treatments-xml/data/79/3D/B8/793DB868311EFF9CFF18FA31B1B0FC73.xml

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<mods:title id="8AFD302A21CAB2D6B2290AA2862CB257">Notes on the genus Polycaena Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with descriptions of two new species from China</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F12B097E311EFF9FFF18FA31B0A4FA45" blockId="9.[151,678,1435,1495]" box="[151,678,1435,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<heading id="AA63BE12311EFF9FFF18FA31B0A4FA45" bold="true" box="[151,678,1435,1462]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFF18FA31B0A4FA45" authority="Grum-Grshimailo, 1891" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,678,1435,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lua" subSpecies="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18FA31B0A4FA45" bold="true" box="[151,678,1435,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18FA31B373FA46" bold="true" box="[151,369,1435,1461]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Polycaena lua lua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFEF7FA36B0A4FA45" author="Grum-Grshimailo" box="[376,678,1436,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="Grum-Grshimailo, G. (1891) Lepidoptera nova in Asia centrali novissime lecta et descripta. Horae societatis entomologicae Rossicae, 25, 445 - 465." type="journal article" year="1891">Grum-Grshimailo, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311EFF9FFF10FA14B325FA24" box="[159,295,1470,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 24" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 24. Habitus of Polycaena taxa at same scale. 1 – 8 — Polycaena kansuensis; 1 – 2 — syntype ♂ and its labels; 3 – 6 — ♂♂ from Xiahe, S Gansu; 7 – 8 — ♂ from Xining, NE Qinghai. 9 – 13 — P. lama; 9 — syntype ♂ (after Leech [1893]); 10 — syntype ♀ (after Leech [1893]); 11 — ♂ from Litang; 12 — ♀ from Kangding; 13 — ♂ from Yajiang. 14 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype ♂. 15 – 18 — P. sejila; 15 – 16 — holotype ♂; 17 – 18 — paratype ♂. 19 – 20 — P. lua taibaiensis, ♂♂ from Chang-an, Shaanxi. 21 – 22 — P. lua lua; 21 — ♂ from Huangyuan, NE Qinghai; 22 — ♂ from Guoluo, Qinghai. 23 – 24 — P. m i no r; 23 — ♂ from Batang, W Sichuan; 24 — ♂ from Yushu, SE Qinghai. 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 17 — upper side; 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 18 — underside; 9 – 14, 19 – 24 — upper side (left half) and underside (right half)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258395/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Figs. 21–22</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311EFF9FFEBDFA14B379FA24" box="[306,379,1470,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,733,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 49. ♂ genitalia in lateral view at same scale. 41 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 42 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 43 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 5); 44 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 45 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 46 — P. lua lua (Fig. 21); 47 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 48 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 20); 49 — P. minor (Fig. 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258397/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">45–46</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311EFF9FFE09FA14B3CDFA24" box="[390,463,1470,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="5.[151,264,823,846]" captionTargetBox="[185,1415,193,792]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[172,1416,193,805]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Tegumen and scaphium in dorsal view (50 – 52, 55 – 58 at same scale; 53 – 54 at an enlarged scale). 50 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 51 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 52 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 53 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 54 — P. m i no r (Fig. 23); 55 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 56 — P. lua lua (Fig. 21); 57 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 58 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258398/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">55–56</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311EFF9FFE55FA14B3FBFA24" box="[474,505,1470,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 59 – 65" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[175,1410,1001,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1411,987,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 59 – 65. Inner lateral view of left valva (left half) and outer lateral view of left valva (right half) (59 – 61 at same scale; 62 – 65 at an enlarged scale). 59 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 60 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 61 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 62 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 63 — P. minor (Fig. 23); 64 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 65 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258399/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">64</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311EFF9FFD8BFA15B021FA24" box="[516,547,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 72" captionStartId="6.[151,264,893,916]" captionTargetBox="[177,1412,193,876]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[177,1413,193,877]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 72. Inner lateral view of right valva, central plate, juxta and phallus and dorsal view of juxta (at left bottom) (66 – 68 at same scale; 69 – 72 at an enlarged scale). 66 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 67 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 68 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 69 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 70 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 71 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 72 — P. minor (Fig. 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258400/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">70</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311EFF9FFDA1FA15B04EFA25" box="[558,588,1471,1494]" captionStart="FIGURES 73 – 79" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1412,339,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[169,1413,339,1439]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 73 – 79. Lateral view of central plate (at top), dorsal view of central plate (at center) and lateral or ventral view of phallus (at bottom) (73 – 75 at same scale; 76 – 79 at an enlarged scale). 73 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 74 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 75 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 76 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 77 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 78 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 79 — P. minor (Fig. 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258401/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">77</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311EFF9FFDD7FA15B077FA24" box="[600,629,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 88" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1629,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1629,1908]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 88. Upper (left half) and under (right half) sides of antennal club. 80 — Polycaena carmelita; 81 — P. matuta shii; 82 — P. chauchowensis chauchowensis; 83 — P. princeps minensis; 84 — P. lama; 85 — P. kansuensis; 86 — P. sejila; 87 — P. minor; 88 — P. lua lua." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258402/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">88</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311EFF9FFF18F9ACB099F927" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFF18F9ACB068F9EF" authority="Grum-Grshimailo, 1891: 454" authorityName="Grum-Grshimailo" authorityPageNumber="454" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,618,1542,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18F9ACB32EF9EF" box="[151,300,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Polycaena lua</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="70352F6F311EFF9FFEB8F9ACB068F9EF" author="Grum-Grshimailo" box="[311,618,1542,1564]" page="454" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFEB8F9ACB031F9EF" author="Grum-Grshimailo" box="[311,563,1542,1564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="Grum-Grshimailo, G. (1891) Lepidoptera nova in Asia centrali novissime lecta et descripta. Horae societatis entomologicae Rossicae, 25, 445 - 465." type="journal article" year="1891">Grum-Grshimailo, 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 454
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, TL: “Sinin-Schan”, now Gui-da-sha Valley, on current road from Xining to Agong, Qinghai (
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFEF8F98FB0A3F9C8" author="Grieshuber" box="[375,673,1573,1595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="Grieshuber, J. &amp; Churkin, S. (2003) Grum-Grshimailo's journey through China with notes on some Colias taxa. Helios (Moscow), 4, 224 - 243, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="2003">Grieshuber &amp; Churkin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
); 
<treatmentCitation id="70352F6F311EFF9FFD3CF98FB161F9C8" author="South" box="[691,867,1573,1595]" page="109" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFD3CF98FB133F9C8" author="South" box="[691,817,1573,1595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="South, R. (1902) Catalogue of the collection of Palaearctic butterflies formed by the late John Henry Leech, and presented to the trustees of the British Museum by his mother, Mrs. Eliza Leech. Printed order of the Trustees, London, 228 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1902">South, 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 109
</treatmentCitation>
, list of specimens from Amdo; 
<treatmentCitation id="70352F6F311EFF9FFB2BF98FB750F9C8" author="Stichel" box="[1188,1362,1573,1595]" page="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFB2BF98FB72FF9C8" author="Stichel" box="[1188,1325,1573,1595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="Stichel, H. (1928) Revision of Nemeobiinae of the world. Gen. Polycaena. Tierreich, 51, 20 - 25." type="journal article" year="1928">Stichel, 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 21
</treatmentCitation>
, key to species, 22, fig. 13 for ♂; 
<treatmentCitation id="70352F6F311EFF9FFE40F9EFB07CF9A9" author="Forster" box="[463,638,1604,1626]" page="63" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFE40F9EFB05BF9A9" author="Forster" box="[463,601,1604,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="Forster, W. (1951) Die Riodiniden der Ausbeuten Dr. Hones aus China. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 36, 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1951">Forster, 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 63
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 4, fig. 4 for ♂ from Kukunor.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311EFF9FFF18F9C8B0F1F98B" blockId="9.[151,1436,1542,1749]" box="[151,755,1634,1656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFF18F9C8B030F98B" authority="D'Abrera, 1993: 393" authorityName="D'Abrera" authorityPageNumber="393" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,562,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lua" subSpecies="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18F9C8B34DF98B" box="[151,335,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Polycaena lua lua</emphasis>
: D’Abrera, 1993: 393
</taxonomicName>
, figs. for ♂ &amp; ♀♀.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311EFF9FFF18F92BB06CF964" blockId="9.[151,1436,1542,1749]" box="[151,622,1665,1687]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1842E50311EFF9FFF18F92BB06CF964" box="[151,622,1665,1687]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFF18F92BB339F964" box="[151,315,1665,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18F92BB339F964" box="[151,315,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Polycaena lama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFECEF928B068F964" authority="Oberthur, 1903: 268" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1903" box="[321,618,1665,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lua" variety="lua">
var. 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFEE3F92BB38EF964" box="[364,396,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">lua</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="70352F6F311EFF9FFE15F92BB068F964" author="Oberthur" box="[410,618,1665,1687]" page="268" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFE15F92BB035F964" author="Oberthur" box="[410,567,1665,1687]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="Oberthur, C. (1903) Description d'une nouvelle espece de Polycaena. Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 1903, 268 - 270." type="journal article" year="1903">Oberthür, 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 268
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311EFF9FFF18F90AB0A8F945" blockId="9.[151,1436,1542,1749]" box="[151,682,1696,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFF18F90AB0A4F945" authority="Rober, 1903: 358" authorityName="Rober" authorityPageNumber="358" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,678,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="princeps" variety="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18F90AB35DF945" box="[151,351,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Polycaena princeps</emphasis>
Zeitform 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFE49F90AB3E4F945" box="[454,486,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">lua</emphasis>
: Röber, 1903: 358
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311EFF9FFF18F96AB099F927" blockId="9.[151,1436,1542,1749]" box="[151,667,1726,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFF18F96AB333F927" box="[151,305,1726,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hyporion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18F96AB333F927" box="[151,305,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Hyporion lama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFEE1F914B041F927" authority="Seitz, 1909: 253" authorityName="Seitz" authorityPageNumber="253" authorityYear="1909" box="[366,579,1726,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFEE1F914B38CF927" box="[366,398,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">lua</emphasis>
: Seitz, 1909: 253
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 89b.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311EFF9CFF18F8ABB6A9FD93" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311EFF9FFF18F8ABB6ECF8CD" blockId="9.[151,1436,1793,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF18F8ABB2FDF8E9" bold="true" box="[151,255,1793,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Material</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="898349EE311EFF9FFE9EF8A8B36CF8E9" box="[273,366,1794,1818]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: Qinghai province: 
<specimenCount id="E792C2F7311EFF9FFDD8F8A8B079F8E9" box="[599,635,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Xining City, Huangyuan County, Xianghe, 
<quantity id="366CA49B311EFF9FFB0BF8ABB6E2F8EA" box="[1156,1248,1793,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="852A2FBE311EFF9FFB60F8A8B770F8E9" box="[1263,1394,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" value="2012-06-27">27.VI.2012</date>
, K. Song leg.; 
<specimenCount id="E792C2F7311EFF9FFE80F88CB336F8CD" box="[271,308,1830,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Dawu, 
<quantity id="366CA49B311EFF9FFCEEF88CB1BAF8CE" box="[865,952,1830,1854]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="852A2FBE311EFF9FFC4CF88FB64DF8CD" box="[963,1103,1829,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" value="2004-07-16">16.VII.2004</date>
, K. Song leg..
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311EFF9CFF48F8E3B6BCFF27" blockId="9.[151,1436,1793,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,896]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFF48F8E3B372F891" bold="true" box="[199,368,1865,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Identification.</emphasis>
Though the 
<typeStatus id="2E2FB7DC311EFF9FFD82F8E0B03FF891" box="[525,573,1866,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">type</typeStatus>
specimens of this taxon have never been published in the literature, the following characters revealed in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311EFF9FFCA8F8C7B638F875" author="Grum-Grshimailo" box="[807,1082,1901,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" refString="Grum-Grshimailo, G. (1891) Lepidoptera nova in Asia centrali novissime lecta et descripta. Horae societatis entomologicae Rossicae, 25, 445 - 465." type="journal article" year="1891">Grum-Grshimailo, 1891</bibRefCitation>
) clearly defines this taxon and distinguishes it from the other known species of the genus, except only 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFC45F838B628F85A" box="[970,1066,1938,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFC45F838B628F85A" box="[970,1066,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">P. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1) forewing upper side of male has outer half fulvous in ground color and marked by black markings (different from that of 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFB10F81CB395F802" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFB10F81CB6F4F83E" box="[1183,1270,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hyporion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">P. lama</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFA8FF81CB79AF83E" box="[1280,1432,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kansuensis">P. kansuensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFF18F870B332F802" box="[151,304,2010,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wangjiaqii">P. wangjiaqii</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFEB2F870B395F802" box="[317,407,2009,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejila">P. sejila</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311EFF9FFE5CF870B050F802" box="[467,594,2010,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311EFF9FFE5CF870B050F802" box="[467,594,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">P. princeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 2) hindwing upper side of male is black-brown, with fulvous markings restricted near outer margin and interrupted (different from that of 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFC01FF33B1FAFF43" box="[910,1016,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matuta">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFC01FF33B1FAFF43" box="[910,1016,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. matuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 3) hindwing underside of male has black spots at basal and discal areas (different from that of 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFCA3FF17B1B1FF27" box="[812,947,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carmelita">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFCA3FF17B1B1FF27" box="[812,947,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. carmelita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFC66FF17B6ACFF27" box="[1001,1198,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chauchowensis">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFC66FF17B6ACFF27" box="[1001,1198,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. chauchowensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FF75B341FE06" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
This taxon was repeatedly illustrated by later authors (Seitz, 1909; 
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311DFF9CFC58FF75B673FF0B" author="Stichel" box="[983,1137,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" refString="Stichel, H. (1928) Revision of Nemeobiinae of the world. Gen. Polycaena. Tierreich, 51, 20 - 25." type="journal article" year="1928">Stichel, 1928</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311DFF9CFB0FFF4AB719FF0B" author="Forster" box="[1152,1307,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" refString="Forster, W. (1951) Die Riodiniden der Ausbeuten Dr. Hones aus China. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 36, 62 - 65." type="journal article" year="1951">Forster, 1951</bibRefCitation>
; D’Abrera, 1993) and all of these illustrations are identical in wing-pattern, especially in the unique pattern of the discocellular cell (a small spot in costal half but no spot or marking in anal half) on hindwing underside which is not shared by any other species. There is no confusion about this species in the references. The area around the 
<typeStatus id="2E2FB7DC311DFF9CFB7FFEE7B722FE96" box="[1264,1312,333,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">type</typeStatus>
locality of this taxon has been thoroughly explored by a friend of the authors, and only two 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFB90FEDAB697FE7B" box="[1055,1173,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFB90FEDAB697FE7B" box="[1055,1173,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Polycaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have ever been collected: one with fulvous postdiscal markings on forewing upper side, belonging to 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFBFCFE3FB6B2FE5F" box="[1139,1200,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. l ua</emphasis>
; another with white postdiscal spots on forewing upper side, belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFC94FE13B1B7FE23" box="[795,949,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kansuensis">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFC94FE13B1B7FE23" box="[795,949,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. kansuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; no specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFB05FE13B6ECFE3C" box="[1162,1262,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFB05FE13B6ECFE3C" box="[1162,1262,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ever been collected there.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FE55B6A9FD93" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FE55B373FDEB" bold="true" box="[199,369,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Wing-pattern.</emphasis>
Forewing upper side of both sexes has a continuous fulvous postdiscal band; hindwing upper side of both sexes has no clear marking or pale patch inside of the submarginal markings; discocellular cell of hindwing underside in both sexes has a black spot in costal half and is unmarked in anal half.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF48FDC6B742FCE6" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="description">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FDC6B742FCE6" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FDC6B37AFD76" bold="true" box="[199,376,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Uncus in dorsal view is trifurcate. Fenestrula between tegumen and scaphium is transverse and well present at middle. Valva is elongate and has no ventral branch found in 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFC73FD3BB64CFD5B" box="[1020,1102,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. l a m a</emphasis>
. Ampulla of valva is slightly overlapped by harpe. Harpe of valva has no inner process rising from sacculus. Posterior branches of central plate are rather short in dorsal view and depressed in lateral view. Juxta has dorsal part extending only anteriorly in lateral view. Phallus in lateral view has a dorsal corner. Coecum penis in dorsal view is expanded laterally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF48FCB5B34BFCAF" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FCB5B34BFCAF" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FCB5B336FCCB" bold="true" box="[199,308,799,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Remarks</emphasis>
. The male genitalia morphology strongly supports this taxon to be independent from both 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFAC9FC8BB79EFCCB" box="[1350,1436,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Hyporion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFAC9FC8BB79EFCCB" box="[1350,1436,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. lama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFF49FCEFB340FCAF" box="[198,322,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF49FCEFB340FCAF" box="[198,322,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. princeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF48FCCDB1B0FC73" box="[199,946,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FCCDB1B0FC73" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,896]" box="[199,946,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FCCDB362FC73" bold="true" box="[199,352,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Distribution.</emphasis>
Restricted to NE Qinghai (Xining area and Guoluo).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>