183 lines
24 KiB
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183 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="075C90C8A4867EBFECC2AF2CD9812944">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="020702CA7C35A526B65D105BDEA621D3">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9FF5EC945070CF0F3ADCB2A159008500">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4415A9DA4726A4432D647E252A62BC89">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="426C8ED1178045E5EEB54A9E4DB91767">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FF5EFF7AFF07FA496767CB92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4582639" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4582639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FF5EFF7AFF07FA496767CB92" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FF5EFF7AFF07FA496767CB92" lastPageId="184" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF5EFF75FF07FA49678DCD4E" box="[151,718,1518,1545]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FF07FA49678DCD4E" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" box="[151,718,1518,1545]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07FA496584CD4F" bold="true" box="[151,199,1518,1544]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">119.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FF67FA496789CD4E" ID-CoL="3J7YY" authority="Neumann, 1905" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1905" box="[247,714,1518,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parmata">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF67FA49674DCD4E" bold="true" box="[247,526,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Haemaphysalis parmata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FD85FA486789CD4E" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[533,714,1518,1545]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="225 - 241" refId="ref233434" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1905) Notes sur les ixodides. III. Archives de Parasitologie, 9, 225 - 241." type="journal article" year="1905">Neumann, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF5EFF75FD42FA486457CDDE" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FD42FA486457CDDE" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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An Afrotropical species, all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FE93F9B464D7CD6A" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[259,404,1555,1581]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FE0FF9B46743CD6A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[415,512,1555,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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. Adults alone have been collected on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FC3EF9B46162CD6A" box="[942,1057,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Squamata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FBBDF9B461D1CD6A" box="[1069,1170,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elapidae</taxonomicName>
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, while immature stages have been recovered from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FE40F99067C0CD16" authorityName="Furbringer" authorityYear="1888" box="[464,643,1591,1617]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bucerotiformes" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Bucerotiformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FD00F9906657CD16" box="[656,788,1591,1617]" class="Aves" family="Bucorvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bucerotiformes" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bucorvidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FCB3F9906686CD16" box="[803,965,1591,1617]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
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: Strildidae and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FBECF99061A7CD16" authorityName="Cabanis" authorityYear="1847" box="[1148,1252,1591,1617]" class="Aves" family="Viduidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viduidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FAB6F99060DACD16" box="[1318,1433,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Squamata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FF07F9FC6404CD32" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,327,1627,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Atractaspididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Atractaspididae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FEC5F9FC67EECD32" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G." box="[341,685,1627,1653]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="ref204760" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone & Robbins 2018</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FD28F9FC66C2CD32" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[696,897,1627,1653]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FC95F9FC667ECD32" box="[773,829,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FC03F9FC61E5CD33" box="[915,1190,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parmata">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FC03F9FC61E5CD33" box="[915,1190,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Haemaphysalis parmata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a very rare parasite of humans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF5EFF7AFF07F9046767CB92" lastPageId="184" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FF07F90464C3CDFA" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" box="[151,384,1698,1725]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07F90465F8CDFA" bold="true" box="[151,187,1699,1725]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">M:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FF52F90464C3CDFA" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[194,384,1698,1725]" pageId="183" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FF52F90464C3CDFA" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[194,384,1698,1725]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="225 - 241" refId="ref233434" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1905) Notes sur les ixodides. III. Archives de Parasitologie, 9, 225 - 241." type="journal article" year="1905">Neumann (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FF07F9606434CDA6" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" box="[151,375,1734,1761]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07F96065F1CDA6" bold="true" box="[151,178,1735,1761]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">F:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF5EFF75FF29F9606434CDA6" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[185,375,1734,1761]" pageId="183" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FF29F9606434CDA6" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[185,375,1734,1761]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="225 - 241" refId="ref233434" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1905) Notes sur les ixodides. III. Archives de Parasitologie, 9, 225 - 241." type="journal article" year="1905">Neumann (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FF07F94C674BCC42" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" box="[151,520,1770,1797]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07F94C65F6CC42" bold="true" box="[151,181,1771,1797]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FF2CF94C674BCC42" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." box="[188,520,1770,1797]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="349 - 550" refId="ref234861" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1915) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part III. The genus Haemaphysalis. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 349 - 550." type="book chapter" year="1915">Nuttall and Warburton (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FF07F8A86745CC6E" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" box="[151,518,1806,1833]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07F8A865F0CC6E" bold="true" box="[151,179,1807,1833]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">L:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FF2AF8A86745CC6E" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." box="[186,518,1806,1833]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="349 - 550" refId="ref234861" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1915) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part III. The genus Haemaphysalis. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 349 - 550." type="book chapter" year="1915">Nuttall and Warburton (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FF07F895640BCC0B" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" box="[151,328,1842,1868]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07F895640BCC0B" bold="true" box="[151,328,1842,1868]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Redescriptions</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF5EFF75FF07F8F06751CCD2" blockId="183.[151,1437,1518,2013]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07F8F065F8CC36" bold="true" box="[151,187,1879,1905]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FF53F8F06757CC36" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." box="[195,532,1878,1905]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="349 - 550" refId="ref234861" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1915) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part III. The genus Haemaphysalis. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 349 - 550." type="book chapter" year="1915">Nuttall and Warburton (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FDB1F8F06790CC36" author="Theiler, G." box="[545,723,1878,1905]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="191 - 207" refId="ref250635" refString="Theiler, G. (1945 c) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part V. - Three African haemaphysalids parasitic on domestic stock. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 20, 191 - 207." type="journal article" year="1945">Theiler (1945c)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FD70F8F066FFCC36" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[736,956,1878,1905]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="ref207749" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050.29. 07. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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, Elbl and
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FBBFF8F061AFCC35" author="Anastos, G." box="[1071,1260,1879,1906]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="1 - 412" refId="ref197656" refString="Elbl, A. & Anastos, G. (1966 d) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume IV. Genera Aponomma Neumann, 1899, Boophilus Curtice, 1891, Dermacentor Koch, 1844, Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844. Hyalomma, Koch, 1844 and Rhipicentor Nuttall and Warburton, 1908. Lists and bibliography. Annales du Musee Royal de l' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique, 148, 1 - 412." type="journal article" year="1966">Anastos (1966d)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FB69F8F0646CCCD2" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="ref229829" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse and Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FEABF8DC6751CCD2" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[315,530,1915,1941]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FE18F8DC6482CCD2" box="[392,449,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FF07F83865F1CCFE" bold="true" box="[151,178,1951,1977]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FF2AF838674DCCFE" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C." box="[186,526,1950,1977]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="349 - 550" refId="ref234861" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1915) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part III. The genus Haemaphysalis. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 349 - 550." type="book chapter" year="1915">Nuttall and Warburton (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FD8BF838678DCCFE" author="Theiler, G." box="[539,718,1950,1977]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="191 - 207" refId="ref250635" refString="Theiler, G. (1945 c) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part V. - Three African haemaphysalids parasitic on domestic stock. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 20, 191 - 207." type="journal article" year="1945">Theiler (1945c)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FD4BF83866FBCCFE" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[731,952,1950,1977]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="ref207749" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050.29. 07. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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, Elbl and
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF5EFF75FBBDF83861A8CCFD" author="Anastos, G." box="[1069,1259,1951,1978]" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" pagination="1 - 412" refId="ref197656" refString="Elbl, A. & Anastos, G. (1966 d) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume IV. Genera Aponomma Neumann, 1899, Boophilus Curtice, 1891, Dermacentor Koch, 1844, Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844. Hyalomma, Koch, 1844 and Rhipicentor Nuttall and Warburton, 1908. Lists and bibliography. Annales du Musee Royal de l' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique, 148, 1 - 412." type="journal article" year="1966">Anastos (1966d)</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF5EFF75FE18F8646482CC9A" box="[392,449,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF51FF7AFF07FF306429CBF6" blockId="184.[151,548,150,213]" box="[151,362,150,177]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF51FF7AFF07FF3065F6CBF6" bold="true" box="[151,181,151,177]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF51FF7AFF2BFF306429CBF6" author="Theiler, G." box="[187,362,150,177]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="191 - 207" refId="ref250635" refString="Theiler, G. (1945 c) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part V. - Three African haemaphysalids parasitic on domestic stock. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 20, 191 - 207." type="journal article" year="1945">Theiler (1945c)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF51FF7AFF07FF1C6767CB92" blockId="184.[151,548,150,213]" box="[151,548,186,213]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF51FF7AFF07FF1C65F0CB92" bold="true" box="[151,179,187,213]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">L:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF51FF7AFF2AFF1C6429CB92" author="Bedford, G. A. H." box="[186,362,187,213]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="49 - 99" refId="ref187357" refString="Bedford, G. A. H. (1934) South African ticks. Part I. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 2, 49 - 99." type="journal article" year="1934">
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<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FF51FF7AFF2AFF1C6455CB92" box="[186,278,187,213]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bedford" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Bedford</collectingRegion>
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(1934)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF51FF7AFEE5FF1C6767CB92" author="Theiler, G." box="[373,548,186,213]" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="191 - 207" refId="ref250635" refString="Theiler, G. (1945 c) Ticks of the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part V. - Three African haemaphysalids parasitic on domestic stock. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 20, 191 - 207." type="journal article" year="1945">Theiler (1945c)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |