2065F1CFE6" bold="true" box="[151,178,1159,1185]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF29FB206430CFE5" author="Schulze, P." box="[185,371,1159,1186]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="459 - 476" refId="ref244501" refString="Schulze, P. (1932 b) Neue und wenig bekannte Arten der Zeckengattungen Amblyomma und Aponomma. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 4, 459 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02119995" type="journal article" year="1932">Schulze (1932b)</bibRefCitation>
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, as explained in
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFDBDFB206631CFE6" author="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E." box="[557,882,1158,1185]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref250905" refString="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part IX - " The Amblyomma marmoreum group. " Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47 - 124." type="journal article" year="1959">Theiler and Salisbury (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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, but see note below
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FB0C6424CF82" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,359,1195,1221]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FB0C65F6CF82" bold="true" box="[151,181,1195,1221]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF2CFB0C6424CF82" author="Howard, C. W." box="[188,359,1195,1221]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="73 - 169" refId="ref215418" refString="Howard, C. W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84612" type="journal article" year="1908">Howard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FB686425CFAE" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,358,1231,1257]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FB6865F0CFAE" bold="true" box="[151,179,1231,1257]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">L:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF2AFB686425CFAE" author="Howard, C. W." box="[186,358,1231,1257]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="73 - 169" refId="ref215418" refString="Howard, C. W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84612" type="journal article" year="1908">Howard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FB55640BCE4B" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,328,1266,1292]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FB55640BCE4B" bold="true" box="[151,328,1266,1292]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Redescriptions</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FAB0667BCE12" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FAB065F8CE76" bold="true" box="[151,187,1303,1329]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF51FAB06413CE76" author="Koch, C. L." box="[193,336,1303,1329]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref220955" refString="Koch, C. L. (1847) s. n. Ubersicht des Arachnidensystems, Nurnberg, 4, 1 - 136." type="journal article" year="1847">Koch (1847)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFECBFAB06751CE76" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[347,530,1303,1329]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref233314" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFECBFAB0648BCE76" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[347,456,1303,1329]" pageId="105" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">Neumann</taxonomicName>
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(1899
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFD8CFAB06714CE76" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[540,599,1303,1329]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="249 - 372" refId="ref233349" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372." type="journal article" year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFDFAFAB06654CE76" author="Howard, C. W." box="[618,791,1303,1329]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="73 - 169" refId="ref215418" refString="Howard, C. W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84612" type="journal article" year="1908">Howard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFCB2FAB066A3CE75" author="Robinson, L. E." box="[802,992,1303,1330]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref240599" refString="Robinson, L. E. (1926) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part IV. The genus Amblyomma. Cambridge University Press, London, 302 pp." type="book" year="1926">Robinson (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFC7AFAB0618ECE76" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[1002,1229,1302,1329]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="477 - 503" refId="ref242864" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1955 a) Estudo de alguns ixodideos do " grupo do Amblyomma marmoreum " em coleccao no Museu de Hamburgo. Anais do Instituto de Medicina Tropical, 12, 477 - 503." type="journal article" year="1955">Santos Dias (1955a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFB47FAB0645DCE12" author="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E." pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref250905" refString="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part IX - " The Amblyomma marmoreum group. " Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47 - 124." type="journal article" year="1959">Theiler and Salisbury (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFEBAFA9C6716CE12" author="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E." box="[298,597,1339,1365]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFDF1FA9C667BCE12" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[609,824,1339,1365]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFD3EFA9C67A5CE12" box="[686,742,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FAF8642DCEDA" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FAF865F1CE3E" bold="true" box="[151,178,1375,1401]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF27FAF86427CE3E" author="Howard, C. W." box="[183,356,1375,1401]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="73 - 169" refId="ref215418" refString="Howard, C. W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84612" type="journal article" year="1908">Howard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFEFFFAF8676ECE3D" author="Robinson, L. E." box="[367,557,1375,1402]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref240599" refString="Robinson, L. E. (1926) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part IV. The genus Amblyomma. Cambridge University Press, London, 302 pp." type="book" year="1926">Robinson (1926)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFDA7FAF86659CE3E" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[567,794,1374,1401]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="477 - 503" refId="ref242864" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1955 a) Estudo de alguns ixodideos do " grupo do Amblyomma marmoreum " em coleccao no Museu de Hamburgo. Anais do Instituto de Medicina Tropical, 12, 477 - 503." type="journal article" year="1955">Santos Dias (1955a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFCB4FAF86126CE3E" author="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E." box="[804,1125,1374,1401]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref250905" refString="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part IX - " The Amblyomma marmoreum group. " Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47 - 124." type="journal article" year="1959">Theiler and Salisbury (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFBFFFAF860D4CE3E" author="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E." box="[1135,1431,1375,1401]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF07FA24642DCEDA" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[151,366,1411,1437]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF74FA24645FCEDA" box="[228,284,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FA0066AFCE86" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,1004,1446,1473]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FA0065F6CE86" bold="true" box="[151,181,1447,1473]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF2BFA006743CE86" author="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E." box="[187,512,1446,1473]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref250905" refString="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part IX - " The Amblyomma marmoreum group. " Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47 - 124." type="journal article" year="1959">Theiler and Salisbury (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFD9AFA0067F4CE86" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[522,695,1446,1473]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="423 - 431" refId="ref184208" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1975 b) The nymphs of some ixodid ticks (Acarina) from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 64, 423 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530000609 X" type="journal article" year="1975">Arthur (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFD52FA0066AFCE86" author="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E." box="[706,1004,1447,1473]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FA6C66ABCEA2" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" box="[151,1000,1482,1509]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FA6C65F0CEA2" bold="true" box="[151,179,1483,1509]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">L:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF2AFA6C64BDCEA2" author="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E." box="[186,510,1482,1509]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref250905" refString="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part IX - " The Amblyomma marmoreum group. " Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47 - 124." type="journal article" year="1959">Theiler and Salisbury (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFD99FA6C67F7CEA2" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[521,692,1482,1509]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="405 - 421" refId="ref184158" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1975 a) The larvae of some ixodid ticks (Acarina) from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 64, 405 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300006088" type="journal article" year="1975">Arthur (1975a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFD2FFA6C66ABCEA2" author="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E." box="[703,1000,1483,1509]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref253558" refString="Voltzit, O. V. & Keirans, J. E. (2003) A review of African Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae). Acarina, 11, 135 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Voltzit and Keirans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF80FFABFF07FA4866EFCC0B" blockId="105.[151,1437,834,1869]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF07FA48659BCD4E" bold="true" box="[151,216,1519,1545]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Note:</emphasis>
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the
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|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFE96FA486763CD4F" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[262,544,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFE96FA486763CD4F" box="[262,544,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex of species comprises
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFCE8FA486184CD4E" authorityName="in Borght-Elbl" authorityYear="1977" box="[888,1223,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falsomarmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFCE8FA486184CD4E" box="[888,1223,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma falsomarmoreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFB45FA4865B1CD6B" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFB45FA4865B1CD6B" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFF6FF9B464A0CD6A" authorityName="Donitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[255,483,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuttalli">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF6FF9B464A0CD6A" box="[255,483,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma nuttalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFD88F9B46649CD6B" box="[536,778,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sparsum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFD88F9B46649CD6B" box="[536,778,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma sparsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and was revised in detail by
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFBC4F9B460DBCD6A" author="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E." box="[1108,1432,1554,1581]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref250905" refString="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part IX - " The Amblyomma marmoreum group. " Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47 - 124." type="journal article" year="1959">Theiler and Salisbury (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFE9AF990671DCD16" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S." box="[266,606,1591,1617]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref204627" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Guglielmone and Nava (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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described the difficulties experienced by many tick experts when attempting to identify these species, and Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFD3BF9FC67A7CD32" box="[683,740,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2017) suggest that this complex contains more than the four conventionally recognized species.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFDB6F9D867BCCDDE" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[550,767,1662,1689]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref207749" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050.29. 07. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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described the male and female of this species as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFAB9F9D8640BCDFB" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFAB9F9D8640BCDFB" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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group.
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|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFE0EF9046718CDFA" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[414,603,1699,1725]" pageId="105" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFE0EF9046718CDFA" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[414,603,1699,1725]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="249 - 372" refId="ref233349" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1901) Revision de la famille des ixodides (4 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 14, 249 - 372." type="journal article" year="1901">Neumann (1901)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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allegedly described the female of
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFC4BF90461B5CDFB" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[987,1270,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFC4BF90461B5CDFB" box="[987,1270,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, but according to
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFF23F96064B0CDA6" author="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E." box="[179,499,1734,1761]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref250905" refString="Theiler, G. & Salisbury, L. E. (1959) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part IX - " The Amblyomma marmoreum group. " Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 28, 47 - 124." type="journal article" year="1959">Theiler and Salisbury (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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the first
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFDC5F96067FECDA6" box="[597,701,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">bona fide</emphasis>
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description of this stage of
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFC7FF960604ACDA7" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1007,1289,1735,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFC7FF960604ACDA7" box="[1007,1289,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in
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|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF80FFABFAD4F96065B0CC41" author="Schulze, P." pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="459 - 476" refId="ref244501" refString="Schulze, P. (1932 b) Neue und wenig bekannte Arten der Zeckengattungen Amblyomma und Aponomma. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 4, 459 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02119995" type="journal article" year="1932">Schulze (1932b)</bibRefCitation>
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. Therefore, the diagnosis of this species entails a degree of uncertainty, and several redescriptions under the name
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|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFF4CF8A864BACC6F" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[220,505,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFF4CF8A864BACC6F" box="[220,505,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma marmoreum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have not been included in the above list.
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|
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FF80FFABFC46F8A866BDCC6E" box="[982,1022,1807,1833]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">See</collectingRegion>
|
|
also
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|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFBACF8A86073CC6F" box="[1084,1328,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sparsum">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFBACF8A86073CC6F" box="[1084,1328,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Amblyomma sparsum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
for some cases of confusion between that species and
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF80FFABFD1AF89466EFCC0B" box="[650,940,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF80FFABFD1AF89466EACC0B" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[650,937,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoreum">Amblyomma marmoreum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |