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<document id="301F82375D2C52C18C36770AA3943DA7" ID-CLB-Dataset="21907" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.390" ID-GBIF-Dataset="54438cfa-5f3a-4ee3-85c8-00e453a6d641" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3839858" ID-ZooBank="4D1D1CA3-8345-4BA3-9C7C-5EBDD40752CE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590155668479" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Wisshak, Max" docDate="2017" docId="8878B758BA3B9F664E6F21FFFB9EFE70" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-390.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 390" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Antodendrina ligula Wisshak 2017, isp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="12CB3E8D-D5D7-4C07-B99D-C581C0BED15A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="7441CF20BA769F284C53200DFFF9FFC3" masterDocTitle="Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1698840949990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5E7433D2F1C7F8F1D723CDF8958E20FB">Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora’s box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96BFAAFC3FE642549335C3341BCEEFBA">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63F545B3138D3F5300A33C180A81A4C1">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="73B99C1BA0D0E2420EBC36073BCED4B7">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3E4286A3A2A014CCF9589584215B217C">2017-12-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4AA7DA53250C4DD1D6AB7151E5A04587">390</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8878B758BA3B9F664E6F21FFFB9EFE70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3853665" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164249342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3853665" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:12CB3E8D-D5D7-4C07-B99D-C581C0BED15A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878B758BA3B9F664E6F21FFFB9EFE70" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3B9F654E6F21FFFC00FDCE" box="[572,1017,498,525]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654E6F21FFFC00FDCE" blockId="77.[354,1235,498,595]" box="[572,1017,498,525]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="5B26B122BA3B9F654E6F21FFFC00FDCE" box="[572,1017,498,525]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA3B9F654E6F21FFFCC8FDCE" authority="Wisshak, 2017" authorityName="Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" box="[572,817,498,525]" genus="Antodendrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="ligula">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654E6F21FFFCC8FDCE" bold="true" box="[572,817,498,525]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Antodendrina ligula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
igen. et
<taxonomicNameLabel id="29966727BA3B9F654FC521FFFC00FDCE" box="[918,1017,498,525]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3B9F654D312218FCBAFD90" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654D312218FB2AFDF3" blockId="77.[354,1235,498,595]" box="[354,1235,533,560]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<uri id="74400A4CBA3B9F654D312218FB2AFDF3" box="[354,1235,533,560]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="74773C9BBA3B9F654ED62218FB2AFDF3" box="[645,1235,533,560]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">12CB3E8D-D5D7-4C07-B99D-C581C0BED15A</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654EA32234FCBAFD90" blockId="77.[354,1235,498,595]" box="[752,835,569,595]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F654EA32234FCBAFD90" box="[752,835,569,595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3B9F654CEE228FFEE2FCD6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE228FFECFFD5F" blockId="77.[189,310,642,668]" box="[189,310,642,668]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="5B26B122BA3B9F654CEE228FFECFFD5F" bold="true" box="[189,310,642,668]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654CEE228FFECFFD5F" bold="true" box="[189,310,642,668]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE22B9FEE2FCD6" blockId="77.[189,1399,692,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Initial depression tear-shaped or elongate, with thin connections leading to up to six radiating and distinctly widening lobes with rounded termination, from which thin, ramifying, tapering filaments may emerge.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3B9F654CEE2349FB73FC53" box="[189,1162,836,912]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE2349FEBDFC9D" blockId="77.[189,324,836,862]" box="[189,324,836,862]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="5B26B122BA3B9F654CEE2349FEBDFC9D" bold="true" box="[189,324,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654CEE2349FEBDFC9D" bold="true" box="[189,324,836,862]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE237BFB73FC53" blockId="77.[189,1162,886,912]" box="[189,1162,886,912]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">From the Latin ‘ligula’, spoon, referring to the shape of the lobes of this dendrinid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3B9F654CEE23B2FADAFB5B" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE23B2FD8DFC1A" blockId="77.[189,628,959,985]" box="[189,628,959,985]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="5B26B122BA3B9F654CEE23B2FD8DFC1A" bold="true" box="[189,628,959,985]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654CEE23B2FD8DFC1A" bold="true" box="[189,628,959,985]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Type material, locality and horizon</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE23FCFADAFB5B" blockId="77.[189,1399,1009,1176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<materialsCitation id="B0B90C13BA3B9F654CEE23FCFADAFB5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2625219306" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" location="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" municipality="The" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="SMF XXX 873, SMF XXX 874" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
The
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3B9F654CA023FCFEA3FBC8" box="[243,346,1009,1035]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F654D3823FCFE47FBC8" box="[363,446,1009,1035]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
A–C) and the
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3B9F654E3A23FFFD37FBCF" box="[617,718,1010,1036]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F654E8C23FCFCB4FBC8" box="[735,845,1009,1035]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31D</figureCitation>
), together with numerous further
<specimenCount id="16D7CDC7BA3B9F65488E23FCFAAEFBC8" box="[1245,1367,1009,1035]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="generic">specimens</specimenCount>
in all stages of ontogeny, are cast in epoxy resin from two fragments of
<taxonomicName id="C7D17DCDBA3B9F654F8D2418FB91FBED" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1814" box="[990,1128,1045,1070]" class="Bivalvia" family="Inoceramidae" genus="Inoceramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654F8D2418FB91FBED" box="[990,1128,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Inoceramus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="16D7CDC7BA3B9F65483C2418FB68FBEC" box="[1135,1169,1045,1071]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="generic">sp.</specimenCount>
bivalve shells from the Upper Campanian (
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654D802435FDA3FB92" box="[467,602,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">grimmensis</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654E39243AFD15FB92" box="[618,748,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">granulosus</emphasis>
Zone), sampled in the Saturn Quarry near Kronsmoor,
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3B9F654CEE2456FED5FBB6" box="[189,300,1115,1141]" name="Germany" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="E00A9C34BA3B9F654D652456FE9DFBB6" box="[310,356,1115,1141]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">The</collectingMunicipality>
casts are deposited in the trace fossil collection of the
<location id="050E5095BA3B9F654F8D2456FA8BFBB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8878B758BA3B9F664E6F21FFFB9EFE70:050E5095BA3B9F654F8D2456FA8BFBB6" box="[990,1394,1115,1141]" country="Germany" municipality="The" name="Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Senckenberg Institute in Frankfurt</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="78C646DEBA3B9F654CEE2473FED3FB5B" box="[189,298,1150,1176]" name="Germany" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<specimenCode id="5077AE35BA3B9F654D692473FE0AFB5B" box="[314,499,1150,1176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">SMF XXX 873</specimenCode>
, including the
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3B9F654EF32473FCF3FB5B" box="[672,778,1150,1176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and
<specimenCode id="5077AE35BA3B9F654F142473FC06FB5B" box="[839,1023,1150,1176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">SMF XXX 874</specimenCode>
, including the
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3B9F6548FF2473FAEEFB5B" box="[1196,1303,1150,1176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48CB55C5BA3B9F664CEE24CAFB9EFE70" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE24CAFEB7FB22" blockId="77.[189,334,1223,1249]" box="[189,334,1223,1249]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="5B26B122BA3B9F654CEE24CAFEB7FB22" bold="true" box="[189,334,1223,1249]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="32A5DA5CBA3B9F654CEE24CAFEB7FB22" bold="true" box="[189,334,1223,1249]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F654CEE24F4FD19F8E0" blockId="77.[189,1399,1273,1828]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
The characteristic blossom-shaped outline of this dendrinid trace is most conspicuous when filled with white chalk sediment, contrasting the darker colour of the inoceramid bivalve substrate (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F6548B62511FF2CFA99" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31A, F, H</figureCitation>
), or the inverse pattern in transmission light micrographs of transparent substrates (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F6548FD254DFAE5FA99" box="[1198,1308,1344,1370]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31G</figureCitation>
). These traces have so far been found, often clustered in high numbers (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F654FF6256EFBE8FABE" box="[933,1041,1379,1405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31A</figureCitation>
, F–G), exclusively in shells of inoceramid bivalves, preferably on their inner surface, where they show various degrees of xenoglyphic patterns caused by the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell microstructure (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F65488425A4FA90FA07" box="[1239,1385,1449,1476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31B, H</figureCitation>
). From a small initial point of entry, the ontogeny of the trace starts out with a single tear-shaped depression or elongate cavity (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F654DF125FDFDF4F9C9" box="[418,525,1520,1546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31E</figureCitation>
). From this cavity, several radiating and rather rapidly widening (laterally and vertically) lobes emerge, one after another, until a maximum of six lobes are formed. This process partly obscures the original shape of the initial cavity, so that the initial point of entry (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F6548EF263BFADCF993" box="[1212,1317,1590,1616]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
) is not always visible. The lobes are straight or bent and end in blunt, club-shaped terminations, from which ramifying thin galleries may emerge that spread and taper along the delineations of the calcite prisms (
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F654C9526ADFEC8F979" box="[198,305,1696,1722]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
). In some cases, the cavities are shallower and the thin connections of the lobes to the central depression may be almost or actually intermittent. This morphological expression is represented by the
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3B9F654CEE26EAFEDBF8C2" box="[189,290,1767,1793]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="98EA1ACBBA3B9F654D6226EBFE67F8C3" box="[305,414,1766,1792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="78.[189,232,1716,1742]" captionTargetBox="[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[189,1401,484,1686]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 31D</figureCitation>
). In any case, the deepest relief is reached near the terminations of the lobes. Surface texture is uniformly smooth to slightly bulged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006E064EBA3B9F664CEE275FFB9EFE70" blockId="77.[189,1399,1874,2006]" lastBlockId="78.[189,1399,267,435]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Concerning morphometry, a total of 36 individuals with at least three lobes were measured (including the
<typeStatus id="DF6AB8ECBA3B9F654CBE277BFEC9F853" box="[237,304,1910,1936]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
). The length of these intermediate or late ontogenetic stages varies from
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3B9F6548EF277BFA8EF853" box="[1212,1399,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" metricValueMax="6.75" metricValueMin="2.8899999999999997" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="482.0" valueMax="675.0" valueMin="289.0">289 to 675 µm</quantity>
(mean = 502 ±
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3B9F654D212795FE39F870" box="[370,448,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 µm</quantity>
) and the central cavity was measured to be
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3B9F654F972795FB9DF870" box="[964,1124,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="0.67" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="171.0" valueMax="275.0" valueMin="67.0">67 to 275 µm</quantity>
(mean = 162 ±
<quantity id="C729ABABBA3B9F6549732794FA97F870" box="[1312,1390,1945,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 µm</quantity>
) in length. Note that for practical reasons the maximum diameter was measured as the distance between opposing terminations of the lobes, even though thin filaments with indistinct terminations may extend a couple of hundred microns further along the substrate surface, leading to an actual extent of the trace of up to around a millimetre. There is a maximum of 6 lobes (mean = 4 ± 1; n = 160), with a length of
<quantity id="C729ABABBA389F664CEE2178FE99FE4C" box="[189,352,373,399]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.955" metricValueMax="3.08" metricValueMin="0.83" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="195.5" valueMax="308.0" valueMin="83.0">83 to 308 µm</quantity>
(mean = 191 ±
<quantity id="C729ABABBA389F664E712178FD8AFE4C" box="[546,627,373,399]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 µm</quantity>
; n = 160), a minimum width of
<quantity id="C729ABABBA389F664FA52178FB82FE4C" box="[1014,1147,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 55 µm</quantity>
(mean = 21 ±
<quantity id="C729ABABBA389F66497C2178FA8BFE4C" box="[1327,1394,373,399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 µm</quantity>
; n = 160) and a maximum width of
<quantity id="C729ABABBA389F664E052195FD0DFE70" box="[598,756,408,435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="16.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="164.0" valueMin="16.0">16 to 164 µm</quantity>
(mean = 73 ±
<quantity id="C729ABABBA389F664FF32195FC09FE70" box="[928,1008,408,435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 µm</quantity>
; n = 160).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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