240 lines
30 KiB
XML
240 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="CF2438F912A80DBA662E8CFBDF75D9EE">
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<mods:title id="42C7E31893347F7AEBEE8C67EA260702">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA0D284A606FF916A755125F1B44C4CF">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="28082ED5F1F2971912675E373BB15D17" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8EFD55C880EB5569B3AACE37C457375F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0DEBC8256DAD52E36BCE7CACB12455EC">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BC0CFC814C0B1B614E184052A6B90B20" type="email">trevor.petney@smnk.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9DE4FC64BAA20DBA9A41F00AD34588A8">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A6CECCEB5EAFAE1DEF9F85255357E696" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="18153847153C9BD8A61B0E6F9DD27F3F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CAA42E8984F4FDBC79D759F2B0F38CB1">
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<mods:date id="F929FD09E6F7EFE7780A26866FD55C17">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E258949EE9548B4B2F482CCC44913E53">2020-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0433094D3347EBE661CBF74BB71F5216" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="68E81A4FA2699A84BECD72B46ACA4739">4871</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FF35FF1FFF0EF99165AACAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4582256" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4582256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FF35FF1FFF0EF99165AACAB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FF35FF1FFF0EF99165AACAB3" lastPageId="221" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF35FF1EFF0EF991673CCD17" box="[158,639,1590,1617]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF35FF1EFF0EF991673CCD17" blockId="220.[151,1437,1590,2012]" box="[158,639,1590,1617]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFF0EF9916582CD17" bold="true" box="[158,193,1590,1616]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">25.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFF57F9916739CD17" authority="Neumann, 1897" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1897" box="[199,634,1590,1617]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evertsi">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFF57F99164FCCD17" bold="true" box="[199,447,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Rhipicephalus evertsi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF35FF1EFE55F9906739CD17" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[453,634,1590,1617]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" pagination="324 - 420" refId="ref233279" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1897) Revision de la famille des ixodides (2 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 324 - 420." type="journal article" year="1897">Neumann, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="00F46549FF35FF1EFD14F9916599CC6E" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF35FF1EFD14F9916599CC6E" blockId="220.[151,1437,1590,2012]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
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Chiefly an Afrotropical species but also found in the Palearctic
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<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FF35FF1EFAD4F99160DACD17" box="[1348,1433,1590,1616]" country="Iraq" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Region</collectingRegion>
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. Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFEA2F9FC6428CD33" box="[306,363,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014) listed
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFD9BF9FD67BDCD33" box="[523,766,1626,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eversti">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFD9BF9FD67BDCD33" box="[523,766,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Rhipicephalus eversti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as an Afrotropical tick but
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF35FF1EFBA6F9FD6062CD33" author="Alanazi, A. D. & Al-Mohammed, H. I. & Alyousif, M. S. & Said, A. E. & Salim, B. & Abdel-Shafy, S. & Shaapan, R. M." box="[1078,1313,1626,1652]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" pagination="1027 - 1032" refId="ref178224" refString="Alanazi, A. D., Al-Mohammed, H. I., Alyousif, M. S., Said, A. E., Salim, B., Abdel-Shafy, S. & Shaapan, R. M. (2019) Species diversity and seasonal distribution of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting mammalian hosts in various districts of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56, 1027 - 1032. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjz 036" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Alanazi
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFB05F9FC618DCD33" box="[1173,1230,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
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(2019)
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</bibRefCitation>
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confirmed its presence in the Palearctic. All parasitic stages are usually found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFC51F9D96111CDDF" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[961,1106,1662,1688]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFBCEF9D961FDCDDF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1118,1214,1662,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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, but they have also been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFEEAF90564B0CDFB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[378,499,1698,1724]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Mammalia</taxonomicName>
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(several orders), and occasionally from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFC21F9056110CDFB" box="[945,1107,1698,1724]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFBCAF905618ECDFB" box="[1114,1229,1698,1724]" class="Aves" family="Alaudidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Alaudidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFA91F90560DACDFB" box="[1281,1433,1698,1724]" class="Aves" family="Hirundinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hirundinidae</taxonomicName>
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. Adult ticks alone have rarely been recovered from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFD7CF96166E1CDA7" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[748,930,1734,1760]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Accipitriformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFC3EF9616178CDA7" box="[942,1083,1734,1760]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Accipitridae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFBECF96161BBCDA7" box="[1148,1272,1734,1760]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Testudines</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFA96F96160DBCDA7" box="[1286,1432,1734,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Testudinidae</taxonomicName>
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; larvae and nymphs have been taken from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFDFDF94D67E7CC43" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[621,676,1770,1796]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
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(several orders).
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFCFAF94D611ECC43" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1897" box="[874,1117,1770,1796]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evertsi">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFCFAF94D611ECC43" box="[874,1117,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Rhipicephalus evertsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a sporadic parasite of humans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="00F46549FF35FF1FFF07F89565AACAB3" lastPageId="221" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF35FF1EFF07F89564C3CC0B" blockId="220.[151,1437,1590,2012]" box="[151,384,1842,1869]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
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||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFF07F89565F8CC0B" bold="true" box="[151,187,1842,1868]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">M:</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFF52F89464C3CC0B" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[194,384,1842,1869]" pageId="220" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF35FF1EFF52F89464C3CC0B" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[194,384,1842,1869]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" pagination="324 - 420" refId="ref233279" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1897) Revision de la famille des ixodides (2 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 324 - 420." type="journal article" year="1897">Neumann (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF35FF1EFF07F8F16434CC37" blockId="220.[151,1437,1590,2012]" box="[151,375,1878,1905]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFF07F8F165F1CC37" bold="true" box="[151,178,1878,1904]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">F:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF35FF1EFF29F8F06434CC37" authority="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins, 2020" authorityName="Guglielmone & Petney & Robbins" authorityYear="2020" box="[185,375,1878,1905]" pageId="220" pageNumber="289" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF35FF1EFF29F8F06434CC37" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[185,375,1878,1905]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" pagination="324 - 420" refId="ref233279" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1897) Revision de la famille des ixodides (2 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10, 324 - 420." type="journal article" year="1897">Neumann (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF35FF1EFF07F8DD6424CCD3" blockId="220.[151,1437,1590,2012]" box="[151,359,1914,1940]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFF07F8DD65F6CCD3" bold="true" box="[151,181,1914,1940]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">N:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF35FF1EFF2CF8DD6424CCD3" author="Howard, C. W." box="[188,359,1914,1940]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" pagination="73 - 169" refId="ref215418" refString="Howard, C. W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84612" type="journal article" year="1908">Howard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF35FF1EFF07F839675FCCFF" blockId="220.[151,1437,1590,2012]" box="[151,540,1950,1977]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFF07F83965F0CCFF" bold="true" box="[151,179,1950,1976]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">L:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF35FF1EFF2AF8396429CCFF" author="Bedford, G. A. H." box="[186,362,1950,1976]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" pagination="49 - 99" refId="ref187357" refString="Bedford, G. A. H. (1934) South African ticks. Part I. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 2, 49 - 99." type="journal article" year="1934">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FF35FF1EFF2AF8396455CCFF" box="[186,278,1950,1976]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bedford" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Bedford</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1934)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see note below
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF35FF1EFF07F865640BCC9B" blockId="220.[151,1437,1590,2012]" box="[151,328,1986,2012]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF35FF1EFF07F865640BCC9B" bold="true" box="[151,328,1986,2012]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Redescriptions</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FF3166C8CB93" blockId="221.[151,1437,150,500]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FF3165F8CBF7" bold="true" box="[151,187,150,176]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">M:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF53FF30642CCBF7" author="Zumpt, F." box="[195,367,150,177]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="479 - 500" refId="ref257172" refString="Zumpt, F. (1942 c) Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischer Rhipicephalusarten. V. Vorstudie zu einer Revision der Gattung Rhipicephalus Koch. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 12, 479 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02121659" type="journal article" year="1942">Zumpt (1942c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFEEBFF31676CCBF6" author="Theiler, G." box="[379,559,150,177]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref250526" refString="Theiler, G. (1943 b) Notes on the ticks of domestic stock from Portuguese East Africa. Estacao Antimalaria, Lourenco Marques, 55 pp." type="book" year="1943">Theiler (1943b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFDACFF31665BCBF6" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[572,792,150,177]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref207749" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050.29. 07. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Elbl and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFC1AFF316105CBF6" author="Anastos, G." box="[906,1094,150,177]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 555" refId="ref197602" refString="Elbl, A. & Anastos, G. (1966 c) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume III. Genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de l' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique, 147, 1 - 555." type="journal article" year="1966">Anastos (1966c)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFBC3FF3160D4CBF7" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." box="[1107,1431,150,176]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref229829" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse and Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF07FF1D6438CB93" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[151,379,186,212]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF7EFF1C6464CB93" box="[238,295,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Walker, A.R.
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD8DFF1C6716CB93" box="[541,597,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFD24FF1D66C8CB93" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[692,907,186,212]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Horak
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFC91FF1C6679CB93" box="[769,826,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FF7966C8CA5B" blockId="221.[151,1437,150,500]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FF7965F1CBBF" bold="true" box="[151,178,222,248]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">F:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2AFF786424CBBF" author="Zumpt, F." box="[186,359,222,249]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="479 - 500" refId="ref257172" refString="Zumpt, F. (1942 c) Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischer Rhipicephalusarten. V. Vorstudie zu einer Revision der Gattung Rhipicephalus Koch. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 12, 479 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02121659" type="journal article" year="1942">Zumpt (1942c)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFEE4FF79676BCBBE" author="Theiler, G." box="[372,552,222,249]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref250526" refString="Theiler, G. (1943 b) Notes on the ticks of domestic stock from Portuguese East Africa. Estacao Antimalaria, Lourenco Marques, 55 pp." type="book" year="1943">Theiler (1943b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFDA6FF796650CBBE" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[566,787,222,249]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref207749" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050.29. 07. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Elbl and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFC17FF796100CBBE" author="Anastos, G." box="[903,1091,222,249]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 555" refId="ref197602" refString="Elbl, A. & Anastos, G. (1966 c) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume III. Genus Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844. Annales du Musee Royal de l' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologique, 147, 1 - 555." type="journal article" year="1966">Anastos (1966c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFBC1FF7960D4CBBF" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." box="[1105,1431,222,248]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref229829" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse and Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF07FEA56438CA5B" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[151,379,258,284]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF7EFEA46464CA5B" box="[238,295,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Walker, A.R.
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD8DFEA46716CA5B" box="[541,597,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFD24FEA566C8CA5B" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[692,907,258,284]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Horak
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFC91FEA46679CA5B" box="[769,826,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FE816652CA07" blockId="221.[151,1437,150,500]" box="[151,785,294,321]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FE8165F6CA07" bold="true" box="[151,181,294,320]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">N:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2BFE81642DCA06" author="Theiler, G." box="[187,366,294,321]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref250526" refString="Theiler, G. (1943 b) Notes on the ticks of domestic stock from Portuguese East Africa. Estacao Antimalaria, Lourenco Marques, 55 pp." type="book" year="1943">Theiler (1943b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFEE8FE816766CA06" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[376,549,294,321]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="423 - 431" refId="ref184208" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1975 b) The nymphs of some ixodid ticks (Acarina) from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 64, 423 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530000609 X" type="journal article" year="1975">Arthur (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFDA0FE816652CA07" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[560,785,294,320]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD17FE8067FCCA07" box="[647,703,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FEED664DCA23" blockId="221.[151,1437,150,500]" box="[151,782,330,357]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FEED65F0CA23" bold="true" box="[151,179,330,356]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">L:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2AFEED642FCA22" author="Theiler, G." box="[186,364,330,357]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref250526" refString="Theiler, G. (1943 b) Notes on the ticks of domestic stock from Portuguese East Africa. Estacao Antimalaria, Lourenco Marques, 55 pp." type="book" year="1943">Theiler (1943b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFEE7FEED6762CA22" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[375,545,330,357]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="405 - 421" refId="ref184158" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1975 a) The larvae of some ixodid ticks (Acarina) from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 64, 405 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300006088" type="journal article" year="1975">Arthur (1975a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFDBDFEED664DCA23" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[557,782,330,356]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Walker
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD14FEEC67FFCA23" box="[644,700,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FEC965AACAB3" blockId="221.[151,1437,150,500]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FEC9659BCACF" bold="true" box="[151,216,366,392]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
the first description of the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFDE9FEC9662DCACF" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1897" box="[633,878,366,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFDE9FEC9662DCACF" box="[633,878,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus evertsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFC23FEC96120CACF" author="Howard, C. W." box="[947,1123,366,392]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="73 - 169" refId="ref215418" refString="Howard, C. W. (1908) A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the forms known. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 1, 73 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84612" type="journal article" year="1908">Howard (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFB0EFEC96012CACE" author="Theiler, G." box="[1182,1361,366,393]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref250526" refString="Theiler, G. (1943 b) Notes on the ticks of domestic stock from Portuguese East Africa. Estacao Antimalaria, Lourenco Marques, 55 pp." type="book" year="1943">Theiler (1943b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found disagreement between Howard’s text and figure, and his description therefore is not included in the above list. Guglielmone
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFEA0FE10642BCA97" box="[304,360,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014) hypothesized that more than one species may be included under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFB6CFE1165AACAB3" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFB6CFE1165A6CAB3" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evertsi">Rhipicephalus evertsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |