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<document id="1534B70B495D6E347CF288134BD46A20" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.196669" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70c7165d-3004-4826-a296-710cd0673bb8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="196669" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460249012601" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanamyan, Karen, Schories, Dirk &amp; Sanamyan, Nadya" docDate="2010" docId="03B43956CE07FFC7FF45FB71FC58AB2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02537p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2537" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aplidiopsis chilensis Sanamyan, Schories &amp; Sanamyan, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF8D412ECE04FFC3FFD2FFBBFFDFAF22" masterDocTitle="New records of aplousobranch ascidians from Central Chile" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="58" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698242319742" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E8A09AD43797D9CD0E26A4EED6FB7634">New records of aplousobranch ascidians from Central Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9DABAB13240C4F50E8AA5670D3980C7">Schories, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD0B884C142F77D5D3AFE00EEE9AF25A">Sanamyan, Nadya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4FB659220D03F8D23943C918333ECB56">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B43956CE07FFC7FF45FB71FC58AB2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6195858" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119391090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6195858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B43956CE07FFC7FF45FB71FC58AB2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B43956CE07FFC7FF45FB71FC58AB2E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE07FFC0FF45FB71FE4BAA28" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE07FFC0FF45FB71FE08ABC6" blockId="3.[151,471,1226,1290]" box="[151,471,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D0EA3F2CCE07FFC0FF45FB71FE08ABC6" bold="true" box="[151,471,1226,1252]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE07FFC0FF45FB71FE08ABC6" bold="true" box="[151,471,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE07FFC0FF45FB71FE51ABC6" box="[151,398,1226,1252]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE07FFC0FF45FB71FE51ABC6" bold="true" box="[151,398,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Aplidiopsis chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE07FFC0FE47FB71FE08ABC6" box="[405,471,1226,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE07FFC0FF45FB4BFE4BAA28" blockId="3.[151,471,1226,1290]" box="[151,404,1264,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
(
<figureCitation id="132694C5CE07FFC0FF4DFB4BFED0AA28" box="[159,271,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[363,1209,520,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[348,1239,510,1739]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, Aplidium falklandicum, larva. B, C, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp., zooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Figures 2</figureCitation>
B,C, 6A,B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE07FFC0FF45FA81FE1CAA58" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE07FFC0FF45FA81FE1CAA58" blockId="3.[151,1437,1338,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE07FFC0FF45FA81FE50AA76" bold="true" box="[151,399,1338,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE07FFC0FE45FA81FE05AA76" box="[407,474,1338,1364]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Chile</collectingCountry>
, 4. region: Punta de Choros, wreck Lynch,
<quantity id="4CE525A5CE07FFC0FC0EFA81FBCBAA76" box="[988,1044,1338,1364]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="20.0">20m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA3AE80CE07FFC0FBF2FA81FAD7AA76" box="[1056,1288,1338,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" value="2009-11-20">20 November 2009</date>
, one colony.
<typeStatus id="54A636E2CE07FFC0FF45FADBFEDBAA58" box="[151,260,1376,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0C1085CE07FFC0FED9FADBFEBCAA58" box="[267,355,1376,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">KBPIG</collectionCode>
1397/1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE07FFC7FF14FA3EFA4BAE95" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE07FFC0FF14FA3EFD2AA8ED" blockId="3.[151,1437,1338,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE07FFC0FF14FA3EFE80AABD" bold="true" box="[198,351,1413,1439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
Preserved material is represented by several fragments, largest of which is
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wide and about
<quantity id="4CE525A5CE07FFC0FF0DFA11FEF1AAE6" box="[223,302,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="61" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
high, separated from a larger colony. Colony consists of numerous small crowded heads attached to a common base by short stalks rapidly narrowing basally. In the preserved specimen heads are almost flat topped; on underwater photograph of the living specimen they are more inflated and hemispherical (
<figureCitation id="132694C5CE07FFC0FA9EFA4EFF61A916" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A, B" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1734,1758]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,197,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,197,1709]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, B, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp. C, D, E, Eudistoma clivosum n. sp. F, G, H, Distaplia arnbackae n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196673/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="61">Figure 6B</figureCitation>
). Each head has one or a few circular systems, each with one large central cloacal opening on a short siphon visible clearly only in live. Sparse sand grains are attached to surface of the test but completely absent inside, otherwise the test is clear and transparent, especially in the upper expanded part of heads. Living specimen appears to be colourless, formalin preserved material is dull gray-brownish due to colour of zooids. Zooids are up to
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long with wide thorax and narrower abdomen together about
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. They are almost parallel to each other and open on the top of the head. Almost sessile branchial aperture has usual six small pointed lobes. The atrial aperture sometimes drawn into a wide short siphon with the upper border extending into a wide, rather short, simple atrial lip. Fine muscles encircle both apertures to form weak sphincters, and about 6 thin longitudinal muscles run from the branchial aperture to the bottom of the thorax where they bunch together into a weak band continuing to the end of abdomen. In general, thoracic muscles appear to be rather weak and in many zooids (preserved without anesthesia) thoraces are not contracted. The branchial sac has usually 10, rarely 11, rows of 11 to 13 stigmata.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF17FF23FAE9AE00" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
The abdomen is two or three times shorter than the thorax. The gut loop is not twisted, but smooth walled asymmetrical stomach obliquely oriented and a short oesophagus curves at a right angle to enter to it (
<figureCitation id="132694C5CE00FFC7FA9CFF06FF77AFDE" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1732,1756]" captionTargetBox="[363,1209,520,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[348,1239,510,1739]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, Aplidium falklandicum, larva. B, C, Aplidiopsis chilensis n. sp., zooids." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/196671/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Figure 2</figureCitation>
B). Post pyloric part of the gut loop is short and the intestine has no clear division into regions. The rectum opens with a slit-like anus on the level of the middle of the thorax. No gastric reservoir was detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF17FE96FA4BAE95" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">The postabdomen is not particularly long, being only slightly longer than the thorax and abdomen together, attached by a narrow stalk to the left side of the abdomen. Typically it is spindle-shaped, being wider in its middle part, and in most zooids is filled by parenchymatous tissue. Male follicles are in the middle of postabdomen, arranged in more than two rows. No ovary seen and no larva present in the examined material.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307DBCBCE00FFC7FF14FE79FC58AB2E" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF14FE79FB62ACBE" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FF14FE79FEE0AEFE" bold="true" box="[198,319,450,476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FE15FE79FD94AEF9" box="[455,587,450,475]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FE15FE79FD94AEF9" box="[455,587,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Aplidiopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently comprises 17 species no one of which has been recorded from the Pacific coasts of South
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE00FFC7FE35FE53FD8BAD20" box="[487,596,488,514]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">America</collectingCountry>
. The present species is characterized by a combination of characters including the shape of the colony, small number of rows of stigmata, position of the atrial languet on the upper rim of the atrial opening.
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FE17FD89FCBCAD6E" authority="Millar, 1960" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1960" box="[453,867,562,588]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discoveryi">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FE17FD89FD15AD69" box="[453,714,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Aplidiopsis discoveryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CF5B1CE00FFC7FD03FD89FCBCAD6E" author="Millar" box="[721,867,562,588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Report, 30, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE00FFC7FC7EFD89FB96AD6E" box="[940,1097,562,588]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
has 14 rows of stigmata and colony of irregular shape. Colony of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FD94FDE3FC55AD50" authority="Tokioka, 1967" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1967" box="[582,906,600,626]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoyense">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FD94FDE3FD06AD53" box="[582,729,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. amoyense</emphasis>
Tokioka, 1967
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE00FFC7FC02FDE3FBC9AD50" box="[976,1046,600,626]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">China</collectingCountry>
is composed of similar lobes and has small number of rows of stigmata (12), but the systems are stellate rather than circular, and unlike the present species, the atrial languet is inserted far anterior to atrial aperture.
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FBC6FD19FF0DADC0" authority="Tokioka, 1954" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1954" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tokaraensis">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FBC6FD19FAF4AD99" box="[1044,1323,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Aplidiopsis tokaraensis</emphasis>
Tokioka, 1954
</taxonomicName>
also has 12 rows of stigmata but the number of stigmata in each row is much larger, 1820. Other Pacific species also differ significantly from the present one: Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FC4CFD56FB09AC25" authority="Kott, 1992" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[926,1238,749,775]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mammillata">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FC4CFD56FB92AC24" box="[926,1101,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. mammillata</emphasis>
Kott, 1992
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FAC3FD56FEC7AC0E" authority="Kott, 1992" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabulosa">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FAC3FD56FA44AC24" box="[1297,1435,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. sabulosa</emphasis>
Kott, 1992
</taxonomicName>
have very long thoraxes (18 and 20 rows of stigmata) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FC33FCA9FB22AC0E" authority="Kott, 1992" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[993,1277,786,812]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="confluata">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FC33FCA9FBABAC09" box="[993,1140,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. confluata</emphasis>
Kott, 1992
</taxonomicName>
has different colony and zooids. Indonesian
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FDDAFC83FC06AC70" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 1996" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="1996" box="[520,985,824,850]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FDDAFC83FD4BAC73" box="[520,660,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
Monniot &amp; Monniot, 1996
</taxonomicName>
has 17 rows of stigmata and different colony. New Caledonian
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FE1BFCE6FD9CAC54" box="[457,579,861,886]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gelidus">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FE1BFCE6FD9CAC54" box="[457,579,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. gelidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 11 rows of stigmata but different shape of postabdomen and has a different colony. Common North Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FDAAFC39FCCFACB9" box="[632,784,898,923]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pannosum">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FDAAFC39FCCFACB9" box="[632,784,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">A. pannosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has very different massive colonies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA28840CE00FFC7FF17FC13FC58AB2E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DF3C3CE00FFC7FF17FC13FE67ACE3" box="[197,440,936,961]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FF17FC13FE67ACE3" box="[197,440,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Aplidiopsis chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9695452CE00FFC7FE12FC1CFDDCACE3" bold="true" box="[448,515,935,961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AE929CE00FFC7FE12FC1CFDDCACE3" box="[448,515,935,961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="62" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
so far is known from the single colony and most probably is a rare species in the studied region, we never saw similar colonies on hundreds of underwater photographs taken on diver accessible depths along the coasts of central and southern
<collectingCountry id="F30AC8D0CE00FFC7FC92FC49FC5CAB2E" box="[832,899,1010,1036]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="62">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>