230 lines
30 KiB
XML
230 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="819D56AC6A743C12CCE0A1DA20DF3FD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="21907" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.390" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839858" ID-ZooBank="4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590155668479" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max" docDate="2017" docId="8878B758BA3D9F644E722106FE07FA7D" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-390.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pyritonema tigris Wisshak 2017, igen. et isp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="7441CF20BA769F284C53200DFFF9FFC3" masterDocTitle="Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1698840949990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="1485B14BD36407D1DE14576933D688D0">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7741F3A69FA5CE08B772769DDC358944" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2E2CCEBBE3516D8AEF8DCFD7B0B343BC">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="585B579977083F053FA2C90C3E125E8B">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="51ADA8514CA0F4B95BB3F22FC45C110C">
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<mods:date id="06947CB81E324F180C98EFD1A28463D3">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="962E9D37384AD768C815ABA20904C623">2017-12-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6CB537E28F79A97575AB92B8B62439CC">390</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA3D9F644E722106FE07FA7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA3D9F644E722106FE07FA7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA3D9F644E722106FE07FA7D" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3D9F634E722106FB44FE8A" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634E722106FBEAFEE5" blockId="75.[374,1213,267,364]" box="[545,1043,267,294]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA3D9F634E722106FBEAFEE5" box="[545,1043,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA3D9F634E722106FCB2FEE6" authority="Wisshak, 2017" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" box="[545,843,267,294]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Pyritonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tigris" status="igen. et isp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634E722106FCB2FEE6" bold="true" box="[545,843,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Rhopalondendrina tigris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA3D9F634F012106FBEAFEE5" box="[850,1043,267,294]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rank="species">igen. et isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634D252123FB44FE8A" blockId="75.[374,1213,267,364]" box="[374,1213,302,329]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<uri id="74400A4CBA3D9F634D252123FB44FE8A" box="[374,1213,302,329]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="74773C9BBA3D9F634EC72123FB44FE8A" box="[660,1213,302,329]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">F4317101-DB41-4575-A819-43426AF9BC33</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3D9F634EA3215FFBDEFE0A" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634EA3215FFCBAFEAF" blockId="75.[374,1213,267,364]" box="[752,835,338,364]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3D9F634EA3215FFCBAFEAF" box="[752,835,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE2181FCC3FE65" blockId="75.[189,1063,395,458]" box="[189,826,395,422]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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Sponge, Form 1 –
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA3D9F634DC42181FD8EFE65" author="Gunther" box="[407,631,396,422]" firstAuthor="Gunther" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="233 - 262" refId="ref51178" refString="Gunther A. 1990. Distribution and bathymetric zonation of shell-boring endoliths in recent reef and shelf environments: Cozumel, Yucatan (Mexico). Facies 22: 233 - 262." type="journal article" year="1990">Günther 1990: 238</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 56, figs 4–7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE21A2FBDEFE0A" blockId="75.[189,1063,395,458]" box="[189,1063,431,458]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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Echinoid form –
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA3D9F634DD621A2FDB0FE0A" author="Radtke" box="[389,585,431,457]" firstAuthor="Radtke" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref52818" refString="Radtke G. 1993. The distribution of microborings in molluscan shells from recent reef environments at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Facies 29: 81 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02536921" type="journal article" year="1993">Radtke 1993: 90</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 17, fig. 5. —
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<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA3D9F634F4521A2FC36FE0A" author="Glaub" box="[790,975,431,457]" firstAuthor="Glaub" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="63 - 77" refId="ref50977" refString="Glaub I. 2004. Recent and sub-recent microborings from the upwelling area off Mauritania (West Africa) and their implications for palaeoecology. In: McIlroy D. (ed.) The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis: 63 - 77. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 228." type="journal article" year="2004">Glaub 2004: 72</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 4i.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3D9F634CEE21E5FD78FD54" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE21E5FECFFDC1" blockId="75.[189,1398,488,664]" box="[189,310,488,514]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<heading id="5B26B122BA3D9F634CEE21E5FECFFDC1" bold="true" box="[189,310,488,514]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634CEE21E5FECFFDC1" bold="true" box="[189,310,488,514]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE221EFD78FD54" blockId="75.[189,1398,488,664]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Strongly arcuate entry tunnel, occasionally ornamented with a ridge of vertically oriented tapering protrusions, arches back towards the substrate surface, leading to a flat, palmate cavity with short, round or pointed, finger-like protrusions. Trace connected to the substrate surface by short rhizoidal appendages. Texture irregular to hairy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3D9F634CEE22BAFEF0FCDC" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE22BAFEBDFD12" blockId="75.[189,1398,695,799]" box="[189,324,695,721]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA3D9F634CEE22BAFEBDFD12" bold="true" box="[189,324,695,721]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634CEE22BAFEBDFD12" bold="true" box="[189,324,695,721]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE22EFFEF0FCDC" blockId="75.[189,1398,695,799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">From the ancient Greek ‘τίγρις’ (tigris), tiger, referring to the paw-shaped morphology of these dendrinid traces.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3D9F644CEE2332FAC0FE8A" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE2332FD8AFC9A" blockId="75.[189,627,831,857]" box="[189,627,831,857]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="5B26B122BA3D9F634CEE2332FD8AFC9A" bold="true" box="[189,627,831,857]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634CEE2332FD8AFC9A" bold="true" box="[189,627,831,857]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Type material, locality and horizon</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="B0B90C13BA3D9F644CEE2360FAC0FE8A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625219304" collectionCode="SMF" country="Australia" elevation="15" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" location="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="The" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="SMF XXX 872" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE2360FA8FFC68" blockId="75.[189,1398,877,939]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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The
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<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3D9F634CA22360FEA1FC44" box="[241,344,877,903]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3D9F634D342360FE2BFC44" box="[359,466,877,903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
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) and two
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<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3D9F634E172363FD4DFC4B" box="[580,692,878,904]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3D9F634E972360FCD4FC44" box="[708,813,877,903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 30C</figureCitation>
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, E–F) are found in the same epoxy resin cast from an experimental bivalve shell (
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<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA3D9F634E7C239DFD75FC69" box="[559,652,912,938]" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Callista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634E7C239DFD75FC69" box="[559,652,912,938]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Callista</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) that was bioeroded at a water depth of
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<quantity id="C729ABABBA3D9F634824239DFB4CFC68" box="[1143,1205,912,939]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<elevation id="8BFCE17DBA3D9F634824239DFB4CFC68" box="[1143,1205,912,939]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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in Pioneer Bay,
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="54AE56C6BA3D9F634CEE2712FDB9F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[189,232,1823,1849]" targetBox="[189,1399,976,1800]" targetPageId="75">
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<paragraph id="006E064EBA3D9F634CEE2712FDB9F82A" blockId="75.[189,1399,1823,2026]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634CEE2712FEE5F8FA" bold="true" box="[189,284,1823,1849]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 30.</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634D742712FDB5F8FA" box="[295,588,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
Rhopalondendrina
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA3D9F634E5D272DFDB5F8FA" box="[526,588,1824,1849]" class="Hexactinellida" genus="Pyritonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tigris">tigris</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
igen. et
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA3D9F634EE82712FCD8F8F9" box="[699,801,1823,1850]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634F782712FC9BF8FA" bold="true" box="[811,866,1823,1849]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A–B</emphasis>
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||
. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania.
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634E862768FCF7F8BC" bold="true" box="[725,782,1893,1919]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C–D</emphasis>
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||
. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
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||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3D9F634EA827A1FCD6F805" bold="true" box="[763,815,1964,1990]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">E–F</emphasis>
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||
. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE2106FAC0FE8A" blockId="76.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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||
Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef,
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||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3A9F644E362106FD2DFEE6" box="[613,724,267,293]" name="Australia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Australia</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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<collectingMunicipality id="E00A9C34BA3A9F644E8C2106FCF4FEE6" box="[735,781,267,293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">The</collectingMunicipality>
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cast bearing the
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<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3A9F644F872106FBC2FEE6" box="[980,1083,267,293]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3A9F6448202101FB1AFEE5" box="[1139,1251,268,294]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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is deposited in the trace fossil collection of the
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<location id="050E5095BA3A9F644E072123FC10FE8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA3D9F644E722106FE07FA7D:050E5095BA3A9F644E072123FC10FE8B" box="[596,1001,302,328]" country="Australia" municipality="The" name="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3A9F644FA62122FB9BFE8A" box="[1013,1122,303,329]" name="Germany" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<specimenCode id="5077AE35BA3A9F6448222122FAD4FE8A" box="[1137,1325,303,329]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">SMF XXX 872</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3A9F644CEE2165FCE9FCA8" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE2165FEB7FE41" blockId="76.[189,1399,360,676]" box="[189,334,360,386]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA3A9F644CEE2165FEB7FE41" bold="true" box="[189,334,360,386]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3A9F644CEE2165FEB7FE41" bold="true" box="[189,334,360,386]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE219EFEA7FD67" blockId="76.[189,1399,360,676]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The trace originates at a single, circular to oval entrance, from which an arcuate entry tunnel enters the substrate sub-vertically, arches back towards the surface and forms a wide prostrate fan with short, radiating, finger-like, round or pointed protrusions, giving the trace a distinct paw-like appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3A9F644C9521F0FEE6FDD4" box="[198,287,509,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). The surface texture of the entrance tunnel, and particularly of the palmate cavity, is irregular and often bears hairy or cone-shaped protrusions. Along the entrance tunnel, these may form a vertical cockscomb-shaped ridge (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3A9F644ED8224EFD0EFD9E" box="[651,759,579,605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
|
||
, D–E). The trace is connected to the substrate surface, at least at the periphery of the trace, by short rhizoidal appendages of only a few micrometres in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3A9F644C952284FEE2FD67" box="[198,283,649,676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[189,232,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[189,1399,976,1800]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
C–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE22C9FCE9FCA8" blockId="76.[189,1399,707,875]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
For morphometrical data, four semi-mature to mature specimens (including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3A9F64483D22C9FB57FD1D" box="[1134,1198,708,734]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">types</typeStatus>
|
||
) were measured. The length of these traces varied from
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644EDA22EBFCC1FCC2" box="[649,824,742,769]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" metricValueMax="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="152.0" valueMax="179.0" valueMin="125.0">125 to 179 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 150 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644FA422EAFBBCFCC2" box="[1015,1093,743,769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 µm</quantity>
|
||
) and the maximum width of the trace measured
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644DED2307FDA0FCE7" box="[446,601,778,805]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" metricValueMax="11.1" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="82.0" valueMax="111.0" valueMin="53.0">53 to 111 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 85 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644F502307FCAAFCE7" box="[771,851,778,804]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
|
||
). The diameter of the proximal entrance tunnel measured
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644D662320FE3CFC8B" box="[309,453,813,840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="21.0">21 to 33 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 27 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644E222320FD48FC8B" box="[625,689,813,840]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
|
||
) and the maximum depth of penetration was quantified with a range from
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644D09235DFE01FCA8" box="[346,504,848,875]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="0.83" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="112.0" valueMax="141.0" valueMin="83.0">83 to 141 µm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 109 ±
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644EE0235DFCFAFCA8" box="[691,771,848,875]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 µm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3A9F644CEE2387FE07FA7D" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE2387FED6FC67" blockId="76.[189,1399,906,1109]" box="[189,303,906,932]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<heading id="5B26B122BA3A9F644CEE2387FED6FC67" bold="true" box="[189,303,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3A9F644CEE2387FED6FC67" bold="true" box="[189,303,906,932]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE23A0FCFCFB97" blockId="76.[189,1399,906,1109]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
This trace was first reported in samples from Cozumel,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C215C8ACBA3A9F644F1823A3FC50FC0B" box="[843,937,942,968]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3A9F644FEA23A0FBEFFC0B" box="[953,1046,941,968]" name="Mexico" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA3A9F64481823A0FAF9FC04" author="Gunther" box="[1099,1280,941,967]" firstAuthor="Gunther" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="233 - 262" refId="ref51178" refString="Gunther A. 1990. Distribution and bathymetric zonation of shell-boring endoliths in recent reef and shelf environments: Cozumel, Yucatan (Mexico). Facies 22: 233 - 262." type="journal article" year="1990">Günther (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under the informal name ‘Sponge, Form 1’, and closely reminiscent traces were later reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA3A9F64489E23DDFA8EFC28" author="Radtke" box="[1229,1399,976,1003]" firstAuthor="Radtke" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="81 - 92" refId="ref52818" refString="Radtke G. 1993. The distribution of microborings in molluscan shells from recent reef environments at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Facies 29: 81 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02536921" type="journal article" year="1993">Radtke (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from mollusc shells sampled at Lee Stocking Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3A9F644F7323F9FC76FBCD" box="[800,911,1012,1038]" name="Bahamas" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
, informally addressed as ‘Echinoid form’. This informal name was also adopted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA3A9F644EF7241AFCBDFBF2" author="Glaub" box="[676,836,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Glaub" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="63 - 77" refId="ref50977" refString="Glaub I. 2004. Recent and sub-recent microborings from the upwelling area off Mauritania (West Africa) and their implications for palaeoecology. In: McIlroy D. (ed.) The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Analysis: 63 - 77. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 228." type="journal article" year="2004">Glaub (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who found the trace in samples from depths of
|
||
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3A9F644CEE2437FEC2FB96" box="[189,315,1082,1109]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="54.5" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="41.0">41 to 68 m</quantity>
|
||
on the continental shelf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3A9F644E2F2437FCF8FB97" box="[636,769,1082,1108]" name="Mauritania" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE2479FB96FAFD" blockId="76.[189,1399,1140,1343]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
All of the three previous records and the new record (from Australia’s Great Barrier Reef) are from modern seas, and there is no unequivocal fossil material to choose
|
||
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3A9F644FE12495FC1CFB71" box="[946,997,1176,1202]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material from. However, since this peculiar bioerosion trace is quite distinctive, it is herein nevertheless established as a new ichnospecies, based on the new material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3A9F644E7F24D0FD62FB34" box="[556,667,1245,1271]" name="Australia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This is in line with the interpretation of the fossilisation barrier in bioerosion trace fossils, as discussed recently by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="64407BBFBA3A9F644F5C250CFBB3FADF" author="Bromley & Nielsen" box="[783,1098,1281,1308]" firstAuthor="Bromley" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="453 - 455" refId="ref49507" refString="Bromley R. G. & Nielsen K. S. S. 2015. Bioerosional ichnotaxa and the fossilization barrier. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 85: 453 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.14241 / asgp. 2015.033" type="journal article" year="2015">Bromley & Nielsen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Since no definition of the fossilisation barrier is given in the ICZN, this practice does not violate the Code.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3A9F644CEE2553FE07FA7D" blockId="76.[189,1399,1374,1471]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
This ichnospecies is clearly distinguished from the other three ichnospecies of
|
||
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3A9F64480A2553FACCFABB" box="[1113,1333,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Rhopalondendrina</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA3A9F64496E2553FF16FA5F" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">igen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the strongly arching entry tunnel and the overall paw-shaped appearance of the trace, with only short prostrate appendages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |