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<document id="19CA589FDBBD29B2D8E507BA30D74913" ID-CLB-Dataset="295393" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11105986" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c7b4d3d-1fbe-4f48-8cb2-002e928eae42" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11105986" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1714051164034" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto, Calvo-Revuelta, Marta, Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago &amp; De, Ignacio" docDate="2020" docId="03B1733AFFD8A17BFFFBFA1AEDAAFCC1" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.66.8.137-230.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 66 (8)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.1:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Herpele squalostoma" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FF880B42FFFBA15FFF80FF85EE63FFB7" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Amphibians of Equatorial Guinea based upon the Authors Field Work and Spanish Natural History Collections" masterLastPageNumber="230" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="172" updateTime="1714671758489" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9F26736FE044C0917C41E6B005D118F6">Synopsis of the Amphibians of Equatorial Guinea based upon the Authors Field Work and Spanish Natural History Collections</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A7627203D65635C9FADDD90F16B8CB2">Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8273DEFB5FDE950002B75415C24BFCE">Calvo-Revuelta, Marta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AFD41E8086FA545AA72475254EA5C150">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C / José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid, Spain;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="36449FC40D03B60BB82C028E6576FB8C">Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3A831CDEB9CD4F5660D9FEAD6163EC22">Laboratorio de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Av / Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 40, sala 110, 90619 - 900, Porto Alegre, Brazil; * Corresponding author: IDlR (iriva @ mncn. csic. es)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="222D11C1576A0CCD48FE47DC90C1D035">De, Ignacio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AE02E0A2DA721B04E072100277812C34">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C / José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid, Spain;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="2A1CAD7639B0B4E0C17DD57697A22F80">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B1733AFFD8A17BFFFBFA1AEDAAFCC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11106266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11106266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1733AFFD8A17BFFFBFA1AEDAAFCC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B1733AFFD8A17BFFFBFA1AEDAAFCC1" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection id="C30291A7FFD8A17CFFFBFA1AEC5CFA0F" box="[123,575,1439,1464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA7C22CFFD8A17CFFFBFA1AEC5CFA0F" blockId="35.[123,1174,1401,1725]" box="[123,575,1439,1464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">
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<taxonomicName id="4C18B9AFFFD8A17CFFFBFA1AEC5CFA0F" ID-CoL="3L2VT" authority="(Stutchbury, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Stutchbury" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[123,575,1439,1464]" class="Amphibia" family="Herpelidae" genus="Herpele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="squalostoma">
<emphasis id="B96C1E3EFFD8A17CFFFBFA1AEC5CFA0F" bold="true" box="[123,575,1439,1464]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B96C1E3EFFD8A17CFFFBFA1AEF00FA00" bold="true" box="[123,355,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Herpele squalostoma</emphasis>
(Stutchbury, 1836)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BA7C22CFFD8A17CFF2BFA45EC56FA6F" blockId="35.[123,1174,1401,1725]" box="[171,565,1470,1497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">
<materialsCitation id="3B70C871FFD8A17CFF2BFA45EC4DFA6E" box="[171,558,1470,1497]" collectionCode="LOCALITY" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54A37C8EFFD8A17CFF2BFA45EE82FA6F" box="[171,225,1472,1496]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">TYPE</typeStatus>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4154F0FFD8A17CFF68FA46EF2AFA60" baselines="1490" box="[232,329,1475,1495]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">
<collectionCode id="ED095AE9FFD8A17CFF68FA46EF2AFA60" box="[232,329,1475,1495]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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.— “Gaboon, Africa”
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30291A7FFD8A17CFF2BFA65EFEFF9CC" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA7C22CFFD8A17CFF2BFA65EFEFF9CC" blockId="35.[123,1174,1401,1725]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4154F0FFD8A17CFF2BFA65EF5FFA4F" baselines="1522,1523" box="[171,316,1504,1528]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
.— This species is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFD8A17CFD39FA65ED6AFA4E" box="[697,777,1504,1529]" name="Nigeria" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
to eastern of
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFD8A17CFC1BFA5AEEF5F9AD" name="Central African Republic" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
and southwards to
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFD8A17CFEEAF984ECDFF9AD" box="[362,700,1535,1562]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFD8A17CFD69F985EDCEF9AD" box="[745,941,1536,1562]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded from Bioko (Martínez and Sáez 1886;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89BFDDFFD8A17CFD9AF9A7ECCEF98D" author="MERTENS, R." box="[538,685,1569,1594]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" pagination="275 - 281" refId="ref31870" refString="MERTENS, R. 1941. Zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna von Fernando Poo. Zoologischer Anzeiger 135: 275 - 281." type="journal article" year="1941">Mertens 1941</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF89BFDDFFD8A17CFD3CF9A4EC92F98D" author="MERTENS, R." box="[700,753,1569,1594]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" pagination="14 - 29" refId="ref31892" refString="MERTENS, R. 1965. Die Amphibien von Fernando Poo. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 16: 14 - 29." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFD8A17CFCB5F998EDFEF98D" box="[821,925,1565,1594]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Río Muni</collectingCountry>
(Nussbaum and Pfrender 1998;
<bibRefCitation id="EF89BFDDFFD8A17CFF69F9C7EFC2F9EC" author="LASSO, C. A. &amp; A. I. RIAL &amp; J. CASTROVIEJO &amp; I. DE LA RIVA" box="[233,417,1601,1627]" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" pagination="21 - 34" refId="ref31364" refString="LASSO, C. A., A. I. RIAL, J. CASTROVIEJO, AND I. DE LA RIVA. 2002. Herpetofauna del Parque Nacional de Monte Alen (Rio Muni, Guinea Ecuatorial). Graellsia 58: 21 - 34." type="journal article" year="2002">Lasso et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="1323DEA9FFD8A17CFE3BF9C7EC42F9ED" box="[443,545,1602,1627]" captionStart="MAPS" captionStartId="93.[155,174,1245,1265]" captionTargetBox="[151,1144,242,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-68@93.[120,1176,216,1236]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="MAPS 28AC. Distribution maps for Equatorial Guinean records of (A) Geotripetes seraphini; (B) Herpele squalostoma (the insular record of Elobey Island is not showed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11106130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11106130/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Map 28B</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, Taylor and
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFD8A17CFCC7F9C4EDC5F9EC" box="[839,934,1601,1627]" name="El Salvador" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Salvador</collectingCountry>
(1978) mentioned the species on Elobey Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30291A7FFD8A17BFF2BF906ED9AFEE4" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA7C22CFFD8A17BFF2BF906ED9AFEE4" blockId="35.[123,1174,1401,1725]" lastBlockId="36.[123,1174,216,438]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">
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.— In a similar way to the argument presented about the reliability of the
<taxonomicName id="4C18B9AFFFD8A17CFFFBF923EF0AF90A" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[123,361,1701,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Dermophiidae" genus="Geotrypetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seraphini">
<emphasis id="B96C1E3EFFD8A17CFFFBF923EF0AF90A" box="[123,361,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="172">Geotrypetes seraphini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
record from
<taxonomicName id="4C18B9AFFFD8A17CFE7CF926EDC2F90A" authority=", Nussbaum and Pfrender (1998)" authorityName=", Nussbaum and Pfrender" authorityYear="1998" box="[508,929,1699,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bioko">Bioko, Nussbaum and Pfrender (1998)</taxonomicName>
raised the question of whether the locality of the specimen MNCN 1232 (collected from Bioko by Amado Osorio in 1865; see Bueno and Blanco 2002) is reliable. Even if the locality of this specimen represents a cataloguing error, there is another record of this species from the island between Musola and San Carlos (
<bibRefCitation id="EF89BFDDFFDFA17BFF2AFEBEEF5DFEE3" author="MERTENS, R." box="[170,318,315,340]" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" pagination="275 - 281" refId="ref31870" refString="MERTENS, R. 1941. Zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna von Fernando Poo. Zoologischer Anzeiger 135: 275 - 281." type="journal article" year="1941">Mertens 1941</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF89BFDDFFDFA17BFECCFEBEEFE2FEE3" author="MERTENS, R." box="[332,385,315,340]" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" pagination="14 - 29" refId="ref31892" refString="MERTENS, R. 1965. Die Amphibien von Fernando Poo. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 16: 14 - 29." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF89BFDDFFDFA17BFE18FEBFECF3FEE3" author="WILKINSON, M. &amp; H. MULLER &amp; D. J. GOWER" box="[408,656,314,340]" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" pagination="119 - 122" refId="ref33473" refString="WILKINSON, M., H. MULLER, AND D. J. GOWER. 2003. On Herpele multiplicata (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae). African Journal of Herpetology 52: 119 - 122." type="journal article" year="2003">Wilkinson et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
provided a revision of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30291A7FFDFA17BFF2BFEDEEDAAFCC1" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA7C22CFFDFA17BFF2BFEDEEEA3FE02" blockId="36.[123,1174,216,438]" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">
<materialsCitation id="3B70C871FFDFA17BFF2BFEDEEF7AFE22" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" specimenCode="MNCN 1232" specimenCount="3">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4154F0FFDFA17BFEA3FEE5EFEDFEC3" baselines="367" box="[291,398,352,372]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
.—
<specimenCount id="9D1E09A5FFDFA17BFE36FEDEEC0AFEC3" box="[438,617,347,373]" count="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFDFA17BFDF7FEDEED5AFEC3" box="[631,825,347,373]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Fernando Poo (
<taxonomicName id="4C18B9AFFFDFA17BFC6BFED9EA58FEC2" authorityName=", Nussbaum and Pfrender" authorityYear="1998" box="[1003,1083,347,373]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bioko">=Bioko</taxonomicName>
), &lt;1885 (
<specimenCode id="DBBE6A57FFDFA17BFF04FEF9EF6CFE22" box="[132,271,380,405]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" type="Museum">MNCN 1232</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B70C871FFDFA17BFEA7FEFEED2CFE22" box="[295,847,376,405]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" specimenCode="MNCN 1238" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFDFA17BFEA7FEFEEF89FE22" box="[295,490,379,405]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Río Muni &lt;1885 (
<specimenCode id="DBBE6A57FFDFA17BFD39FEF9ED26FE22" box="[697,837,380,405]" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" type="Museum">MNCN 1238</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B70C871FFDFA17BFCDDFEF9EEDAFE01" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Bata" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" specimenCode="MNCN 1741" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Litoral">
<location id="8EC794F7FFDFA17BFCDDFEF9EDEDFE23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B1733AFFD8A17BFFFBFA1AEDAAFCC1:8EC794F7FFDFA17BFCDDFEF9EDEDFE23" box="[861,910,380,404]" country="Equatorial Guinea" name="Bata" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" stateProvince="Litoral">Bata</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DC0CCEFFDFA17BFC1BFEFEED87FE22" box="[923,996,379,405]" country="Equatorial Guinea" name="Litoral" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">Litoral</collectingRegion>
, &lt;1885 (
<specimenCode id="DBBE6A57FFDFA17BFBC5FEF9EED3FE02" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" type="Museum">MNCN 1741</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7C22CFFDFA17BFD86FE4BED69FE5E" blockId="36.[123,1174,462,887]" box="[518,778,462,491]" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA7C22CFFDFA17BFF2BFE7CEDAAFCC1" blockId="36.[123,1174,462,887]" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">
We are indebted to Victoria González Cascón, of Laboratorio de Biogeografía Informática of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, who made the species distribution maps. We give thanks to María Tirante, who kindly made available the vertebrate collection facilities of Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla. We are also grateful to Ignacio Martín and Twan Leenders, for kindly providing some pictures of amphibians from
<collectingCountry id="F30F82BCFFDFA17BFD38FDFCEDE7FD24" box="[696,900,633,659]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="36" pageNumber="173">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
. Mary Gonder, Patrick McLaughlin, and Jessica Weinberg, from the
<taxonomicName id="4C18B9AFFFDFA17BFDE3FD1FEA6BFD03" authority="Biodiversity Protection Program" authorityName="Biodiversity Protection Program" box="[611,1032,666,692]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bioko">Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program</taxonomicName>
; Rayna Bell, from the California Academy of Sciences; and Bryan Stuart, from the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, helped us with information on new records and photographs. This paper was partially funded by projects CGL2014-56160-P and PGC2018-097421-B-100 of the Spanish Government (PI: I. De la Riva). The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. Aaron Bauer, who reviewed the paper and offered many suggestions and grammatical edits for its improvement, as did Dr. Rayna Bell, and to Dr. Alan Leviton for his invaluable editorial advice.
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