185 lines
18 KiB
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185 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3493113-35ec-4c31-b7cc-b32cd9c717e2" ID-PMC="PMC4319052" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-478-45" ID-PubMed="25685010" ID-ZBK="EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-478-45" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 478" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)" checkinTime="1451244725713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Molineri, Carlos, Salles, Frederico F. & Peters, Janice G." docDate="2015" docId="40BB0378B353B371DE6A3DFABB03EAA2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 478: 45-128" docOrigin="ZooKeys 478" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057" docTitle="Asthenopodes traverae Molineri, Salles & Peters, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="D3A80802-232F-4930-99FC-D7C0EDC862D1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFBFFF8FFFA98B3E3C274356FFB0EE6C" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1668159874580" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Molineri, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salles, Frederico F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peters, Janice G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>478</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>128</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-478-45</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EC360FAF6BF94FEF96DAF336302D1789</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058038" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D3A80802-232F-4930-99FC-D7C0EDC862D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40BB0378B353B371DE6A3DFABB03EAA2" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="76" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Ephemeroptera Polymitarcyidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D3A80802-232F-4930-99FC-D7C0EDC862D1" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="31" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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, 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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, 13B, D, F, 20C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asthenopodes</taxonomicName>
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sp. "females from Uruguay",
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<bibRefCitation author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 5.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="material">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Holotype (IBN) male and paratypes (IBN) 4 males and 22 females (slides IBN468-469CM) from ARGENTINA, Misiones, Parque Provincial
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Urugua-í">Urugua-i</normalizedToken>
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, Arroyo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Uruzú">Uruzu</normalizedToken>
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, 7−11.xii.1999, C. Molineri col.; 1 female imago ("
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asthenopodes</taxonomicName>
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sp." Traver det.) from URUGUAY, Artigas (Uruguay 19), 9.i.1952; and 27 female adults from URUGUAY, Artigas, Sepulturas (D-3), 18.xii.1952, Carbonell col. Paratypes from Uruguay deposited in FCE-Ep.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Non-type material: 1 female (wings on slide) from BRAZIL, Sao Paulo,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jacareí">Jacarei</normalizedToken>
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, rio Paraiba do Sul, 21.xi.1987, CG Froehlich et al. cols (deposited at MZSP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Four autapomorphies characterize this species, all are small changes in continuous characters, except the marked shortening of the median remnant of styliger plate (at the middle, since laterally a tong-like projection is present, Fig. 12C).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is known in the alate and egg stages, all females are subimagos even those that apparently have laid the eggs (empty females). This species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) males yellowish white, females blackish; 2) FW length male 14.0-14.5 mm, female 15.5-22.5 mm, membrane yellowish hyaline; 3) male foreleg length 0.9-1.0 times the length of FW; 4) pronotum width/length ratio: 1.3-1.9 (male), 2.0 (female); 5) 16-22 marginal intercalary veins present on the entire margin of FW (also present in HW) generally longer than distance between longitudinal veins, fused to main veins, poorly anastomosed (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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); 6) male FW with 4 to 5 cross veins between Rs and MA basal to Rs fork; 7) ratio total length/basal width of forceps 4.7-4.9 (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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); 8) median remnant of styliger plate posterolaterally expanded forming a pair of rounded projections, penes large and robust, sclerotized, curved and twisted (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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); 9) female sternum VIII with anteromedian sockets well developed, whitish surrounded by a large brownish area (Fig. 13D); 10) egg caps small, much thinner than maximum width of the egg, formed by 5-6 filaments; medium-sized and small chorionic plates present (Fig. 13B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Male imago. Length (mm): body, 12.2-13.5; FW, 14.0-14.5; HW, 6.8-7.3; foreleg, 12.3-14.0; cerci, 35.5-38.5. General coloration yellowish white. Head shaded black dorsally almost entirely, with a pair of distinct submedian black marks anteriorly to median ocellus; occipital hind margin with pale median zone; head ventrally pale without markings. Antennae: scape and pedicel short, yellowish on venter of pedicel, both slightly shaded with gray; flagellum very thin, hyaline, similar in length to forefemur. Thorax. Pronotum translucent, shaded slightly with gray except on membranes separating anterior and posterior rings, darker laterally; pronotum width/length: 1.3-1.9. Meso- and metanotum yellowish white with gray markings mainly posteriorly but also on sutures. Thoracic pleurae and sterna yellowish white shaded gray only at base of coxae and wings. Legs. Forelegs: coxa dorsally whitish with a gray mark, ventrally yellowish; femur dorsally yellowish shaded gray on apical third, ventrally whitish; tibia whitish translucent shaded gray mainly on dorsum; tarsi translucent shaded slightly with gray; large claws, stalk with brown inner margin, rest whitish; articulations between femur-tibia and tibia-tarsus very sclerotized, brownish. Middle and hind legs yellowish, shaded with gray from half of femur to apex of leg. Wings (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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). Membrane hyaline slightly tinged with gray on costal and subcostal sectors (membrane yellowish under transmitted light); all veins light gray, lighter toward hind margin; 5 cross veins between R stem and M sector; long marginal intercalaries on hind margin of both wings. Abdomen yellowish white widely shaded with gray, some darker marks as follows: submedian short anterior dashes and sublateral oblique stripes on terga
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VIII">III-VIII</normalizedToken>
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, lateral margins of terga
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VIII–IX">VIII-IX</normalizedToken>
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, and median line of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IX–X">IX-X</normalizedToken>
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(thinner on X). Abdominal sterna whitish except gill sclerites yellowish white. Genitalia (Fig. 12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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): lateral margins of sternum IX and pedestals yellowish; median remnant of styliger plate whitish with a gray strip on hind margin between the tongue-like projections (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ll”">"Ll"</normalizedToken>
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Fig. in Fig. 12D); pedestals well separated from each other, relatively long and becoming wider distally; forceps whitish, long and wide; base of penes well developed, subquadrate, whitish; penes strongly sclerotized, orangeish basally but yellowish distally. Cerci whitish, terminal filament reduced to 7-8 thin annuli, straight, whitish.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Female subimago. Length (mm): body, 9.5-19.0; forewing, 15.5-22.5; hind wing, 7.5-11.5; cerci 3.5-4.0. General coloration dark brown shaded widely with black. Head black dorsally, yellowish white ventrally except on remnants of tusks, brownish. Antennae dark brownish except apical half of flagellum whitish. Thorax. Sclerites dark brown, membranes shaded black. Pronotum width/length: 2. Legs brownish except membranous portions, whitish. Wings (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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) with yellowish brown membranes and veins, veins C and Sc darker. Abdomen. Terga dark brown completely shaded black; sterna paler, brownish laterally, yellowish medially, with two or more pairs of small pale dots; sternum VIII with two small anteromedian sockets (Fig. 13D). Caudal filaments brownish, terminal filament shorter than tergum VIII, cerci 0.3-0.4 times the length of the abdomen (0.2 the length of FW).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Eggs (Fig. 13B). Length, 305-355
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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; width, 195-225
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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. Two small polar caps (maximum width, 70-82.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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) formed by 5-6 long coiled threads. Chorionic surface smooth with regularly spaced chorionic plates. Chorionic plates (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“disk-like”">"disk-like"</normalizedToken>
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structures) relatively small and rounded, with irregular margins. Smaller plates, irregular in form scattered between the larger ones.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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The species is dedicated to the great mayfly specialist Jay R Traver, who visited Uruguay and worked with Mr. C. S.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Carbonell’s">Carbonell's</normalizedToken>
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collections at the "Museo de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="República”">Republica"</normalizedToken>
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recognizing the females of this species as distinct from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
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(also unknown at that time).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Parana biogeographic subregion in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="biological remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Biological remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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Females subimagos were collected (in Misiones Province) while swarming in compact groups at about 3 m above water in pool areas around sunset. The same behavior was reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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for the Uruguayan females. Males were caught at light traps during the first hours of dark, so the male flight is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="76">
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<bibRefCitation author="Traver, JR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="54" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 10" title="The genus Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera)." volume="4" year="1956">Traver (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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described females of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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as distinct from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
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in spite of the fact that the female of that species was also unknown at that time. Nevertheless Traver realized that they differ from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
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males in color and size, and left them unnamed. With the collection of new material from both species (and sexes) in Misiones (Argentina), it became evident that they constitute a new species.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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females can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
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females by their black general coloration, somewhat slender forewings, femora and cerci widely shaded with black, and enlarged abdominal gill sclerites (remnants of nymphal gill muscles insertions), for other differences see discussion under
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus picteti" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picteti">Asthenopus picteti</taxonomicName>
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. Very similar in aspect but much smaller are the females of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes chumuco" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chumuco">Asthenopodes chumuco</taxonomicName>
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, the allopatric sister species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopodes traverae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="traverae">Asthenopodes traverae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |