treatments-xml/data/1F/0A/87/1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2018.vol2018.iss261.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46c20b18-c0d5-46f5-8894-fd8c5df4055e" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118814" ID-ZooBank="BDB28370-E60B-49B0-A2DA-F30D6E89D6D0" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1638258814613" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lowe, Graeme" docDate="2018" docId="1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.261.1-73.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 261" docSource="https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2018.vol2018.iss261.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.2:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Xenobuthus anthracinus Lowe 2018, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="E333FFCCFF836F37FF92766DFFE22A0E" masterDocTitle="The genera Butheolus Simon, 1882 and Xenobuthus gen. nov. (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1677625032903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>The genera Butheolus Simon, 1882 and Xenobuthus gen. nov. (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Lowe, Graeme</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection box="[204,789,1689,1716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="40.[200,794,1689,1745]" box="[204,789,1689,1716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5C9HM" authority="(Pocock, 1895)" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[204,674,1689,1716]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus" status="comb. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[204,492,1689,1716]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Xenobuthus anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[506,667,1692,1716]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[687,789,1692,1716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[200,794,1689,1745]" box="[200,794,1723,1745]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
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<figureCitation box="[207,355,1723,1745]" captionStart="Figures 151–162" captionStartId="30.[192,278,1488,1511]" captionTargetBox="[201,1424,159,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[192,1440,144,1483]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 151–162: Scatter plots showing variation in morphometric ratios of species of Butheolus and Xenobuthus gen. n. Figs. 151–156. Selected ratios of males (♂). B. gallagheri: black filled symbols; B. harrisoni: orange filled symbols; B. thalassinus: cyan circles; X. anthracinus: magenta circles; X. xanthus: yellow circles. Figs. 157–162. Selected ratios of females (♀). B. gallagheri: black open symbols; B. harrisoni: orange open symbols; B. villosus: light green circles; X. anthracinus: magenta circles; X. xanthus: yellow circles. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width (carapace W = posterior width), D depth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118878/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Figs. 151–162</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[366,457,1723,1745]" captionStart-0="Figures 194–195" captionStart-1="Figures 196–197" captionStart-2="Figures 198–199" captionStart-3="Figures 200–201" captionStart-4="Figures 202–225" captionStart-5="Figures 226–243" captionStart-6="Figures 244–247" captionStart-7="Figures 248–251" captionStart-8="Figures 252–257" captionStart-9="Figures 258–261" captionStartId-0="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionStartId-1="42.[192,278,1470,1493]" captionStartId-2="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionStartId-3="44.[192,278,1474,1497]" captionStartId-4="45.[192,278,1490,1513]" captionStartId-5="46.[192,278,1755,1778]" captionStartId-6="48.[192,278,1684,1707]" captionStartId-7="49.[192,278,1298,1321]" captionStartId-8="50.[192,278,1405,1428]" captionStartId-9="51.[192,278,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1432,176,1432]" captionTargetBox-2="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetBox-3="[202,1429,202,1434]" captionTargetBox-4="[191,1440,191,1460]" captionTargetBox-5="[210,1383,200,1709]" captionTargetBox-6="[191,1440,191,1655]" captionTargetBox-7="[191,1440,191,1268]" captionTargetBox-8="[191,1440,191,1376]" captionTargetBox-9="[257,1357,201,1777]" captionTargetId-0="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@42.[192,1439,168,1440]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetId-3="figure-12@44.[192,1439,192,1444]" captionTargetId-4="figure-6@45.[192,1440,192,1459]" captionTargetId-5="figure-12@46.[204,1393,180,1728]" captionTargetId-6="figure-124@48.[192,1440,192,1654]" captionTargetId-7="figure-469@49.[192,1440,192,1267]" captionTargetId-8="figure-12@50.[192,1440,192,1375]" captionTargetId-9="figure-110@51.[258,1356,202,1776]" captionTargetPageId-0="41" captionTargetPageId-1="42" captionTargetPageId-2="43" captionTargetPageId-3="44" captionTargetPageId-4="45" captionTargetPageId-5="46" captionTargetPageId-6="48" captionTargetPageId-7="49" captionTargetPageId-8="50" captionTargetPageId-9="51" captionText-0="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-1="Figures 196–197: Prosoma and mesosoma of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 196. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 197. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-2="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-3="Figures 200–201: Prosoma and mesosoma of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 200. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 201. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-4="Figures 202–225: Pedipalp of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 202–213. Male (♂). Dorsal (202–204), external (205–207), ventral (208–210) and internal (211–213) aspect of femur (202, 205, 208, 211), patella (203, 206, 209, 212) and chela (204, 207, 210, 213). Figs. 214–225. Female (♀). Dorsal (214–216), external (217–219), ventral (220–222) and internal (223–225) aspect of femur (214, 217, 220, 223), patella (215, 218, 221, 224) and chela (216, 219, 222, 225). Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-5="Figures 226–243: Trichobothrial maps and chela finger dentition of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Male (♂): dorsal (226), external (227) and ventrointernal (228) aspect of chela; dorsal (232) and external (233) aspect of patella; dorsal (238), external (239) and internal (240) aspect of femur; dentition of movable finger (MF) (234) and fixed finger (FF) (235). Female (♀): dorsal (229), external (230) and ventrointernal (231) aspect of chela; dorsal (236) and external (237) aspect of patella; internal (241), dorsal (242) and external (243) aspect of femur. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm (♂, ♂ dentition, ♀)." captionText-6="Figures 244–247: Leg tarsi and tibiae of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Retrolateral aspect, left leg I (244), II (245), III (246), IV (247) tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus. Same locality data as male in Table 7. White light illumination. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-7="Figures 248–251: Hemispermatophore of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 248–250. Capsule region of right hemispermatophore, anterior (284), convex (249) and posterior (250) aspects. Scale bar: 200 µm. In convex view (249), the capsule is compressed to show outlines of lobes. Fig. 251. Whole left hemispermatophore, convex aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. White light illumination. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-8="Figures 252–257: Metasoma and telson of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 252–254. Male (♂). Dorsal (252), right lateral (253) and ventral (254) aspects. Figs. 255–257. Female (♀). Dorsal (255), right lateral (256) and ventral (257) aspects. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 2 mm." captionText-9="Figures 258–261: Chelicerae of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895) and X. xanthus sp. n. Figs. 258–259. X. anthracinus, right chelicera, dorsal (258) and ventral (259) aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Figs. 260–261. X. xanthus sp. n., right chelicera, dorsal (260) and ventral (261) aspect. Holotype male. Scale bar: 500 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118896" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118900" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118902" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118904" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118906" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118908" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118910" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118912" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7118896/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7118900/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7118902/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7118904/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7118906/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7118908/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/7118910/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/7118912/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">194–259</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[467,559,1723,1745]" captionStart="Figures 326–329" captionStartId="66.[192,278,1118,1141]" captionTargetBox="[206,1425,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-12@66.[192,1439,192,1091]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Figures 326–329: Right lateral eye clusters of Xenobuthus gen. n. Figs. 326–327. X. anthracinus, adult male (326) and adult female (327). Figs. 328–329. X. xanthus sp. n., adult male (328) and adult female (329). Locality data as in Tab. 7. UV fluorescence. Scale bar: 100 µm, for all panels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118936/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">326–327</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[569,660,1723,1745]" captionStart="Figures 330–337" captionStartId="67.[192,278,1053,1076]" captionTargetBox="[206,1426,159,1000]" captionTargetId="figure-6@67.[192,1440,144,1014]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figures 330–337: Diagnostic characters of genera Butheolus and Xenobuthus gen. n.. Figs. 330–331. Hemispermatophore basal lobes of B. gallagheri (330) and X. anthracinus (331); axial views of right (330) and mirrored left (331) hemispermatophore. Oriented with convex side up, anterior margin left and posterior margin right. Abbreviations: b, basal lobe; m, median lobe. Scale bars: 50 µm. Figs. 332–337. Dentition of posterior margin of sternite IV in male B. gallagheri (332), B. harrisoni sp. n. (333), X. anthracinus (334), X. xanthus sp. n. (335), Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock, 1895) (336) and H. pellucidus Lowe, 2010 (337). UV fluorescence. Scale bars: 100 µm. Locality data: 330 and 332, as in Tab. 1; 331 and 334, as in Tab. 7; 333, paratype male, same locality as holotype; 335, holotype; 336, Oman, Rte 13, ca. 5.9 km E junction Wadi Mistal Rd, 23°21.33'N 57°38.21'E, 460 m a.s.l., 26.IX.1994, leg. G, Lowe, M.D. Gallagher; 337, Oman, Jabal Bani Jabir, IX.1995, 1800 m a.s.l., leg A. Francois, C. DeLise (ONHM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118938/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">331, 334</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[670,710,1723,1745]" captionStart="Figure 338" captionStartId="69.[192,268,1212,1235]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-487@69.[192,1440,216,1173]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Figure 338. Map of records in the Arabian Peninsula of Butheolus and Xenobuthus gen. n. Symbols show locations of collection records of species examined in this study. B. gallagheri: black circles; B. harrisoni: orange circles; B. thalassinus: cyan circles; B. villosus: light green circle; X. anthracinus: magenta squares; X. xanthus: yellow squares. Locality data are from specimens examined, except for the type locality and two additional published records of B. thalassinus. The indefinite type locality of X. anthracinus (Hadramaut “by the way”; Pocock, 1895) is not plotted. Map scale: 150 km." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118940/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">338</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation box="[721,786,1723,1745]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="64.[192,257,1269,1292]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@64.[199,1434,192,1239]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Table 7: Measurements of adults of Xenobuthus anthracinus (Pocock, 1895) and Xenobuthus gen. n. xanthus sp. n. X. anthracinus: male (♂): Oman, S of Thumrait; Nejd Desert, 17°30.77'N 54°2.82' E, 19.X.1993, leg. G. Lowe; female (♀): Oman, S of Thumrait; Nejd Desert, 17°30.76'N 54°2.76' E, 16.X.1993, leg. G. Lowe. X. xanthus: holotype male (♂): Oman, Jabal Zulul, 17°57.12'N 55°39.28' E, 26.IX.1995, leg. G. Lowe, M.D. Gallagher; paratype females (♀): #1: Wadi Ara, Jabal Samhan, 17°16'N 54°57'E, 2.II.1994, leg. M.R. Brown; #2, Oman, Wadi Shuwaymiyah, 17°55.94'N 55°31.47'E, 25.IX.1995, leg. G. Lowe, M.D. Gallagher. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width, D depth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C3DC662AFFC36F77FF527298FD392F86" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="C3DC662AFFC36F77FF527298FD392F86">Tab. 7</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[192,802,1783,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation author="POCOCK" box="[192,666,1783,1806]" page="295" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1895">
<taxonomicName authority="Pocock, 1895: 294 - 295" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="294 - 295" authorityYear="1895" box="[192,666,1783,1806]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[192,401,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Buthus anthracinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[409,666,1783,1806]" firstAuthor="Pocock" page="294 - 295" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895: 294–295</bibRefCitation>
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, 315, pl. IX, figs. 1, 1a.
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<treatmentCitation author="KRAEPELIN" box="[192,641,1844,1867]" page="18" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1899">
<taxonomicName authority=": Kraepelin, 1899: 18" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="1899" box="[192,641,1844,1867]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[192,403,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Buthus anthracinus</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Kraepelin" box="[420,641,1844,1867]" firstAuthor="Kraepelin" page="18" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref34297" refString="KRAEPELIN, K. 1899. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. In: Das Tierreich, R. Friedlander und Sohn Verl Berlin, 8: 1 - 265." type="journal article" year="1899">Kraepelin, 1899: 18</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="SIMON" page="77" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" firstAuthor="Simon" page="77" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="57 - 87" refId="ref35832" refString="SIMON, E. 1910. Revision des scorpions d'Egypte. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte (Cairo), 1910: 57 - 87." type="journal article" year="1910">Simon, 1910: 77</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="TABORSKY" box="[285,505,1875,1898]" page="40" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation author="Taborsky" box="[285,505,1875,1898]" firstAuthor="Taborsky" page="40" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="39 - 40" refId="ref36148" refString="TABORSKY, K. 1934. Sur les especes du genre Buthus Leach du Museum National de Prague. Sbornik Zoologickeho Oddeleni Narodniho Muzea v Praze, 1: 39 - 40." type="journal article" year="1934">Táborský, 1934: 40</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="BIRULA" box="[521,719,1875,1898]" page="101" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation author="Birula" box="[521,719,1875,1898]" firstAuthor="Birula" page="101" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 110" refId="ref32984" refString="BIRULA, A. A. 1937. Notes sur les collections des scorpions recuellis dans le Jemen (Arabie S. E.). Archives du Musee Zoologique de le Universite de Moscou, 4: 101 - 110. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1937">Birula, 1937: 101</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="WEIDNER" box="[735,1032,1691,1898]" page="99" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation author="Weidner" box="[735,1032,1691,1898]" firstAuthor="Weidner" page="99" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="89 - 142" refId="ref36632" refString="WEIDNER, H. 1959. Die entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. I. Teil. Pararthropoda und Chelicerata. I. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 57: 89 - 142." type="journal article" year="1959">Weidner, 1959: 99</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation author="PEREZ" box="[1047,1226,1691,1714]" page="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation author="Perez" box="[1047,1226,1691,1714]" firstAuthor="Perez" page="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref35280" refString="PEREZ, S. M. 1974. Un inventario preliminar de los escorpiones de la region Paleartica y claves para la identificacion de los generos de la region Paleartica Occidental. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Zoologia, Catedra de Artropodos, 7: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1974">Pérez, 1974: 43</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="LAMORAL, B. H. &amp; S. C. REYNDERS" page="504" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation author="LAMORAL, B. H. &amp; S. C. REYNDERS" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="489 - 576" part="22" refId="ref34423" refString="LAMORAL, B. H. &amp; S. C. REYNDERS. 1975. A catalogue of the scorpions described from the Ethiopian faunal region up to December 1973. Annals of the Natal Museum, 22 (2): 489 - 576." title="A catalogue of the scorpions described from the Ethiopian faunal region up to December 1973." type="journal article" year="1975">Lamoral &amp; Reynders, 1975: 504</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="SISSOM" box="[1058,1246,1722,1745]" page="36" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation author="Sissom" box="[1058,1246,1722,1745]" firstAuthor="Sissom" page="36" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="3 - 39" refId="ref35903" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 1994. Descriptions of new and poorly known scorpions of Yemen (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Diplocentridae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 14: 3 - 39." type="journal article" year="1994">Sissom, 1994: 36</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[830,1440,1691,1898]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitation author="BIRULA" box="[830,1433,1752,1775]" page="171" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1910">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[830,1202,1752,1775]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antracinus">
<emphasis box="[830,1051,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Buthus (Hottentotta</emphasis>
?) 
<emphasis box="[1088,1202,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">antracinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Birula" box="[1226,1433,1752,1775]" firstAuthor="Birula" page="171" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="115 - 192" refId="ref32771" refString="BIRULA, A. 1910. Ueber Scorpio maurus Linne und seine Unterarten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, St Petersburg, 39: 115 - 192." type="journal article" year="1910">Birula, 1910: 171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="BIRULA" box="[878,1069,1783,1806]" page="101" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation author="Birula" box="[878,1069,1783,1806]" firstAuthor="Birula" page="101" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 110" refId="ref32984" refString="BIRULA, A. A. 1937. Notes sur les collections des scorpions recuellis dans le Jemen (Arabie S. E.). Archives du Musee Zoologique de le Universite de Moscou, 4: 101 - 110. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1937">Birula, 1937: 101</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[830,1440,1691,1898]" box="[830,1417,1813,1836]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[830,1417,1813,1836]" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitation author="BIRULA" box="[830,1414,1813,1836]" page="230" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="1917">
<taxonomicName authority=": Birula, 1917 a: 230" authorityName="Leach" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1815" box="[830,1414,1813,1836]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus" subGenus="Hottentotta">
<emphasis box="[830,904,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Buthus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[920,1041,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Hottentotta</emphasis>
?) 
<emphasis box="[1069,1197,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">anthracinus</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Birula" box="[1211,1414,1813,1836]" firstAuthor="Birula" page="230" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" refId="ref32799" refString="BIRULA, A. A. 1917 a. Arachnoidea Arthrogastra Caucasica. Pars I. Scorpiones. Zapiski Kavkazskogo Muzeya (Memoires du Musee du Caucase), Tiflis, Imprimerie de la Chancellerie du Comite pour la Transcaucasie. ser A, 5, 253 pp. (in Russian; published August 1917). English translation: Byalynitskii-Birulya, A. A. 1964. Arthrogastric Arachnids of Caucasia. 1. Scorpions. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 170 pp." type="book" year="1917" yearSuffix="a">Birula, 1917a: 230</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[830,1440,1691,1898]" lastBlockId="42.[240,802,1595,1741]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitation author="FET" box="[830,1334,1844,1867]" page="88" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="2000">
<taxonomicName authority=": Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 88" authorityName="Fet &amp; Lowe" authorityPageNumber="88" authorityYear="2000" box="[830,1334,1844,1867]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[830,1072,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="39">Butheolus anthracinus</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Fet &amp; Lowe" box="[1088,1334,1844,1867]" firstAuthor="Fet" page="88" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" refId="ref33203" refString="FET, V. &amp; G. LOWE. 2000. Family Buthidae. Pp. 54 - 286 in FET, V., W. D. SISSOM, G. LOWE &amp; M. E. BRAUNWALDER. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). The New York Entomological Society." type="book" year="2000">Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 88</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="KOVARIK" page="137" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation author="Kovarik" firstAuthor="Kovarik" page="137" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="133 - 159" refId="ref33703" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2003. Scorpions of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia (Arachnida: Scorpiones), with a key and descriptions of three new species. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 67: 133 - 159." type="journal article" year="2003">Kovařík, 2003: 137</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="KOVARIK" box="[1007,1203,1875,1898]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B20403C345B2FFC0AFC02FD1BFEDA" page="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation author="Kovarik" box="[1007,1203,1875,1898]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" page="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref33746" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2004. Revision and taxonomic position of genera Afghanorthochirus Lourenco &amp; Vachon, Baloorthochirus Kovarik, Butheolus Simon, Nanobuthus Pocock, Orthochiroides Kovarik, Pakistanorthochirus Lourenco, and Asian Orthochirus Karsch, with descriptions of twelve new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 16: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2004">Kovařík, 2004: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 25; 
<treatmentCitation author="FET, V. &amp; M. E. SOLEGLAD &amp; G. LOWE" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" page="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation author="FET, V. &amp; M. E. SOLEGLAD &amp; G. LOWE" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 40" part="23" refId="ref33298" refString="FET, V., M. E. SOLEGLAD &amp; G. LOWE. 2005. A new trichobothrial character for the high-level systematics of Buthoidea (Scorpiones: Buthida). Euscorpius, 23: 1 - 40." title="A new trichobothrial character for the high-level systematics of Buthoidea (Scorpiones: Buthida)" type="journal article" year="2005">Fet, Soleglad &amp; Lowe, 2005: 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="HENDRIXSON" box="[426,712,1595,1618]" page="51" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrixson" box="[426,712,1595,1618]" firstAuthor="Hendrixson" page="51 - 53" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="33 - 120" refId="ref33409" refString="HENDRIXSON, B. E. 2006. Buthid scorpions of Saudi Arabia, with notes on other families (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Liochelidae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Arabia, 21: 33 - 120." type="journal article" year="2006">Hendrixson, 2006: 51–53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 56–59. figs. 6, 8, pl. 6, 
<tableCitation box="[420,492,1626,1649]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="15.[192,257,1278,1301]" captionTargetId="graphics-6@15.[243,1389,192,1248]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 1: Measurements of representative adults of Butheolus gallagheri Vachon, 1980. Males (♂): Oman, wadi above Khor Rori Beach, E. of Taqah, 17°3.2'N 54°25.33'E, 18.X.1993, leg. G. Lowe. Females (♀): #1, same locality as males; #2, Oman, rocky slopes above Khor Rori Beach, 17°2.21'N 54°26.19'E, 18.X.1993, leg. G. Lowe. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width, D depth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C3DC662AFF8C6F38FF527293FF1F2F51" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="C3DC662AFF8C6F38FF527293FF1F2F51">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; J. - X. QI" page="93" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation author="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; J. - X. QI" journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="91 - 97" part="37" refId="ref34866" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. &amp; J. - X. QI. 2006. Further considerations on the genus Butheolus Simon, 1882 and description of one new species from Saudi Arabia (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 37: 91 - 97." title="Further considerations on the genus Butheolus Simon, 1882 and description of one new species from Saudi Arabia (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">Lourenço &amp; Qi, 2006: 93– 94</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, tab. 1; 
<treatmentCitation author="EL-HENNAWY, H. K." box="[381,657,1657,1680]" page="121" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation author="EL-HENNAWY, H. K." box="[381,657,1657,1680]" journalOrPublisher="Serket" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="119 - 128" part="11" refId="ref33143" refString="EL-HENNAWY, H. K. 2009. Scorpions of Saudi Arabia. Serket 11 (3 / 4): 119 - 128." title="Scorpions of Saudi Arabia" type="journal article" year="2009">El-Hennawy, 2009: 121</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="KOVARIK, F. &amp; G. LOWE" page="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation author="KOVARIK, F. &amp; G. LOWE" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 25" part="139" refId="ref33864" refString="KOVARIK, F. &amp; G. LOWE. 2012. Review of the genus Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 with description of a new species from Ethiopia (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 139: 1 - 25." title="Review of the genus Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 with description of a new species from Ethiopia (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012: 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 20, 22–23, fig. 94; 
<treatmentCitation author="LOWE" page="117" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation author="Lowe" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lowe" page="117" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref35151" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014: 117</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" startId="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" targetBox="[191,1440,215,1745]" targetPageId="41">
<paragraph blockId="41.[192,1440,1785,1833]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,388,1785,1808]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Figures 194–195:</emphasis>
Habitus of male 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[558,670,1787,1808]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[558,670,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[678,744,1787,1808]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[751,1023,1787,1808]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[751,866,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[880,1016,1787,1808]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1033,1121,1787,1808]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1 94.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1273,1361,1787,1808]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Fig. 195.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118896/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" startId="42.[192,278,1470,1493]" targetBox="[199,1432,176,1432]" targetPageId="42">
<paragraph blockId="42.[192,1440,1470,1543]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,389,1470,1493]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Figures 196–197:</emphasis>
Prosoma and mesosoma of male 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[724,837,1472,1493]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[724,837,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[845,912,1472,1493]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[920,1193,1472,1493]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[920,1035,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[1049,1187,1472,1493]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1207,1294,1472,1493]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Fig. 196.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[407,495,1497,1518]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Fig. 197.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="42.[192,801,1779,1833]" lastBlockId="42.[830,1441,1595,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913723343" collectionCode="ZMUH" country="Yemen" location="Pocock" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hadramawt" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectionCode box="[192,409,1779,1802]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
. 
<typeStatus box="[428,535,1779,1802]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[548,568,1779,1802]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[587,667,1779,1802]" name="Yemen" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Yemen</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[683,801,1779,1802]" country="Yemen" name="Hadramawt" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Hadramaut</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode box="[199,281,1810,1833]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/82c5-17ij" name="Zoological Museum, University of Hanoi" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">ZMUH</collectionCode>
) (not examined).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913723329" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Yemen" location="Pocock" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hadramawt" typeStatus="syntypes">
<collectingMunicipality box="[491,532,1810,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">The</collectingMunicipality>
<typeStatus box="[545,639,1810,1833]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27:927C6079FFA96F1DFD22717FFD1C2D27" box="[688,766,1810,1833]" country="Yemen" municipality="The" name="Pocock" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" stateProvince="Hadramawt">Pocock</location>
in 
<collectionCode box="[830,910,1595,1618]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">BMNH</collectionCode>
were not found, and a 
<typeStatus box="[1169,1267,1595,1618]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">lectotype</typeStatus>
was designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Kovarik" box="[864,1057,1626,1649]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" page="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref33746" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2004. Revision and taxonomic position of genera Afghanorthochirus Lourenco &amp; Vachon, Baloorthochirus Kovarik, Butheolus Simon, Nanobuthus Pocock, Orthochiroides Kovarik, Pakistanorthochirus Lourenco, and Asian Orthochirus Karsch, with descriptions of twelve new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Euscorpius, 16: 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2004">Kovařík (2004: 3)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="42.[830,1441,1595,1833]" lastBlockId="44.[192,802,1584,1729]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<collectionCode box="[830,1124,1657,1680]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913723319" collectingDate="1993-10-16" collectingMethod="UV detection" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="G. Lowe" country="Oman" elevation="580" latitude="17.512667" location="S of Thumrait" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="54.046" municipality="Nejd Desert" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1217,1657,1680]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<collectingCountry box="[1137,1212,1657,1680]" name="Oman" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Oman</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[1227,1260,1657,1680]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27:927C6079FFA96F1DFB6F7014FA7E2C9E" box="[1277,1436,1657,1680]" country="Oman" latitude="17.512667" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="54.046" municipality="Nejd Desert" name="S of Thumrait" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">S of Thumrait</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[830,969,1687,1710]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Nejd Desert</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingMethod box="[989,1140,1687,1710]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">UV detection</collectingMethod>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27:927C6079FFA96F1DFB1870FAFACD2CC3" country="Oman" latitude="17.512667" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="54.046" municipality="Nejd Desert" name="edge of small vegetated wadi, open plain, fine silty soil, rock outcrops" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">edge of small vegetated wadi, open plain, fine silty soil, rock outcrops</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="30.76" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" precision="9" value="17.512667">17°30.76' N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[859,977,1749,1772]" degrees="54" direction="east" minutes="02.76" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" precision="9" value="54.046">54°02.76'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation box="[993,1122,1749,1772]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="580.0">
<quantity box="[993,1063,1749,1772]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="580.0">580 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date box="[1138,1250,1749,1772]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" value="1993-10-16">
<collectingDate box="[1138,1250,1749,1772]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" value="1993-10-16">16.X.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 19:28 h, leg. 
<collectorName pageId="42" pageNumber="41">G. Lowe</collectorName>
, (
<collectionCode box="[916,1002,1779,1802]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">NHMB</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913723328" collectingDate="1993-10-19" collectingMethod="UV detection" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="G. Lowe" elevation="600" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="43" latitude="17.512833" location="S of Thumrait" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="54.047" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[1025,1058,1779,1802]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27:927C6079FFA96F1DFBA6709EFB372D04" box="[1076,1237,1779,1802]" latitude="17.512833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="54.047" name="S of Thumrait" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">S of Thumrait</location>
; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27:927C6079FFA96F1DFB76709EFA882D04" box="[1252,1386,1779,1802]" latitude="17.512833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="54.047" name="Nejd Desert" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Nejd Desert</location>
, 
<collectingMethod pageId="42" pageNumber="41">UV detection</collectingMethod>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27:927C6079FFA96F1BFC3C717FFDA52C49" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="43" latitude="17.512833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="54.047" name="silty plain, edge of small vegetated wadi, fine silty soil, open plain, rock outcrops" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">silty plain, edge of small vegetated wadi, fine silty soil, open plain, rock outcrops</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[600,721,1584,1607]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="30. 77" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" precision="9" value="17.512833">17°30.77'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="east" minutes="02. 82" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" precision="9" value="54.047">54°02. 82'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation box="[258,393,1614,1637]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="600.0">
<quantity box="[258,331,1614,1637]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date box="[410,523,1614,1637]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" value="1993-10-19">
<collectingDate box="[410,523,1614,1637]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" value="1993-10-19">19.X.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
, 23:02 h, leg. 
<collectorName box="[696,795,1614,1637]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">G. Lowe</collectorName>
, (
<collectionCode box="[200,286,1645,1668]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">NHMB</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913723335" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Digby Lickfold" country="Saudi Arabia" elevation="2000" latitude="18.3" location="Khamis Mushayt" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="42.733334" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[305,469,1645,1668]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
<collectingCountry box="[305,464,1645,1668]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[477,511,1645,1668]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(adult or subadult?), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0A87B4FFAB6F03FF5E70F4FC992C27:927C6079FFAF6F1BFD7E7000FEB32CAD" country="Saudi Arabia" latitude="18.3" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="42.733334" name="Khamis Mushayt" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Khamis Mushayt</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[352,439,1676,1699]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="18.3">18°18'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[450,537,1676,1699]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="42.733334">42°44'E</geoCoordinate>
, ca. 
<elevation box="[594,746,1676,1699]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<quantity box="[594,685,1676,1699]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, leg. 
<collectorName box="[192,357,1706,1729]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Digby Lickfold</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[373,456,1706,1729]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" startId="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" targetBox="[191,1440,215,1727]" targetPageId="43">
<paragraph blockId="43.[192,1440,1785,1832]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,391,1785,1808]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">Figures 198–199:</emphasis>
Habitus of female 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[592,705,1786,1807]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[592,705,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[715,784,1786,1807]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[805,1083,1786,1807]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[805,920,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[936,1076,1786,1807]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="43" pageNumber="42" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1096,1188,1786,1807]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">Fig. 198.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1348,1440,1786,1807]" pageId="43" pageNumber="42">Fig. 199.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118900/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" startId="44.[192,278,1474,1497]" targetBox="[202,1429,202,1434]" targetPageId="44">
<paragraph blockId="44.[192,1441,1474,1546]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,387,1474,1497]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Figures 200–201:</emphasis>
Prosoma and mesosoma of female 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[731,844,1475,1496]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[731,844,1475,1496]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[851,916,1475,1496]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[929,1200,1475,1496]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[929,1044,1475,1496]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[1056,1193,1475,1496]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1210,1297,1475,1496]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 200.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[407,495,1500,1521]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 201.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="44.[192,802,1768,1913]" lastBlockId="44.[830,1441,1584,1913]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
DIAGNOSIS. A member of the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[627,753,1768,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[627,753,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differentiated as follows: small to medium-sized scorpions, adults 
<quantity box="[268,392,1829,1852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35–50 mm</quantity>
; base color a uniform dark, reddish brown, almost black, all metasomal segments dark brown to black; pedipalp femur and patella light to dark brown, chela with yellow fingers, fuscosity on manus at base of fingers; legs darker brown on femur and patella, lighter on tibia, pale straw color on tarsi; carapace and tergites with moderately dense, fine granulation; metasoma IV with lateral median carinae distinct; metasoma V with ventromedian carina posteriorly bifurcate, males with ventral intercarinal surface granular on posterior 1/4 of segment; posterior metasomal segments relatively stout in male: metasoma III L/W 
<specimenCount box="[1202,1222,1829,1852]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1.09; metasoma IV L/W 
<specimenCount box="[895,915,1860,1883]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1.38; metasoma V L/W 
<specimenCount box="[1223,1243,1860,1883]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1.66, L/D 2.17; pectine teeth 17–22.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118902/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" startId="45.[192,278,1490,1513]" targetBox="[191,1440,191,1460]" targetPageId="45">
<paragraph blockId="45.[192,1441,1490,1612]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,389,1490,1513]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figures 202–225:</emphasis>
Pedipalp of 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[518,632,1491,1512]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[518,632,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[640,707,1491,1512]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[715,988,1491,1512]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[715,830,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[844,979,1491,1512]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1001,1148,1491,1512]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figs. 202–213.</emphasis>
Male (♂). Dorsal (202–204), external (205–207), ventral (208–210) and internal (211–213) aspect of femur (202, 205, 208, 211), patella (203, 206, 209, 212) and chela (204, 207, 210, 213). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[527,676,1541,1562]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figs. 214–225.</emphasis>
Female (♀). Dorsal (214–216), external (217–219), ventral (220–222) and internal (223–225) aspect of femur (214, 217, 220, 223), patella (215, 218, 221, 224) and chela (216, 219, 222, 225). Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="45.[192,617,1665,1718]" box="[192,407,1665,1688]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">REDESCRIPTION.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[192,617,1665,1718]" box="[192,617,1695,1718]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
Based on 
<specimenCount box="[297,337,1695,1718]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[351,391,1695,1718]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
from 
<collectingRegion box="[456,535,1695,1718]" country="Oman" name="Zufar" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Dhofar</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[545,614,1695,1718]" name="Oman" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Oman</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="45.[192,802,1757,1902]" lastBlockId="47.[192,802,199,1909]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,363,1757,1780]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Coloration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[388,552,1757,1780]" captionStart-0="Figures 194–195" captionStart-1="Figures 196–197" captionStart-2="Figures 198–199" captionStart-3="Figures 200–201" captionStart-4="Figures 202–225" captionStartId-0="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionStartId-1="42.[192,278,1470,1493]" captionStartId-2="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionStartId-3="44.[192,278,1474,1497]" captionStartId-4="45.[192,278,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1432,176,1432]" captionTargetBox-2="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetBox-3="[202,1429,202,1434]" captionTargetBox-4="[191,1440,191,1460]" captionTargetId-0="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@42.[192,1439,168,1440]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetId-3="figure-12@44.[192,1439,192,1444]" captionTargetId-4="figure-6@45.[192,1440,192,1459]" captionTargetPageId-0="41" captionTargetPageId-1="42" captionTargetPageId-2="43" captionTargetPageId-3="44" captionTargetPageId-4="45" captionText-0="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-1="Figures 196–197: Prosoma and mesosoma of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 196. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 197. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-2="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-3="Figures 200–201: Prosoma and mesosoma of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 200. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 201. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-4="Figures 202–225: Pedipalp of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 202–213. Male (♂). Dorsal (202–204), external (205–207), ventral (208–210) and internal (211–213) aspect of femur (202, 205, 208, 211), patella (203, 206, 209, 212) and chela (204, 207, 210, 213). Figs. 214–225. Female (♀). Dorsal (214–216), external (217–219), ventral (220–222) and internal (223–225) aspect of femur (214, 217, 220, 223), patella (215, 218, 221, 224) and chela (216, 219, 222, 225). Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118896" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118900" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118902" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7118896/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7118900/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7118902/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figs. 194–225</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[576,668,1757,1780]" captionStart="Figures 244–247" captionStartId="48.[192,278,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-124@48.[192,1440,192,1654]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figures 244–247: Leg tarsi and tibiae of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Retrolateral aspect, left leg I (244), II (245), III (246), IV (247) tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus. Same locality data as male in Table 7. White light illumination. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118906/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">244–247</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[693,788,1757,1780]" captionStart-0="Figures 252–257" captionStart-1="Figures 258–261" captionStartId-0="50.[192,278,1405,1428]" captionStartId-1="51.[192,278,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1440,191,1376]" captionTargetBox-1="[257,1357,201,1777]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@50.[192,1440,192,1375]" captionTargetId-1="figure-110@51.[258,1356,202,1776]" captionTargetPageId-0="50" captionTargetPageId-1="51" captionText-0="Figures 252–257: Metasoma and telson of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 252–254. Male (♂). Dorsal (252), right lateral (253) and ventral (254) aspects. Figs. 255–257. Female (♀). Dorsal (255), right lateral (256) and ventral (257) aspects. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 2 mm." captionText-1="Figures 258–261: Chelicerae of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895) and X. xanthus sp. n. Figs. 258–259. X. anthracinus, right chelicera, dorsal (258) and ventral (259) aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Figs. 260–261. X. xanthus sp. n., right chelicera, dorsal (260) and ventral (261) aspect. Holotype male. Scale bar: 500 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118910" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118912" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7118910/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7118912/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">252–259</figureCitation>
). Base color dark brown, nearly black, on dorsal aspect of prosoma. mesosoma and all aspects of metasoma and telson; tergites with lighter lateral patches in transverse reticulated bands; telson vesicle with lighter spots at bases of macrosetae, lighter lateral stripes, and a pair of lighter sub-median stripes on ventral surface; dorsal aspect of chelicerae dark on proximal fingers and distal margin of manus, yellow-dark brown reticulated on distal half of manus; legs dark brown on trochanter, femur and patella except for lighter spots on distal patella and lighter patella I; leg tibia I pale whitish-yellow, tibia II– IV light brown; leg tarsi pale whitish-yellow; pedipalps light to dark brown on trochanter, femur and patella, chela manus light brown or yellow, with dark distal band at base of fingers, chela fingers yellow; ventral aspect of mesosoma a lighter shade of brown, except for dark brown sternite VII.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118904/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" startId="46.[192,278,1755,1778]" targetBox="[210,1383,200,1709]" targetPageId="46">
<paragraph blockId="46.[192,1441,1755,1902]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,390,1755,1778]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Figures 226–243:</emphasis>
Trichobothrial maps and chela finger dentition of 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[896,1009,1757,1778]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[896,1009,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1018,1086,1757,1778]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1103,1378,1757,1778]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[1103,1218,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[1233,1372,1757,1778]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Male (♂): dorsal (226), external (227) and ventrointernal (228) aspect of chela; dorsal (232) and external (233) aspect of patella; dorsal (238), external (239) and internal (240) aspect of femur; dentition of movable finger (MF) (234) and fixed finger (FF) (235). Female (♀): dorsal (229), external (230) and ventrointernal (231) aspect of chela; dorsal (236) and external (237) aspect of patella; internal (241), dorsal (242) and external (243) aspect of femur. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm (♂, ♂ dentition, ♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="47.[192,802,199,1909]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,350,352,375]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Carapace</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[374,485,352,375]" captionStart="Figures 194–195" captionStartId="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Figs. 194</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[505,545,352,375]" captionStart="Figures 196–197" captionStartId="42.[192,278,1470,1493]" captionTargetBox="[199,1432,176,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-12@42.[192,1439,168,1440]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figures 196–197: Prosoma and mesosoma of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 196. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 197. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118896/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">196</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[568,608,352,375]" captionStart="Figures 198–199" captionStartId="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">198</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[630,670,352,375]" captionStart="Figures 200–201" captionStartId="44.[192,278,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,202,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-12@44.[192,1439,192,1444]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figures 200–201: Prosoma and mesosoma of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 200. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 201. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118900/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">200</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[693,787,352,375]" captionStart="Figures 326–329" captionStartId="66.[192,278,1118,1141]" captionTargetBox="[206,1425,206,1077]" captionTargetId="figure-12@66.[192,1439,192,1091]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Figures 326–329: Right lateral eye clusters of Xenobuthus gen. n. Figs. 326–327. X. anthracinus, adult male (326) and adult female (327). Figs. 328–329. X. xanthus sp. n., adult male (328) and adult female (329). Locality data as in Tab. 7. UV fluorescence. Scale bar: 100 µm, for all panels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118936/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">326–327</figureCitation>
). Strongly trapezoidal, W/L 1.09–1.20, posterior W/ anterior 
<geoCoordinate box="[257,336,414,437]" degrees="2.14" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" precision="555" value="-2.14">W 2.14</geoCoordinate>
–2.24; lateral flanks steeply sloped; median ocular tubercle prominent; postocular area forming triangular posteromedial plateau with shallow depressions; interocular triangle gently sloped downwards towards anterior margin, less so in female; anterior margin with 10 (
<specimenCount box="[392,412,567,590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
), or 12 (
<specimenCount box="[526,546,567,590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) macrosetae, carapace otherwise devoid of macrosetae; anterolateral margins with 6 pairs of lateral eyes: 3 major ocelli and 1 minor ocellus below granular ridge, and 2 minor ocelli above granular ridge; whitish eyespot present below lateral eye cluster; all carinae of carapace obsolete except for superciliary carinae which may extend slightly anterior to median ocular tubercle; central median and posterior median carinae indicated by granule rows along edges of postocular plateau; surface with sparse to moderate irregular coarse granulation, with locally smooth areas in postocular plateau, posterior transverse and posterior marginal furrows, and most of interocular triangle; superciliary carinae smooth, with a few coarse granules on posterior slopes; granulation of female carapace similar to male, slightly weaker.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[192,802,199,1909]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,362,1058,1081]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Chelicerae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[389,561,1058,1081]" captionStart="Figures 258–261" captionStartId="51.[192,278,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[257,1357,201,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-110@51.[258,1356,202,1776]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figures 258–261: Chelicerae of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895) and X. xanthus sp. n. Figs. 258–259. X. anthracinus, right chelicera, dorsal (258) and ventral (259) aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Figs. 260–261. X. xanthus sp. n., right chelicera, dorsal (260) and ventral (261) aspect. Holotype male. Scale bar: 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118912/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Figs. 258–259</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of manus smooth, with two short, pale microsetae on apical margin, each with adjacent granules; dorsointernal carina strong, granulate, bearing one long, dark macroseta and one short, pale microseta; fingers robust, movable finger dorsal margin with two large subdistal denticles and two small basal denticles, ventral margin with larger subdistal and smaller basal denticles, fixed finger with large subdistal denticle and proximal bicusp, two denticles on ventral surface; dorsal surface of movable finger smooth, with three pale microsetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[192,802,199,1909]" lastBlockId="47.[830,1441,199,1909]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,436,1395,1418]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Coxosternal area</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[452,553,1395,1418]" captionStart="Figures 194–195" captionStartId="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Figs. 195</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[568,610,1395,1418]" captionStart="Figures 196–197" captionStartId="42.[192,278,1470,1493]" captionTargetBox="[199,1432,176,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-12@42.[192,1439,168,1440]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figures 196–197: Prosoma and mesosoma of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 196. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 197. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118896/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">197</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[622,664,1395,1418]" captionStart="Figures 198–199" captionStartId="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">199</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[677,717,1395,1418]" captionStart="Figures 200–201" captionStartId="44.[192,278,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,202,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-12@44.[192,1439,192,1444]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figures 200–201: Prosoma and mesosoma of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 200. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 201. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118900/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">201</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[740,795,1395,1418]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Male</emphasis>
. Coxa I finely granulated, endite smooth on anterior margin, sparsely granulated on posterior areas; coxa II with fine granules concentrated along margins, central surfaces sparsely granulated mostly smooth, endite smooth on anterior quarter and medial margin, granulated elsewhere; coxa III with strong peg-like granulation concentrated along anterior and distal margins, posterior margin weakly granular in proximal half, central area of sclerite smooth; coxa IV with dense band of strong peg-like granulation along anterior margin, rimmed with row of similar granules along proximal half of posterior margin, central surface smooth or very weakly shagreened; coxae I–III with scattered, mostly anterior macrosetae: coxa I 5–6, II 6–9, III 5; coxa IV with single macroseta on anterior proximal limit; sternum weakly granulated, subtriangular, with deep posteromedian pit, bearing 2 short macrosetae; genital opercula with fine granulation on anterior margin, otherwise smooth, with 4–5 macrosetae, posterolateral margins weakly concave. 
<emphasis box="[1088,1168,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Female</emphasis>
. Coxa I strongly granulated, similar to male; coxa II granulation weaker than male, granules strong only on distal and anterior margins, endites almost smooth; coxa III smooth except for narrow strip of granules along proximal 3/4 of anterior margin; coxa IV with granulation similar to male but slightly weaker, strong granulation on anterior and proximal posterior margins; coxal macrosetae: I 4– 6, II 8, III 5–6, IV 1; sternum similar to male, granulate with larger median pit, 2 setae; genital opercula smooth except for weak granulation along outer anterior margin, 3–5 macrosetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[830,1441,199,1909]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,971,659,682]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Pectines</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[993,1102,659,682]" captionStart="Figures 194–195" captionStartId="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Figs. 195</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1121,1163,659,682]" captionStart="Figures 196–197" captionStartId="42.[192,278,1470,1493]" captionTargetBox="[199,1432,176,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-12@42.[192,1439,168,1440]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figures 196–197: Prosoma and mesosoma of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 196. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 197. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118896/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">197</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1181,1223,659,682]" captionStart="Figures 198–199" captionStartId="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">199</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1241,1285,659,682]" captionStart="Figures 200–201" captionStartId="44.[192,278,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,202,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-12@44.[192,1439,192,1444]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figures 200–201: Prosoma and mesosoma of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 200. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 201. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118900/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">201</figureCitation>
). Basal piece with anterior margin concave, with deep median pit or groove; surface in male nearly flat, weakly shagreened, bearing 5 setae, in female strongly biconcave posteriorly, granulated in depressions and along posterior margin, bearing 7 setae; pectines with 3 marginal lamellae, 7–8 middle lamellae, extending to distal end of coxa IV in male, falling short of distal end in female; marginal and middle lamellae with moderate cover of short macrosetae; fulcra with 1–4 fine macrosetae (mostly 3–4); teeth of similar length in both sexes, tooth counts: 
<specimenCount box="[1420,1440,966,989]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
19/20, 
<specimenCount box="[905,925,996,1019]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
19/19.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[830,1441,199,1909]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,1114,1027,1050]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Hemispermatophore</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1138,1305,1027,1050]" captionStart="Figures 248–251" captionStartId="49.[192,278,1298,1321]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1268]" captionTargetId="figure-469@49.[192,1440,192,1267]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figures 248–251: Hemispermatophore of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 248–250. Capsule region of right hemispermatophore, anterior (284), convex (249) and posterior (250) aspects. Scale bar: 200 µm. In convex view (249), the capsule is compressed to show outlines of lobes. Fig. 251. Whole left hemispermatophore, convex aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. White light illumination. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118908/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Figs. 248–251</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1325,1369,1027,1050]" captionStart="Figures 330–337" captionStartId="67.[192,278,1053,1076]" captionTargetBox="[206,1426,159,1000]" captionTargetId="figure-6@67.[192,1440,144,1014]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figures 330–337: Diagnostic characters of genera Butheolus and Xenobuthus gen. n.. Figs. 330–331. Hemispermatophore basal lobes of B. gallagheri (330) and X. anthracinus (331); axial views of right (330) and mirrored left (331) hemispermatophore. Oriented with convex side up, anterior margin left and posterior margin right. Abbreviations: b, basal lobe; m, median lobe. Scale bars: 50 µm. Figs. 332–337. Dentition of posterior margin of sternite IV in male B. gallagheri (332), B. harrisoni sp. n. (333), X. anthracinus (334), X. xanthus sp. n. (335), Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock, 1895) (336) and H. pellucidus Lowe, 2010 (337). UV fluorescence. Scale bars: 100 µm. Locality data: 330 and 332, as in Tab. 1; 331 and 334, as in Tab. 7; 333, paratype male, same locality as holotype; 335, holotype; 336, Oman, Rte 13, ca. 5.9 km E junction Wadi Mistal Rd, 23°21.33'N 57°38.21'E, 460 m a.s.l., 26.IX.1994, leg. G, Lowe, M.D. Gallagher; 337, Oman, Jabal Bani Jabir, IX.1995, 1800 m a.s.l., leg A. Francois, C. DeLise (ONHM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118938/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">331</figureCitation>
). Flagelliform, trunk elongate, ca. 6.4 times length of capsule region; flagellum with short pars recta bearing anterior marginal lamella, longer pars reflecta gradually tapering to cylindrical hyaline filament; sperm hemiduct tripartite, posterior lobe large, laminate, median lobe small, acuminate, anterior lobe of intermediate length; posterior margin of median lobe overhanging posterior lobe, the two lobes fused along median lobe carina; basal lobe a low, broad, axially oriented, curved scoop, with posterior-facing concavity, proximally angled in posterior direction, distally confluent with median lobe carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[830,1441,199,1909]" lastBlockId="49.[830,1440,1448,1900]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,998,1395,1418]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1024,1191,1395,1418]" captionStart-0="Figures 194–195" captionStart-1="Figures 196–197" captionStart-2="Figures 198–199" captionStart-3="Figures 200–201" captionStartId-0="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionStartId-1="42.[192,278,1470,1493]" captionStartId-2="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionStartId-3="44.[192,278,1474,1497]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1432,176,1432]" captionTargetBox-2="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetBox-3="[202,1429,202,1434]" captionTargetId-0="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@42.[192,1439,168,1440]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetId-3="figure-12@44.[192,1439,192,1444]" captionTargetPageId-0="41" captionTargetPageId-1="42" captionTargetPageId-2="43" captionTargetPageId-3="44" captionText-0="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-1="Figures 196–197: Prosoma and mesosoma of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 196. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 197. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." captionText-2="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-3="Figures 200–201: Prosoma and mesosoma of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 200. Dorsal aspect, carapace and tergites. Fig. 201. Ventral aspect, coxosternal area and sternites. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118896" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118900" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7118896/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7118900/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Figs. 194–201</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1212,1256,1395,1418]" captionStart="Figures 330–337" captionStartId="67.[192,278,1053,1076]" captionTargetBox="[206,1426,159,1000]" captionTargetId="figure-6@67.[192,1440,144,1014]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figures 330–337: Diagnostic characters of genera Butheolus and Xenobuthus gen. n.. Figs. 330–331. Hemispermatophore basal lobes of B. gallagheri (330) and X. anthracinus (331); axial views of right (330) and mirrored left (331) hemispermatophore. Oriented with convex side up, anterior margin left and posterior margin right. Abbreviations: b, basal lobe; m, median lobe. Scale bars: 50 µm. Figs. 332–337. Dentition of posterior margin of sternite IV in male B. gallagheri (332), B. harrisoni sp. n. (333), X. anthracinus (334), X. xanthus sp. n. (335), Hottentotta jayakari (Pocock, 1895) (336) and H. pellucidus Lowe, 2010 (337). UV fluorescence. Scale bars: 100 µm. Locality data: 330 and 332, as in Tab. 1; 331 and 334, as in Tab. 7; 333, paratype male, same locality as holotype; 335, holotype; 336, Oman, Rte 13, ca. 5.9 km E junction Wadi Mistal Rd, 23°21.33'N 57°38.21'E, 460 m a.s.l., 26.IX.1994, leg. G, Lowe, M.D. Gallagher; 337, Oman, Jabal Bani Jabir, IX.1995, 1800 m a.s.l., leg A. Francois, C. DeLise (ONHM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118938/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">334</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[1285,1372,1395,1418]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Tergites</emphasis>
: pretergites smooth, with weak, fine corrugations on posterior margins; tergites I–VI with lateral areas of coarse granulation in central and posterior parts, broken by smooth transverse patches, anterior lateral and medial areas heavily shagreened, posterior margins of sclerites rimmed by regular rows of granules; tergite I without distinct carinae, II with weak traces of median or median plus paired lateral carinae; tergites III–VI tricarinate with anteriorly divergent, granulate carinae which become stronger on more posterior tergites; granulation and carination pattern of female similar to male but much weaker; tergite VII with 5 carinae, median carina a weak granulated hump, lateral carinae strongly granular, inner lateral carinae anteriorly divergent, intercarinal areas with sparse or moderate density of coarse granules, smoother in male; all tergites lacking macrosetae; 
<emphasis box="[192,282,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">sternites</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis box="[298,350,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">male</emphasis>
: sternites III–V lacking carinae, medially smooth, weakly shagreened anterolaterally, III densely shagreened on surface covered by pectines; sternites IV– VI with weak, smooth remnants of outer lateral carinae near posterior margins adjacent to spiracles, VI with weak, smooth remnants of inner lateral carinae; sternites IV–VI with wide, posteromedian smooth patch; posterior margins of sternites III–VI with fringe of small, non-contiguous, digitate denticles; sternite VII smooth except for sparse fine granulation on outer lateral areas, median carinae weakly granulose, nearly smooth, lateral carinae strongly granulose; carinae confined to posterior 2/3 of sternite, only median pairs extending to posterior margin; non-marginal macrosetae: III 20 along edges of pectinal contact area, IV 10, V 7, VI 6, VII 6 including 4 stereotypic isolated macrosetae near outer anterior ends of carinae; 
<emphasis box="[318,389,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">female</emphasis>
: sternite III smooth except for finely shagreened areas on surface covered by pectines; sternites IV–VI smooth except for very weakly shagreened anterior edges adjacent to pre-sternite borders; sternite VII smooth medially and anteriorly, sparsely granulate on mediolateral and lateral intercarinal surfaces; carinae obsolete on sternite III, reduced to smooth posterior wrinkles on medial sides of spiracles on IV–VI; posterior marginal denticles of sternites III–VI much smaller than in male; sternite VII with two pairs of welldeveloped smooth or weakly granular carinae, sparse granulation on mediolateral and lateral surfaces; nonmarginal macrosetae: III 26, IV 12, V 6, VI 7, VII 6; mesosoma wider in female than male.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118906/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" startId="48.[192,278,1684,1707]" targetBox="[191,1440,191,1655]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph blockId="48.[192,1441,1684,1757]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,389,1684,1707]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Figures 244–247:</emphasis>
Leg tarsi and tibiae of male 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[678,792,1686,1707]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[678,792,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[802,866,1686,1707]" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[874,1147,1686,1707]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[874,988,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="47">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[1003,1137,1686,1707]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="48" pageNumber="47" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Retrolateral aspect, left leg I (244), II (245), III (246), IV (247) tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus. Same locality data as male in Table 7. White light illumination. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118908/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" startId="49.[192,278,1298,1321]" targetBox="[191,1440,191,1268]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph blockId="49.[192,1441,1298,1395]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,388,1298,1321]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Figures 248–251:</emphasis>
Hemispermatophore of 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[627,740,1299,1320]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[627,740,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[748,815,1299,1320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[830,1099,1299,1320]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[830,945,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[958,1092,1299,1320]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1114,1259,1299,1320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Figs. 248–250.</emphasis>
Capsule region of right hemispermatophore, anterior (284), convex (249) and posterior (250) aspects. Scale bar: 200 µm. In convex view (249), the capsule is compressed to show outlines of lobes. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[674,763,1349,1370]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Fig. 251.</emphasis>
Whole left hemispermatophore, convex aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. White light illumination. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="49.[830,1440,1448,1900]" lastBlockId="52.[192,802,199,1910]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,996,1662,1685]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1023,1188,1662,1685]" captionStart="Figures 194–195" captionStartId="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">Figs. 194–195</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1213,1307,1662,1685]" captionStart="Figures 198–199" captionStartId="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">198–199</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1331,1426,1662,1685]" captionStart="Figures 252–257" captionStartId="50.[192,278,1405,1428]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-12@50.[192,1440,192,1375]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figures 252–257: Metasoma and telson of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 252–254. Male (♂). Dorsal (252), right lateral (253) and ventral (254) aspects. Figs. 255–257. Female (♀). Dorsal (255), right lateral (256) and ventral (257) aspects. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118910/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">252–257</figureCitation>
). Length about equal to prosoma and mesosoma, metasoma + telson L/ carapace L 
<specimenCount box="[1155,1175,1724,1747]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
5.33, 
<specimenCount box="[1248,1268,1724,1747]" pageId="49" pageNumber="48" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
5.27; segments moderately robust; 
<emphasis box="[1049,1160,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="48">carination</emphasis>
: segments I–IV with 10 complete carinae, IV with lateral median carinae weaker than I–II but distinct; segment V with 7 carinae in male, 5 carinae in female (ventrosubmedian carinae indistinct); carinae on segments I–IV uniformly granulate, except for nearly smooth ventromedian and ventrolateral carinae on metasoma I of female; ventrolateral carinae on V with granules gradually increasing in size, from finer anteriorly to coarser posteriorly; segment V with ventromedian carina marked by series of coarse granules, bifurcating in posterior half, ventrosubmedian carinae of male marked by series of coarse granules in anterior half, breaking up in posterior half, of female indistinct with coarse granules occupying broader longitudinal strips; lateral anal margin with 2 blunt granules or lobes, ventral anal margin with 17 (
<specimenCount box="[536,556,1837,1860]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) or 20 (
<specimenCount box="[662,682,1837,1860]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) granules; 
<emphasis box="[192,426,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">intercarinal surfaces</emphasis>
: lateral and ventral aspects of segments I–IV mostly smooth with sparse fine granulation or isolated granules, except for denser fine granulation on ventral aspect of female metasoma VI; dorsolateral and lateral surfaces of segments II–VI rugose in female, weakly rugose in male; segment V of male with sparse granulation on lateral and ventral surfaces, of female with sparse granulation on lateral surface, denser granulation on ventral surface, lateral surface rugose in female, weakly so in male; dorsal surfaces of all segments smooth in both sexes; 
<emphasis box="[1350,1432,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">setation</emphasis>
: all segments equipped with scattered long, curved, golden macrosetae on all aspects, most located near or on carinae, setae of similar length in both sexes; metasoma V with 5–6 macrosetae along dorsolateral margins.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118910/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" startId="50.[192,278,1405,1428]" targetBox="[191,1440,191,1376]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph blockId="50.[192,1441,1405,1478]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,389,1405,1428]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Figures 252–257:</emphasis>
Metasoma and telson of 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[640,752,1407,1428]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[640,752,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[759,826,1407,1428]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[833,1107,1407,1428]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[833,948,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[962,1100,1407,1428]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="50" pageNumber="49" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1118,1264,1407,1428]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Figs. 252–254.</emphasis>
Male (♂). Dorsal (252), right lateral (253) and ventral (254) aspects. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[688,833,1432,1453]" pageId="50" pageNumber="49">Figs. 255–257.</emphasis>
Female (♀). Dorsal (255), right lateral (256) and ventral (257) aspects. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7118912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118912/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" startId="51.[192,278,1806,1829]" targetBox="[257,1357,201,1777]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph blockId="51.[192,1440,1806,1879]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,387,1806,1829]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Figures 258–261:</emphasis>
Chelicerae of male 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[585,698,1808,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
<emphasis box="[585,698,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[704,770,1808,1829]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[783,1052,1808,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[783,897,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">anthracinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[911,1045,1808,1829]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[1101,1202,1808,1829]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthus" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[1101,1115,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">X</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1127,1202,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">xanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1208,1261,1808,1829]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1267,1412,1808,1829]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Figs. 258–259.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[1419,1434,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">X</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[192,307,1833,1854]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">anthracinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, right chelicera, dorsal (258) and ventral (259) aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1262,1410,1833,1854]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">Figs. 260–261.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthus" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[1420,1435,1833,1854]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">X</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[192,267,1858,1879]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="50">xanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[273,326,1858,1879]" pageId="51" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, right chelicera, dorsal (260) and ventral (261) aspect. Holotype male. Scale bar: 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="52.[192,802,199,1910]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,316,260,283]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[332,485,260,283]" captionStart="Figures 194–195" captionStartId="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figs. 194–195</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[498,592,260,283]" captionStart="Figures 198–199" captionStartId="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">198–199</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[606,701,260,283]" captionStart="Figures 252–257" captionStartId="50.[192,278,1405,1428]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-12@50.[192,1440,192,1375]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figures 252–257: Metasoma and telson of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 252–254. Male (♂). Dorsal (252), right lateral (253) and ventral (254) aspects. Figs. 255–257. Female (♀). Dorsal (255), right lateral (256) and ventral (257) aspects. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118910/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">252–257</figureCitation>
). Vesicle smooth dorsally and laterally, mostly smooth ventrally except for a few granules at anterior end; small indentations at setal insertion points; bulbous, with steep posterior slope, subaculear tubercle absent, but a slight ridge indicates trace of tubercle; several long macrosetae on lateral and ventral surfaces; aculeus slightly shorter than vesicle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[192,802,199,1910]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,351,506,529]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Pedipalps</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[373,533,506,529]" captionStart-0="Figures 202–225" captionStart-1="Figures 226–243" captionStartId-0="45.[192,278,1490,1513]" captionStartId-1="46.[192,278,1755,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1440,191,1460]" captionTargetBox-1="[210,1383,200,1709]" captionTargetId-0="figure-6@45.[192,1440,192,1459]" captionTargetId-1="figure-12@46.[204,1393,180,1728]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="Figures 202–225: Pedipalp of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 202–213. Male (♂). Dorsal (202–204), external (205–207), ventral (208–210) and internal (211–213) aspect of femur (202, 205, 208, 211), patella (203, 206, 209, 212) and chela (204, 207, 210, 213). Figs. 214–225. Female (♀). Dorsal (214–216), external (217–219), ventral (220–222) and internal (223–225) aspect of femur (214, 217, 220, 223), patella (215, 218, 221, 224) and chela (216, 219, 222, 225). Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 226–243: Trichobothrial maps and chela finger dentition of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Male (♂): dorsal (226), external (227) and ventrointernal (228) aspect of chela; dorsal (232) and external (233) aspect of patella; dorsal (238), external (239) and internal (240) aspect of femur; dentition of movable finger (MF) (234) and fixed finger (FF) (235). Female (♀): dorsal (229), external (230) and ventrointernal (231) aspect of chela; dorsal (236) and external (237) aspect of patella; internal (241), dorsal (242) and external (243) aspect of femur. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm (♂, ♂ dentition, ♀)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118902" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118904" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7118902/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7118904/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figs. 202–243</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[560,615,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[636,795,506,529]" captionStart="Figures 202–225" captionStartId="45.[192,278,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-6@45.[192,1440,192,1459]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figures 202–225: Pedipalp of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 202–213. Male (♂). Dorsal (202–204), external (205–207), ventral (208–210) and internal (211–213) aspect of femur (202, 205, 208, 211), patella (203, 206, 209, 212) and chela (204, 207, 210, 213). Figs. 214–225. Female (♀). Dorsal (214–216), external (217–219), ventral (220–222) and internal (223–225) aspect of femur (214, 217, 220, 223), patella (215, 218, 221, 224) and chela (216, 219, 222, 225). Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118902/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figs. 202–213</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[192,535,536,559]" captionStart="Figures 226–243" captionStartId="46.[192,278,1755,1778]" captionTargetBox="[210,1383,200,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-12@46.[204,1393,180,1728]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figures 226–243: Trichobothrial maps and chela finger dentition of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Male (♂): dorsal (226), external (227) and ventrointernal (228) aspect of chela; dorsal (232) and external (233) aspect of patella; dorsal (238), external (239) and internal (240) aspect of femur; dentition of movable finger (MF) (234) and fixed finger (FF) (235). Female (♀): dorsal (229), external (230) and ventrointernal (231) aspect of chela; dorsal (236) and external (237) aspect of patella; internal (241), dorsal (242) and external (243) aspect of femur. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm (♂, ♂ dentition, ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118904/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">226–228, 232–235, 238–240</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[573,644,536,559]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Femur</emphasis>
: L/ 
<geoCoordinate box="[698,795,536,559]" degrees="3. 02" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="-3.02">W 3.02</geoCoordinate>
; dorsointernal and dorsoexternal carinae strong, ventrointernal carina moderate, all with regular coarse granulation; external carina strong, nearly smooth with isolated coarse granules associated with setal insertion points; internal carina moderate, with isolated medium to coarse granules; dorsal surface faintly shagreened, nearly smooth, other surfaces smooth; 8–10 accessory macrosetae on distal external surface; 
<emphasis box="[603,677,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">patella</emphasis>
: L/ 
<geoCoordinate box="[715,795,782,805]" degrees="2.90" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="-2.9">W 2.90</geoCoordinate>
; internal, dorsointernal and dorsomedian carinae moderate, weakly granulated, nearly smooth; dorsoexternal carina weak, smooth; external carina moderate, smooth; other carinae obsolete, ventromedian and ventroexternal carinae barely visible as smooth traces of thickened integument; intercarinal surfaces smooth; 
<emphasis box="[645,703,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">chela</emphasis>
: slender, L/ 
<geoCoordinate box="[216,305,996,1019]" degrees="4.27" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="-4.27">W 4.27</geoCoordinate>
, all carinae obsolete, surface smooth with sparse macrosetae and microsetae; 9–10 primary denticle subrows on movable fingers, 8 on fixed fingers, total count of non-enlarged primary denticles on movable fingers 45/48, on fixed fingers 45/46; denticle subrows except proximal flanked by internal and external accessory denticles, 8–9 internal or external accessory denticles on movable finger, 7–8 on fixed finger. 
<emphasis box="[270,350,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[366,519,1242,1265]" captionStart="Figures 202–225" captionStartId="45.[192,278,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-6@45.[192,1440,192,1459]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figures 202–225: Pedipalp of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Figs. 202–213. Male (♂). Dorsal (202–204), external (205–207), ventral (208–210) and internal (211–213) aspect of femur (202, 205, 208, 211), patella (203, 206, 209, 212) and chela (204, 207, 210, 213). Figs. 214–225. Female (♀). Dorsal (214–216), external (217–219), ventral (220–222) and internal (223–225) aspect of femur (214, 217, 220, 223), patella (215, 218, 221, 224) and chela (216, 219, 222, 225). Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118902/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figs. 214–225</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 226–243" captionStartId="46.[192,278,1755,1778]" captionTargetBox="[210,1383,200,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-12@46.[204,1393,180,1728]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figures 226–243: Trichobothrial maps and chela finger dentition of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Male (♂): dorsal (226), external (227) and ventrointernal (228) aspect of chela; dorsal (232) and external (233) aspect of patella; dorsal (238), external (239) and internal (240) aspect of femur; dentition of movable finger (MF) (234) and fixed finger (FF) (235). Female (♀): dorsal (229), external (230) and ventrointernal (231) aspect of chela; dorsal (236) and external (237) aspect of patella; internal (241), dorsal (242) and external (243) aspect of femur. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm (♂, ♂ dentition, ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118904/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">229–231, 236–237, 241– 243</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[260,331,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Femur</emphasis>
: more robust than male, L/ 
<geoCoordinate box="[649,733,1272,1295]" degrees="2. 67" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="-2.67">W 2.67</geoCoordinate>
; carination and surface texture similar to male; 9–11 accessory macrosetae on distal external surface; 
<emphasis box="[658,732,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">patella</emphasis>
: more robust than male, L/ 
<geoCoordinate box="[425,510,1364,1387]" degrees="2.56" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="-2.56">W 2.56</geoCoordinate>
; dorsointernal and dorsomedian carinae smooth, internal carina with weaker granulation than male, other carinae similar to male; intercarinal surfaces smooth; 
<emphasis box="[523,581,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">chela</emphasis>
: more slender than male, L/ 
<geoCoordinate box="[288,376,1487,1510]" degrees="4.61" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" precision="555" value="-4.61">W 4.61</geoCoordinate>
, all carinae obsolete, surface smooth with sparse macrosetae and microsetae; 9–10 primary denticle subrows on movable fingers, 8 on fixed fingers, total count of non-enlarged primary denticles on movable fingers 52/53, on fixed fingers 41/58; 9 internal or external accessory denticles on movable fingers, 8–9 on fixed finger. 
<emphasis box="[340,534,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Trichobothriotaxy</emphasis>
: orthobothriotaxic, 
<typeStatus box="[756,802,1671,1694]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
Aβ (
<bibRefCitation author="Vachon" box="[240,393,1704,1727]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="857 - 958" refId="ref36318" refString="VACHON, M. 1974. Etude des caracteres utilises pour classe les familles et les genre de Scorpiones (Arachnides). 1. La trichobothriotaxie en Arachnologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et types de trichobothriotaxie chez les scorpions. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle Paris, Zoologie, (3) 104 (140): 857 - 958." type="journal article" year="1974">Vachon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation box="[415,568,1704,1727]" captionStart="Figures 226–243" captionStartId="46.[192,278,1755,1778]" captionTargetBox="[210,1383,200,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-12@46.[204,1393,180,1728]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figures 226–243: Trichobothrial maps and chela finger dentition of Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Male (♂): dorsal (226), external (227) and ventrointernal (228) aspect of chela; dorsal (232) and external (233) aspect of patella; dorsal (238), external (239) and internal (240) aspect of femur; dentition of movable finger (MF) (234) and fixed finger (FF) (235). Female (♀): dorsal (229), external (230) and ventrointernal (231) aspect of chela; dorsal (236) and external (237) aspect of patella; internal (241), dorsal (242) and external (243) aspect of femur. Both sexes with same locality data as in Table 7. Scale bars: 1 mm (♂, ♂ dentition, ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118904/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figs. 226–243</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[192,802,199,1910]" lastBlockId="52.[830,1441,199,958]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[240,293,1734,1757]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[314,471,1734,1757]" captionStart="Figures 194–195" captionStartId="41.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1745]" captionTargetId="figure-6@41.[192,1439,216,1744]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figures 194–195: Habitus of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 194. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 195. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as male in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118894/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figs. 194–195</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[489,582,1734,1757]" captionStart="Figures 198–199" captionStartId="43.[192,278,1785,1808]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,215,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-6@43.[192,1439,216,1726]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figures 198–199: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Fig. 198. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 199. Ventral aspect. Same locality data as female in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118898/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">198–199</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[600,698,1734,1757]" captionStart="Figures 244–247" captionStartId="48.[192,278,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-124@48.[192,1440,192,1654]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figures 244–247: Leg tarsi and tibiae of male Xenobuthus gen. n. anthracinus (Pocock, 1895). Retrolateral aspect, left leg I (244), II (245), III (246), IV (247) tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus. Same locality data as male in Table 7. White light illumination. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118906/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">244–247</figureCitation>
). Inferior carinae finely denticulate on femur I–III, finely crenulate on femur IV; other carinae on femora finely granulate; prolateral surfaces of femora sparsely shagreened; patella II–IV with weakly denticulate inferior carinae, other carinae smooth, prolateral surfaces smooth; tibia III–IV with spurs; retrolateral tarsal spurs simple, prolateral tarsal spurs basally bifurcate; basitarsi I/II/III with 8/11/12–13 long retrosuperior macrosetae arranged in bristle-combs; ventral surface of telotarsi with dual rows of long, fine macrosetae, but dual row condition may be confined to only basal portion on basitarsi I–III, leaving a single file of setae in distal portion (cf. 
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" firstAuthor="Pocock" page="295" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock, 1895: 295</bibRefCitation>
); tarsal ungues moderately long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[830,1441,199,958]" box="[878,1192,444,467]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,1053,444,467]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Measurements.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation box="[1104,1188,444,467]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="64.[192,257,1269,1292]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@64.[199,1434,192,1239]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Table 7: Measurements of adults of Xenobuthus anthracinus (Pocock, 1895) and Xenobuthus gen. n. xanthus sp. n. X. anthracinus: male (♂): Oman, S of Thumrait; Nejd Desert, 17°30.77'N 54°2.82' E, 19.X.1993, leg. G. Lowe; female (♀): Oman, S of Thumrait; Nejd Desert, 17°30.76'N 54°2.76' E, 16.X.1993, leg. G. Lowe. X. xanthus: holotype male (♂): Oman, Jabal Zulul, 17°57.12'N 55°39.28' E, 26.IX.1995, leg. G. Lowe, M.D. Gallagher; paratype females (♀): #1: Wadi Ara, Jabal Samhan, 17°16'N 54°57'E, 2.II.1994, leg. M.R. Brown; #2, Oman, Wadi Shuwaymiyah, 17°55.94'N 55°31.47'E, 25.IX.1995, leg. G. Lowe, M.D. Gallagher. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width, D depth." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C3DC662AFFC36F77FF527298FD392F86" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="C3DC662AFFC36F77FF527298FD392F86">Table 7</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="52.[830,1441,199,958]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,995,475,498]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Variation.</emphasis>
A second, smaller female (
<quantity box="[1300,1381,475,498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
, subadult?) from Khamis Mushayt, 
<collectingCountry box="[1185,1330,506,529]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(AMNH) was examined, and did not differ significantly in key diagnostic characters from the larger adult female (
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
) from Dhofar described here (see also description of that specimen in 
<bibRefCitation author="Hendrixson" box="[1039,1245,628,651]" firstAuthor="Hendrixson" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="33 - 120" refId="ref33409" refString="HENDRIXSON, B. E. 2006. Buthid scorpions of Saudi Arabia, with notes on other families (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Liochelidae, Scorpionidae). Fauna of Arabia, 21: 33 - 120." type="journal article" year="2006">Hendrixson, 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens examined match very well the excellent original description and plates of 
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[1080,1243,690,713]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="292 - 316" refId="ref35417" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1895. On the Arachnida and Myriopoda obtained by Dr. Anderson's collector during Mr T. Brent's expedition to the Hadramaut, South Arabia, with a supplement upon the scorpions obtained by Dr. Anderson in Egypt and the Eastern Soudan. Journal of the Linnean Society, 25: 292 - 316." type="journal article" year="1895">Pocock (1895)</bibRefCitation>
, for material collected from the 
<collectingRegion box="[1022,1140,720,743]" country="Yemen" name="Hadramawt" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Hadramaut</collectingRegion>
in 
<collectingCountry box="[1190,1270,720,743]" name="Yemen" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Yemen</collectingCountry>
. Pocock noted variation in fuscous markings on proximal leg segments, and on carinae of pedipalp femur and patella. The 
<typeStatus pageId="52" pageNumber="51">lectotype</typeStatus>
female (ZMUH, photograph examined) appears to be an immature or juvenile instar (
<quantity box="[1212,1295,843,866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
). It has more slender pedipalp segments, which is typical of immature 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[830,956,904,927]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[830,956,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Xenobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. in juvenile 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2018" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2018" box="[1148,1263,904,927]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Xenobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthus" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[1148,1164,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">X</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1180,1263,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">xanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1272,1334,904,927]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1272,1334,904,927]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, cf. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 266–267" captionStartId="55.[192,278,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-79@55.[192,1440,192,1498]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figures 266–267: Habitus of female Xenobuthus gen. n. xanthus sp. n. Fig. 266. Dorsal aspect. Fig. 267. Ventral aspect. Paratype female (♀), #2 in Table 7. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7118920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7118920/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Figs. 266</figureCitation>
vs. 270).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="52.[830,1441,999,1298]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
DISTRIBUTION. The distribution apparently covers the mountainous plateau region of the southwestern Arabian Peninsula, ranging from 
<collectingRegion box="[1130,1176,1061,1084]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Asir</collectingRegion>
highlands of Khamis Mushayt (
<collectingCountry box="[948,1104,1091,1114]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
), through the 
<collectingRegion box="[1282,1400,1091,1114]" country="Yemen" name="Hadramawt" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Hadramaut</collectingRegion>
of 
<collectingCountry box="[830,910,1122,1145]" name="Yemen" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Yemen</collectingCountry>
, to the Nejd Desert in 
<collectingRegion box="[1165,1243,1122,1145]" country="Oman" name="Zufar" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Dhofar</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1256,1325,1122,1145]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Oman</collectingCountry>
. A similar range of distribution is seen in other scorpions that inhabit the mountain ranges tracking the west to southwest coast of the Arabian Plate, e.g. 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe et al., 2014" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haenggii">
<emphasis box="[1254,1440,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Leiurus haenggii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lowe" box="[830,1048,1245,1268]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lowe" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref35151" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe, 2010" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Microbuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kristensenorum">
<emphasis box="[1123,1440,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Microbuthus kristensenorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LOWE, G." box="[830,961,1275,1298]" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 53" part="93" refId="ref35042" refString="LOWE, G. 2010 a. New picobuthoid scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Oman. Euscorpius, 93: 1 - 53." title="New picobuthoid scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Oman" type="journal article" year="2010">Lowe, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="51" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="52.[830,1441,1340,1577]" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">
ECOLOGY. The male and female described here were both collected from the edge of a small sandy wadi in the arid Nejd Desert region (
<quantity box="[1152,1223,1401,1424]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="580.0">580 m</quantity>
a.s.l.), north of the Jabal Qara mountains in 
<collectingRegion box="[1097,1176,1432,1455]" country="Oman" name="Zufar" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Dhofar</collectingRegion>
. Scorpions that occurred together with 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1008,1180,1462,1485]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis box="[1008,1024,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">X</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1052,1180,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">anthracinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were: 
<taxonomicName authority="(Simon, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Compsobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutecarinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Compsobuthus acutecarinatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[1028,1194,1493,1516]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="207 - 260" refId="ref35698" refString="SIMON, E. 1882. Etude sur les Arachnides de l'Yemen meridional. Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei Signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso ' Esploratore' dal 16 nov. 1879 al 26 feb. 1880. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 18: 207 - 260." type="journal article" year="1882">Simon, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Vachon, 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Vachon" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salei">
<emphasis box="[1237,1440,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Hottentotta salei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Vachon" box="[838,995,1524,1547]" firstAuthor="Vachon" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="251 - 263" refId="ref36437" refString="VACHON, M. 1980. Scorpions du Dhofar. The Scientific Results of the Oman Flora and Fauna Survey 1977 (Dhofar). Journal of Oman Studies. Special Report, 2: 251 - 263." type="journal article" year="1980">Vachon, 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Lowe et al., 2014" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macroctenus">
<emphasis box="[1064,1293,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="51">Leiurus macroctenus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lowe" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lowe" pageId="52" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 129" refId="ref35151" refString="LOWE, G., E. A. YAGMUR &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2014. A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula. Euscorpius, 191: 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="2014">Lowe et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>