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<document id="A5726C9FA23D620CBCA6E92F0ED3DB9D" ID-CLB-Dataset="21907" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.390" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839858" ID-ZooBank="4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590155668479" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max" docDate="2017" docId="8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-390.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dendrina lacerata Hofmann 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="7441CF20BA769F284C53200DFFF9FFC3" masterDocTitle="Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698840949990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C04E789F05939E5653C0D21492E71CBF">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7FA6719AC676BD9C6E718BA567EECFD2">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853745" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853745" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA629F3C4E1F25B0FC11FA14" box="[588,1000,1469,1496]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4E1F25B0FC11FA14" blockId="20.[588,1000,1469,1531]" box="[588,1000,1469,1496]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="5B26B122BA629F3C4E1F25B0FC11FA14" box="[588,1000,1469,1496]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4E1F25B0FC11FA14" authority="Hofmann, 1996" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[588,1000,1469,1496]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4E1F25B0FCD0FA1B" bold="true" box="[588,809,1469,1496]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dendrina lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4F6325B0FC11FA14" author="Hofmann" box="[816,1000,1469,1495]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA629F3C4EA425ECFCC5FA38" box="[759,828,1505,1531]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4EA425ECFCC5FA38" blockId="20.[588,1000,1469,1531]" box="[759,828,1505,1531]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA629F3C4EA425ECFCC5FA38" box="[759,828,1505,1531]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA629F3C4CEE262FFCA2F9BD" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE262FFC58F9FF" blockId="20.[189,929,1570,1597]" box="[189,929,1570,1597]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA629F3C4CEE262FFC58F9FF" box="[189,929,1570,1597]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA629F3C4CEE262FFDAFF9FF" box="[189,598,1570,1596]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA629F3C4CEE262FFDAFF9FF" authority="Hofmann, 1996" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,598,1570,1596]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4CEE262FFE6EF9FF" box="[189,407,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dendrina lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4DCD262FFDAFF9FF" author="Hofmann" box="[414,598,1570,1596]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(partim): 78, pl. 8, figs 3–6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE2669FCA2F9BD" blockId="20.[189,859,1635,1662]" box="[189,859,1635,1662]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Piatella-Form – (?)
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA629F3C4DF72669FD60F9BE" author="Bundschuh" box="[420,665,1635,1662]" firstAuthor="Bundschuh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref49875" refString="Bundschuh M. 2000. Silurische Mikrobohrspuren: Ihre Beschreibung und Verteilung in verschiedenen Faziesraumen (Schweden, Litauen, Grossbritannien und USA). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany." type="book" year="2000">Bundschuh 2000: 69</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 10,
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA629F3C4EA42669FCA1F9BD" box="[759,856,1636,1662]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">figs 1–3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA629F3C4CEE26A8FC09F828" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE26A8FE5BF97C" blockId="20.[189,418,1701,1727]" box="[189,418,1701,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="5B26B122BA629F3C4CEE26A8FE5BF97C" bold="true" box="[189,418,1701,1727]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4CEE26A8FE5BF97C" bold="true" box="[189,418,1701,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE26DEFE6AF89B" blockId="20.[189,1399,1747,1880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rosettenförmiges Gangsystem mit sehr breiten und zerlappten Gangformen, häufigen Verschmelzungen einzelner oder mehrerer Gänge und nur wenigen Gangverzweigungen. [Translation: Rosetted boring system with very wide and lobed galleries, common fusion of individual or multiple galleries, and only few ramifications]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE2772FE56F85B" blockId="20.[189,431,1918,1945]" box="[189,431,1918,1945]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="5B26B122BA629F3C4CEE2772FE56F85B" bold="true" box="[189,431,1918,1945]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA629F3C4CEE2772FE56F85B" bold="true" box="[189,431,1918,1945]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA629F3C4CEE27A3FC09F828" blockId="20.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rosette of irregular outline and with wide and lobed galleries, common fusion, and only few ramifications. Inlet tunnel relatively short and often entirely obscured by the rosette.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA639F3D4CEE2106FC0DFC83" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA639F3D4CEE2106FE43FEE6" blockId="21.[189,442,267,293]" box="[189,442,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="5B26B122BA639F3D4CEE2106FE43FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4CEE2106FE43FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Original description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA639F3D4CEE2134FBA3FD77" blockId="21.[189,1399,313,692]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The trace shows, similar to
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA639F3D4E562134FD01FE90" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[517,760,313,339]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4E562134FD01FE90" box="[517,760,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrina orbiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. ichnosp., a distinct central area of
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in diameter (mean
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). For the entire rosette diameters of
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(mean
<quantity id="C729ABABBA639F3D48922150FAD7FEB4" box="[1217,1326,349,375]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.72">1.72 mm</quantity>
) were measured. Characteristic for this form are the very thick, in planar view irregularly-shaped galleries emerging from the central area. These have a distinctly oval cross section with a
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lateral diameter. Anastomoses and fusion of individual or several galleries are common, whereas branching points are rare. If present, branching is dichotomous. Gallery terminations are rounded. Due to the anastomoses and gallery fusion, the distal galleries of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA639F3D4F612200FBF2FDE4" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[818,1035,525,551]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4F612200FBF2FDE4" box="[818,1035,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrina lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. ichnosp. often have larger diameters compared to the proximal ones. Typical for this boring system is furthermore their stacked occurrence and interconnection with tunnels. Galleries connecting to the substrate surface are present at least at the periphery of the rosette (diameter
<quantity id="C729ABABBA639F3D4E85227BFC92FD52" box="[726,875,630,657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20 to 40 µm</quantity>
). The entire rosette is developed about
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below the surface of the belemnite rostrum. [Translated from German]
</paragraph>
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<heading id="5B26B122BA639F3D4CEE22DEFDE8FD2E" bold="true" box="[189,529,723,749]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4CEE22DEFDE8FD2E" bold="true" box="[189,529,723,749]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Supplementary description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA639F3D4CEE230FFC0DFC83" blockId="21.[189,1398,770,832]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA639F3D4CEE230FFE60FCDF" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,409,770,796]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4CEE230FFE60FCDF" box="[189,409,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrina lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often found connected to the periphery of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA639F3D4FEB230FFB38FCDF" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Magdefrau" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[952,1217,770,796]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4FEB230FFB38FCDF" box="[952,1217,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Calcideletrix anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA639F3D48B8230FFA96FCDF" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[1259,1391,770,796]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D48B8230FFA96FCDF" box="[1259,1391,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, forming a composite trace fossil (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA639F3D4E142328FD59FCFC" box="[583,672,805,831]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
and separate section below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA639F3E4CEE2352FA8DFE8A" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA639F3D4CEE2352FD8DFCBA" blockId="21.[189,628,863,889]" box="[189,628,863,889]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="5B26B122BA639F3D4CEE2352FD8DFCBA" bold="true" box="[189,628,863,889]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4CEE2352FD8DFCBA" bold="true" box="[189,628,863,889]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material, locality and horizon</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA639F3E4CEE2380FA8DFE8A" blockId="21.[189,1399,909,971]" lastBlockId="22.[189,1399,267,329]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="B0B90C13BA639F3E4CEE2380FA8DFE8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625219301" country="Germany" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" location="Lagerdorf" municipality="Misburg" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
The
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA639F3D4CA22380FEA1FC64" box="[241,344,909,935]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA639F3D4D342380FE38FC6B" box="[359,449,909,936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) is preserved in an epoxy resin cast of a
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4FC72380FB55FC64" box="[916,1196,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Belemnitella mucronata</emphasis>
rostrum from the upper Campanian
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4DC023BCFD9DFC08" box="[403,612,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">stobaei/basiplana</emphasis>
Zone, sampled in the
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA639F3D4F3523BCFC23FC08" box="[870,986,945,971]" name="Germany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Germania</collectingCountry>
IV quarry near
<collectingMunicipality id="E00A9C34BA639F3D48C023BCFB00FC08" box="[1171,1273,945,971]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Misburg</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA639F3D495723BCFA8AFC08" box="[1284,1395,945,971]" name="Germany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Germany</collectingCountry>
. One
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA609F3E4CA52101FEA2FEE5" box="[246,347,268,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA609F3E4D382106FE3FFEE6" box="[363,454,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) is found on the same and further
