258 lines
27 KiB
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258 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2533fb03-8305-441c-afaa-277a966e0842" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162250523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FC89C2622CA45799BF47DEC92404BBD5" ID-ZooBank="24D3ACCCAD2B47269E01908549F3E54A" ModsDocID="1860-1324-1-13" checkinTime="1582344283713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew, Altenhofer, Ewald, Netzberger, Romana & Prous, Marko" docDate="2020" docId="8F457FFF5AD05B6F8400054D1DDC43EA" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 67(1): 13-18" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741" docTitle="Tenthredo propinqua" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FC89C2622CA45799BF47DEC92404BBD5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FC89C2622CA45799BF47DEC92404BBD5" masterDocTitle="Biology of two European Tenthredo species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) feeding on Gentiana" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1643447927087" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biology of two European Tenthredo species (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) feeding on Gentiana</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Altenhofer, Ewald</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Netzberger, Romana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>67</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.49741</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">24D3ACCCAD2B47269E01908549F3E54A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FC89C2622CA45799BF47DEC92404BBD5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162250523" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F457FFF5AD05B6F8400054D1DDC43EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F457FFF5AD05B6F8400054D1DDC43EA" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8F457FFF-5AD0-5B6F-8400-054D1DDC43EA" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqua">Tenthredo propinqua</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 3-5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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A mitochondrial CO1 sequence from one larva (DEI-GISHym12639) corresponded closely (maximum divergence 0.5%) with sequences from
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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imagines (DEI-GISHym20102, DEI-GISHym20103, DEI-GISHym20104, DEI-GISHym20105, DEI-GISHym17738). Nuclear sequences (NaK and POL2) are available only for the specimen sequenced here (DEI-GISHym12639). The sequenced plastid trnL-trnF region (816 bp) from the larval DNA extract confirmed
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the host. The closest (99-100% similarity) according to NCBI BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) were four species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, among them
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. asclepiadea" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G. asclepiadea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A shorter
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<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. asclepiadea" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G. asclepiadea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sequence in GenBank (accession AB453085, 387 bp) was identical to our sequence, while a longer one (AJ580515) differed by three substitutions and one deletion over the length of 781 bp (because of apparently numerous sequencing errors at the 3′ end of AJ580515, 21 bp of that sequence were excluded from the comparison).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana asclepiadea" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana asclepiadea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the first recorded host plant of the hitherto unknown larva of
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is a close relative of
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758. These species have long been known to strongly resemble each other in the morphology of their imagines, but they are distinguishable using some colour characters (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019120209" author="Enslin, E" journalOrPublisher="Korrespondenzblatt des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B5" refString="Enslin, E, 1912. Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift [1912](Beiheft 1): 1-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019120209" title="Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift [1912] (Beiheft 1): 1 - 98." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019120209" year="1912">Enslin 1912</bibRefCitation>
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). Their larvae are also closely similar in general appearance (see the description of a
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larva by
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<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 389" refId="B11" refString="Lorenz, H, Kraus, M, 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten 1: 1 - 389" title="Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea)." volume="1" year="1957">Lorenz and Kraus 1957</bibRefCitation>
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and below). However,
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a very different host plant spectrum, which consists mainly of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scrophularia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Scrophularia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Verbascum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Verbascum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, but sometimes
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Buddleja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Buddleja" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Buddleja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Muche, WH" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination=": 24" refId="B14" refString="Muche, WH, 1962. Neue Wirtspflanze fuer Allantus scrophulariae L. Entomologische Nachrichten 6 (2): 24" title="Neue Wirtspflanze fuer Allantus scrophulariae L." volume="6" year="1962">Muche 1962</bibRefCitation>
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), all of which belong to the
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Buddleja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Scrophulariaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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Differences in the pattern of black markings may enable
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae to be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but a larger number of
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae should be checked, to confirm that the differences are consistent. In
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, each of the medio-dorsal black spots on the abdominal segments occupies only the width of single annulet (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4</figureCitation>
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), whereas in
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, these spots occupy parts or the whole width of two annulets (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</figureCitation>
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). The position of the corresponding spots on the thorax is, however, similar in both species. At least in the later instars of
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae, the position of these markings is thought to be stable: compare Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6</figureCitation>
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(half-grown) with Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7</figureCitation>
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(nearly full-grown). After each moult, the integument of the larvae of both species temporarily lacks the covering of white wax and has a greenish ground colour. The head colour pattern of
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<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 7. Larvae of Tenthredo propinqua and scrophulariae. 3 - 5. Tenthredo propinqua, from Gentiana asclepiadea. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet; 3. Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved); 4. Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019); 5. Head, preserved in ethanol. 6, 7. Tenthredo scrophulariae larvae, on Scrophularia species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part; 6. Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007); 7. Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (3, 5), E. Altenhofer (4), H. Savina (6, 7)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5</figureCitation>
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) is the same as described by
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 389" refId="B11" refString="Lorenz, H, Kraus, M, 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten 1: 1 - 389" title="Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea)." volume="1" year="1957">Lorenz and Kraus (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In practice, the identity of their host plant should be sufficient to distinguish larvae of these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The feeding habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. atra" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e. irregularly shaped parts of the leaf-blade are consumed from the edge. But, unlike for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. atra" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="atra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. atra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we did not observe feeding on the inflorescences by
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. propinqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The largest full-grown larvae are 22-25mm long, which is about the same as given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 389" refId="B11" refString="Lorenz, H, Kraus, M, 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten 1: 1 - 389" title="Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen (Tenthredinoidea und Megalodontoidea)." volume="1" year="1957">Lorenz and Kraus (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. scrophulariae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">T. scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.67.49741.figures3-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382973" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 3–7" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 3-7.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="scrophulariae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3-5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo propinqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinqua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo propinqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana asclepiadea" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asclepiadea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Gentiana asclepiadea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen occupy the width of a single annulet;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved in ethanol (wax dissolved);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Alive, with wax coating (photographed on 11.09.2019);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, preserved in ethanol.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6, 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo scrophulariae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrophulariae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tenthredo scrophulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Scrophularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scrophularia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Scrophularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Arrows indicate some of the black dorso-median markings, which on the abdomen extend across two annulets at least in part;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Half-grown (photographed on 08.09.2007);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Nearly full-grown (photographed on 30.09.2007). Photos: A. Liston (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3, 5</emphasis>
|
||
), E. Altenhofer (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4</emphasis>
|
||
), H. Savina (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">6, 7</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |