371 lines
46 KiB
XML
371 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BCB0F02238EF83CD0135C47AC82B5420">Larva and pupa of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EC575F70DC44C43704A765D5DB1A4DB1">Simões, Marianna V. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FA15DDABEA8EAB617943D46A06541880">Quintino, Hingrid Y. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28529A509E92699B2EB3F3830814B85B">Monné, Marcela L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C9BC2A1FCA92A0EB55843ED981A52754">2009</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0DA038378AD72635541F7A" authority="Germar, 1824" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,578,335,361]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA038378AD72637C51F7A" bold="true" box="[151,211,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nilio</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA03837F9D72636331F7A" bold="true" box="[228,293,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Linio</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA038362BD72636991F7A" bold="true" box="[310,399,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">lanatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA038368AD72635541F7A" author="Germar" box="[407,578,335,361]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Germar, E. F. (1824) Species insectorum novae aut minus cognitae, descriptionibus illustratae. Volumen Primum. Coleoptera. Halae: J. C. Hendelii et filii, xxiv + 624 pp, 2 pls." type="book" year="1824">Germar, 1824</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA038378AD71B36301F9F" blockId="1.[151,578,335,396]" box="[151,294,370,396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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(
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<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA0383782D71B360B1F9F" box="[159,285,370,396]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStart-2="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId-0="2.[151,269,1918,1942]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,270,1970,1994]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,270,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox-0="[185,1395,465,1862]" captionTargetBox-1="[203,1430,200,1933]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1436,194,1651]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,419,1893]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[162,1431,197,1948]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1656]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 10. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7 – 10, mandibles, 7 – 8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9 – 10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 11 – 14. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 11, dorsal view; 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 14, enlarged view of the mesothorax spiracle." captionText-2="FIGURES 15 – 19. Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 15, pupa, dorsal view; 16, pupa, ventral view; 17, pupa with the last larval exuvium, lateral view; 18, last larval exuvium and pupa exuvium; 19, larvae and pupae alive on a tree trunk." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/189322/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/189323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs. 1–19</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA038378AD7A936321FC4" box="[151,292,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nilio lanatus</emphasis>
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: 161
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA038350CD7A9345A1FC4" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[529,844,448,471]" page="122" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1844">
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA038350CD7A934051FC4" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[529,787,448,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie du regne animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non figurees de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptif mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de zoologie. Tome III. Texte explicatif. Paris: J. B. Bailliere, xvi + 576 pp + 110 pls." type="book" year="1844">Guérin-Méneville 1844</bibRefCitation>
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: 122
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA0383446D7A933381FC4" author="Thomson" box="[859,1070,448,471]" page="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1860">
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: 12
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA0383320D7A932111FC4" author="Ihering" box="[1085,1287,448,471]" page="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA0383320D7A933D81FC4" author="Ihering" box="[1085,1230,448,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Ihering, R. von (1914) As especies brazileiras de Nilionidas (Coleopteros) e a posicao systematica da familia, pelo estudo das larvas. Revista do Museu Paulista, 9, 281 - 306." type="journal article" year="1914">Ihering 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 299
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA0383208D7A936231FE4" author="Blackwelder" page="503" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1945">
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: 503
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA038365DD78936F11FE4" author="Watt" box="[320,487,480,503]" page="426" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA038365DD78936A71FE4" author="Watt" box="[320,433,480,503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Watt, J. C. (1974) A revised subfamily classification of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1 (4), 381 - 452." type="journal article" year="1974">Watt 1974</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 426
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 78;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA0383558D78934AF1FE4" author="Gil-Santana" box="[581,953,480,503]" page="272" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA0383558D78934951FE4" author="Gil-Santana" box="[581,899,480,503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Gil-Santana, H. R. & Marques, O. M. (2008) Contribuicao ao conhecimento de Nilio barthi Costa Lima & Seabra (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Nilioninae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 42, 271 - 278." type="journal article" year="2008">Gil-Santana & Marques 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 272
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.
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<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0DA038378AD46935381C04" authority="Mader 1936: 95" authorityName="Mader" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,558,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA038378AD46937DA1C04" box="[151,204,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nilio</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA03837C1D46936021C04" box="[220,276,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Linio</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA0383639D46936641C04" box="[292,370,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">lanatus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA038369DD46935381C04" author="Mader" box="[384,558,512,535]" page="95" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA038369DD46935131C04" author="Mader" box="[384,517,512,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Mader, L. (1936) Bestimmungstabelle der Coleopterenfamilie Nilionidae. Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, 10 (2), 73 - 102." type="journal article" year="1936">Mader 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 95
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA038378AD44935FE1C24" blockId="1.[151,1436,448,567]" box="[151,744,544,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA038378AD449364B1C24" box="[151,349,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nilio paralanatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA038367ED449353A1C24" author="Ihering" box="[355,556,544,567]" page="290" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA038367ED44936E11C24" author="Ihering" box="[355,503,544,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Ihering, R. von (1914) As especies brazileiras de Nilionidas (Coleopteros) e a posicao systematica da familia, pelo estudo das larvas. Revista do Museu Paulista, 9, 281 - 306." type="journal article" year="1914">Ihering, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 290
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="3614109FCC0DA038352AD44935F21C24" author="Mader" box="[567,740,544,567]" page="95" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" year="1936">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0DA038352AD44935AA1C24" author="Mader" box="[567,700,544,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" refString="Mader, L. (1936) Bestimmungstabelle der Coleopterenfamilie Nilionidae. Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, 10 (2), 73 - 102." type="journal article" year="1936">Mader 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 95
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA038378AD40F35551CE7" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA038378AD40F35071C93" bold="true" box="[151,529,614,640]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Diagnostic characters of larva</emphasis>
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||
. Body elongate. Head and prothorax orangish; mesonotum, metanotum, and tergites dark brown to black; mesosternum, metasternum, legs, and abdominal sterna whitish to brown. Dorsal region with very dense, erect, long (white) and short (black) setae. Head with four stemmata. Mesothorax with one pair of ventral annular spiracles.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FFAF6505CC0DA03837DBD569324319E3" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837DBD56933531D08" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" box="[198,1093,768,795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0DA03837DBD56936A91D09" bold="true" box="[198,447,768,794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Description of larva</emphasis>
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(last instar). Length
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<quantity id="704D9B6BCC0DA03835AED56834061D08" box="[691,784,769,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
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, maximum width
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<quantity id="704D9B6BCC0DA03834F9D56833571D08" box="[996,1089,769,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D541320E1D9C" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Body elongate, moderately convex. Integument slightly sclerotized; head and prothorax orangish; mesonotum, metanotum, and tergites dark brown to black; mesosternum, metasternum, legs, and abdominal sterna whitish to brown. Dorsal region with very dense, erect, long (white) and short (black) setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D5F5323C1A10" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA0383608D5F536901DA5" box="[277,390,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,465,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,419,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7 – 10, mandibles, 7 – 8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9 – 10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
) hypognathous, half width of prothorax, rounded laterally and with short, black, dense setae. Epicranial stem long, frontal arms U-shaped. Four small stemmata present, three arranged in a semicircular row near antennal insertion, and one widely separated stemmatum, near ventral region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D27935E61A43" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Antennae 3-segmented, short, almost lateral and dorsally directed; antennomeres I and III annular, short and transverse; II cylindrical, 6 times longer than I.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D23432121BE9" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Clypeus trapezoidal with distal area membranous; two setae near each lateral margin. Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA0383257D23432841A64" box="[1354,1426,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,465,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,419,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7 – 10, mandibles, 7 – 8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9 – 10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) transverse, with sparse, moderately long setae, two long setae near each lateral margin and a row of short setae on the apical margin. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA038352FD2C3356F1AD7" box="[562,633,1194,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,465,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,419,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7 – 10, mandibles, 7 – 8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9 – 10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) with short dense setae directed medially. Gular sutures short. Gula transverse. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA03836B5D2B835301AF8" box="[424,550,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,465,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,419,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7 – 10, mandibles, 7 – 8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9 – 10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs. 7–10</figureCitation>
|
||
) robust, asymmetrical, with three teeth; lateral margin with setae near base; mola well developed, rounded, and more elongate on left mandible. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA0383365D29133D31B01" box="[1144,1221,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,465,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,419,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7 – 10, mandibles, 7 – 8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9 – 10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate; cardo transverse; stipes elongate and with three long setae near palpifer and smaller, sparse setae near lateral margin; mala elongate with rounded apices and with dense short setae on the outer margin. Palpifer visible. Maxillary palpi with three palpomeres, gradually shorter and narrower toward apices, last palpomere rounded. Labium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA0383782D3FB37F11BBF" box="[159,231,1426,1452]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[185,1395,465,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,419,1893]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7 – 10, mandibles, 7 – 8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9 – 10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate; labial palpi with two palpomeres; proximal palpomere robust, distal palpomere smaller and narrower; prementum elongate, rounded at sides and with sparse setae; postmentum elongate, rectangular with dense, long and short setae. Ligula membranous, elongated, with rounded apices and short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D06F35E11886" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Prothorax slightly shorter than following thoracic segments combined; anterior margin rounded. Mesothorax with one pair of ventral annular spiracles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA0383437D04434921854" box="[810,900,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[203,1430,200,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1431,197,1948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 11, dorsal view; 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 14, enlarged view of the mesothorax spiracle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189322/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs well separated, 5-segmented, slender, subequal in length and with sparse, long and short setae; coxa elongate; trochanter subtriangular; femur slightly longer than tibia; tarsungulus without setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D0C835C7191B" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Abdomen 10-segmented. Segments 1–8 transverse, similar, gradually narrowing to the apices and with one pair of dorsolateral annular spiracles on each segment. Segment 9 very short, without urogomphi; segment 10 reduced, distal, and bilobate at apex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D17C335B193C" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" box="[197,1101,1813,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Description of pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA03836A0D17C355B193C" box="[445,589,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,270,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,194,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 15, pupa, dorsal view; 16, pupa, ventral view; 17, pupa with the last larval exuvium, lateral view; 18, last larval exuvium and pupa exuvium; 19, larvae and pupae alive on a tree trunk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs. 15–18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length
|
||
<quantity id="704D9B6BCC0DA03835A6D17C340E193C" box="[699,792,1813,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum width
|
||
<quantity id="704D9B6BCC0DA03834F1D17C335C193C" box="[1004,1098,1813,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837D8D155351C19D9" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Ventral region brownish, dorsal region orangish to dark brown; thorax with yellowish dorsomedian line; elytra with irregular orangish spots. Dorsal region with dense short dark-brown setae and long whitish hairs. Head invisible from above; pronotum transverse, projected at sides. Abdominal segments 1–5 with one pair of halteriform projections at sides.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0DA03837DBD1BF324319E3" blockId="1.[151,1437,614,2032]" box="[198,1365,2006,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The pupa remains inside the last larval cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0DA03835EDD1BF346819E3" box="[752,894,2006,2032]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,270,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,194,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 15, pupa, dorsal view; 16, pupa, ventral view; 17, pupa with the last larval exuvium, lateral view; 18, last larval exuvium and pupa exuvium; 19, larvae and pupae alive on a tree trunk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189323/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Figs. 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
), covering the last abdominal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFAF6505CC0EA03D37DBD6FE322D192E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0EA03B37DBD6FE32241F89" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B37DBD6FE362E1EA2" bold="true" box="[198,312,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The larvae of the described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0EA03B3413D6F1349C1EA1" box="[782,906,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nilioninae">Nilioninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar in general aspect, and differ mainly by the pattern of coloration of the body and pilosity.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0EA03B344BD6D733261ECB" box="[854,1072,190,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Costa, C., Vanin, S. A. & Casari-Chen, S. A. (1988) Larvas de Coleoptera do Brasil. Sao Paulo: Universidade de Sao Paulo, 282 pp + 163 pls." type="book">
|
||
Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B34BDD6D634CC1ECB" box="[928,986,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1988)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed the larva and pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0EA03B37A5D68C366C1EED" box="[184,378,229,255]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varius" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B37A5D68C37E21EED" box="[184,244,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B3618D68C36031EED" box="[261,277,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">L</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B362DD68C366C1EED" box="[304,378,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">varius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in this species the larval body is distinctly large and the mesothoracic spiracles are elliptical. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0EA03B3636D76536E31F36" box="[299,501,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B3636D76536701F36" box="[299,358,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B366BD76536901F36" box="[374,390,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">L</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B3682D76536E31F36" box="[415,501,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">lanatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the larval body is elongate and the mesothoracic spiracles are annular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC0EA03B322AD76532981F35" box="[1335,1422,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 14" captionStartId="3.[151,270,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[203,1430,200,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1431,197,1948]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 14. Larva of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 11, dorsal view; 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 14, enlarged view of the mesothorax spiracle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189322/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC0EA03B3625D75B35BF1F5F" author="Gil-Santana" box="[312,681,306,332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" refString="Gil-Santana, H. R. & Marques, O. M. (2008) Contribuicao ao conhecimento de Nilio barthi Costa Lima & Seabra (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Nilioninae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 42, 271 - 278." type="journal article" year="2008">Gil-Santana & Marques (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0EA03B35A8D75B34C01F58" box="[693,982,306,332]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barthi" subGenus="Micronilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B35A8D75B35E61F58" box="[693,752,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B341CD75B346B1F58" box="[769,893,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Micronilio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B3492D75B34C01F58" box="[911,982,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">barthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only three stemmata arranged in a semicircular row near antennal insertion;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0EA03B359BD73034421F61" box="[646,852,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B359BD73035D71F61" box="[646,705,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B35CED73035F51F61" box="[723,739,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">L</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B35E0D73034421F61" box="[765,852,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">lanatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three, corresponding stemmata arranged in a semicircular row, but a fourth small stemmatum is present, widely separated, near the ventral region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E3CA6606CC0EA03B378AD117364019C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189321/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[185,1395,465,1862]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0EA03B378AD117364019C8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1918,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B378AD11736461985" bold="true" box="[151,336,1918,1942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 1–10.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0EA03B36A4D11734241986" authority="Germar, 1824" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1824" box="[441,818,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B36A4D11736F81986" box="[441,494,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B36E3D11735201986" box="[510,566,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Linio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0EA03B355BD11735831986" box="[582,661,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">lanatus</emphasis>
|
||
Germar, 1824
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 1, head, dorsal view; 2, head, ventral view; 3, maxilla; 4, labium; 5, labrum; 6, epipharynx; 7–10, mandibles, 7–8 left, dorsal and ventral view; 9–10 right, dorsal and ventral view. Scale bars, 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E3CA6606CC0FA03A378AD1DB354319FE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[203,1430,200,1933]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC0FA03A378AD1DB354319FE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1970,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0FA03A378AD1DB364819D9" bold="true" box="[151,350,1970,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">FIGURES 11–14.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC0FA03A36D4D1DB345119DA" authority="Germar, 1824" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1824" box="[457,839,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0FA03A36D4D1DB36E919DA" box="[457,511,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0FA03A3512D1DB355119DA" box="[527,583,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Linio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC0FA03A3545D1DB35B119DA" box="[600,679,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">lanatus</emphasis>
|
||
Germar, 1824
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 11, dorsal view; 12, ventral view; 13, lateral view; 14, enlarged view of the mesothorax spiracle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E3CA6606CC08A03D378AD0F9329C18D9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189323/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[158,1436,194,1651]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC08A03D378AD0F9329C18D9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1680,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D378AD0F9364818BB" bold="true" box="[151,350,1680,1704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">FIGURES 15–19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC08A03D3678D0F835F718BB" authority="Germar, 1824" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1824" box="[357,737,1681,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D3678D0F8368D18BB" box="[357,411,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D36B6D0F836F518BB" box="[427,483,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Linio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D36E9D0F8355518BB" box="[500,579,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">lanatus</emphasis>
|
||
Germar, 1824
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 15, pupa, dorsal view; 16, pupa, ventral view; 17, pupa with the last larval exuvium, lateral view; 18, last larval exuvium and pupa exuvium; 19, larvae and pupae alive on a tree trunk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC08A03D37DBD095322D192E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1788,2008]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D37DBD09536C21905" bold="true" box="[198,468,1788,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFA2761ECC08A03D36F3D094354A1904" box="[494,604,1789,1815]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia (Parque Nacional do Itatiaia)
|
||
<quantity id="704D9B6BCC08A03D322FD094328E1904" box="[1330,1432,1789,1815]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C30B104ECC08A03D378AD14A3609192E" box="[151,287,1827,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" value="2007-11-16">16.XI.2007</date>
|
||
, 2 mature larvae,
|
||
<specimenCount id="A1B3FD07CC08A03D36EDD14A3559192E" box="[496,591,1827,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="A1B3FD07CC08A03D3547D14A35AF192E" box="[602,697,1827,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="adult">4 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
, Miguel A. Monné & Marcela L. Monné leg. (MNRJ).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FFAF6505CC08A03C37DBD12334261FD3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC08A03C37DBD12336181F35" blockId="4.[151,1436,1788,2008]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D37DBD123369D1977" bold="true" box="[198,395,1866,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
. The observations were made in Atlantic Forest, in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFA2761ECC08A03D3602D118367D1998" box="[287,363,1905,1931]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Five larvae and
|
||
<specimenCount id="A1B3FD07CC08A03D3521D11835B11998" box="[572,679,1905,1931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="pupa">15 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC08A03D35D2D11834D71999" box="[719,961,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D35D2D118341C1999" box="[719,778,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D3406D118344F1999" box="[795,857,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Linio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC08A03D3476D11834D71999" box="[875,961,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">lanatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC08A03D339ED11833CE1998" box="[1155,1240,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,270,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,194,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 15, pupa, dorsal view; 16, pupa, ventral view; 17, pupa with the last larval exuvium, lateral view; 18, last larval exuvium and pupa exuvium; 19, larvae and pupae alive on a tree trunk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189323/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) on a tree trunk, possibly indicating a gregarious habit. Two larvae and three pupae were collected and fixed in 70% ethanol. One larva and three pupae were collected and kept alive in the laboratory; the larva was observed to scrape the surface of the branch and fix itself in the rugosities of the bark, by means of the tarsungulus of the three pairs of legs. After the ecdysis, part of the pupa remains inside the last larval exuvium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC09A03C3385D6D732321ECB" box="[1176,1316,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,270,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,194,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 15, pupa, dorsal view; 16, pupa, ventral view; 17, pupa with the last larval exuvium, lateral view; 18, last larval exuvium and pupa exuvium; 19, larvae and pupae alive on a tree trunk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189323/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
), and this explains how the pupae can remain fixed on a vertical trunk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2F8E2A0BCC09A03C3461D68C34C01EEC" box="[892,982,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 19" captionStartId="4.[151,270,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,194,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,1656]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 19. Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824. 15, pupa, dorsal view; 16, pupa, ventral view; 17, pupa with the last larval exuvium, lateral view; 18, last larval exuvium and pupa exuvium; 19, larvae and pupae alive on a tree trunk." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189323/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). The duration of the pupal stage was nine days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B70A368ECC09A03C37D8D75B34261FD3" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Similar biological observations were made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC09A03C35E8D75B34B21F5F" author="Ihering" box="[757,932,306,332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Ihering, R. von (1914) As especies brazileiras de Nilionidas (Coleopteros) e a posicao systematica da familia, pelo estudo das larvas. Revista do Museu Paulista, 9, 281 - 306." type="journal article" year="1914">Ihering (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC09A03C34F4D75B328B1F5F" authority="Jorge (1974)" authorityName="Jorge" authorityYear="1974" box="[1001,1437,306,332]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus" subGenus="Nilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C34F4D75B33331F58" box="[1001,1061,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C332AD75B33651F58" box="[1079,1139,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C3398D75B33E21F58" box="[1157,1268,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC09A03C3219D75B328B1F5F" author="Jorge" box="[1284,1437,306,332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Jorge, M. E. (1974) Immature stages of Nilionidae: a contribution toward the taxonomic position of the family (Coleoptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 18 (4), 123 - 128." type="journal article" year="1974">Jorge (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC09A03C37CFD73036A01F61" box="[210,438,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varius" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C37CFD730361B1F61" box="[210,269,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C3603D730364A1F61" box="[286,348,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Linio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C3670D73036A01F61" box="[365,438,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">varius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3244B7FCC09A03C36EAD73034721F60" author="Gil-Santana" box="[503,868,345,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refString="Gil-Santana, H. R. & Marques, O. M. (2008) Contribuicao ao conhecimento de Nilio barthi Costa Lima & Seabra (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Nilioninae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 42, 271 - 278." type="journal article" year="2008">Gil-Santana & Marques (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC09A03C34BAD73033DE1F61" box="[935,1224,345,371]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barthi" subGenus="Micronilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C34BAD73034F41F61" box="[935,994,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Nilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C34EED73033791F61" box="[1011,1135,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Micronilio</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C339DD73033DE1F61" box="[1152,1224,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">barthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All these species are gregarious and feed on fungi on the surface of branches, and part of the pupa remains inside the last larval exuvium. The pupal stage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70B54D0DCC09A03C36F1D7CE359C1FD3" box="[492,650,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Nilio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varius" subGenus="Linio">
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C36F1D7CE351E1FD3" box="[492,520,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">N.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C3505D7CE35261FD3" box="[536,560,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">L.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="85C1EA9CCC09A03C355CD7CE359C1FD3" box="[577,650,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">varius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lasted 7 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |