255 lines
34 KiB
XML
255 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="6656D7193C3F9EA0DEC9E77DE2BF8559" ID-CLB-Dataset="21907" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.390" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839858" ID-ZooBank="4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590155668479" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max" docDate="2017" docId="8878B758BA5E9F024DA62577FE2BFB76" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-390.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Calcideletrix fastigata Wisshak 2017, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="7441CF20BA769F284C53200DFFF9FFC3" masterDocTitle="Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698840949990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="A9AEFA46F3A8720AF9342DC4A8E9E03F">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1E2545F292A1B2B85B58B5B34D9596DB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CAF7FFEDE650D1A15FB3A7A33B5F3434">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="06BF94223190F28BC0E0F793A1781224">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D17A629CAED17790D6C291A4957A4E11">
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<mods:date id="038D3DD721569C3F680DAF03EAA494BF">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="38EA8083F19DAD57CF46FE7C64F03E3D">2017-12-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4F7D48D19683EE51D14CDFD593221A37">390</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="A8ACCDB9AE6CC8891DB6A00044CD303D">99</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="A5037D11AB7D4BCFEEA84B7980C2CD1F" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2017.390</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA5E9F024DA62577FE2BFB76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853633" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853633" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA5E9F024DA62577FE2BFB76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA5E9F024DA62577FE2BFB76" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5E9F004DA62577FBC6FA56" box="[501,1087,1402,1429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004DA62577FBC6FA56" blockId="40.[501,1087,1402,1464]" box="[501,1087,1402,1429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA5E9F004DA62577FBC6FA56" box="[501,1087,1402,1429]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5E9F004DA62577FC4EFA56" authority="(Radtke, 1991)" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Radtke" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[501,951,1402,1429]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="fastigata" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5E9F004DA62577FD06FA57" bold="true" box="[501,767,1402,1429]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Calcideletrix fastigata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5E9F004F5D2577FC57FA56" author="Radtke" box="[782,942,1402,1429]" firstAuthor="Radtke" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref52793" refString="Radtke G. 1991. Die mikroendolithischen Spurenfossilien im Alt-Tertiar West-Europas und ihre palokologische Bedeutung. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 138: 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1991">Radtke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA5E9F004FED2577FBC6FA56" box="[958,1087,1402,1429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5E9F004EA32593FCBAFA7B" box="[752,835,1438,1464]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004EA32593FCBAFA7B" blockId="40.[501,1087,1402,1464]" box="[752,835,1438,1464]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5E9F004EA32593FCBAFA7B" box="[752,835,1438,1464]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839887/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5E9F004CEE25EAFCDDF970" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004CEE25EAFCB9F9C2" blockId="40.[189,832,1511,1537]" box="[189,832,1511,1537]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5E9F004CEE25EAFCB9F9C2" box="[189,832,1511,1537]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5E9F004CEE25EAFD84F9C2" author="Radtke G." box="[189,637,1511,1537]" page="89" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1991">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5E9F004CEE25EAFD84F9C2" authority="Radtke, 1991: 89" authorityName="Radtke" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1991" box="[189,637,1511,1537]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="fastigata">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5E9F004CEE25EAFEC5F9C2" box="[189,316,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Polyactina</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5E9F004D1025EAFE53F9C2" box="[323,426,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fastigata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5E9F004DE225EAFD84F9C2" author="Radtke" box="[433,637,1511,1537]" firstAuthor="Radtke" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref52793" refString="Radtke G. 1991. Die mikroendolithischen Spurenfossilien im Alt-Tertiar West-Europas und ihre palokologische Bedeutung. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 138: 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1991">Radtke, 1991: 89</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 12, figs 3–4.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004CEE263DFCC6F989" blockId="40.[189,995,1584,1716]" box="[189,831,1584,1610]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Algal form B – (?)
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5E9F004DCC263DFD25F989" author="Budd & Perkins" box="[415,732,1584,1610]" firstAuthor="Budd" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="881 - 904" refId="ref49837" refString="Budd D. A. & Perkins R. D. 1980. Bathymetric zonation and paleoecological significance of microborings in Puerto Rican shelf and slope sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 50: 881 - 904." type="journal article" year="1980">Budd & Perkins 1980: 887</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 7B.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004CEE265EFC1AF9AE" blockId="40.[189,995,1584,1716]" box="[189,995,1619,1651]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Morfotipo B
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<subScript id="9C55040BBA5E9F004D032668FEA0F9B0" attach="left" box="[336,345,1637,1651]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2</subScript>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5E9F004D25265EFDE5F9AE" author="Mayoral" box="[374,540,1619,1645]" firstAuthor="Mayoral" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref52261" refString="Mayoral E. 1988. Microperforaciones (Tallophyta) sobre Bivalvia del Plioceno del Bajo Guadalquivir. Importancia paleoecologica. Estudios Geologicos 44: 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="1988">Mayoral 1988</bibRefCitation>
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(partim?): 303, fig. 1.3, pl. 1, figs 2, 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004CEE267BFC8CF952" blockId="40.[189,995,1584,1716]" box="[189,885,1654,1686]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Morfotipo B
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<subScript id="9C55040BBA5E9F004D032685FEA0F955" attach="left" box="[336,345,1672,1686]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3</subScript>
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– (?)
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5E9F004DCD267BFD7BF953" author="Mayoral" box="[414,642,1654,1680]" firstAuthor="Mayoral" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="301 - 316" refId="ref52261" refString="Mayoral E. 1988. Microperforaciones (Tallophyta) sobre Bivalvia del Plioceno del Bajo Guadalquivir. Importancia paleoecologica. Estudios Geologicos 44: 301 - 316." type="journal article" year="1988">Mayoral 1988: 303</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1.4, pl. 1, fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004CEE2694FCDDF970" blockId="40.[189,995,1584,1716]" box="[189,804,1689,1716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20C12160BA5E9F004CEE2694FCDDF970" box="[189,804,1689,1716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5E9F004CEE2694FE53F970" authorityName="Radtke" authorityYear="1991" box="[189,426,1689,1715]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="fastigata">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5E9F004CEE2694FE53F970" box="[189,426,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Polyactina fastigata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA5E9F004D942694FD65F970" box="[455,668,1689,1715]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5E9F004D942694FD65F970" author="Wisshak M." box="[455,668,1689,1715]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="213 - 233" refId="ref54858" refString="Wisshak M. 2008. Two new dwarf Entobia ichnospecies in a diverse aphotic ichnocoenosis (Pleistocene / Rhodes, Greece). In: Wisshak M. & Tapanila L. (eds) Current Developments in Bioerosion: 213 - 233. Springer, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 77598 - 0 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="2008">Wisshak 2008: 43</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 9A–B.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5E9F004CEE26EFFB35F818" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004CEE26EFFE5BF93F" blockId="40.[189,418,1762,1788]" box="[189,418,1762,1788]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA5E9F004CEE26EFFE5BF93F" bold="true" box="[189,418,1762,1788]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5E9F004CEE26EFFE5BF93F" bold="true" box="[189,418,1762,1788]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5E9F004CEE271CFB35F818" blockId="40.[189,1399,1809,2011]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Von einem Hauptast oder einem sehr kleinen zentralen Hohlraum zweigen strahlenartig in einer Ebene Gänge auf, die sich zum distalen Ende hin verjüngen und in dünnen, z. T. sehr langen, verzweigten, rhizoidalen Ausläufern enden. Auf der der Schalenoberfläche zugewandten Seite stehen Rhizoide mit der Oberfläche in Verbindung. [Translation: From a main gallery or a very small central cavity, tunnels radiate and ramify in one plane, and taper along partly very long rhizoidal galleries towards their distal termination. Facing the substrate surface, rhizoids connect the galleries with the surface]</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5F9F014CEE2106FC06FD4E" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5F9F014CEE2106FE43FEE6" blockId="41.[189,1399,267,653]" box="[189,442,267,293]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA5F9F014CEE2106FE43FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014CEE2106FE43FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,267,293]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Original description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5F9F014CEE213BFC06FD4E" blockId="41.[189,1399,267,653]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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The general shape of the trace varies, but follows a dendritic growth pattern. Either from a very small central cavity dichotomously branching galleries radiate, or the central cavity is developed more as an elongated main branch, from which further partly bent galleries emerge. The galleries measure
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<quantity id="C729ABABBA5F9F0149152171FEF5FE79" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8 to 15 µm</quantity>
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in diameter (entire trace:
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<quantity id="C729ABABBA5F9F014E1A2192FCF5FE79" box="[585,780,415,442]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="11.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="625.0" valueMax="1150.0" valueMin="100.0">100 to 1150 µm</quantity>
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) and branching points are mostly swollen (Ø
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<quantity id="C729ABABBA5F9F01496A2192FEF7FE1E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="11.0">11 to 25 µm</quantity>
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). They bifurcate in acute angles (ca 30° to 50°). The transitions to the side branches often show web-like widenings. All traces show the characteristic tapering terminations that lead into bifurcating and partly very long rhizoids (Ø
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<quantity id="C729ABABBA5F9F014E6D2204FD32FDE0" box="[574,715,521,548]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5 to 4 µm</quantity>
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). The latter are not restricted to the terminations but occur in the entire gallery system, facing the substrate surface (Ø then mostly
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||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA5F9F014FAB2221FB6EFD84" box="[1016,1175,556,583]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5 to 1.5 µm</quantity>
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). They partly act as small pillars below the main galleries. In the mostly chaotically arranged rhizoids occasionally spindleshaped swellings (Ø
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<quantity id="C729ABABBA5F9F014DE1227EFDDCFD4E" box="[434,549,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 5 µm</quantity>
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) can be seen. [Translated from German]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5F9F024CEE22A1FB96FDDE" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5F9F014CEE22A1FD8AFD05" blockId="41.[189,1399,684,789]" box="[189,627,684,710]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5F9F014CEE22A1FD8AFD05" bold="true" box="[189,627,684,710]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014CEE22A1FD8AFD05" bold="true" box="[189,627,684,710]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5F9F014CEE22A1FF03FD05" box="[189,250,684,710]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
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material, locality and horizon
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA5F9F014CEE22DAFA8FFCD7" blockId="41.[189,1399,684,789]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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||
The type material consists of a cast with many specimens, collectively addressed as “
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<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5F9F0148E722DAFAD9FD32" box="[1204,1312,727,753]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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” in the original publication, in a resin cast of a shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5F9F014F4622F6FBB3FCD7" authority="O. F. Muller, 1776" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[789,1098,762,788]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014F4622F6FC9CFCD7" box="[789,869,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pecten</emphasis>
|
||
O.F. Müller, 1776
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Sophia Jakoba
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="54AE56C6BA5F9F014CEE26D5FC78F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839887/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[189,232,1752,1778]" targetBox="[189,1401,818,1725]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5F9F014CEE26D5FC78F829" blockId="41.[189,1399,1752,2026]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014CEE26D5FEE2F930" bold="true" box="[189,283,1752,1779]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5F9F014D7726D4FD11F930" authority="(Radtke, 1991)" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Radtke" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[292,744,1753,1779]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species" species="fastigata" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014D7726D4FDD4F930" box="[292,557,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Calcideletrix fastigata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5F9F014E6D26D4FD26F930" author="Radtke" box="[574,735,1753,1779]" firstAuthor="Radtke" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref52793" refString="Radtke G. 1991. Die mikroendolithischen Spurenfossilien im Alt-Tertiar West-Europas und ihre palokologische Bedeutung. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 138: 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1991">Radtke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA5F9F014EA226D4FC8DF930" box="[753,884,1753,1779]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014F2E26D5FC4FF931" bold="true" box="[893,950,1752,1778]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014D0126F1FDC4F8D5" box="[338,573,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5F9F014D0126F1FE0AF8D5" box="[338,499,1788,1814]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Trapeliaceae" genus="Saccomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agyriales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Saccomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
clava
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5F9F014E1626F1FD1DF8D5" author="Radtke" box="[581,740,1788,1814]" firstAuthor="Radtke" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref52793" refString="Radtke G. 1991. Die mikroendolithischen Spurenfossilien im Alt-Tertiar West-Europas und ihre palokologische Bedeutung. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 138: 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1991">Radtke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5F9F0148D426F0FB2EF8D5" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[1159,1239,1789,1814]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F0148D426F0FB2EF8D5" box="[1159,1239,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014DD2276BFE4EF843" bold="true" box="[385,439,1894,1920]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">D–F</emphasis>
|
||
. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5F9F014F8D276BFBD4F843" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[990,1069,1894,1920]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5F9F014F8D276BFBD4F843" box="[990,1069,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5C9F024CEE2106FB96FDDE" blockId="42.[189,1399,267,541]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
8 II locality, Niederrheinische Bucht,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA5C9F024EF62106FCEFFEE6" box="[677,790,267,293]" name="Germany" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Grafenberger Sand Member, Upper Oligocene. Numerous further specimens collectively addressed as “
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024F092122FC29FE8A" box="[858,976,303,329]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
” in several casts of another
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5C9F0249742122FA8EFE8B" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1776" box="[1319,1399,303,328]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Pecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5C9F0249742122FA8EFE8B" box="[1319,1399,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Pecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shell from the same locality, and in casts of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5C9F024EA2215FFCB9FEAF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[753,832,338,364]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5C9F024EA2215FFCB9FEAF" box="[753,832,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shell from the Sophia Jakoba 6 locality, Lower Rhine Embayment;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA5C9F024DE02178FDD8FE4C" box="[435,545,373,399]" name="Germany" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Ratheimer Beds, Lower Oligocene. Hereby, the specimen originally illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA5C9F024D362195FDF2FE71" author="Radtke" box="[357,523,408,434]" firstAuthor="Radtke" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref52793" refString="Radtke G. 1991. Die mikroendolithischen Spurenfossilien im Alt-Tertiar West-Europas und ihre palokologische Bedeutung. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 138: 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1991">Radtke (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 12, figs 3–4) is designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024F8E2195FBB0FE71" box="[989,1097,408,434]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5C9F02480F2195FB4BFE71" box="[1116,1202,408,434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839887/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C), rendering all other specimens in the type material
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024EC521B6FCC6FE16" box="[662,831,443,469]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5C9F024FD821B6FC27FE16" box="[907,990,443,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839887/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F). It is deposited at the Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA5C9F024F1521D2FC4AFE3A" box="[838,947,479,505]" name="Germany" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(inventory numbers: Bo 7/161 for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024CEE220FFED0FDDF" box="[189,297,514,540]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024D31220FFDF6FDDF" box="[354,527,514,540]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
; Bo 7/147 and Bo 7/160 for further
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024FE7220FFB9AFDDE" box="[948,1123,514,541]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA5C9F024CEE224EFE2BFB76" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5C9F024CEE224EFED6FD9E" blockId="42.[189,303,579,605]" box="[189,303,579,605]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA5C9F024CEE224EFED6FD9E" bold="true" box="[189,303,579,605]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5C9F024CEE224EFED6FD9E" bold="true" box="[189,303,579,605]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5C9F024CEE227FFAA3FC9C" blockId="42.[189,1399,626,863]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
In the centre of one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024DBA227FFD6BFD4F" box="[489,658,626,652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(on Bo 7/147), several framboidal pyrite aggregates were found (confirmed
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5C9F024D16229BFE90FD6C" box="[325,361,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">via</emphasis>
|
||
EDX detection of Fe and S in stoichiometric correct proportions), possibly representing pyritised fungal spores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5C9F024D8E22B5FD92FD10" box="[477,619,696,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839887/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). They were surrounded by calcite spar that was dissolved by the hydrochloric acid during the sample preparation procedure, explaining why the centre of the trace was not reached by the epoxy resin impregnation. In the case of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024FEB22F3FBDEFCDB" box="[952,1063,766,792]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, several of these framboidal pyrite aggregates are embedded within the resin at points of slight swellings along the main gallery, as evidenced by a differential SEM signal when using a backscatter electron (BSE) detector (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA5C9F0248B22348FAB4FC9C" box="[1249,1357,837,863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1401,818,1725]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839887/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5C9F024CEE238BFC82FBC9" blockId="42.[189,1398,902,1034]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
This ichnospecies is the smallest representative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA5C9F024F45238BFC56FC63" authorityName="Magdefrau" authorityYear="1937" box="[790,943,902,928]" genus="Calcideletrix" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5C9F024F45238BFC56FC63" box="[790,943,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Calcideletrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It often shows a rather rapid tapering from the generally constant diameter of the central main galleries towards the rhizoidal appendages as well as the extensive peripheral galleries. The latter often show a strict alternating bifurcation pattern, distinguishing it from the other taxa within this ichnogenus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA5C9F024CEE243CFE2BFB76" blockId="42.[189,1399,1073,1205]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Originally established within the ichnogenus
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5C9F024E9E243CFCB5FB88" box="[717,844,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Polyactina</emphasis>
|
||
, but clearly distinguished from its former sister ichnospecies
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA5C9F024D092458FDB3FBAC" box="[346,586,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Polyactina araneola</emphasis>
|
||
(=
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA5C9F024E212458FD5CFBAC" box="[626,677,1109,1135]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
ichnospecies) by being a non-colonial and prostrate trace, the presence of the rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface, and the alternating bifurcation pattern of the peripheral galleries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |