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<mods:title id="AD0A0A0521B154E15084AA5C0805BDD2">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134DB021F2FD17FDD9" bold="true" box="[483,750,511,538]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nododendrina nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4D9F134EA521F2FBA8FDDA" author="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" box="[758,1105,511,538]" firstAuthor="Vogel" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="263 - 290" refId="ref54375" refString="Vogel K., Golubic S. &amp; Brett C. E. 1987. Endolith associations and their relation to facies distribution in the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA. Lethaia 20: 263 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1987. tb 02047. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA4D9F134EA3222FFCBAFDFE" box="[752,835,546,573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1851,1877]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,1368,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[189,1401,1368,1816]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 22. Nododendrina nodosa Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett, 1987. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. B. A more densely branched and anastomosing growth form in an epoxy cast of Athyris McCoy, 1844 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839903/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F134CEE2269FD2EFDBD" authority="Vogel et al., 1987: 270" authorityName="Vogel" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,727,612,639]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE2269FE3AFDBD" box="[189,451,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nododendrina nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4D9F134D9A2269FD2EFDBD" author="Vogel" box="[457,727,612,639]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vogel" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="263 - 290" refId="ref54375" refString="Vogel K., Golubic S. &amp; Brett C. E. 1987. Endolith associations and their relation to facies distribution in the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA. Lethaia 20: 263 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1987. tb 02047. x" type="journal article" year="1987">
Vogel 
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, 1987: 270
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, fig. 4.
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<treatmentCitation id="8170205FBA4D9F134CEE228AFCE4FD62" author="Plewes C. R." box="[189,797,647,673]" page="184" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1996">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE228AFDC2FD62" box="[189,571,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hyellomorpha cheimadendritica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4D9F134E11228AFCE4FD62" author="Plewes" box="[578,797,647,673]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes, 1996: 184</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 32, 
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA4D9F134F29228AFC22FD62" box="[890,987,647,673]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="5.[189,232,1864,1890]" captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionStartId-2="19.[189,232,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1360,264,1538]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1401,267,1277]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1383,265,2019]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[227,1360,231,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure@19.[189,1401,246,1277]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">figs 1–3</figureCitation>
.
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F134CEE22C4FE5EFD20" box="[189,423,713,739]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE22C4FE5EFD20" box="[189,423,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Clionolithes hirsuta</emphasis>
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– 
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4D9F134D9722C4FDBBFD20" author="Solle" box="[452,578,713,739]" firstAuthor="Solle" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="154 - 178" refId="ref53353" refString="Solle G. 1938. Die ersten Bohr-Spongien im europaischen Devon und einige andere Spuren. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 20: 154 - 178." type="journal article" year="1938">Solle 1938</bibRefCitation>
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(partim): 162, fig. 13 (figs 2–4, 8, 11, 14 = 
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F13486D22C4FB3EFD20" box="[1086,1223,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C. radicans</emphasis>
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, figs 5–7, 10 = 
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CB922E1FE68FCC5" box="[234,401,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C. cervicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 9, 15, 17–18 = 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F134ED022E1FCF1FCC5" authorityName="Solle" authorityYear="1938" box="[643,776,748,774]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendrinidae" genus="Olkenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithistida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pannosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134ED022E1FCF1FCC5" box="[643,776,748,774]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C. pannosa</emphasis>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F134CEE2302FE9FFCEA" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,358,783,809]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE2302FE9FFCEA" box="[189,358,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nododendrina</emphasis>
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– 
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4D9F134DD02302FDF7FCEA" author="Vogel K." box="[387,526,783,809]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="207 - 216" refId="ref54205" refString="Vogel K. 1987. Bohrorganismen und Fazies im Mitteldevon des Staates New York, USA. Natur und Museum 117: 207 - 216." type="journal article" year="1987">Vogel 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 4.
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F134CEE233FFE3AFC8F" box="[189,451,818,844]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE233FFE3AFC8F" box="[189,451,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nododendrina nodosa</emphasis>
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– 
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4D9F134DB3233FFD02FC8F" author="Buatois" box="[480,763,818,844]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Buatois" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="102 - 181" refId="ref49743" refString="Buatois L. A., Wisshak M., Wilson M. A. &amp; Mangano M. G. 2017. Categories of architectural designs in trace fossils: A measure of ichnodisparity. Earth Science Reviews 164: 102 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. earscirev. 2016.08.009" type="journal article" year="2017">
Buatois 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134E12233EFD85FC8F" box="[577,636,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 161
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, fig. 75E.
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE237EFE5BFC4E" bold="true" box="[189,418,883,909]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Original diagnosis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA4D9F134CEE23ABFC36FAE3" blockId="59.[189,1399,933,1313]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Rosette-shaped repeatedly branched systems, up to 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA4D9F134F7A23ABFC7CFC02" box="[809,901,934,961]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter (1.06 ± 0.33 [26]). Branches diverge radially, and immediately beneath the substrate surface from a central node (presumably at the original point of entry), with frequent anastomoses. The central nodes are 
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(163 ± 64 [10]) wide, and up to 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA4D9F134D2D241DFE23FBE9" box="[382,474,1040,1066]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
high (207 ± 55 [10]). The node represents the deepest penetrating part of this endolith. Radiating branches originate from the central node as high-crested ridges lowering gradually toward the periphery. The branches diverge in straight line, at angles ranging from 32° to 88° (63 ± 15 [63]), or are curved into U-shaped forks. The branches are high and narrow in cross section, 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA4D9F1348AD2474FA8EFB57" box="[1278,1399,1145,1172]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="18.0">18–47 µm</quantity>
(30.74 ± 7.56 [100]) wide and 
<quantity id="C729ABABBA4D9F134E7E2491FD4FFB74" box="[557,694,1180,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="50.0">50–120 µm</quantity>
(87.05 ± 19.80 [88]) high, covered with larger and smaller spiny outgrowths. The outlines of these branches appear scalloped in both vertical and horizontal projections. Dorsal spines (i.e., those toward the interior of the brachiopod shell) end blindly, whereas the ventral ones form numerous connections with the shell surface.
</paragraph>
<caption id="54AE56C6BA4D9F134CEE2736FCF1F87C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839903/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[189,232,1851,1877]" targetBox="[189,1401,1368,1816]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4D9F134CEE2736FCF1F87C" blockId="59.[189,1399,1851,1983]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE2736FEE0F896" bold="true" box="[189,281,1851,1877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F134D712736FC68F896" authority="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett, 1987" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[290,913,1851,1878]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134D712736FDD0F896" box="[290,553,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nododendrina nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4D9F134E632736FC68F896" author="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" box="[560,913,1851,1878]" firstAuthor="Vogel" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="263 - 290" refId="ref54375" refString="Vogel K., Golubic S. &amp; Brett C. E. 1987. Endolith associations and their relation to facies distribution in the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA. Lethaia 20: 263 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1987. tb 02047. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134FCE2736FC4BF896" bold="true" box="[925,946,1851,1877]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of the brachiopod 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F134D292753FCF1F8BA" authority="Bublichenko, 1959" authorityName="Bublichenko" authorityYear="1959" box="[378,776,1886,1913]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spinocyrtiidae" genus="Mediospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134D292753FDE2F8BB" box="[378,539,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mediospirifer</emphasis>
Bublichenko, 1959
</taxonomicName>
from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F134CEE278FFF28F85F" bold="true" box="[189,209,1922,1948]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
. A more densely branched and anastomosing growth form in an epoxy cast of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4D9F13482A278CFA8EF858" authority="McCoy, 1844" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1844" box="[1145,1399,1921,1947]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Athyrididae" genus="Athyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4D9F13482A278CFB37F858" box="[1145,1230,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Athyris</emphasis>
McCoy, 1844
</taxonomicName>
from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE2106FE56FEE6" blockId="60.[189,431,267,293]" box="[189,431,267,293]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="5B26B122BA4A9F144CEE2106FE56FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,431,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144CEE2106FE56FEE6" bold="true" box="[189,431,267,293]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE2133FDABFE27" blockId="60.[189,1399,317,484]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">From a central node below the point of entry, prostrate branches of rosette diverge radially as highcrested ridges, lowering gradually towards the periphery. Branches diverge in straight lines, at various angles, bear frequent anastomoses, are high and narrow in cross section, and are covered with larger and smaller spiny outgrowths, with dorsal spines ending blindly, whereas the ventral ones form numerous connections with the shell surface.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA4A9F144CEE2206FD2DFD9B" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE2206FE43FDE6" blockId="60.[189,442,523,549]" box="[189,442,523,549]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="5B26B122BA4A9F144CEE2206FE43FDE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,523,549]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144CEE2206FE43FDE6" bold="true" box="[189,442,523,549]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Original description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE2233FD2DFD9B" blockId="60.[189,724,574,600]" box="[189,724,574,600]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">n/a, but see detailed original diagnosis above.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA4A9F144CEE2272FB50FCF6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE2272FD8AFD5A" blockId="60.[189,627,639,665]" box="[189,627,639,665]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="5B26B122BA4A9F144CEE2272FD8AFD5A" bold="true" box="[189,627,639,665]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144CEE2272FD8AFD5A" bold="true" box="[189,627,639,665]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Type material, locality and horizon</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE22BCFB50FCF6" blockId="60.[189,1399,689,821]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<materialsCitation id="B0B90C13BA4A9F144CEE22BCFB50FCF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625219308" collectionCode="Bo" country="United States of America" county="Frankfurt" location="Eighteenmile Creek" municipality="Goethe-Universitat" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="Bo 1/1" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="New York" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA4A9F144CEE22BCFED3FD08" box="[189,298,689,715]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA4A9F144D6E22BCFE52FD0F" box="[317,427,689,716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[189,232,1851,1877]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,1368,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[189,1401,1368,1816]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 22. Nododendrina nodosa Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett, 1987. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. B. A more densely branched and anastomosing growth form in an epoxy cast of Athyris McCoy, 1844 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839903/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
) is cast in epoxy from a 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F144E8C22BCFC79FD08" authorityName="Bublichenko" authorityYear="1959" box="[735,896,689,715]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spinocyrtiidae" genus="Mediospirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144E8C22BCFC79FD08" box="[735,896,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Mediospirifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brachiopod shell from the Erie lakeshore bluffs S of the mouth of 
<location id="050E5095BA4A9F144DB722D8FD36FD2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79:050E5095BA4A9F144DB722D8FD36FD2C" box="[484,719,725,751]" country="United States of America" county="Frankfurt" municipality="Goethe-Universitat" name="Eighteenmile Creek" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="New York">Eighteenmile Creek</location>
4.0– 
<locationDeviation id="11DC1F6CBA4A9F144F5E22D9FBD2FD2C" box="[781,1067,724,751]" location="Wanakah" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<quantity id="C729ABABBA4A9F144F5E22D9FCA7FD2C" box="[781,862,724,751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="km" value="5.5">5.5 km</quantity>
SW of Wanakah
</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingRegion id="C215C8ACBA4A9F14486B22D8FB4DFD2C" box="[1080,1204,725,751]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA4A9F14489322D8FB07FD2C" box="[1216,1278,725,751]" name="United States of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">USA</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="050E5095BA4A9F14495922D8FA8FFD2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79:050E5095BA4A9F14495922D8FA8FFD2C" box="[1290,1398,725,751]" country="United States of America" county="Frankfurt" municipality="Goethe-Universitat" name="Wanakah" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="New York">Wanakah</location>
Member, Ludlowville Formation, Hamilton Group, Givetian, Devonian. The 
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA4A9F14480B22F5FB46FCD1" box="[1112,1215,760,786]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited in the 
<location id="050E5095BA4A9F144CBB2316FEC2FCF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79:050E5095BA4A9F144CBB2316FEC2FCF6" box="[232,315,795,821]" country="United States of America" county="Frankfurt" municipality="Goethe-Universitat" name="Institut" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="New York">Institut</location>
für 
<location id="050E5095BA4A9F144D3F2316FDABFCF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79:050E5095BA4A9F144D3F2316FDABFCF6" box="[364,594,795,821]" country="United States of America" county="Frankfurt" municipality="Goethe-Universitat" name="Geowissenschaften" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="New York">Geowissenschaften</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="E00A9C34BA4A9F144E0E2316FCB8FCF6" box="[605,833,795,821]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Goethe-Universität</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="E90F7EC2BA4A9F144F1E2316FC46FCF6" box="[845,959,795,821]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Frankfurt</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA4A9F144F992316FBCEFCF6" box="[970,1079,795,821]" name="Germany" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<specimenCode id="5077AE35BA4A9F1448142316FB60FCF6" box="[1095,1177,795,821]" collectionCode="Bo" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Bo 1/1</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA4A9F144CEE2350FC5FFB79" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE2350FED6FCB4" blockId="60.[189,303,861,887]" box="[189,303,861,887]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="5B26B122BA4A9F144CEE2350FED6FCB4" bold="true" box="[189,303,861,887]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144CEE2350FED6FCB4" bold="true" box="[189,303,861,887]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE2386FBD7FBCC" blockId="60.[189,1398,907,1039]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4A9F144CEE2386FE9CFC65" author="Plewes" box="[189,357,907,934]" firstAuthor="Plewes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref52551" refString="Plewes C. R. 1996. Ichnotaxonomic Studies of Jurassic Endoliths. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK." type="book" year="1996">Plewes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
established 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144DA62386FC8BFC66" box="[501,882,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
Hyellomorpha 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F144EF62386FC8BFC66" authorityName="Plewes" authorityYear="1996" box="[677,882,907,933]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="cheimadendritica">cheimadendritica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(a 
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144FC42381FBC5FC66" box="[919,1084,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">nomen nudum</emphasis>
because her thesis was not formally published), which bears close enough morphological similarity to 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F14481923A2FB3DFC0B" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[1098,1220,942,968]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F14481923A2FB3DFC0B" box="[1098,1220,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">N. nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, albeit smaller in dimension, to be regarded as a junior synonym. 
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA4A9F144F4023DCFB96FC2F" author="Furlong &amp; McRoberts" box="[787,1135,977,1004]" firstAuthor="Furlong" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="130 - 144" refId="ref50758" refString="Furlong C. M. &amp; McRoberts C. A. 2014. Commensal borings from the Middle Devonian of central New York: Ecologic and taxonomic review of Clionoides, Clionolithes, and Canaliparva n. ichnogen. Journal of Paleontology 88: 130 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 12 - 141" type="journal article" year="2014">Furlong &amp; McRoberts (2014)</bibRefCitation>
regard 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F14489923DFFABBFC28" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[1226,1346,977,1003]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F14489923DFFABBFC28" box="[1226,1346,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">N. nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F144DCE23F8FD62FBCC" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1908" box="[413,667,1013,1039]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Clionolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicans">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144DCE23F8FD62FBCC" box="[413,667,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Clionolithes radicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a view that is not supported here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA4A9F144CEE243BFC5FFB79" blockId="60.[189,1399,1078,1210]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F144CEE243BFE33FB93" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,458,1078,1104]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144CEE243BFE33FB93" box="[189,458,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Nododendrina nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the largest ichnospecies of 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F144F01243BFC02FB93" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[850,1019,1078,1104]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144F01243BFC02FB93" box="[850,1019,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Nododendrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is the only ichnospecies displaying high-crested galleries, the central node thus being less pronounced in its vertical extent. While 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F144D582470FE62FB55" box="[267,411,1149,1174]" class="Globothalamea" family="Anomalinidae" genus="Dendrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Rotaliida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F144D582470FE62FB55" box="[267,411,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">N. europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows only a single plexus emerging from the main node, 
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA4A9F14481A2470FB46FB55" authorityName="Vogel, Golubic &amp; Brett" authorityYear="1987" box="[1097,1215,1148,1174]" class="Monothalamea" family="Astrorhizidae" genus="Nododendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA4A9F14481A2470FB46FB55" box="[1097,1215,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">N. nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a plexus on either side of the node or galleries radiating from all around.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>