222 lines
24 KiB
XML
222 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2B2431AD879CA7125F77BE98D5DDCFA7">Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AED0F68D2678666EFEA61E06CCF68B3E">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40746120D06FFDC0FD9B1E5503C76BB0">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8A65BFCECB992C9174DF2163AEC5D157">2020</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF06FF2DFF07F8396170CCFF" box="[151,1075,1950,1977]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFF07F8396170CCFF" blockId="239.[151,1437,1950,2013]" box="[151,1075,1950,1977]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF07F83965F9CCFF" bold="true" box="[151,186,1950,1976]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">82.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFF57F839616CCCFF" ID-CoL="6X5HN" authority="Walker and Horak, 2000 in Walker et al. (2000)" box="[199,1071,1950,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warburtoni">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFF57F83964BBCCFE" bold="true" box="[199,504,1950,1977]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Rhipicephalus warburtoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFD92F839665FCCFF" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[514,796,1950,1976]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker and Horak,
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</bibRefCitation>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF06FF2DFCD4F839616CCCFF" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[836,1071,1950,1976]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF06FF2DFC0DF838669BCCFF" box="[925,984,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF06FF2DFBACF83960DECC9B" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF06FF2DFBACF83960DECC9B" blockId="239.[151,1437,1950,2013]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">
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An Afrotropical species whose adults are usually found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFE42F8656720CC9B" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[466,611,1986,2012]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFDFEF865678CCC9B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[622,719,1986,2012]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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; larvae and nymphs are usually recovered from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF06FF2DFB61F86560DACC9B" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1956" box="[1265,1433,1986,2012]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Macroscelidea</taxonomicName>
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:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00F46549FF19FF32FF07FF30617BC98B" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" type="description">
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FF30662FCA06" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FF07FF306417CBF6" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,340,151,177]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macroscelididae</taxonomicName>
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. Adults, nymphs and larvae have been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FC2CFF306113CBF6" box="[956,1104,151,177]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Lagomorpha</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FBCBFF306193CBF6" box="[1115,1232,151,177]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leporidae</taxonomicName>
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; adults and larvae have been taken from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FE04FF1C674BCB92" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[404,520,187,213]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FD84FF1C6729CB92" box="[532,618,187,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Felidae</taxonomicName>
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; adult ticks alone have been found on
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FB8CFF1C61EECB92" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[1052,1197,187,213]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FB28FF1C605BCB92" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1208,1304,187,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FAB4FF1C60DBCB92" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[1316,1432,187,213]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FF07FF7865B5CBBE" box="[151,246,223,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Canidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FEA2FF78649BCBBE" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1848" box="[306,472,223,249]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Perissodactyla</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FE74FF786700CBBE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[484,579,223,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Equidae</taxonomicName>
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; larvae and nymphs have been taken from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FBB9FF786192CBBE" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1956" box="[1065,1233,223,249]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Macroscelidea</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FB4CFF7860DBCBBE" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[1244,1432,223,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macroscelididae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FF07FEA46442CA5A" box="[151,257,259,285]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FE9CFEA4642DCA5A" box="[268,366,259,285]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Muridae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FE3BFEA4670ECA5A" box="[427,589,259,285]" class="Aves" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Passeriformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FDC7FEA4678DCA5A" box="[599,718,259,285]" class="Aves" family="Alaudidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Alaudidae</taxonomicName>
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; and nymphs alone have been collected from
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FB48FEA46001CA5A" box="[1240,1346,259,285]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FADDFEA46582CA06" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Pedetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pedetidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FF5CFE8064B2CA06" box="[204,497,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warburtoni">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF5CFE8064B2CA06" box="[204,497,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Rhipicephalus warburtoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a very rare parasite of humans.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FEEC64E0CA22" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,419,331,357]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FEEC65F8CA22" bold="true" box="[151,187,331,357]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FF52FEEC64E0CA22" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[194,419,331,357]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FE89FEEC6412CA22" box="[281,337,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FEC864D9CACE" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,410,367,393]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FEC865F1CACE" bold="true" box="[151,178,367,393]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FF29FEC864D9CACE" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[185,410,367,393]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FE80FEC8640BCACE" box="[272,328,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FE3464DECAEA" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,413,403,429]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FE3465F6CAEA" bold="true" box="[151,181,403,429]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">N:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FF2CFE3464DECAEA" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[188,413,403,429]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FE83FE346408CAEA" box="[275,331,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FE1064D8CA96" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,411,439,465]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FE1065F0CA96" bold="true" box="[151,179,439,465]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">L:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FF2AFE1064D8CA96" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[186,411,439,465]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FE81FE106409CA96" box="[273,330,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
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(2000)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FE7D640BCAB3" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,328,474,500]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FE7D640BCAB3" bold="true" box="[151,328,474,500]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Redescriptions</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FE5864DAC95E" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,409,511,537]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FE5865F8C95E" bold="true" box="[151,187,511,537]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">M:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FF52FE5864DAC95E" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[194,409,511,537]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FE9FFE586404C95E" box="[271,327,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FD8464CCC97A" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,399,547,573]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FD8465F1C97A" bold="true" box="[151,178,547,573]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">F:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FF29FD8464CCC97A" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[185,399,547,573]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FE96FD84647DC97A" box="[262,318,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FDE065B1C926" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,242,583,609]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FDE065F6C926" bold="true" box="[151,181,583,609]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">N:</emphasis>
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none
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FDCC65B3C9C2" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[151,240,619,645]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FDCC65F0C9C2" bold="true" box="[151,179,619,645]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">L:</emphasis>
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none
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="485136C2FF19FF32FF07FD28617BC98B" blockId="240.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FF07FD28659BC9EE" bold="true" box="[151,216,655,681]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Note:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FF70FD286480C9EE" author="Walker, J. B. & Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G." box="[224,451,655,681]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref254360" refString="Walker, J. B., Keirans, J. E. & Horak, I. G. (2000) The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae): a guide to the brown ticks of the world. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 643 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / CBO 9780511661754" type="book" year="2000">
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Walker
|
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<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FEA8FD286432C9EE" box="[312,369,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
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|
(2000)
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2C7F4B33FF19FF32FE6AFD286790C9EE" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[506,723,655,681]" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" refId="ref214046" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
|
Horak
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FDD8FD2867C2C9EE" box="[584,641,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
state that prior to the description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FBFFFD2860D6C9EE" box="[1135,1429,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warburtoni">
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FBFFFD2860D6C9EE" box="[1135,1429,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">Rhipicephalus warburtoni</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
, this species was confused with related tick species.
|
|
<collectingRegion id="8A2AF820FF19FF32FD49FD146642C98A" box="[729,769,691,717]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">See</collectingRegion>
|
|
also
|
|
<emphasis id="7A9AEAD0FF19FF32FCACFD14617BC98B" box="[828,1080,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="240" pageNumber="241">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FEE4D41FF19FF32FCACFD146177C98B" authorityName="in Theiler and Robinson" authorityYear="1953" box="[828,1076,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Rhipicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="240" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravus">Rhipicephalus pravus</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document> |