277 lines
32 KiB
XML
277 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="8595771D131A329F32675A8963E7EDB9">
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<mods:title id="B8E190367E98B0ED938A8657D694737D">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A79EF5BFFB53FF05F8A71E17D3EB7B52">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2FBC5D49B88C92E0ADB54D26A00AD7DF">Petney, Trevor N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BABFB0694E8F29E9D08D01714665679B">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4EC67924EB283F9D079D73089DBFE443">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6DF1F99186B0E0B2D90D64341C4F12BD">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C04787D4FF34FF1FFF07FD85611ACF83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4582258" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179990373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4582258" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C04787D4FF34FF1FFF07FD85611ACF83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04787D4FF34FF1FFF07FD85611ACF83" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF34FF1FFF07FD8561C0C97A" box="[151,1155,546,573]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FD8561C0C97A" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,1155,546,573]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FD8565F9C97B" bold="true" box="[151,186,546,572]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFF57FD85613DC97A" ID-CoL="6WTHV" authority="Keirans and Walker, 1993 in Keirans et al. (1993 b)" box="[199,1150,546,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exophthalmos">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF57FD856759C97A" bold="true" box="[199,538,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus exophthalmos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFDB4FD856612C97B" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[548,849,546,572]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Keirans and Walker,
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFCEBFD85613DC97A" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[891,1150,546,573]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Keirans
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFC4DFD84615AC97B" box="[989,1049,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
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(1993b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF34FF1FFB1BFD856669C853" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFB1BFD856669C853" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
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An Afrotropical species whose adults are usually found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFD8EFDE167ECC927" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[542,687,582,608]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFD29FDE1665AC927" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[697,793,582,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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, while larvae and nymphs are commonly recovered from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFF07FDCD6468C9C3" box="[151,299,618,644]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Lagomorpha</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFEA5FDCD64EAC9C3" box="[309,425,618,644]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leporidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFE74FDCD67CFC9C3" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1956" box="[484,652,618,644]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Macroscelidea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFD06FDCD6610C9C3" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[662,851,618,644]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macroscelididae</taxonomicName>
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. All parasitic stages have been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFAC9FDCC65B2C9EF" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Lagomorpha</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFF6EFD296430C9EF" box="[254,371,654,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leporidae</taxonomicName>
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; adults alone have been found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFD6CFD2966CEC9EF" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[764,909,654,680]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFC09FD2966B5C9EF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[921,1014,654,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFBA1FD2961C3C9EF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1073,1152,654,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Suidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFB1EFD296041C9EF" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1166,1282,654,680]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFA9FFD296028C9EF" box="[1295,1387,654,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Canidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFF07FD1565AFC98B" box="[151,236,690,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFEBAFD156493C98B" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[298,464,690,716]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perissodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFE4DFD15677FC98B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[477,572,690,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Equidae</taxonomicName>
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; nymphs and larvae have been taken from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFBB8FD156193C98B" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1956" box="[1064,1232,690,716]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Macroscelidea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFB4CFD1560DBC98B" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[1244,1432,690,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macroscelididae</taxonomicName>
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, and larvae alone from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFE03FD71675EC9B7" box="[403,541,726,752]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Galliformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFDB7FD7167EEC9B7" box="[551,685,726,752]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phasianidae</taxonomicName>
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(Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFCC6FD7066CCC9B7" box="[854,911,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
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2014,
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFC4BFD7161E7C9B7" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[987,1188,726,752]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFBB8FD706123C9B7" box="[1064,1120,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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). There are no records of
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFF26FD5D64BAC853" box="[182,505,762,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exophthalmos">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF26FD5D64BAC853" box="[182,505,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus exophthalmos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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causing human parasitism.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF34FF1FFF07FCB9611ACF83" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FCB965A1C81B" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FCB965F8C87F" bold="true" box="[151,187,798,824]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF55FCB86425C87E" author="Zumpt, F." box="[197,358,798,825]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="57 - 169" refId="ref257359" refString="Zumpt, F. (1950) Preliminary study to a revision of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch. Key to the adult ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus and description of two new species. Mocambique, 60, 57 - 169. [this paper is usually cited as having been published in 1949]" type="journal article" year="1950">Zumpt (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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, under the name
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFDA0FCB9667AC87F" box="[560,825,798,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFDA0FCB9667AC87F" box="[560,825,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as explained in
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFB91FCB961BDC87E" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[1025,1278,798,825]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Keirans
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFBF1FCB861DFC87F" box="[1121,1180,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
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(1993b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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citing Zumpt (1949)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FCC165A1C8E3" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
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|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FCC165F1C8C7" bold="true" box="[151,178,870,896]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">F:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2CFCC0641DC8C6" author="Zumpt, F." box="[188,350,870,897]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="57 - 169" refId="ref257359" refString="Zumpt, F. (1950) Preliminary study to a revision of the genus Rhipicephalus Koch. Key to the adult ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus and description of two new species. Mocambique, 60, 57 - 169. [this paper is usually cited as having been published in 1949]" type="journal article" year="1950">Zumpt (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFDBAFCC16677C8C7" box="[554,820,870,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFDBAFCC16677C8C7" box="[554,820,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as explained in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFC6EFCC161BEC8C6" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[1022,1277,870,897]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|
Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFBCFFCC061D8C8C7" box="[1119,1179,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1993b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
citing Zumpt (1949)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FC09640BCF57" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FC0965F6C88F" bold="true" box="[151,181,942,968]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">N:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2CFC096741C88E" author="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N." box="[188,514,942,969]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="93 - 136" refId="ref250861" refString="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N. (1953) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VII. Six lesser known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 26, 93 - 136." type="journal article" year="1953">Theiler and Robinson (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFD52FC09668BC88F" box="[706,968,942,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD52FC09668BC88F" box="[706,968,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as explained in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFB15FC096039C88E" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[1157,1402,942,969]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|
Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFB73FC086058C88F" box="[1251,1307,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1993b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FC7565F0C8AB" bold="true" box="[151,179,978,1004]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">L:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2AFC7564BDC8AA" author="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N." box="[186,510,978,1005]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="93 - 136" refId="ref250861" refString="Theiler, G. & Robinson, B. N. (1953) Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part VII. Six lesser known African rhipicephalids. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 26, 93 - 136." type="journal article" year="1953">Theiler and Robinson (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
under the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFD29FC7566FCC8AB" box="[697,959,978,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD29FC7566FCC8AB" box="[697,959,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as explained in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFBECFC756031C8AA" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[1148,1394,978,1005]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|
Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFB4AFC746051C8AB" box="[1242,1298,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1993b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FC51640BCF57" bold="true" box="[151,328,1014,1040]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Redescriptions</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FBBD66C8CF73" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,907,1050,1077]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FBBD65F8CF73" bold="true" box="[151,187,1050,1076]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">M:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF52FBBD64F9CF72" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[194,442,1050,1077]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|
Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFEB0FBBC641BCF73" box="[288,344,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1993b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFE55FBBD67EBCF73" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[453,680,1050,1076]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD8CFBBC6716CF73" box="[540,597,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFD24FBBD66C8CF73" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[692,907,1050,1076]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFC91FBBC667ACF73" box="[769,825,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FB9966C2CF1F" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,897,1086,1113]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FB9965F1CF1F" bold="true" box="[151,178,1086,1112]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">F:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF29FB9964F3CF1E" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[185,432,1086,1113]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|
Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFE87FB98640CCF1F" box="[279,335,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1993b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFE2CFB9967DCCF1F" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[444,671,1086,1112]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD83FB986708CF1F" box="[531,587,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFD3BFB9966C2CF1F" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[683,897,1086,1112]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD68FB986673CF1F" box="[760,816,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FBC567E3CF3B" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,672,1122,1149]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FBC565F6CF3B" bold="true" box="[151,181,1122,1148]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">N:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2CFBC564F7CF3A" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[188,436,1122,1149]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|
Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFE8AFBC46411CF3B" box="[282,338,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1993b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFE2FFBC567E3CF3B" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[447,672,1122,1148]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD86FBC4670DCF3B" box="[534,590,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FB2167DDCFE7" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,670,1158,1185]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FB2165F0CFE7" bold="true" box="[151,179,1158,1184]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">L:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFF2AFB2164F1CFE6" author="Keirans, J. E. & Walker, J. B. & Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H." box="[186,434,1158,1185]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" pagination="229 - 246" refId="ref219291" refString="Keirans, J. E., Walker, J. B., Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. (1993 b) Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. n., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60, 229 - 246." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
|
Keirans
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFE88FB206412CFE7" box="[280,337,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1993b)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF34FF1FFE2DFB2167DDCFE7" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[445,670,1158,1184]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
|
|
Walker
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFD85FB20670ECFE7" box="[533,589,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2000)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="485136C2FF34FF1FFF07FB0D611ACF83" blockId="221.[151,1437,546,1221]" box="[151,1113,1194,1221]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFF07FB0D659BCF83" bold="true" box="[151,216,1194,1220]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Note:</emphasis>
|
|
see
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFE9AFB0D6753CF83" box="[266,528,1194,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFE9AFB0D6753CF83" box="[266,528,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Rhipicephalus oculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for its confusion with
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF34FF1FFC9FFB0D611ACF83" box="[783,1113,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF34FF1FFC9FFB0D6116CF83" box="[783,1109,1194,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exophthalmos">Rhipicephalus exophthalmos</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |