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<document id="666E5BE02BEF85E42A4B406B72E5E82B" ID-CLB-Dataset="21907" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.390" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839858" ID-ZooBank="4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590155668479" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max" docDate="2017" docId="8878B758BA7B9F274E2F2106FE6AFBE4" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-390.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dendrina Quenstedt 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="7441CF20BA769F284C53200DFFF9FFC3" masterDocTitle="Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698840949990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5B31EAC4F7D038996DC58599453E86AC">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="4A6384891D70B33E309E366265EAE59C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="61ABCF63D02D506A49C9D19E0882D00A">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA7B9F274E2F2106FE6AFBE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853733" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA7B9F274E2F2106FE6AFBE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA7B9F274E2F2106FE6AFBE4" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA7B9F254E2F2106FC41FEE6" box="[636,952,267,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254E2F2106FC41FEE6" blockId="13.[636,952,267,294]" box="[636,952,267,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="5B26B122BA7B9F254E2F2106FC41FEE6" box="[636,952,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E2F2106FC41FEE6" authority="Quenstedt, 1849" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[636,952,267,294]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E2F2106FD09FEE5" bold="true" box="[636,752,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254EA42106FC41FEE6" author="Quenstedt" box="[759,952,267,293]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA7B9F254CEE2148FE08FBDB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA7B9F254CEE2148FDA9FE6D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE2148FE64FE9C" blockId="13.[189,1398,325,430]" box="[189,413,325,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="5B26B122BA7B9F254CEE2148FE64FE9C" bold="true" box="[189,413,325,351]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE2148FE64FE9C" bold="true" box="[189,413,325,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA7B9F254CEE2148FF03FE9C" box="[189,250,325,351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE217DFDA9FE6D" blockId="13.[189,1398,325,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254CEE217DFDCAFE48" authority="Morris, 1851" authorityName="in Morris" authorityYear="1851" box="[189,563,368,395]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE217DFE72FE49" box="[189,395,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Talpina dendrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254DC5217DFDCAFE48" author="Morris" box="[406,563,368,395]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">Morris, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254ED6217DFBDEFE48" authority="dendrina (Morris, 1851)" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" box="[645,1063,368,395]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254ED6217DFC92FE49" box="[645,875,368,394]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina dendrina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254F2D217DFBE7FE48" author="Morris" box="[894,1054,368,395]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">Morris, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA7B9F254861217DFB41FE49" box="[1074,1208,368,394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) by subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254D23219EFDB5FE6D" author="Hantzschel" box="[368,588,403,430]" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">
Häntzschel (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254E50219EFDBAFE6D" box="[515,579,403,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1962">1962</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA7B9F254CEE21C0FE67FCC0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE21C0FE5BFE24" blockId="13.[189,418,461,530]" box="[189,418,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="5B26B122BA7B9F254CEE21C0FE5BFE24" bold="true" box="[189,418,461,487]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE21C0FE5BFE24" bold="true" box="[189,418,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE21F5FF19FDD1" blockId="13.[189,418,461,530]" box="[189,224,504,530]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n/a</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE223FFE56FD88" blockId="13.[189,1399,561,771]" box="[189,431,561,588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="5B26B122BA7B9F254CEE223FFE56FD88" bold="true" box="[189,431,561,588]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE223FFE56FD88" bold="true" box="[189,431,561,588]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE2251FE67FCC0" blockId="13.[189,1399,561,771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rosetted boring system, developed closely parallel to surface of calcareous skeletal substrates, with a circular to irregular outline, originating from a single point at the end of a tubular inlet tunnel. Individual galleries vary in width at constant height, ramify and may anastomose or fuse to form a flat central cavity. Fine galleries connect the rosette with the substrate surface, preferentially towards the rounded distal terminations.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA7B9F254CEE232EFE08FBDB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE232EFE43FCFE" blockId="13.[189,1399,803,1048]" box="[189,442,803,829]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="5B26B122BA7B9F254CEE232EFE43FCFE" bold="true" box="[189,442,803,829]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE232EFE43FCFE" bold="true" box="[189,442,803,829]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Original description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE2343FE08FBDB" blockId="13.[189,1399,803,1048]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The other group, one may call it
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E082343FD32FCAB" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[603,715,846,872]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E082343FD32FCAB" box="[603,715,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[…], based on its dendritic ramifications, is even more enigmatic, since an entrance can certainly not be found. They are not quite tubes, but merely flattened ramifications, located closely below the surface, not rarely penetrated by Talpinians, and here and there unroofed, in the latter case leaving a rough shallow depression. The figured specimen […] stems from the chalk of
<collectingRegion id="C215C8ACBA7B9F254DDD23D6FE1FFC36" box="[398,486,987,1013]" country="United Kingdom" name="Antrim" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antrim</collectingRegion>
, and shows circular, more ramified, as well as unspecified patchy individuals. [Translated from German]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA7B9F274CEE2435FE6AFBE4" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE2435FED6FB91" blockId="13.[189,1399,1080,1501]" box="[189,303,1080,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="5B26B122BA7B9F254CEE2435FED6FB91" bold="true" box="[189,303,1080,1106]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE2435FED6FB91" bold="true" box="[189,303,1080,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F254CEE246FFBF9FA1E" blockId="13.[189,1399,1080,1501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Friedrich
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254D63246EFDD0FBBE" author="Hagenow F. von" box="[304,553,1123,1149]" firstAuthor="von Hagenow" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="630 - 672" refId="ref51211" refString="Hagenow F. von 1840. Monographie der Rugen'schen Kreide-Versteinerungen, II. Abtheilung: Radiarien und Annulaten. Nebst Nachtragen zur ersten Abtheilung. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1840: 630 - 672." type="journal article" year="1840">
von
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254D30246EFDD0FBBE" author="Hagenow" box="[355,553,1123,1149]" firstAuthor="Hagenow" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="630 - 672" refId="ref51211" refString="Hagenow F. von 1840. Monographie der Rugen'schen Kreide-Versteinerungen, II. Abtheilung: Radiarien und Annulaten. Nebst Nachtragen zur ersten Abtheilung. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1840: 630 - 672." type="journal article" year="1840">
Hagenow (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254DB0246EFDD9FBBE" box="[483,544,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1840">1840</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
was the first who tackled the conspicuous bioerosion trace fossils in the Upper Cretaceous belemnite rostra from the Isle of Rügen,
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA7B9F254FD9248BFC01FB63" box="[906,1016,1158,1184]" name="Germany" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Germany</collectingCountry>
, by establishing the ichnogenus
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254CEE24A4FEEFFB00" authorityName="von Hagenow" authorityYear="1840" box="[189,278,1193,1219]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE24A4FEEFFB00" box="[189,278,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Talpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with two ichnospecies,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E6B24A7FD56FB00" box="[568,687,1194,1219]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E6B24A7FD56FB00" box="[568,687,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254EBF24A7FC97FB00" box="[748,878,1193,1219]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254EBF24A7FC97FB00" box="[748,878,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He also recognised the two most common dendrinids and named them
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E4D24C0FD66FB25" box="[542,671,1228,1254]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E4D24C0FD66FB25" box="[542,671,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254EB124C0FC7EFB25" box="[738,903,1228,1254]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sentiformis">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254EB124C0FC7EFB25" box="[738,903,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. sentiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, it appears that he never formally published and figured these two latter ichnospecies, rendering them
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F25483124FDFB06FACA" box="[1122,1279,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">nomina nuda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F25494224E2FEB9FAEE" author="Wisshak" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref55318" refString="Wisshak M., Neumann C., Knaust D. &amp; Reich M. 2017. Rediscovery of type material of the bioerosional trace fossil Talpina von Hagenow, 1840 and its ichnotaxonomical implications. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 91: 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 017 - 0335 - y" type="journal article" year="2017">
Wisshak
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE251EFF01FAEF" box="[189,248,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254D53251EFEB9FAEE" box="[256,320,1299,1325]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017">2017</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). The two names only made their way into the literature
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254F8F251EFBF9FAEF" box="[988,1024,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">via</emphasis>
citation as “in litt.” (= personal communication) in
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254DCC253BFD45FA93" author="Geinitz" box="[415,700,1334,1360]" firstAuthor="Geinitz" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref50818" refString="Geinitz H. - B. 1849. Das Quadersandsteingebirge oder Kreidegebirge in Deutschland. Craz &amp; Gerlach, Freiberg." type="book" year="1849">
Geinitz (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254E50253BFDBAFA93" box="[515,579,1334,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1849">1849</date>
: 108–109)
</bibRefCitation>
and by indirect reference in
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254851253BFB06FA93" author="Muller" box="[1026,1279,1333,1360]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52364" refString="Muller J. 1851. Monographie der Petrefacten der Aachener Kreideformation. Henry &amp; Cohen, Bonn." type="book" year="1851">
Müller (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F2548332538FB59FA93" box="[1120,1184,1333,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1851">1851</date>
: 59–60)
</bibRefCitation>
. Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254CEE2554FE3CFAB0" author="Wisshak" box="[189,453,1369,1395]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wisshak" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref55318" refString="Wisshak M., Neumann C., Knaust D. &amp; Reich M. 2017. Rediscovery of type material of the bioerosional trace fossil Talpina von Hagenow, 1840 and its ichnotaxonomical implications. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 91: 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 017 - 0335 - y" type="journal article" year="2017">
Wisshak
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254D7F2557FE95FAB0" box="[300,364,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
(
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254D2C2554FE44FAB0" box="[383,445,1369,1395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2017">2017</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
rediscovered
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA7B9F254E202554FD23FAB0" box="[627,730,1369,1395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of all four of von Hagenow’s
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F2548092554FB4AFAB0" authorityName="von Hagenow" authorityYear="1840" box="[1114,1203,1369,1395]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F2548092554FB4AFAB0" box="[1114,1203,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Talpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ichnospecies in collections of the Museum für Naturkunde
<collectingRegion id="C215C8ACBA7B9F254E8E2571FCDFFA55" box="[733,806,1404,1430]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Berlin</collectingRegion>
and the Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden (both
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA7B9F254D502592FE8CFA7A" box="[259,373,1439,1465]" name="Germany" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Germany</collectingCountry>
), allowing identification of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254EEE25ADFCC0FA7A" box="[701,825,1439,1465]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254EEE25ADFCC0FA7A" box="[701,825,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254F312592FB82FA7A" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[866,1147,1439,1465]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254F312592FB82FA7A" box="[866,1147,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F2548E625ADFAACFA7A" box="[1205,1365,1439,1465]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sentiformis">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F2548E625ADFAACFA7A" box="[1205,1365,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. sentiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254CEE25CFFE44FA1F" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,445,1474,1500]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE25CFFE44FA1F" box="[189,445,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Calcideletrix flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both formally established by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254F7125CFFC05FA1E" author="Magdefrau" box="[802,1020,1474,1501]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">
Mägdefrau (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254FE025CEFC0AFA1E" box="[947,1011,1475,1501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1937">1937</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA7B9F264CEE25F1FBB5FC5C" blockId="13.[189,1399,1532,2017]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,267,928]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The first description and illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254ECF25F1FCF5F9D5" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[668,780,1532,1558]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254ECF25F1FCF5F9D5" box="[668,780,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were provided by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254FBD25F1FB4EF9D5" author="Quenstedt" box="[1006,1207,1532,1558]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">
Quenstedt (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F25482425F1FB4EF9D5" box="[1143,1207,1532,1558]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1849">1849</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 30, figs 36– 37) whose figures show one belemnite guard (
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E8D262DFC16F9FA" box="[734,1007,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Belemnites mucronatus</emphasis>
Schlotheim,
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F2548DF262DFB31F9F9" box="[1164,1224,1568,1594]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1813">1813</date>
) with multiple bioerosion traces specified as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E48264EFD2AF99E" box="[539,723,1603,1629]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E48264EFD2AF99E" box="[539,723,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Talpina ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254F5F264EFC85F99E" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[780,892,1603,1629]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254F5F264EFC85F99E" box="[780,892,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA7B9F254FDF264EFC17F99E" box="[908,1006,1603,1629]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA7B9F254FA9264EFBD8F99E" box="[1018,1057,1603,1629]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3A</figureCitation>
), and another belemnite with
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254CEE266AFDF0F943" authority="Quenstedt" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[189,521,1638,1664]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pungens">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE266AFEC4F943" box="[189,317,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. pungens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254D16266BFDF0F943" author="Quenstedt" box="[325,521,1638,1664]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E44266AFD61F943" box="[535,664,1638,1664]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E44266AFD61F943" box="[535,664,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E87266AFCB3F943" box="[724,842,1639,1664]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E87266AFCB3F943" box="[724,842,1639,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The traces are not labelled, thus complicating a correct assignation. Both figures show two morphotypes of dendrinids, the forms later considered by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254CEE26A1FE9BF904" author="Morris" box="[189,354,1708,1735]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">
Morris (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254D4F26A1FEA0F904" box="[284,345,1708,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1851">1851</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
to be
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254DFA26A1FD8BF905" authorityName="in Morris" authorityYear="1851" box="[425,626,1708,1734]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254DFA26A1FD8BF905" box="[425,626,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Talpina dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254E9D26A1FC5DF905" author="Magdefrau" box="[718,932,1708,1734]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">
Mägdefrau (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254F0D26A1FC62F905" box="[862,923,1708,1734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1937">1937</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254F9926A1FB18F905" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[970,1249,1708,1734]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254F9926A1FB18F905" box="[970,1249,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below). Decades later,
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254D2126C2FDC7F929" author="Quenstedt" box="[370,574,1743,1770]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52774" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1885 Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. Verlag der H. Laupp'schen Buchhandlung, Tubingen." type="book" year="1885">
Quenstedt (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254DAD26C2FDC7F929" box="[510,574,1743,1770]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1885">1885</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 39, fig. 39) figured another belemnite rostrum (
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F25489326DDFAD4F929" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1216,1325,1744,1770]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Terebella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F25489326DDFAD4F929" box="[1216,1325,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Terebella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254CEE26F9FEC4F8CE" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[189,317,1780,1805]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pungens">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254CEE26F9FEC4F8CE" box="[189,317,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. pungens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254D1E26F9FE37F8CE" box="[333,462,1779,1805]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254D1E26F9FE37F8CE" box="[333,462,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254E5826F9FD78F8CE" box="[523,641,1780,1805]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254E5826F9FD78F8CE" box="[523,641,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254F5C26FEFC86F8CE" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[783,895,1779,1805]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254F5C26FEFC86F8CE" box="[783,895,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this time being clearly labelled (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA7B9F25494326FEFA8BF8CE" box="[1296,1394,1779,1805]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA7B9F254CEE271BFF1BF8F3" box="[189,226,1814,1840]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3B</figureCitation>
). The trace labelled as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254DA8271BFD92F8F3" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[507,619,1814,1840]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254DA8271BFD92F8F3" box="[507,619,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254F15271AFB62F8F2" authority="in Morris" authorityName="in Morris" authorityYear="1851" box="[838,1179,1814,1841]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254F15271AFC36F8F3" box="[838,975,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. dendrina</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254FAA271BFB62F8F2" author="Morris" box="[1017,1179,1814,1841]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">Morris (1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. IV, figs 6b, 7) (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA7B9F254C952734FEF5F890" box="[198,268,1849,1875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D–I), whereas the trace corresponding to
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA7B9F254EA42737FB4AF890" authority="in Magdefrau" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[759,1203,1849,1875]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA7B9F254EA42737FC42F890" box="[759,955,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254FB12734FB4AF890" author="Magdefrau" box="[994,1203,1849,1875]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau (1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. IV,
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA7B9F2549432734FAA8F890" box="[1296,1361,1849,1875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">figs 1</figureCitation>
, 6, 8) (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA7B9F254CBB2751FEBFF8B5" box="[232,326,1884,1910]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
) in turn was not labelled by Quenstedt, albeit interpreted as such by subsequent workers (
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254C962772FEA4F85A" author="Nadjin" box="[197,349,1919,1945]" firstAuthor="Nadjin" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52382" refString="Nadjin D. P. 1969. Morfologia i Paleobiologia Verkhnemelovykh Belemnitov. Moscow." type="book" year="1969">
Nadjin
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254D4C2772FEA4F85A" box="[287,349,1919,1945]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1969">1969</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254D3A2772FE17F859" author="Voigt" box="[361,494,1919,1946]" firstAuthor="Voigt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="93 - 126" refId="ref54483" refString="Voigt E. 1972. Uber Talpina ramosa v. Hagenow 1840, ein wahrscheinlich zu den Phoronidea gehoriger Bohrorganismus aus der Oberen Kreide, nebst Bemerkungen zu den ubrigen bisher beschriebenen kretazischen &quot; Talpina &quot; - Arten. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften II, Mathematischphysikalische Klasse 7: 93 - 126." type="journal article" year="1972">
Voigt
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254DE3278DFE17F859" box="[432,494,1920,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1972">1972</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254DA82772FD6FF859" author="Nestler" box="[507,662,1919,1946]" firstAuthor="Nestler" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52397" refString="Nestler H. 1975. Die Fossilien der Rugener Schreibkreide. Die neue Brehm Bucherei 486. Ziemsen, Wittenberg Lutherstadt." type="book" year="1975">
Nestler
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254E042772FD6FF859" box="[599,662,1919,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1975">1975</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). The provenance of Quenstedt’s belemnites (
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F2548E22772FA97F859" author="Quenstedt" box="[1201,1390,1919,1946]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">
Quenstedt
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254961278DFA97F859" box="[1330,1390,1920,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1849">1849</date>
</bibRefCitation>
) is dubious, and according to the discussion in
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254E9E27AEFC99F87E" author="Voigt" box="[717,864,1955,1981]" firstAuthor="Voigt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="93 - 126" refId="ref54483" refString="Voigt E. 1972. Uber Talpina ramosa v. Hagenow 1840, ein wahrscheinlich zu den Phoronidea gehoriger Bohrorganismus aus der Oberen Kreide, nebst Bemerkungen zu den ubrigen bisher beschriebenen kretazischen &quot; Talpina &quot; - Arten. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften II, Mathematischphysikalische Klasse 7: 93 - 126." type="journal article" year="1972">
Voigt (
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254F4827AEFCA1F87E" box="[795,856,1955,1981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1972">1972</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
probably neither Antrim (N
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA7B9F2548F927AEFAFBF87D" box="[1194,1282,1955,1982]" name="Ireland" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ireland</collectingCountry>
), as stated in the figure legend of one of the specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA7B9F254EEF27CBFC80F823" author="Quenstedt" box="[700,889,1990,2016]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">
Quenstedt
<date id="746F208EBA7B9F254F6927CBFC80F823" box="[826,889,1990,2016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1849">1849</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 36) as well as in the original description (see above) and on the label of the material that used to be reposited in the Tübingen collection, nor Rügen (
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA789F264D492122FE74FE8A" box="[282,397,303,329]" name="Germany" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Germany</collectingCountry>
), as stated in the figure explanation of the other specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F26481F2123FAF4FE8A" author="Quenstedt" box="[1100,1293,302,329]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">
Quenstedt
<date id="746F208EBA789F26489D2122FAF4FE8A" box="[1230,1293,303,329]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1849">1849</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 37). Instead, it probably originates from some other chalk outcrop, possibly in
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA789F26487E215FFB6AFEAF" box="[1069,1171,338,364]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">England</collectingCountry>
. Equally uncertain, but according to
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264DD32178FDEDFE4C" author="Voigt" box="[384,532,373,399]" firstAuthor="Voigt" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="93 - 126" refId="ref54483" refString="Voigt E. 1972. Uber Talpina ramosa v. Hagenow 1840, ein wahrscheinlich zu den Phoronidea gehoriger Bohrorganismus aus der Oberen Kreide, nebst Bemerkungen zu den ubrigen bisher beschriebenen kretazischen &quot; Talpina &quot; - Arten. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften II, Mathematischphysikalische Klasse 7: 93 - 126." type="journal article" year="1972">
Voigt (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264D9D2178FDF2FE4C" box="[462,523,373,399]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1972">1972</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
most likely, is the question of whether or not the original belemnite (
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F2649662178FF05FE71" author="Voigt" firstAuthor="Voigt" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="93 - 126" refId="ref54483" refString="Voigt E. 1972. Uber Talpina ramosa v. Hagenow 1840, ein wahrscheinlich zu den Phoronidea gehoriger Bohrorganismus aus der Oberen Kreide, nebst Bemerkungen zu den ubrigen bisher beschriebenen kretazischen &quot; Talpina &quot; - Arten. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften II, Mathematischphysikalische Klasse 7: 93 - 126." type="journal article" year="1972">
Voigt
<date id="746F208EBA789F264CEE2195FF05FE71" box="[189,252,408,434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1972">1972</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 2, figs 2–3) is the specimen depicted – with some artistic freedom – by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F26480D2195FADDFE71" author="Quenstedt" box="[1118,1316,408,434]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">
Quenstedt (
<date id="746F208EBA789F2648B72195FADDFE71" box="[1252,1316,408,434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1849">1849</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 30, fig. 37). Both
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264D3821B6FE04FE16" author="Voigt" box="[363,509,443,469]" firstAuthor="Voigt" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="93 - 126" refId="ref54483" refString="Voigt E. 1972. Uber Talpina ramosa v. Hagenow 1840, ein wahrscheinlich zu den Phoronidea gehoriger Bohrorganismus aus der Oberen Kreide, nebst Bemerkungen zu den ubrigen bisher beschriebenen kretazischen &quot; Talpina &quot; - Arten. Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften II, Mathematischphysikalische Klasse 7: 93 - 126." type="journal article" year="1972">
Voigt (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264DEE21B6FE04FE16" box="[445,509,443,469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1972">1972</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1–2) and
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264EF821B6FCABFE16" author="Plewes" box="[683,850,443,469]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">
Plewes (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264F4121B6FCABFE16" box="[786,850,443,469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1996">1996</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 22) reinvestigated the original Quenstedt material and provided close-up photographs of the various
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264F2A21D2FC10FE3A" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[889,1001,479,505]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264F2A21D2FC10FE3A" box="[889,1001,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F26487621D2FB87FE3A" authorityName="von Hagenow" authorityYear="1840" box="[1061,1150,479,505]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F26487621D2FB87FE3A" box="[1061,1150,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Talpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA789F26494321D3FA88FE3A" box="[1296,1393,478,505]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA789F264CEE220FFF1AFDDF" box="[189,227,514,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3C</figureCitation>
). Despite an extensive query for the original material in the collections in Tübingen, Munich, Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg, London and Aberystwyth (Plewes’ affiliation in
<date id="746F208EBA789F264FA72228FBC8FDFC" box="[1012,1073,549,575]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1996">1996</date>
, where the specimens were studied last), the whereabouts of the Quenstedt material could not be tracked down and the material has to be regarded currently as lost. Quenstedt neither designated a
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA789F264FB42261FBE3FD45" box="[999,1050,620,646]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies, nor provided a diagnosis, both not legal requirements for taxa established prior to
<date id="746F208EBA789F264F912282FC04FD6A" box="[962,1021,655,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1931">1931</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F2648592282FB6FFD6A" author="ICZN" box="[1034,1174,655,681]" firstAuthor="ICZN" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref51650" refString="ICZN (International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences, 4 th edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London." type="book" year="1999">
ICZN
<date id="746F208EBA789F2648042282FB6FFD6A" box="[1111,1174,655,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1999">1999</date>
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F2648FA2283FA8BFD6A" author="Morris" box="[1193,1394,654,681]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">
Morris (
<date id="746F208EBA789F26495B2283FAB1FD6A" box="[1288,1352,654,681]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1851">1851</date>
: 87
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. IV, figs 6b, 7) consequently adopted Quenstedt’s ichnogenus name as a new ichnospecies name under the ichnogenus
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264D2822D8FD28FD2C" authority="von Hagenow" authorityName="von Hagenow" authorityYear="1840" box="[379,721,725,751]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264D2822D8FE2DFD2C" box="[379,468,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Talpina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264D8D22D8FD28FD2C" author="Hagenow F. von" box="[478,721,725,751]" firstAuthor="von Hagenow" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="630 - 672" refId="ref51211" refString="Hagenow F. von 1840. Monographie der Rugen'schen Kreide-Versteinerungen, II. Abtheilung: Radiarien und Annulaten. Nebst Nachtragen zur ersten Abtheilung. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1840: 630 - 672." type="journal article" year="1840">
von
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264E4722D8FD28FD2C" author="Hagenow" box="[532,721,725,751]" firstAuthor="Hagenow" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="630 - 672" refId="ref51211" refString="Hagenow F. von 1840. Monographie der Rugen'schen Kreide-Versteinerungen, II. Abtheilung: Radiarien und Annulaten. Nebst Nachtragen zur ersten Abtheilung. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1840: 630 - 672." type="journal article" year="1840">Hagenow, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, thereby addressing it as “
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F26484722D8FA90FD2C" authority="Quenstedt" authorityName="Quenstedt" box="[1044,1385,725,751]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F26484722D8FB18FD2C" box="[1044,1249,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Talpina dendrina</emphasis>
Quenstedt
</taxonomicName>
”. Based on the practical monotypy of this first nominal species referred to Quenstedt’s bare genus, and by principle of virtual tautonymy,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264E372311FD0FFCF6" box="[612,758,795,821]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E372311FD0FFCF6" box="[612,758,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA789F264F032311FC7AFCF5" box="[848,899,796,822]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F2648002316FB3AFCF6" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[1107,1219,795,821]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F2648002316FB3AFCF6" box="[1107,1219,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as previously specified by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264D082333FDC2FC9A" author="Hantzschel" box="[347,571,830,857]" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">
Häntzschel (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264DA12333FDCBFC9A" box="[498,562,830,857]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1962">1962</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. However, according to Treatise format, it was therein given in its original ichnogenus combination as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264E25236FFC15FCBE" authority="Morris, 1851" authorityName="in Morris" authorityYear="1851" box="[630,1004,866,893]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E25236FFCBAFCBF" box="[630,835,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Talpina dendrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264F1C236FFC15FCBE" author="Morris" box="[847,1004,866,893]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">Morris, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and its assignment as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264955236FFE22FC63" authority="dendrina (Morris, 1851)" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264955236FFEDEFC5C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina dendrina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264D652388FE2AFC63" author="Morris" box="[310,467,901,928]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">Morris, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is hereby formally introduced as a new combination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA789F264CEE23CAFAE7FB77" blockId="14.[189,1399,966,1204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
A related ichnotaxon and potential
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E3F23CAFCD9FC23" box="[620,800,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
(never addressed after
<date id="746F208EBA789F26481223CBFB84FC23" box="[1089,1149,966,992]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1899">1899</date>
) is
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F2648FC23CBFA96FC23" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1851" box="[1199,1391,966,992]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F2648FC23CBFA96FC23" box="[1199,1391,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Talpina rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mentioned without proper description or illustration by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264F0B23E4FBD7FBC7" author="Muller" box="[856,1070,1001,1028]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref52364" refString="Muller J. 1851. Monographie der Petrefacten der Aachener Kreideformation. Henry &amp; Cohen, Bonn." type="book" year="1851">
Müller (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264FE923E4FC03FBC7" box="[954,1018,1001,1028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1851">1851</date>
: 60)
</bibRefCitation>
as having a circular shape. However, this very vague morphological description applies to many traces in Cretaceous belemnites and thus does not provide reasonable grounds to seriously consider it a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264955243DFEA4FBAE" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264955243DFEA4FBAE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264DD82459FDEDFBAE" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[395,532,1107,1133]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264DD82459FDEDFBAE" box="[395,532,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both traces with a quite circular outline. Without a clearly established synonymy, however, it cannot be considered a
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E8E247AFC75FB53" box="[733,908,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
either, since this nomenclatural act would require naming a
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264DD82497FDAEFB70" box="[395,599,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nomen protectum</emphasis>
, hence leaving
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264F5D2497FC7EFB77" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1851" box="[782,903,1178,1204]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotunda">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264F5D2497FC7EFB77" box="[782,903,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. rotunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the nimbus of a
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F2648392497FAEEFB77" box="[1130,1303,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nomen dubium</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA789F264CEE24D1FDF0F9BB" blockId="14.[189,1399,1241,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Between
<date id="746F208EBA789F264D7F24D6FE27FB36" box="[300,478,1243,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1859" valueMax="1864">1859 and 1864</date>
, Étallon (
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264E0324D4FD00FB35" author="Etallon" box="[592,761,1241,1270]" firstAuthor="Etallon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="401 - 553" refId="ref50307" refString="Etallon A. 1859 a. Etudes paleontologiques sur le Haut-Jura: rayonnes du corallien. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Department du Doubs, Serie 3 3: 401 - 553." type="journal article" year="1859" yearSuffix="a">
Étallon
<date id="746F208EBA789F264EFC24D6FD15FB35" box="[687,748,1243,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1859">1859</date>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264EBF24D6FD00FB35" author="Etallon A." box="[748,761,1243,1270]" firstAuthor="a" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="129 - 160" refId="ref50341" refString="Etallon A. 1859 b. Sur la classification des spongiaires du Haut-Jura et leur distribution dans les etages. Actes de la Societe Jurassienne d'Emulation 9: 129 - 160." type="journal article" year="1859" yearSuffix="b">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264F5524D6FCABFB35" author="Etallon" box="[774,850,1243,1270]" firstAuthor="Etallon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="129 - 160" refId="ref50341" refString="Etallon A. 1859 b. Sur la classification des spongiaires du Haut-Jura et leur distribution dans les etages. Actes de la Societe Jurassienne d'Emulation 9: 129 - 160." type="journal article" year="1859" yearSuffix="b">
<date id="746F208EBA789F264F5524D6FCBAFB35" box="[774,835,1243,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1859">1859</date>
b
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264F0C24D6FC64FB36" author="Etallon A." box="[863,925,1243,1269]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="221 - 506" refId="ref50422" refString="Etallon A. 1864. Etudes paleontologiques sur le Jura graylois: terrains jurassiques moyen et superieur. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Departement de Doubs, Serie 3 8: 221 - 506." type="journal article" year="1864">
<date id="746F208EBA789F264F0C24D6FC64FB36" box="[863,925,1243,1269]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1864">1864</date>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264FFA24D6FB1AFB35" author="Thurmann &amp; Etallon" box="[937,1251,1241,1270]" firstAuthor="Thurmann" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="355 - 500" refId="ref53837" refString="Thurmann J. &amp; Etallon A. 1864. Lethea Bruntrutana ou etudes paleontologiques et stratigraphiques dur les terrains Jurassique superieurs du Jura Bernois et en particulier des environs de Porrentruy. Nouveaux Memoirs de la Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles 20: 355 - 500." type="journal article" year="1864">
Thurmann &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F26481824D4FB1AFB35" author="Etallon" box="[1099,1251,1241,1270]" firstAuthor="Etallon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="221 - 506" refId="ref50422" refString="Etallon A. 1864. Etudes paleontologiques sur le Jura graylois: terrains jurassiques moyen et superieur. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Departement de Doubs, Serie 3 8: 221 - 506." type="journal article" year="1864">
Étallon
<date id="746F208EBA789F2648F424D6FB1AFB35" box="[1191,1251,1243,1270]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1864">1864</date>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
) established a total of nine ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264E6F24F3FD55FADB" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[572,684,1278,1304]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E6F24F3FD55FADB" box="[572,684,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, none of which was adopted by subsequent workers. This is because all of Étallon’s ichnospecies were based on rudimentary descriptions only and with or without only an inadequate illustration. Hence, they have to be regarded as
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F2648622548FB2DFA9C" box="[1073,1236,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nomina dubia</emphasis>
. One of these ichnospecies, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264DCB2564FD73FA41" authority=", Etallon" authorityName=", Etallon" authorityYear="1859" box="[408,650,1382,1410]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264DCB2564FDDCFA41" box="[408,549,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. elongata</emphasis>
, Étallon
</taxonomicName>
himself (Étallon
<date id="746F208EBA789F264F0F2565FC61FA40" box="[860,920,1384,1411]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1959">1959</date>
b) assigned to
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F2648142565FB59FA41" authorityName="von Hagenow" authorityYear="1840" box="[1095,1184,1384,1410]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F2648142565FB59FA41" box="[1095,1184,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Talpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and another, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264CEE2581FEC1FA66" authorityName="Etallon" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,312,1419,1445]" class="Gastropoda" family="Clionidae" genus="Cliona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264CEE2581FEC1FA66" box="[189,312,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264E1D2581FD27FA66" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[590,734,1419,1445]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E1D2581FD27FA66" box="[590,734,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Likewise of dubious status are the related ichnogenera
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264CEE25A3FEE5FA0B" box="[189,284,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cobalia</emphasis>
(comprising two ichnospecies) and
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264EB125A2FC81FA0B" box="[738,888,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Haguenowia</emphasis>
(four ichnospecies) described by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F26497125A1FEE2FA2F" author="Etallon" firstAuthor="Etallon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="401 - 553" refId="ref50307" refString="Etallon A. 1859 a. Etudes paleontologiques sur le Haut-Jura: rayonnes du corallien. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Department du Doubs, Serie 3 3: 401 - 553." type="journal article" year="1859" yearSuffix="a">
Étallon (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264C9525DCFEFCFA2F" box="[198,261,1489,1516]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1859">1859</date>
a)
</bibRefCitation>
, both also entirely based on
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E3625DFFCFEFA28" box="[613,775,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nomina dubia</emphasis>
. In an attempt to locate the original
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA789F2648F825DFFB27FA2F" box="[1195,1246,1490,1516]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
material, the collections in Paris, Lyon, Gray, Porrentruy,
<collectingRegion id="C215C8ACBA789F264E9F25F8FCFCF9CC" box="[716,773,1525,1551]" country="Switzerland" name="Bern" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bern</collectingRegion>
and Basel were consulted, apparently none of which houses the material in question, which thus needs to be considered as currently lost. Considering these circumstances, unfortunately there appears no feasible way forward but to regard Étallon’s dendrinids as
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264C8E2652FE86F9BB" box="[221,383,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nomina dubia</emphasis>
, altogether.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA789F264CEE26ADFB60F8C2" blockId="14.[189,1399,1696,1793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The first extant relatives of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264E5526ADFD8FF979" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[518,630,1696,1722]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E5526ADFD8FF979" box="[518,630,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed in bivalve shells from the Golfe de Gascogne off the French coast and elsewhere by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264E0826CEFCF3F91D" author="Fischer" box="[603,778,1731,1758]" firstAuthor="Fischer" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="530 - 533" refId="ref50553" refString="Fischer M. P. 1875. D'un type de sarcodaires. Journal de Zoologie 4: 530 - 533." type="journal article" year="1875">
Fischer (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264E9126CEFCF8F91D" box="[706,769,1731,1758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1875">1875</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, who established the ichnotaxon
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F2648C226CEFA89F91E" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1875" box="[1169,1392,1731,1757]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F2648C226CEFA89F91E" box="[1169,1392,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This dendrinian is herein classified within
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264EE326EBFCA0F8C3" box="[688,857,1766,1792]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264EE326EBFCA0F8C3" box="[688,857,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nododendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264FD326EAFBE9F8C3" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" box="[896,1040,1767,1792]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264FD326EAFBE9F8C3" box="[896,1040,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">N. europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA789F26484426EBFB60F8C2" box="[1047,1177,1766,1793]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA789F264CEE272DFD0FF829" blockId="14.[189,1398,1824,2026]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264CEE272DFE6DF8F9" author="Magdefrau" box="[189,404,1824,1850]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">
Mägdefrau (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264D1F272DFE72F8F9" box="[332,395,1824,1850]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1937">1937</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, in his important review on endolithic bioerosion traces “Lebensspuren fossiler ‘Bohr’ –Organismen”, established four ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264EA5274EFC9FF89E" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[758,870,1859,1885]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264EA5274EFC9FF89E" box="[758,870,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the widely used
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F2648F82749FA96F89E" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[1195,1391,1859,1885]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F2648F82749FA96F89E" box="[1195,1391,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, thereby finally formalising the second original
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264F51276BFC2AF843" author="Quenstedt" box="[770,979,1894,1920]" firstAuthor="Quenstedt" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref52753" refString="Quenstedt F. A. 1849. Petrefaktenkunde Deutschlands - Die Cephalopoden. Ludwig Friedrich Fues, Tubingen, Germany." type="book" year="1849">
Quenstedt (
<date id="746F208EBA789F264FDD276BFC32F843" box="[910,971,1894,1920]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1849">1849</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
dendrinian (see above). The very small
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264D552787FE43F860" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Magdefrau" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[262,442,1930,1955]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="incomposita">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264D552787FE43F860" box="[262,442,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. incomposita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is herein addressed as
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264E822784FBEBF860" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Magdefrau" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[721,1042,1929,1955]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="incomposita" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E822784FBEBF860" box="[721,1042,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nododendrina incomposita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA789F2648482784FB58F867" box="[1051,1185,1929,1956]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and Mägdefrau’s
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264CEE27A3FEDDF804" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[189,292,1966,1991]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264CEE27A3FEDDF804" box="[189,292,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is synonymised with it.
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F264E6627A0FCE8F804" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[565,785,1965,1991]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F264E6627A0FCE8F804" box="[565,785,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrina anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a new combination under
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA789F26488527A0FA96F804" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[1238,1391,1965,1991]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA789F26488527A0FA96F804" box="[1238,1391,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Calcideletrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, another one of
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA789F264D3D27DDFDA1F829" author="Magdefrau's" box="[366,600,2000,2026]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau's" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau’s (1937)</bibRefCitation>
ichnogenera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA799F274CEE2106FBFDFDDF" blockId="15.[189,1399,267,540]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Based on an SEM analysis of epoxy-resin casts,
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F274EBD2106FC48FEE5" author="Hofmann" box="[750,945,267,294]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann (1996)</bibRefCitation>
refined the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F27489D2106FAC7FEE6" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[1230,1342,267,293]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F27489D2106FAC7FEE6" box="[1230,1342,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, following a splitter approach, disregarded
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274EFC2122FCC4FE8A" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[687,829,303,329]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274EFC2122FCC4FE8A" box="[687,829,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274F242122FBC2FE8A" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[887,1083,303,329]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274F242122FBC2FE8A" box="[887,1083,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
while establishing a series of morphologically very similar new ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274F60215FFC5AFEAF" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[819,931,338,364]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274F60215FFC5AFEAF" box="[819,931,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most of these are herein considered as a reflection of the ontogeny and the morphological variability of the former two ichnospecies and thus as their junior synonyms. Another one of Hofmann’s dendrinids, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F2748412194FB05FE71" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1042,1276,408,434]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="brachiopodicola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F2748412194FB05FE71" box="[1042,1276,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. brachiopodicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is herein synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274DCF21B6FC8DFE16" authority="Magdefrau, 1937" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[412,884,443,469]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274DCF21B6FD64FE16" box="[412,669,443,469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calcideletrix flexuosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F274EF521B6FC8DFE16" author="Magdefrau" box="[678,884,443,469]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In the same year,
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F27480221B6FB03FE15" author="Plewes" box="[1105,1274,443,470]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
attempted to establish
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274D1C21D2FE16FE3A" authorityName="Plewes" authorityYear="1996" box="[335,495,479,505]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ordoplana">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274D1C21D2FE16FE3A" box="[335,495,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. ordoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is, however, also morphologically reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F2748F921D2FAC3FE3A" authorityName="dendrina (Morris" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="dendrina (Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1194,1338,479,505]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F2748F921D2FAC3FE3A" box="[1194,1338,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and apart from that was never formally published, creating a
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274F04220EFC04FDDF" box="[855,1021,514,540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA799F274CEE2238FEA1FCAB" blockId="15.[189,1399,564,872]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In conclusion, among the 22 ichnospecies originally erected under the umbrella of the ichnogenus
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274CEE225AFED4FDB2" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[189,301,599,625]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274CEE225AFED4FDB2" box="[189,301,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, merely three of them remain nomenclaturally robust and morphologically sufficiently distinctive (i.e., their geometry cannot be explained by ontogenetic stages of the same ichnospecies or by differences in the substrate) to be considered ichnotaxonomically distinct and valid. These are
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274CEE22CFFDFFFD1F" authority="(Morris, 1851)" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Morris" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[189,518,705,732]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dendrina">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274CEE22CFFEB5FD18" box="[189,332,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. dendrina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F274D0E22CCFE04FD1F" author="Morris" box="[349,509,705,732]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref52331" refString="Morris J. 1851. Palaeontological notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 8: 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745486109494965" type="journal article" year="1851">Morris, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274E4722CFFC57FD18" authority="Magdefrau, 1937" authorityName="in Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[532,942,705,731]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="belemniticola">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274E4722CFFD20FD18" box="[532,729,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. belemniticola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F274EB122CCFC57FD18" author="Magdefrau" box="[738,942,705,731]" firstAuthor="Magdefrau" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="54 - 67" refId="ref52207" refString="Magdefrau K. 1937. Lebensspuren fossiler &quot; Bohr &quot; - Organismen. Beitrage zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland 2: 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1937">Mägdefrau, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274FBA22CFFACFFD18" authority="Hofmann, 1996" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[1001,1334,705,731]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274FBA22CFFB88FD18" box="[1001,1137,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F27482A22CCFACFFD18" author="Hofmann" box="[1145,1334,705,731]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Two further original ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274E6122E9FD5BFD3D" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[562,674,740,766]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274E6122E9FD5BFD3D" box="[562,674,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now grouped within
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274F9522E9FBA6FD3D" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[966,1119,740,766]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274F9522E9FBA6FD3D" box="[966,1119,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Calcideletrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F2748C422E9FAB9FD3D" box="[1175,1344,740,766]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F2748C422E9FAB9FD3D" box="[1175,1344,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nododendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274D4F230AFE75FCE2" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[284,396,775,801]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274D4F230AFE75FCE2" box="[284,396,775,801]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other Dendrinidae by its tubular inlet tunnel, leading to the centre of a radiating rosette of constant thickness and with peripheral branches not tapering to fine terminations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA799F274CEE238DFE6AFBE4" blockId="15.[189,1399,896,1063]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
An invalid junior homonym,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274E48238DFD72FC59" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[539,651,896,922]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274E48238DFD72FC59" box="[539,651,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Costa in Fornasini, 1898, was established for a foraminiferan. No substitute name was proposed and, according to
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F274F7923AEFB90FC7D" author="Loeblich &amp; Tappan" box="[810,1129,931,958]" firstAuthor="Loeblich" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2" refId="ref52157" refString="Loeblich A. R. &amp; Tappan H. 1964. Sarcodina, chiefly &quot; Thecamoebians &quot; &amp; Foraminiferida. In: Moore R. C. (ed) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C - Protista / Protoctista 2. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1964">Loeblich &amp; Tappan (1964)</bibRefCitation>
, the genus is presently considered synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F274E7223CBFC7DFC22" authority="Thalmann, 1939" authorityName="Thalmann" authorityYear="1939" box="[545,900,966,993]" class="Globothalamea" family="Cibicididae" genus="Cibicidoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F274E7223CBFD4CFC23" box="[545,693,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cibicidoides</emphasis>
Thalmann, 1939
</taxonomicName>
. In the botanical nomenclature,
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F27495523CBFA8FFC23" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[1286,1398,966,992]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F27495523CBFA8FFC23" box="[1286,1398,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA799F274DFC23E4FDBDFBC7" author="Fries" box="[431,580,1001,1028]" firstAuthor="Fries" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref50710" refString="Fries E. 1832. Systema Mycologicum, Sistens Fungorum, Ordines, Genera et Species, huc usque Cognitas, quas ad Normam Methoi Naturalis, III. Sumtibus Ernesti Mauritii, Greifswald." type="book" year="1832">Fries (1832)</bibRefCitation>
as a valid homonym with two species (
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F27486D23E7FB66FBC7" box="[1086,1183,1002,1028]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F27486D23E7FB66FBC7" box="[1086,1183,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA799F2748B023E7FAB1FBC7" box="[1251,1352,1002,1028]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pulla">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA799F2748B023E7FAB1FBC7" box="[1251,1352,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D. pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of ascomycete fungi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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