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA609F3E4F0E2101FC34FEE5" box="[861,973,268,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(e.g.,
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA609F3E484A2106FB8BFEE6" box="[1049,1138,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1401,1002,1799]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) on three other epoxy casts from belemnite rostra sampled at the
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA609F3E4EE72122FD1EFE8A" box="[692,743,303,329]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
locality and from an outcrop near
<location id="050E5095BA609F3E482E2123FB0CFE8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB:050E5095BA609F3E482E2123FB0CFE8B" box="[1149,1269,302,328]" country="Germany" municipality="Misburg" name="Lagerdorf" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lägerdorf</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA609F3E49522122FA89FE8A" box="[1281,1392,303,329]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="54AE56C6BA639F3D4CEE2712FB1DF82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1823,1849]" targetBox="[189,1401,1002,1799]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA639F3D4CEE2712FB1DF82A" blockId="21.[189,1399,1823,2026]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4CEE2712FEF0F8FA" bold="true" box="[189,265,1823,1849]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA639F3D4D432712FD50F8FA" authority="Hofmann, 1996" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[272,681,1823,1849]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4D432712FE10F8FA" box="[272,489,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendrina lacerata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA639F3D4DBC2712FD50F8FA" author="Hofmann" box="[495,681,1823,1849]" firstAuthor="Hofmann" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 151" refId="ref51480" refString="Hofmann K. 1996. Die mikro-endolithischen Spurenfossilien der borealen Oberkreide Nordwest- Europas und ihre Faziesbeziehungen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Serie A 136: 1 - 151." type="journal article" year="1996">Hofmann, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4EE72712FD30F8FA" bold="true" box="[692,713,1823,1849]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany.
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4E36274EFD80F89E" bold="true" box="[613,633,1859,1885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype.
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D48D1274FFB6EF89F" bold="true" box="[1154,1175,1858,1884]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
. Several paratypes in the periphery of a
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA639F3D4DEF276BFD3CF843" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Magdefrau" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[444,709,1894,1920]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4DEF276BFD3CF843" box="[444,709,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Calcideletrix anomala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type locality.
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D4FB3276BFC0CF843" bold="true" box="[992,1013,1894,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right.
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA639F3D484E27A1FBC8F805" bold="true" box="[1053,1073,1964,1990]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA609F3E4CEE2164FB24FDBB" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA609F3E4CEE2164FED6FE40" blockId="22.[189,303,361,387]" box="[189,303,361,387]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="5B26B122BA609F3E4CEE2164FED6FE40" bold="true" box="[189,303,361,387]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA609F3E4CEE2164FED6FE40" bold="true" box="[189,303,361,387]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA609F3E4CEE219AFB49FE34" blockId="22.[189,1399,407,504]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
A similar form, but either with or without a very thick inlet tunnel, was informally described as Piatella- Form by
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA609F3E4D7921B7FDFEFE17" author="Bundschuh" box="[298,519,442,468]" firstAuthor="Bundschuh" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref49875" refString="Bundschuh M. 2000. Silurische Mikrobohrspuren: Ihre Beschreibung und Verteilung in verschiedenen Faziesraumen (Schweden, Litauen, Grossbritannien und USA). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt am Main, Germany." type="book" year="2000">Bundschuh (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, potentially extending the stratigraphic record of this ichnospecies and for the ichnogenus to the Silurian, although this assignment is made only tentatively here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA609F3E4CEE221AFB24FDBB" blockId="22.[189,1399,535,632]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA609F3E4CEE221AFE6EFDF2" authorityName="Hofmann" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,407,535,561]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="lacerata">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA609F3E4CEE221AFE6EFDF2" box="[189,407,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dendrina lacerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat smaller in diameter than the two other ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA609F3E48E4221AFADEFDF2" authorityName="Quenstedt" authorityYear="1849" box="[1207,1319,535,561]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA609F3E48E4221AFADEFDF2" box="[1207,1319,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in contrast to them it exhibits only a few and much wider lobes, rather than individual or fused galleries. The inlet tunnel usually is less pronounced and shorter than in the other two ichnospecies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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