509 lines
76 KiB
XML
509 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DA3CFA7954D929FE0F04CB233BAA4257">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="526B837221A5C680A899FF89048E0FE3">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="03699DDBC8A14A07AB7A5C1E74F272EA">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6748E3925D4845A28DF550826A59E629">390</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA6E9F324E1A2106FC9BFD88" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA6E9F324E1A2106FC9BFD88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA6E9F324E1A2106FC9BFD88" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA6E9F304E1A2106FC12FEE6" box="[585,1003,267,294]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304E1A2106FC12FEE6" blockId="24.[585,1003,267,329]" box="[585,1003,267,294]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA6E9F304E1A2106FC12FEE6" box="[585,1003,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304E1A2106FC12FEE6" authority="Clarke, 1908" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[585,1003,267,294]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304E1A2106FCB2FEE5" bold="true" box="[585,843,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Clionolithes radicans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304F002106FC12FEE6" author="Clarke" box="[851,1003,267,293]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA6E9F304EA42123FCC5FE8A" box="[759,828,302,329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304EA42123FCC5FE8A" blockId="24.[585,1003,267,329]" box="[759,828,302,329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6E9F304EA42123FCC5FE8A" box="[759,828,302,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA6E9F304CEE2165FC46FB58" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2165FA8FFE41" blockId="24.[189,1398,360,528]" box="[189,1398,360,387]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE2165FA8FFE41" box="[189,1398,360,387]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304CEE2165FDA1FE40" box="[189,600,360,387]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE2165FDA1FE40" authority="Clarke, 1908" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,600,360,387]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE2165FE43FE41" box="[189,442,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Clionolithes radicans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304D922165FDA1FE40" author="Clarke" box="[449,600,360,387]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(partim): 168, pl. 9, fig. 2, pl. 11,
|
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6E9F304FB12165FBE6FE40" box="[994,1055,360,387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">fig. 1</figureCitation>
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6E9F30487E2165FB92FE40" box="[1069,1131,360,387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
=
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||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6E9F3048DA2165FB01FE41" box="[1161,1272,360,386]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
; pl. 10 and
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CB92181FA8FFE2F" blockId="24.[189,1398,360,528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
pl. 11, fig. 2 =?
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304DF82181FD52FE65" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[427,683,396,422]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304DF82181FD52FE65" box="[427,683,396,422]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Calcideletrix flexuosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE21BDFA8FFE2F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304CEE21BDFD92FE0A" box="[189,619,431,457]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE21BDFD92FE0A" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1850" box="[189,619,431,457]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Pyritonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE21BDFEBFFE0A" box="[189,326,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pyritonema</emphasis>
|
||
?
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304D0921BDFE63FE0A" box="[346,410,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">gigas</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DF221A2FD92FE0A" author="Fritsch" box="[417,619,431,457]" firstAuthor="Fritsch" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50745" refString="Fritsch A. 1908. Problematica Silurica. Reimund Gerhard, Prague." type="book" year="1908">Fritsch, 1908: 10</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 4, figs 2–3.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304CEE21DFFDC2FE2F" box="[189,571,466,492]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE21DFFDC2FE2F" authority="Solle, 1938" authorityName=", Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,571,466,492]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE21DFFE54FE2F" box="[189,429,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Olkenbachia hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DE621DFFDC2FE2F" author="Solle" box="[437,571,466,492]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim): 162, figs 2–4, 8, 11, 14 (figs 5–7, 10 =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F30482921DFFAD9FE2F" box="[1146,1312,466,492]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cervicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F30482921DFFAD9FE2F" box="[1146,1312,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. cervicornis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, figs 9,
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CB921F8FC47FDD3" blockId="24.[189,1398,360,528]" box="[234,958,501,528]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
15, 17–18 =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304D2C21FBFDFDFDCC" authorityName="Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[383,516,502,528]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pannosa">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304D2C21FBFDFDFDCC" box="[383,516,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. pannosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and fig. 13 =
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304EFB21F8FC57FDCC" box="[680,942,501,527]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304EFB21F8FC57FDCC" box="[680,942,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nododendrina nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2222FEA9FD39" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE2222FEA9FD39" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE2222FE47FD8A" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,446,559,585]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE2222FE47FD8A" box="[189,446,559,585]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Clionolithes radicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304DB02222FD8EFD8A" box="[483,631,559,585]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DB02222FD8EFD8A" author="Clarke" box="[483,631,559,585]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref49973" refString="Clarke J. M. 1921. Organic dependence and disease, their origin and significance. New York State Museum Bulletin 221 - 222: 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="1921">Clarke 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim): 88, figs 70, 72 (fig. 72 =
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6E9F3048622222FB59FD8A" box="[1073,1184,559,585]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304CB9225FFE84FDAF" author="Clarke" box="[234,381,594,620]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; fig. 71 =?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304E55225FFCFFFDAF" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[518,774,594,620]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304E55225FFCFFFDAF" box="[518,774,594,620]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Calcideletrix flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304F11225FFBF3FDAF" box="[834,1034,594,620]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304F11225FFBF3FDAF" author="Hantzschel" box="[834,1034,594,620]" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">Häntzschel 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
: W230, fig. 142-6 (=
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6E9F304957225FFA8AFDAF" box="[1284,1395,594,620]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DE42278FDB4FD53" author="Clarke" box="[439,589,629,656]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 1975: W125, fig. 71-1a–b (fig. 77-1a =
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6E9F3048652278FB5CFD4C" box="[1078,1189,629,655]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304CB92294FE87FD70" author="Clarke" box="[234,382,665,691]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304DE52294FD71FD70" box="[438,648,664,691]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DE52294FD71FD70" author="Plewes" box="[438,648,664,691]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes 1996: 175</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 26,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6E9F304EB62294FCBCFD70" box="[741,837,665,691]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
, 4 (fig. 2 =
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6E9F304F982294FBC5FD77" box="[971,1084,665,692]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F3048212294FEDCFD15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F3048212294FEDCFD15" author="Furlong & McRoberts" firstAuthor="Furlong" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="130 - 144" refId="ref50758" refString="Furlong C. M. & McRoberts C. A. 2014. Commensal borings from the Middle Devonian of central New York: Ecologic and taxonomic review of Clionoides, Clionolithes, and Canaliparva n. ichnogen. Journal of Paleontology 88: 130 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 12 - 141" type="journal article" year="2014">Furlong & McRoberts 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim): 136, figs 5/1–4, 7 (fig. 5/1 =
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6E9F304EAA22B1FC91FD15" box="[761,872,700,726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; fig 6/1–4 =?). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F30480322B1FA88FD15" box="[1104,1393,700,726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F30480322B1FA88FD15" author="Buatois" box="[1104,1393,700,726]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Buatois" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="102 - 181" refId="ref49743" refString="Buatois L. A., Wisshak M., Wilson M. A. & Mangano M. G. 2017. Categories of architectural designs in trace fossils: A measure of ichnodisparity. Earth Science Reviews 164: 102 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. earscirev. 2016.08.009" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Buatois
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F3048E122B0FB16FD15" box="[1202,1263,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017: 161
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 75C.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE230FFDCFFC83" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE230FFDCFFC83" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE230FFDFEFCDF" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[189,519,770,796]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hackberryensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE230FFDFEFCDF" box="[189,519,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Clionolithes hackberryensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304E75230EFCCAFCDF" box="[550,819,770,797]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304E75230EFCCAFCDF" author="Fenton & Fenton" box="[550,819,770,797]" firstAuthor="Fenton" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="42 - 54" refId="ref50523" refString="Fenton C. L. & Fenton M. A. 1932. Boring sponges in the Devonian of Iowa. American Midland Naturalist 13: 42 - 54." type="journal article" year="1932">Fenton & Fenton 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim): 44, pl. VI, figs 3–6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6E9F3048CF230FFB04FCDF" box="[1180,1277,770,796]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F30494D230FFE65FCFC" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="in Fenton & Fenton" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Hexanauplia" family="Canthocamptidae" genus="Talpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hackberryensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F30494D230FFE65FCFC" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Talpina hackberryensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA6E9F304DF02328FDD0FC83" box="[419,553,805,832]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2344FCB7FCA0" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" box="[189,846,840,867]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE2344FCB7FCA0" box="[189,846,840,867]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE2344FEB5FCA0" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,332,841,867]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE2344FEB5FCA0" box="[189,332,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Clionolithes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? – (?)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304DF62344FD9AFCA0" author="Tiedt L." box="[421,611,840,867]" page="513" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DF62344FD9AFCA0" author="Tiedt" box="[421,611,840,867]" firstAuthor="Tiedt" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="483 - 517" refId="ref53966" refString="Tiedt L. 1958. Die Nerineen der osterreichischen Gosauschichten. Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 167: 483 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 26139 - 2" type="journal article" year="1958">Tiedt 1958: 513</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 13, pl. 2, fig. 6.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2361FCF6FC45" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" box="[189,783,876,902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE2361FCF6FC45" box="[189,783,876,902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE2361FEB5FC45" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,332,876,902]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE2361FEB5FC45" box="[189,332,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Clionolithes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. – (?)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304DE92361FD85FC45" author="Easton W. H." box="[442,636,876,902]" page="28" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DE92361FD85FC45" author="Easton" box="[442,636,876,902]" firstAuthor="Easton" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50020" refString="Easton W. H. 1962. Carboniferous formations and faunas of central Montana. Geological Survey Professional Paper 348. United States Government Printing Office, Washington DC." type="book" year="1962">Easton 1962: 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3, fig. 7.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2382FED7FC0F" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Dendroid-Form II – (?)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304D8F2382FD4AFC6A" author="Schmidt" box="[476,691,911,937]" firstAuthor="Schmidt" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 228" refId="ref53114" refString="Schmidt H. 1992. Mikrobohrspuren ausgewahlter Faziesbereiche der tethyalen und germanischen Trias (Beschreibung, Vergleich und bathymetrische Interpretation). Frankfurter Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten, Serie A 12: 1 - 228." type="journal article" year="1992">Schmidt 1992: 89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 11, figs 3–4. — (?)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304F862382FAD5FC6A" author="Glaub & Schmidt" box="[981,1324,911,937]" firstAuthor="Glaub" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="103 - 112" refId="ref51034" refString="Glaub I. & Schmidt H. 1994. Traces of endolithic microboring organisms in Triassic and Jurassic bioherms. Kaupia 4: 103 - 112." type="journal article" year="1994">Glaub & Schmidt 1994: 106</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6E9F304CB923BFFED1FC0F" box="[234,296,946,972]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE23D8FC87FC33" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" box="[189,894,981,1008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Dendroid-Form B – (?)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304D8623D8FD32FC33" author="Bundschuh" box="[469,715,981,1008]" firstAuthor="Bundschuh" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref49875" refString="Bundschuh M. 2000. Silurische Mikrobohrspuren: Ihre Beschreibung und Verteilung in verschiedenen Faziesraumen (Schweden, Litauen, Grossbritannien und USA). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany." type="book" year="2000">Bundschuh 2000: 65</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 9,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6E9F304F4923D8FC83FC33" box="[794,890,981,1008]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE23F4FBE3FBD0" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" box="[189,1050,1016,1043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE23F4FBE3FBD0" box="[189,1050,1016,1043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE23F4FE3AFBD0" box="[189,451,1017,1043]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE23F4FE3AFBD0" box="[189,451,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nododendrina nodosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304DB323F4FD24FBD0" author="Klug C. & Kroger B. & Korn D. & Rucklin M. & Schemm-Gregory M. & De Baets K. & Mapes R. H." box="[480,733,1016,1043]" page="159" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DB323F4FD24FBD0" author="Klug" box="[480,733,1016,1043]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klug" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="83 - 176" refId="ref51788" refString="Klug C., Kroger B., Korn D., Rucklin M., Schemm-Gregory M., De Baets K. & Mapes R. H. 2008. Ecological change during the early Emsian (Devonian) in the Tafilalt (Morocco), the origin of the Ammonoidea, and the first African pyrgocystid edrioasteroids, machaerids and phyllocarids. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A 283: 83 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / pala / 283 / 2008 / 83" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Klug
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304E7123F7FDA4FBD0" box="[546,605,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008: 159
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 17, fig. 14.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2411FC04FBF5" blockId="24.[189,1399,559,1079]" box="[189,1021,1052,1079]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Rosette-shaped borings – (?)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304E462411FC5CFBF5" author="Botquelen & Mayoral" box="[533,933,1052,1079]" firstAuthor="Botquelen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1057 - 1064" refId="ref49222" refString="Botquelen A. & Mayoral E. 2005. Early Devonian bioerosion in the Rade de Brest, Armorican Massif, France. Palaeontology 48: 1057 - 1064. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00492. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Botquelen & Mayoral 2005: 1061</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2i.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2453FA8FFBB4" blockId="24.[189,1398,1117,1179]" box="[189,1398,1117,1144]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA6E9F304CEE2453FA8FFBB4" box="[189,1398,1117,1144]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CBC2450FE15FBB4" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[239,492,1117,1143]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CBC2450FE15FBB4" box="[239,492,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Clionolithes radicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304E552453FCC2FBB4" author="Fenton C. L. & Fenton M. A." box="[518,827,1117,1144]" page="43" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1932">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304E552453FCC2FBB4" author="Fenton & Fenton" box="[518,827,1117,1144]" firstAuthor="Fenton" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="42 - 54" refId="ref50523" refString="Fenton C. L. & Fenton M. A. 1932. Boring sponges in the Devonian of Iowa. American Midland Naturalist 13: 42 - 54." type="journal article" year="1932">Fenton & Fenton 1932: 43</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 6, fig. 7 (?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304FB62450FB1DFBB4" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[997,1252,1117,1143]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304FB62450FB1DFBB4" box="[997,1252,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Calcideletrix flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; reproduced
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CB9248DFC46FB58" blockId="24.[189,1398,1117,1179]" box="[234,959,1152,1179]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304D78248DFE46FB58" author="Clarke" box="[299,447,1152,1179]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA6E9F304DAB248DFCA1FB58" box="[504,856,1152,1179]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304DAB248DFCA1FB58" author="Blissett & Pickerill" box="[504,856,1152,1179]" firstAuthor="Blissett" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="167 - 187" refId="ref49099" refString="Blissett D. J. & Pickerill R. K. 2004. Observations on macroborings from the White Limestone Group of Jamaica. Cainozoic Research 3: 167 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">Blissett & Pickerill 2004: 171</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3/3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA6E9F304CEE24CFFBE9FA02" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE24CFFE5BFB1F" blockId="24.[189,418,1218,1244]" box="[189,418,1218,1244]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA6E9F304CEE24CFFE5BFB1F" bold="true" box="[189,418,1218,1244]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE24CFFE5BFB1F" bold="true" box="[189,418,1218,1244]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE24FCFF19FAC8" blockId="24.[189,224,1265,1291]" box="[189,224,1265,1291]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">n/a</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE253FFE56FA8F" blockId="24.[189,431,1330,1356]" box="[189,431,1330,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA6E9F304CEE253FFE56FA8F" bold="true" box="[189,431,1330,1356]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE253FFE56FA8F" bold="true" box="[189,431,1330,1356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE256CFBE9FA02" blockId="24.[189,1398,1376,1473]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Numerous galleries radiate and branch outward from a small and often elongated central node. Branching dichotomous or irregular, and galleries taper to fine, pointed ends. Branches cross one another rather than coalesce at the edge of the trace. Outline irregular but roughly oval.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA6E9F304CEE25E5FEBCF81D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE25E5FE43F9C1" blockId="24.[189,442,1512,1538]" box="[189,442,1512,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA6E9F304CEE25E5FE43F9C1" bold="true" box="[189,442,1512,1538]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE25E5FE43F9C1" bold="true" box="[189,442,1512,1538]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Original description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE261BFEBEF97D" blockId="24.[189,1399,1558,1726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">[…] tubes radiate and branch outward from a center, giving a decided rootlike expression to the resultant very complicated combination of tubes. These branching tubes often unite, fuse or anastomose producing a somewhat irregularly articulated expression. This sponge particularly infested the living and dead shells of the brachiopods, finding entrances less often at the margin than through the pores on the surface of the shell.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE26E8FDE8F93C" blockId="24.[189,529,1765,1791]" box="[189,529,1765,1791]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA6E9F304CEE26E8FDE8F93C" bold="true" box="[189,529,1765,1791]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE26E8FDE8F93C" bold="true" box="[189,529,1765,1791]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Supplementary description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6E9F304CEE2719FEBCF81D" blockId="24.[189,1399,1812,2014]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
In the detailed description of the junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304EB52719FB94F8ED" authority=", Solle (1938)" authorityName=", Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[742,1133,1812,1838]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304EB52719FC2AF8ED" box="[742,979,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Olkenbachia hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304F8D2719FB94F8ED" author="Solle" box="[990,1133,1812,1838]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
added the observations that the overall shape of the trace is often roughly oval, branching is dichotomous or irregular, and galleries taper to fine, pointed ends. Furthermore, he pointed out a considerable morphological variability due to varying environmental conditions and different substrate species. The trace is usually less than
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA6E9F304CEE27ACFEFCF878" box="[189,261,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter but branches may reach up to
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA6E9F304F4B27ADFC8FF878" box="[792,886,1952,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6E9F304FAD27ADFB7BF878" author="Solle" box="[1022,1154,1952,1979]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6E9F304CEE27C9FECDF81D" authorityName=", Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,308,1988,2014]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6E9F304CEE27C9FECDF81D" box="[189,308,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA6F9F314CEE2106FCB8FC68" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6F9F314CEE2106FD8AFEE6" blockId="25.[189,627,267,293]" box="[189,627,267,293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA6F9F314CEE2106FD8AFEE6" bold="true" box="[189,627,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314CEE2106FD8AFEE6" bold="true" box="[189,627,267,293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F314CEE2106FF03FEE6" box="[189,250,267,293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, locality and horizon
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6F9F314CEE2134FCB8FC68" blockId="25.[189,1399,313,939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314CEE2134FEA7FE97" author="Clarke" box="[189,350,313,340]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
depicts four brachiopod specimens with numerous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6F9F314FFB2137FBD7FE90" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[936,1070,313,340]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314FFB2137FBD7FE90" box="[936,1070,313,340]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. radicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one drawing (
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F3148AE2137FA93FE97" box="[1277,1386,314,340]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
). None of these specimens was designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F314EB12151FCB4FEB5" box="[738,845,348,374]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314F082151FBFDFEB4" author="Clarke" box="[859,1028,348,375]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref49973" refString="Clarke J. M. 1921. Organic dependence and disease, their origin and significance. New York State Museum Bulletin 221 - 222: 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="1921">Clarke (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reproduced all but one of his original illustrations but again did not explicitly address a
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F314F30218DFC37FE59" box="[867,974,384,410]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314F8B218DFB90FE59" author="Solle" box="[984,1129,384,410]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
attempted to designate a “Typus” but when doing so referred to two different specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314F9A21AEFB99FE7E" author="Clarke" box="[969,1120,419,445]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 11, fig. 2 and 1921: fig. 87).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314D7121CBFE03FE22" author="Hantzschel" box="[290,506,454,481]" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">Häntzschel (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
selected another one of the specimens, a natural cast in an atryparetic shell illustrated with a drawing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314DBC21E4FD7AFDC7" author="Clarke" box="[495,643,489,516]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 11,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6F9F314E8421E4FCF6FDC7" box="[727,783,489,516]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), but this selection alone cannot be considered a valid
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F314CEE2201FED0FDE5" box="[189,297,524,550]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314D942201FD89FDE4" author="Plewes" box="[455,624,524,551]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revisited and illustrated the same specimen, explicitly addressing it as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F314D4C223DFE70FD89" box="[287,393,560,586]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but no reasoning for this designation was given, and this was not formally published.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314CEE225EFDE3FDAE" author="Furlong & McRoberts" box="[189,538,595,621]" firstAuthor="Furlong" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="130 - 144" refId="ref50758" refString="Furlong C. M. & McRoberts C. A. 2014. Commensal borings from the Middle Devonian of central New York: Ecologic and taxonomic review of Clionoides, Clionolithes, and Canaliparva n. ichnogen. Journal of Paleontology 88: 130 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 12 - 141" type="journal article" year="2014">Furlong & McRoberts (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were the next to partly revise
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6F9F314FD5225EFBE9FDAE" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[902,1040,595,621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314FD5225EFBE9FDAE" box="[902,1040,595,621]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. radicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including another illustration of the same specimen selected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314E1C227BFCDEFD52" author="Hantzschel" box="[591,807,630,657]" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">Häntzschel (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314FD5227BFBCBFD52" author="Plewes" box="[902,1074,630,657]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but refraining from stating any type attribute. In conclusion, none of the above publications constitute a valid
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F31482E2294FB10FD70" box="[1149,1257,665,691]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation (
|
||
<collectionCode id="66C09E8BBA6F9F314C9622B0FEF2FD14" box="[197,267,701,727]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
article 74), which is herein formally established by selecting the specimen depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F31497B22B1FEFFFD39" author="Clarke" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke (1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 11,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6F9F314D3422EDFE5AFD39" box="[359,419,736,762]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F314D8A22EDFDBCFD39" box="[473,581,736,762]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6F9F314E0522EDFD65FD38" box="[598,668,736,763]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C), rendering all other specimens depicted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F3148B722EDFA8EFD39" author="Clarke" box="[1252,1399,736,762]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(pl. 9,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6F9F314D58230EFE95FCDE" box="[267,364,771,797]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
, pl. 10, pl. 11, fig. 2) as
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6F9F314EDE230EFCC3FCDE" box="[653,826,771,797]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. This selection is in accordance with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F3148A7230EFEF2FC82" author="Hantzschel" firstAuthor="Hantzschel" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="177 - 245" refId="ref51308" refString="Hantzschel W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W - Miscellanea: W 177 - 245. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="1962">Häntzschel (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314D16232BFE17FC82" author="Plewes" box="[325,494,806,833]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the chosen specimen perfectly matches the wording of Clarke’s original description. It is preserved as a natural cast, together with five further specimens, in an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6F9F3148F42347FA8FFCA0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1191,1398,841,868]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Atrypidae" genus="Atrypa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atrypida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="reticularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F3148F42347FA8FFCA0" box="[1191,1398,841,868]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atrypa reticularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
brachiopod shell from the Upper Devonian Chemung Beds of Mansfield,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C215C8ACBA6F9F3148662361FB2DFC45" box="[1077,1236,876,902]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA6F9F3148B02360FAD8FC44" box="[1251,1313,877,903]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and is housed in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C215C8ACBA6F9F314D32239DFDE3FC69" box="[353,538,912,938]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">New York State</collectingRegion>
|
||
Museum (
|
||
<collectionCode id="66C09E8BBA6F9F314EC4239DFD17FC69" box="[663,750,912,938]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35009" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35009" name="New York State Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">NYSM</collectionCode>
|
||
6702).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="54AE56C6BA6F9F314CEE26BBFBD8F842" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" targetBox="[189,1401,995,1672]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6F9F314CEE26BBFBD8F842" blockId="25.[189,1399,1718,1921]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314CEE26BBFEF2F912" bold="true" box="[189,267,1718,1745]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6F9F314D4026BAFD4CF912" authority="Clarke, 1908" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[275,693,1719,1745]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314D4026BAFDEBF912" box="[275,530,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Clionolithes radicans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314E4926BAFD4CF912" author="Clarke" box="[538,693,1719,1745]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314E9226BBFD2FF913" bold="true" box="[705,726,1718,1744]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314F6226D7FC31F937" author="Clarke" box="[817,968,1754,1780]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="146 - 169" refId="ref49949" refString="Clarke J. M. 1908. The beginnings of dependent life. New York State Museum Bulletin 121: 146 - 169." type="journal article" year="1908">Clarke 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 11, fig. 1).
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F3148D526D7FB44F937" bold="true" box="[1158,1213,1754,1780]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B–C</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6F9F314E2A26F3FD30F8DB" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1828" box="[633,713,1790,1816]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Atrypidae" genus="Atrypa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atrypida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314E2A26F3FD30F8DB" box="[633,713,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atrypa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314CEE272DFF2BF8F9" bold="true" box="[189,210,1824,1850]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype of junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6F9F314E1A272DFC2BF8F9" authority="Solle, 1938" authorityName=", Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[585,978,1824,1850]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314E1A272DFCC4F8F9" box="[585,829,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Olkenbachia hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314F1A272DFC2BF8F9" author="Solle" box="[841,978,1824,1850]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314DAF274EFD7FF89D" author="Solle" box="[508,646,1859,1886]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle (1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2).
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314E8C2749FCEAF89D" bold="true" box="[735,787,1860,1886]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6F9F314DCE276AFD74F842" authorityName=", Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[413,653,1895,1921]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6F9F314DCE276AFD74F842" box="[413,653,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Olkenbachia hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6F9F314F15276AFC30F842" author="Solle" box="[838,969,1895,1921]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA6C9F324CEE2106FC9BFD88" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6C9F324CEE2106FED6FEE6" blockId="26.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA6C9F324CEE2106FED6FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F324CEE2106FED6FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA6C9F324CEE2134FC9BFD88" blockId="26.[189,1399,313,587]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6C9F324CEE2134FEA8FE97" author="Solle" box="[189,337,313,340]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied well-preserved natural casts in brachiopod and bivalve shells from the Devonian near Koblenz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA6C9F324D3A2150FE2EFEB4" box="[361,471,349,375]" name="Germany" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and established several ichnospecies within the new ichnogenus
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F32488A2150FA8EFEB4" box="[1241,1399,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F32488A2150FA8AFEB4" authorityName="Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[1241,1395,349,375]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Olkenbachia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA6C9F324CEE218DFE8AFE58" author="Teichert" box="[189,371,384,411]" firstAuthor="Teichert" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="197 - 209" refId="ref53775" refString="Teichert C. 1945. Parasitic worms in Permian brachiopod and pelecypod shells in Western Australia. American Journal of Science 243: 197 - 209." type="journal article" year="1945">Teichert (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F324DA9218DFD69FE59" authorityName="Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[506,656,384,410]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F324DA9218DFD69FE59" box="[506,656,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Olkenbachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reminiscent of Clarke’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F324F9F218DFBA2FE59" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[972,1115,384,410]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F324F9F218DFBA2FE59" box="[972,1115,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Clionolithes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and thus to be regarded as a junior synonym. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6C9F324DA121AEFDA0FE7E" box="[498,601,419,445]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F324ED121AEFD03FE7E" authorityName=", Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[642,762,419,445]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F324ED121AEFD03FE7E" box="[642,762,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6C9F324F5821AEFC91FE7D" box="[779,872,419,446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) is currently lost, but its original illustration and a reinvestigation of several
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6C9F324E6621CAFD5CFE22" box="[565,677,455,481]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
confirm the synonymy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F32485A21CBFB66FE23" authorityName="Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[1033,1183,454,480]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F32485A21CBFB66FE23" box="[1033,1183,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Olkenbachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type ichnospecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F324CEE21E7FECAFDC0" authorityName=", Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,307,489,516]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F324CEE21E7FECAFDC0" box="[189,307,489,516]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. hirsuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F324D2521E7FE06FDC0" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[374,511,489,516]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F324D2521E7FE06FDC0" box="[374,511,489,516]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. radicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA6C9F324E5D21E4FDAAFDC7" box="[526,595,489,516]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1401,995,1672]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F324ECF21E4FC6AFDC0" authorityName="Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[668,915,489,515]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F324ECF21E4FC6AFDC0" box="[668,915,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Olkenbachia simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be a poorly preserved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F32490F21E7FEDDFDE4" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F32490F21E7FEDDFDE4" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. radicans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and not a separate ichnospecies. In contrast, a reinvestigation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA6C9F32480E2201FB3DFDE5" box="[1117,1220,524,550]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA6C9F3248BD2200FA8FFDE5" authorityName="Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[1262,1398,525,551]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pannosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA6C9F3248BD2200FA8FFDE5" box="[1262,1398,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. pannosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identified this ichnospecies as being separate (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |