treatments-xml/data/03/A3/38/03A33822FFA2371FC6CDF99EFB74ACC4.xml

<document id="A948EE3E52A1BCFC863F903655150EAC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4044.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b977bc08-5d26-4b34-a5bb-8fa62efecb13" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240200" ID-ZooBank="592629B0-8C14-44CC-B243-AC2AC56EA86F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461338987659" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sousa, Francisco Diogo R., Elmoor-Loureiro, Lourdes M. A., Debastiani-Júnior, José Roberto, Mugnai, Riccardo &amp; Senna, André" docDate="2015" docId="03A33822FFA2371FC6CDF99EFB74ACC4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04044p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4044 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anthalona neotropica Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro, Debastiani-Júnior, Mugnai &amp; Senna, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="237" masterDocId="FF9A405AFFA43711C65AFFAAFF83AE34" masterDocTitle="New records of Anthalona acuta Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont 2011 and Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev &amp; Hollwedel, 2002) in Brazil, with description of a new species of the simplex - branch (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="224" pageNumber="230" updateTime="1698619809595" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="40446A43BF58065E8E540B33CF8426CD">New records of Anthalona acuta Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont 2011 and Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev &amp; Hollwedel, 2002) in Brazil, with description of a new species of the simplex - branch (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A049910847D43480447FC9CD00506F89">Sousa, Francisco Diogo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="675CE9891BD85859484777D7A2FE8BF3">Debastiani-Júnior, José Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77756E27FEA8B89174E723B7733EE571">Mugnai, Riccardo</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA23717C6CDF99EFBC0A87B" blockId="6.[151,1091,1588,1648]" box="[151,1091,1588,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<heading id="D0FD3E58FFA23717C6CDF99EFBC0A87B" bold="true" box="[151,1091,1588,1615]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C6CDF99EFBC0A87B" bold="true" box="[151,1091,1588,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA23717C6CDF99EFE23A87A" box="[151,416,1588,1614]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C6CDF99EFE23A87A" bold="true" box="[151,416,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA23717C7FDF99FFD87A87B" box="[423,516,1589,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro &amp; Debastiani-Júnior
</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA23717C6C5F9FDFE87A844" box="[159,260,1623,1648]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox-0="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetBox-1="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetBox-2="[200,1383,198,1874]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[193,1389,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, lateral view. B, carapace—ornamentation. C, head—rostrum. D, head pores. E, labral keel. F, antenna. G, postabdomen—terminal claw. H, postabdomen—postanal margin. I, postabdomen—anal margin. Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B – I = 10 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/240204/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA23717C755F9FDFE9EA844" box="[271,285,1623,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,199,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[152,1435,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution of four species of Anthalona in the Neotropics. A, Anthalona acuta Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011. B, Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev &amp; Hollwedel, 2002). C, Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa (Sars, 1901). D, Anthalona neotropica sp. nov. Black circles are previous records in Van Damme et al. (2011) and Sinev &amp; Hollwedel (2002). White circles are records observed in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240205/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">6</figureCitation>
C)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310DABFFFA23717C6CDF90AFD02A8E0" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA23717C6CDF90AFD02A8E0" blockId="6.[151,908,1695,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA23717C6CDF90AFEEFA881" box="[151,364,1696,1717]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C6CDF90AFEEFA881" box="[151,364,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Anthalona verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(partim) in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFA23717C7BFF935FCB8A881" author="Sousa" box="[485,827,1695,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" refString="Sousa, F. D. R. &amp; Elmoor-Loureiro, L. M. A. (2012) How many species of cladocerans (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) are found in Brazilian Federal District? Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 24, 351 - 362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 2179 - 975 X 2013005000008" type="journal article" year="2012">Sousa &amp; Elmoor-Loureiro (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, p. 356. 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C6CDF914FE82A8E7" box="[151,257,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Anthalona</emphasis>
sp. in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFA23717C71EF914FDFEA8E0" box="[324,637,1726,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" refString="Debastiani-Junior, J. R., Elmoor-Loureiro, L. M. A. &amp; Nogueira, M. (2015) High taxonomic resolution as a determinant on finding new species and new records in the Rio de La Plata basin: a case on Chydoridae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera). Nauplius, 23 (1), 21 - 30. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0104 - 64972015002301" type="journal article">
Debastiani-Júnior 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C7A4F915FDB2A8E7" box="[510,561,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310DABFFFA23717C6CDF8ABFB07A909" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C6CDF8ABFE9DA92E" bold="true" box="[151,286,1793,1818]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name derives from the zoogeographical region where the species is found. 
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<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C37DF8ABFE8CA909" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C74CF88EFEF3A909" bold="true" box="[278,368,1828,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA23717C74CF88EFEF3A909" box="[278,368,1828,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is the first species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA23717C4D7F88FFD61A909" box="[653,738,1829,1853]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C4D7F88FFD61A909" box="[653,738,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">simplex</emphasis>
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-branch described for the Neotropics.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA23717C69DF8E3FB0DA956" blockId="6.[151,1436,1793,2034]" box="[199,1166,1865,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C69DF8E3FEE6A956" bold="true" box="[199,357,1865,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<typeStatus id="54B13796FFA23717C69DF8E3FE81A956" box="[199,258,1865,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Sobradinho Stream (
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA23717C4BAF8E3FCF3A956" box="[736,880,1865,1890]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" precision="15" value="-47.77778">47°46'40”W</geoCoordinate>
), Distrito Federal, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA23717C21BF8E3FB0AA956" box="[1089,1161,1865,1890]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA23717C69DF8C7FE44A9C6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1793,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C69DF8C7FE70A9B2" bold="true" box="[199,499,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">
<typeStatus id="54B13796FFA23717C69DF8C7FE81A9B2" box="[199,258,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Type</typeStatus>
material. 
<typeStatus id="54B13796FFA23717C7DCF8C7FE70A9B2" box="[390,499,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: undissected adult parthenogenetic female in a tube, preserved in 92% ethanol solution, deposited at the Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo under the accession number 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA23717C6CDF81FFF74A9FA" box="[151,247,1973,1998]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">MZUSP</collectionCode>
33195. The label of the 
<typeStatus id="54B13796FFA23717C7A7F81FFDDCA9FA" box="[509,607,1973,1998]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is: “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA23717C4C8F81FFC06A9F9" box="[658,901,1973,1997]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA23717C4C8F81FFC06A9F9" box="[658,901,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1 parth. ♀ from to Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA23717C6A3F873FEC2A9C6" box="[249,321,2009,2034]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="230">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<typeStatus id="54B13796FFA23717C711F873FE3AA9C6" box="[331,441,2009,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFF3DFDAAAF55" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFF3DFEBCAE84" bold="true" box="[199,319,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<typeStatus id="54B13796FFA33716C69DFF3DFEBCAE84" box="[199,319,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C70CFF32FD9EAE84" box="[342,541,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Distrito Federal.</emphasis>
Two parthenogenetic females from São Bartolomeu River (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C35BFF3DFA14AE84" box="[1281,1431,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-15.792973">15°47'34.7''S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C6CDFF16FEBBAEE0" box="[151,312,188,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-47.691166">47°41'28.2''W</geoCoordinate>
), Planaltina, Distrito Federal, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C4EDFF11FD7DAEE0" box="[695,766,187,212]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C5E6FF16FB84AEE0" box="[956,1031,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">GEEA</collectionCode>
on 
<date id="FFB4AFF4FFA33716C212FF11FB4AAEE0" box="[1096,1225,187,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" value="2006-08-26">26.08.2006</date>
, (
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C2B2FF11FAB5AEE0" box="[1256,1334,187,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">CLLA</collectionCode>
194–195; 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C6CDFF75FF63AEC3" box="[151,224,223,247]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">FDRS</collectionCode>
0370). Three adult parthenogenetic females from Sobradinho Stream (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C25DFF74FB11AEC3" box="[1031,1170,222,247]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="15" value="-15.640833">15° 38'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
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), Distrito Federal, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C6A7FEA8FEC7AF2F" box="[253,324,258,283]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C7B3FEA9FDB7AF2F" box="[489,564,259,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">GEEA</collectionCode>
on 5.09.2008 and 0 6.03.2009 (
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C5FEFEA8FC71AF2F" box="[932,1010,258,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">CLLA</collectionCode>
177–186, 192; 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C2C4FEA9FB6BAF2F" box="[1182,1256,259,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">FDRS</collectionCode>
0371). An adult parthenogenetic female from Pipiripau Stream (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C4F0FE8FFCC6AF0A" box="[682,837,293,318]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-15.562639">15°33'45,5'' S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C50BFE8CFC70AF0A" box="[849,1011,294,318]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-47.51103">47°30'39,7''W</geoCoordinate>
), Distrito Federal, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C299FE8FFA89AF0A" box="[1219,1290,293,318]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C6CDFEE3FF61AF55" box="[151,226,329,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">GEEA</collectionCode>
on 
<date id="FFB4AFF4FFA33716C756FEE3FE0AAF55" box="[268,393,329,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" value="2009-03-17">17.03.2009</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C7C2FEE3FE62AF55" box="[408,481,329,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">FDRS</collectionCode>
0372).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFEC7FC71AF9C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFEC7FE92AFB0" box="[199,273,365,388]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Goiás.</emphasis>
A juvenile parthenogenetic female from Cachoeira do Palmito (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C216FEC6FB56AFB1" box="[1100,1237,364,389]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-15.852362">15°51'8.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C2B7FEC6FA0CAFB1" box="[1261,1423,364,389]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-48.96614">48°57'58.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), Pirenópolis, Goiás, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C72EFE3AFE38AF9D" box="[372,443,400,425]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C40FFE3BFD36AF9D" box="[597,693,401,425]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">LMAEL</collectionCode>
on 0 
<date id="FFB4AFF4FFA33716C4B4FE3AFCDEAF9C" box="[750,861,400,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" value="2000-01-10">1.10.2000</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C537FE3AFC3EAF9C" box="[877,957,400,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">CLLA</collectionCode>
193).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFE1EFD28AC6E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFE1EFE05AFFF" box="[199,390,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Rio de Janeiro.</emphasis>
Six parthenogenetic females from hyporheic zone in Solidão River (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C2B5FE19FA14AFF8" box="[1263,1431,435,460]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-22.960247">22º57’36.89”S</geoCoordinate>
, 43º17’1870”W), Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C54BFE7DFCDBAFC4" box="[785,856,471,496]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected on March/2012, leg. Ricchardo Mugnai and André Senna (
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C727FE50FE44AC27" box="[381,455,506,531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">FDRS</collectionCode>
0363). Ten parthenogenetic females from the hyporheic zone of the Tijuca River (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C6C5FDB7FEC6AC02" box="[159,325,541,566]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-22.953634">22°57'13.08&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C708FDB7FD80AC02" box="[338,515,541,566]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-43.28207">43°16'55.45&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C590FDB7FB92AC02" box="[970,1041,541,566]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected on June and November/ 2012 (
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C684FDE8FEADAC6E" box="[222,302,578,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">CLLA</collectionCode>
187-189; 
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C7CEFDEBFE5FAC6E" box="[404,476,577,602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">FDRS</collectionCode>
0365; 0367-0369).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFDCCFEDBACF0" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFDCCFE24AC49" box="[199,423,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Rio Grande do Sul.</emphasis>
A parthenogenetic female from Machadinho reservoir (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C271FDCFFB53AC4A" box="[1067,1232,613,638]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-27.540752">27°32'26.71&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EEFF3FFA33716C284FDCFFA0CAC4A" box="[1246,1423,613,638]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" precision="1" value="-51.631195">51°37'52.31&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), Upper 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C6BEFD22FEC3AC95" box="[228,320,648,673]" name="Uruguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Uruguai</collectingCountry>
River, Machadinho, Rio Grande do Sul, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C553FD22FCD3AC95" box="[777,848,648,673]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collected by Danilo Augusto Naliato on 0 1.06.2010 (
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C6C5FD06FF73ACF0" box="[159,240,684,708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">CLLA</collectionCode>
190-191).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFD7AFB49AD38" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFD7AFEBEACD3" box="[199,317,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C69DFD7AFEB9ACD3" box="[199,314,720,743]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Two juvenile females from a lateral lake of Lower Paraná River (33°40′49.00ʺS, 59°38′48.80ʺW), 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C6CDFD59FE8FAD38" box="[151,268,755,780]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA33716C74DFD59FE0AAD38" box="[279,393,755,780]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, collected by José Roberto Debastiani-Júnior on 
<date id="FFB4AFF4FFA33716C5F7FD59FBA8AD3F" box="[941,1067,755,779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" value="2010-04-14">14.04.2010</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1B11F1FFA33716C260FD59FB00AD38" box="[1082,1155,755,780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">FDRS</collectionCode>
0366).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310DABFFFA33716C69DFCBCFF7BAB77" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFCBCFF7BAB77" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFCBCFEC1AD1B" bold="true" box="[199,322,790,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C712FCBCFE1FAD1A" box="[328,412,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Female</emphasis>
. Of medium size for the genus, length 
<quantity id="4CF224D1FFA33716C50AFCBDFC75AD1A" box="[848,1014,791,815]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="0.33499999999999996" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.37 mm</quantity>
, elongated, about 1.6 times as long as high. Head presenting ocellus and eye of similar size; two connected main pores of similar size, underneath sack of lateral head pores lobed (cosmaria). Labral keel without setulae, notches or denticles. Carapace covered by longitudinal lines at posterior region; 31–37 naked setae on ventral valve margin. Antennule 2.5 times longer than wide; aesthetascs exceeding the length of the antennule. Antenna II with antennal formula: spines 001/101; setae 113/003; first segment of the exopod with one cluster of long setulae; a spine on first segment of endopod exceeding the middle-length of the second segment; apical spines of similar length. Postabdomen relatively short, postanal margin rounded with 5–6 denticles; 5–6 lateral fascicles present; first spinule of each fascicle longer and thicker than the others; all fascicles exceeding the postanal margin. Postabdominal claw longer than the anal margin, with a group of at least three long spinules at the base; claw pecten divided in two groups; basal spine armed with spinules along its dorsal margin. Limb I: ODL with a thin seta; IDL (en4) with setae 2–3 of similar length, bisegmented and armed with thin setulae. Limb II: exopodite without seta, scrapers 7–8 with bent apexes. Limb III: exopodite with six setae, setae 1–2 of different length; basal endite armed with a sensillum near the first soft seta. Limb IV: exopodite with six setae, sixth seta markedly shorter than fifth seta, first flaming-torch seta robust. Limb V: exopodite with setae 1–3 long and plumose, seta 4 short, gnathobase armed with a curved element.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310DABFFFA3371CC69DFAE7FB21ACF8" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFAE7FCEEAB99" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFAE7FDFDAB52" bold="true" box="[199,638,1357,1382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Description. Parthenogenetic female.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C4DEFAE4FD5EAB52" box="[644,733,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Habitus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA33716C4B1FAE7FCACAB52" box="[747,815,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A–B, 5A). Animal of medium size for the genus, length 
<quantity id="4CF224D1FFA33716C6CDFAD8FEBEABBD" box="[151,317,1394,1418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="0.33499999999999996" valueMax="0.37" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.37 mm</quantity>
; elongated, the carapace is oval in lateral view, maximum height near to anterior portion, about 1.6 times as long as high. Dorsal margin convex. Dorsal keel absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DFA12FB3FA82C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DFA12FE87ABE4" box="[199,260,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA33716C74EFA12FED8ABE4" box="[276,347,1464,1489]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A–C, 5C–D). Ocellus and eye of similar size. Headshield not studied. Rostrum short, rounded, projected towards ventral margin of carapace. Head pores as figured (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA33716C5E9FA71FC7AABC0" box="[947,1017,1499,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Figs 3</figureCitation>
E–I, 5D). Two main pores of similar size connected; PP about 0.35–0.5 IP; underneath sacks of lateral head pores lobed (cosmaria).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DF989FEC6A86A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DF989FEA3A80F" box="[199,288,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Labrum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA33716C76AF988FEF9A80F" box="[304,378,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Figs 3</figureCitation>
J, 5E). Morphology as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA33716C4F8F989FD74A80F" box="[674,759,1571,1595]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="7" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C4F8F989FD74A80F" box="[674,759,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch, keel without setules, notches or denticles; anterior margin convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DF9C3FCF6A8B5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,885,1641,1666]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DF9C3FEADA8B5" box="[199,302,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Maxilla I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA33716C767F9C3FEF9A8B6" box="[317,378,1641,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Fig 4</figureCitation>
A). Well developed, with two setulated setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33716C69DF927FD83A924" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DF927FEBAA891" box="[199,313,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Antennule</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA33716C71DF927FE00A891" box="[327,387,1677,1702]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Fig 3</figureCitation>
N). Antennular body elongated, about 2.5 times longer than wide, three rows of short setules. Antennular sensory seta slender and short, about 0.4 times smaller than antennular body, inserted at 2/3 length from the base of antennule. Nine aesthetascs of different length; longer aesthetascs projecting beyond the tip of rostrum, none exceeds antennules length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA33719C69DF8B1FE9CAEE0" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA33716C69DF8B1FEC1A907" box="[199,322,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Antenna II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA33716C70EF8B1FE1FA907" box="[340,412,1819,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="231">Figs 3</figureCitation>
O–P, 5F). Coxal setae of equal length. Basipod thick, armed with one short spine. First segment of exopod with a cluster of long setulae exceeding the length of segment; second and third segments armed with relatively short and slender setulae in their terminal portion. First segment of endopod naked; second and third segments with short spinulae at the terminal portion; spine on first segment of endopod exceeding the middle-length of the second segment. Antennal formula: spines 001/101, setae 113/003. Setae on first segment of exopod not studied; seta on second segment of exopod bisegmented, long. Apical spines of endopod and exopod long, of similar size and longer than apical segments. Apical setae of exopod and endopod bisegmented and of similar size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DFF75FBCBAF56" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DFF75FEB6AEC2" box="[199,309,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Carapace</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C71FFF74FE0FAEC3" box="[325,396,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Figs 3</figureCitation>
D, 5B) covered by longitudinal lines at posterior region; ventral margin with a concavity in the middle; 31–37 not plumose setae per valve; short spines between marginal setae present; long setae in anterior group; long intermediate group contains relatively short setae; posterior group contains long setae. Posteroventral corner armed with spinulae not arranged in groups nor projected beyond the margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DFEC7FAE6AFB1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,1381,364,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DFEC7FEB2AFB1" box="[199,305,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Abdomen</emphasis>
about 2.5 times shorter than thorax with at least two rows of abdominal setulae (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C2E0FEC6FB7DAFB1" box="[1210,1278,364,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A–C; L).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DFE3AFDBEACF1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DFE3AFEE3AF9C" box="[199,352,400,424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Postabdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C72BFE3AFE3BAF9C" box="[369,440,400,425]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Figs 3</figureCitation>
K–L, 5H–I). Relatively short, about 2.5 times as long as wide; ventral margin slightly rounded, with two rows of spinulae. Pre-anal margin longer than anal and postanal margin. Anal margin concave, with evident angles, supplied with 3–4 groups of robust setulae. Postanal margin convex, armed with 5–6 lateral fascicles; first setule of each fascicle longer and thicker than the others; all fascicles exceeding postanal margin; also the margin bears 5–6 short marginal denticles. Postabdominal seta not studied. Postabdominal claw (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C369FDB7FAFBAC02" box="[1331,1400,541,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Figs 3</figureCitation>
K– M, 5G). Implanted at the short projection from the postabdomen. Claw longer than anal margin of postabdomen, uniformly curved, with a group of at least two long spinules on the base; pecten divided in two groups; proximal group armed with longer spines compared to distal group. Basal spine length more than width of claw. Spine armed with spinulae along its dorsal margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DFD65FF6FAA7F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DFD65FE93ACD3" box="[199,272,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Limb I</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C744FD65FEE7ACDC" box="[286,356,719,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Figs 4</figureCitation>
B –D). Epipodite thin, oval, with a relatively long projection. ODL with a thin, distally serrulated seta, about the same length as IDL setae; accessory seta not studied. IDL (en4) with a group of long spinulae on its face, two setae of similar length, bisegmented and armed with thin setulae. Third endite armed with short spinulae and four setae; two posterior setae densely setulated (a–b), the third posterior seta (c) and anterior seta 1 shorter. Second endite with three posterior setae (d–f), setae (f) and (e) armed with thick spinules on the lateral face; seta (d) armed with short setulae; seta (e) about 1.5 times longer than seta (f); seta (d) about 2.8 times shorter than seta (e). First endite with three marginal posterior setae (g–i), two bisegmented and setulated in distal part (g–h) and the third seta relatively shorter (i). No sensillae were found on the endites. Ejector hooks of different length armed with short denticles. Ventral face of limb armed with seven groups of setulae organized in clusters, decreasing towards the distal portion; distal clusters of short and strong setulae. Gnathobase elongated, apex as a projection with short setulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DFBFFFC36AACF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DFBFFFE9EAA59" box="[199,285,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Limb II</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C775FBFFFEFBAA5A" box="[303,376,1109,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Figs 4</figureCitation>
E–H). Exopodite elongated, with two rows of setulae; without seta. Inner limb portion with eight scrapers; scraper 6–8 markedly shorter than others and with bent apex; scraper 7 longer than 6 and 8; scrapers 1–4 armed with fine setulae; scrapers 5–8 armed with thin denticles. Proximal portion of the gnathobase short, wide and densely setulated; distal portion armed with four elements, first element as a small sensillum. Filter comb with seven setae; two posterior setae markedly shorter than other setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DFAADFB3EA80F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DFAADFEA0AB2B" box="[199,291,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Limb III</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C76BFAACFEFAAB2B" box="[305,377,1286,1311]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
Figs 
<date id="FFB4AFF4FFAC3719C730FAADFEFAAB2B" box="[362,377,1287,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">4</date>
</figureCitation>
I–K). Epipodite oval, with a short projection. Exopodite relatively large, subquadrangular, with six marginal setae, subdivided into two groups: 2 lateral setae and 4 distal setae. Setae 1–2 of different length, both setulated. Third seta long, setulated, about 5.7 times longer than the sixth seta and 2.3 longer than fourth and fifth setae. Fourth and fifth setae of similar length, relatively long, setulated. Sixth seta short, about 2.4 times shorter than the fifth setae, naked. Distal endite (as initially proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAC3719C522FA3FFC7CAB99" author="Kotov" box="[888,1023,1429,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232" refString="Kotov, A. A. (1999) Redescription of Macrothrix tripectinata Weisig, 1934 (Anomopoda, Branchiopoda), with a discussion of some features rarely used in the systematics of the genus. Hydrobiologia, 403, 63 - 80. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003714909471" type="journal article" year="1999">Kotov 1999</bibRefCitation>
) with three anterior setae (1–3), two scraper-like similar in length (1–2); third seta slightly curved and armed with setulae bilaterally implanted (3); four plumose posterior setae increasing in length towards distal gnathobase (a–d). Basal endite with a sensillum and four soft setae (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C71EFA55FE04A82C" box="[324,391,1535,1560]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
J). Gnathobase armed with three elements, the first being a cylindrical sensillum, the second a geniculate seta, third element naked and with acute tip. Filter comb with seven setae (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C20CF988FB1AA80F" box="[1110,1177,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DF9ECFC04A907" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DF9ECFEA1A86A" box="[199,290,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Limb IV</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C76BF9ECFEFAA86B" box="[305,377,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Figs 4</figureCitation>
L–N). Pre-epipodite round, densely setulated. Epipodite oval, with long projection. Exopodite round, with six marginal setae; lateral setae 1–4 plumose; seta 1 slightly longer than seta 2; third seta about same length of the first seta; fourth seta about 1.6 times longer than fifth seta; two distal setae (5–6) short, fifth seta naked, markedly longer than sixth seta; sixth seta naked. Distal endite with four anterior setae (1–4), one scraperlike (1) and three flaming-torch-like (2–4); first flaming-torch seta (2) robust, with long setulae. Basal endite with three posterior soft setae increasing in size towards the base. Gnathobase armed with a sensillum and a setulated seta implanted on a robust base. Filter plate with five slender setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAC3719C69DF894FDB4A9D1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAC3719C69DF894FE99A962" box="[199,282,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Limb V</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFAC3719C770F894FEE9A963" box="[298,362,1854,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="232">Fig 4</figureCitation>
O). Pre-epipodite subrectangular and densely setulated. Epipodite oval, with a long projection. Exopodite moderately wide, not divided into lobes and armed with four plumose setae; setae 1–3 similar in length; fourth seta about 3.4 times shorter than third seta. Internal lobe very wide, oval, bearing long setulae; two setulated setae on inner face of this lobe, one about two times longer than the other. Gnathobase setulated, armed with a curved element; a filter comb absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF75D9BCFFAD3718C6CDF891FD6CA9DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="233" targetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAD3718C6CDF891FD6CA9DF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1851,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAD3718C6CDF891FE95A964" bold="true" box="[151,278,1851,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="233">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAD3718C77AF891FD82A965" box="[288,513,1851,1873]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAD3718C77AF891FD82A965" box="[288,513,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="233">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAD3718C450F896FDE6A965" bold="true" box="[522,613,1852,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFAD3718C450F896FDE3A965" box="[522,608,1852,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="233" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E–I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF75D9BCFFAE371BC6CDF8E7FEE1A9EA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="234" targetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAE371BC6CDF8E7FEE1A9EA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1869,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAE371BC6CDF8E7FE94A957" bold="true" box="[151,279,1869,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="234">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAE371BC778F8E4FD80A957" box="[290,515,1870,1891]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="10" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAE371BC778F8E4FD80A957" box="[290,515,1870,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="234">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAE371BC457F8E4FDE1A957" bold="true" box="[525,610,1870,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFAE371BC457F8E4FDE1A957" box="[525,610,1870,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F–H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF75D9BCFFAF371AC6CDF82EFB19A9E3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240204/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="235" targetBox="[200,1383,198,1874]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFAF371AC6CDF82EFB19A9E3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1924,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAF371AC6CDF82EFE90A9AD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1924,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAF371AC740F82EFE7BA9AE" box="[282,504,1924,1946]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="11" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAF371AC740F82EFE7BA9AE" box="[282,504,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="235">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAF371AC7A4F82EFDD5A9AD" bold="true" box="[510,598,1924,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFAF371AC7A4F82EFDD2A9AD" box="[510,593,1924,1945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="235" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
parthenogenetic female from Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, lateral view. B, carapace—ornamentation. C, head—rostrum. D, head pores. E, labral keel. F, antenna. G, postabdomen—terminal claw. H, postabdomen—postanal margin. I, postabdomen—anal margin. Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B–I = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF75D9BCFFA8371DC6CDF8FBFDFFA9F7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240205/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="236" targetBox="[164,1423,199,1838]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA8371DC6CDF8FBFDFFA9F7" blockId="12.[151,1437,1873,1987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC6CDF8FBFE90A952" bold="true" box="[151,275,1873,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Geographical distribution of four species of 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC486F8F8FCC5A953" box="[732,838,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">Anthalona</emphasis>
in the Neotropics. A, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA8371DC272F8F8FEC8A9B2" authority="Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011" authorityName="Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont" authorityYear="2011" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="12" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC272F8F8FB53A953" box="[1064,1232,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">Anthalona acuta</emphasis>
Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011
</taxonomicName>
. B, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA8371DC72DF8DAFCF9A9B2" authority="Sinev &amp; Hollwedel, 2002" authorityName="Sinev &amp; Hollwedel" authorityYear="2002" box="[375,890,1904,1926]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="12" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brandorffi">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC72DF8DAFDD1A9B1" box="[375,594,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">Anthalona brandorffi</emphasis>
(Sinev &amp; Hollwedel, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
. C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA8371DC5FCF8DAFAF4A9B2" authority="Sars, 1901" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1901" box="[934,1399,1904,1926]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="12" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="verrucosa" subSpecies="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC5FCF8DAFB6FA9B2" box="[934,1260,1904,1926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa</emphasis>
(Sars, 1901)
</taxonomicName>
. D, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA8371DC6CDF825FEF7A990" box="[151,372,1935,1956]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="12" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC6CDF825FEF7A990" box="[151,372,1935,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA8371DC721F825FE4FA990" box="[379,460,1935,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="236" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC721F825FE44A990" bold="true" box="[379,455,1935,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Black circles are previous records in Van Damme 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA8371DC58CF825FB89A990" box="[982,1034,1935,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
(2011) and Sinev &amp; Hollwedel (2002). White circles are records observed in this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA9371CC69DFF3DFD7AAE84" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,761,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC69DFF3DFDFFAE84" bold="true" box="[199,636,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Male, ephipial female and ephipium.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA9371CC69DFF16FBB9AF28" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC69DFF16FECEAEE1" bold="true" box="[199,333,188,213]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Variability.</emphasis>
We observed variability in the morphology of lateral head pores (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA9371CC2D1FF16FB59AEE0" box="[1163,1242,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Figs 3</figureCitation>
E–I). In smaller individuals, we observed variability in the spine length of the first segment of endopodite of antenna II (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA9371CC378FF75FADDAECC" box="[1314,1374,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[240,1347,215,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[222,1364,193,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. B, lateral view, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. C, lateral view, juvenile from San Pedro, Argentina. D, carapace, posteroventral corner. E – I, head pores. J, labral keel. K, postabdomen, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. L, postabdomen, Tijuca River, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. M, terminal claw, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. N, antennule, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. O, antenna II, Sobradinho Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. P, antenna II, Cachoeira do Palmito, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240202/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Fig 3</figureCitation>
P). In juveniles, a variation was observed in the proportion of the IDL setae (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA9371CC5F4FEAEFC75AF28" box="[942,1014,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Figs 4</figureCitation>
C–D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA9371CC69DFE8DFB21ACF8" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC69DFE8DFE4DAF74" bold="true" box="[199,462,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC78FFE82FD4AAF0B" box="[469,713,296,320]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC78FFE82FD4AAF0B" box="[469,713,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC48AFE8DFCA9AF74" bold="true" box="[720,810,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC48AFE8DFCA9AF74" box="[720,810,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC250FE82FBE3AF74" box="[1034,1120,296,320]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC250FE82FBE3AF74" box="[1034,1120,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch and differs from the other more specialized species in IDL setae armed with fine setulae (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA9371CC5E2FEE6FB81AF50" box="[952,1026,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Figs 4</figureCitation>
C–D) (see Van Damme 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC342FEE7FAD0AF50" box="[1304,1363,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">et al.</emphasis>
2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFA9371CC6CDFEC5FE0FAFBC" author="Sinev" box="[151,396,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" refString="Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Kotov. A. A. (2012) New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina. Zootaxa, 3334, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2012">Sinev &amp; Kotov 2012</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC7FAFEDAFD15AFB3" box="[416,662,368,392]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC7FAFEDAFD15AFB3" box="[416,662,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC4FAFEC5FD7FAFBC" box="[672,764,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC4FAFEC5FD7FAFBC" bold="true" box="[672,764,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC525FEDAFACBAFBC" authority="Sinev &amp; Kotov, 2012" authorityName="Sinev &amp; Kotov" authorityYear="2012" box="[895,1352,367,392]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC525FEDAFBC9AFBC" box="[895,1098,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFA9371CC20EFEC5FACBAFBC" author="Sinev" box="[1108,1352,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" refString="Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Kotov. A. A. (2012) New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina. Zootaxa, 3334, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2012">Sinev &amp; Kotov, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC3DEFEDAFD13AF98" authority="Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011" authorityName="Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont" authorityYear="2011" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC3DEFEDAFF6EAF98" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. simplex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFA9371CC6A9FE3FFD13AF98" author="Van" box="[243,656,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" refString="Van Damme, K., Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Dumont, H. J. (2011) Separation of Anthalona gen. n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic Alonine. Zootaxa, 2875, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2011">Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC514FE3EFB94AF98" box="[846,1047,404,428]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC514FE3EFB94AF98" box="[846,1047,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in: (1) carapace setae organized in three groups; (2) spine on the first segment of endopod of antenna II very long and almost reaching the end of the third segment; (3) main head pores of similar size; (4) IDL setae of similar length; (5) setae 5–6 of limb IV with markedly different length and (6) pecten of postabdominal claw organized in two groups. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC2DAFDAAFAF7AC23" box="[1152,1396,512,536]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC2DAFDAAFAF7AC23" box="[1152,1396,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC321FE55FF4BAC09" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC321FE55FF4BAC09" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC7A1FD8EFDF2AC08" box="[507,625,548,572]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC7A1FD8EFDF2AC08" box="[507,625,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by: (1) long spinulae on the base of terminal claw; (2) spine on the first segment of endopodite of antenna II very long and almost reaching the end of third segment; (3) IDL setae of similar length; (4) setae 5–6 of limb IV with markedly different length and (5) first flaming-torch of limb IV robust. In contrast to other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC473FD3AFDFDAC9C" box="[553,638,656,680]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC473FD3AFDFDAC9C" box="[553,638,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC4BFFD3AFC5EAC93" box="[741,989,656,680]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC4BFFD3AFC5EAC93" box="[741,989,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC5BDFD25FBC7AC9C" bold="true" box="[999,1092,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC5BDFD25FBC7AC9C" box="[999,1092,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has the apex of scrapers 6–8 markedly curved (
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA9371CC738FD1EFE29ACF8" box="[354,426,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[218,1373,206,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[208,1381,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., parthenogenetic female from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil. A, maxilla. B, limb I. C, limb I, IDL and ODL. D, limb I, IDL and ODL of the juvenil (Argentina). E, limb II. F – H, limb II, scapers with apex bent. I, limb III, exopodite. J, limb III, distal endite. K, limb III, basal endite and gnathobase. L, limb IV, exopodite. M, limb IV, distal and basal endites. N, limb IV, gnathobase. O, limb V. Abbreviations in Material and Methods. Scale bars = 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240203/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Figs 4</figureCitation>
E, G–H). More similarities and differences are presented in 
<tableCitation id="C688BC8FFFA9371CC212FD1EFB1FACF8" box="[1096,1180,692,717]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,239,758,781]" captionTargetBox="[159,1414,841,1431]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological differences and similarities among species from the simplex - branch of Anthalona. Abbreviations in Material and Methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF75D9BCFFA9371CC6CDFD5CFDC0AD19" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" tableUuid="DF75D9BCFFA9371CC6CDFD5CFDC0AD19">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF75D9BCFFA9371CC6CDFD5CFDC0AD19" ID-Table-UUID="DF75D9BCFFA9371CC6CDFD5CFDC0AD19" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF75D9BCFFA9371CC6CDFD5CFDC0AD19" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" targetBox="[159,1414,841,1431]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA9371CC6CDFD5CFDC0AD19" blockId="13.[151,1436,757,813]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC6CDFD5CFE97AD39" bold="true" box="[151,276,758,781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological differences and similarities among species from the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC211FD5FFB1EAD39" box="[1099,1181,757,781]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC211FD5FFB1EAD39" box="[1099,1181,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch of 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC37CFD5FFA16AD39" box="[1318,1429,757,781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona</emphasis>
. Abbreviations in Material and Methods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA9371CC6C5FCD8FB56ABA3" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<table id="F90A7B94FFA9C8EEC6C5FCE3FA05ABA3" box="[159,1414,841,1431]" gridcols="3" gridrows="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<tr id="353A8B76FFA9C8EEC6C5FCE3FA05ADBC" box="[159,1414,841,904]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC6C5FCE3FE6DADBC" box="[159,494,841,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Size (mm)</th>
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC412FCE3FBC8ADBC" box="[584,1099,841,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC412FCE3FCA7AD6B" box="[584,804,841,863]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC412FCE3FCA7AD6B" box="[584,804,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC571FCE3FCFFAD6A" bold="true" box="[811,892,841,862]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC571FCE3FCFFAD6A" box="[811,892,841,862]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC5D4FCE3FBC8AD6A" box="[910,1099,841,862]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC5D4FCE3FBC8AD6A" box="[910,1099,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.30–0.37 0.31–0.38
</th>
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC224FCE3FA05ADBC" box="[1150,1414,841,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC224FCE3FA05AD6B" box="[1150,1414,841,863]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC224FCE3FA05AD6B" box="[1150,1414,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.30–0.34
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="353A8B76FFA9C8EEC6C5FC36FA05AA30" box="[159,1414,924,1028]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC6C5FC36FE6DAA30" box="[159,494,924,1028]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Main head pores—size Lateral head pores—shape Carapace setae—n° of groups</th>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC412FC36FBC8AA30" box="[584,1099,924,1028]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">similar similar lobed circular three three</td>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC224FC36FA05AA30" box="[1150,1414,924,1028]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">distinct lobed two</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A8B76FFA9C8EEC6C5FBB2FA05AAB4" box="[159,1414,1048,1152]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC6C5FBB2FE6DAAB4" box="[159,494,1048,1152]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A1—aesthetascs P1—ODL/IDL setae P1—IDL setae, length</th>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC412FBB2FBC8AAB4" box="[584,1099,1048,1152]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">long short ODL = IDL ODL&gt; IDL similar 2 &lt;3</td>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC224FBB2FA05AAB4" box="[1150,1414,1048,1152]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">long ODL &lt;IDL 2 &lt;3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A8B76FFA9C8EEC6C5FB3EFA05AAC8" box="[159,1414,1172,1276]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC6C5FB3EFE6DAAC8" box="[159,494,1172,1276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">P2—scrapers 6–8, apex P4—exopodite setae 5/6 length P4—first flaming torch seta</th>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC412FB3EFBC8AAC8" box="[584,1099,1172,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">bent sharp 5&gt; 6 similar robust thin</td>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC224FB3EFA05AAC8" box="[1150,1414,1172,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">sharp similar robust</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A8B76FFA9C8EEC6C5FABAFA05AB70" box="[159,1414,1296,1348]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC6C5FABAFE6DAB70" box="[159,494,1296,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">PA—spinules on the base of the terminal claw</th>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC412FABAFBC8AB70" box="[584,1099,1296,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">two, long three, short</td>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC224FABAFA05AB70" box="[1150,1414,1296,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">two, short</td>
</tr>
<tr id="353A8B76FFA9C8EEC6C5FAF2FA05ABA3" box="[159,1414,1368,1431]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<th id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC6C5FAF2FE6DABA3" box="[159,494,1368,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">PA—anal angles PA—pecten on the terminal claw</th>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC412FAF2FBC8ABA3" box="[584,1099,1368,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">strongly marked slightly marked two groups two groups</td>
<td id="76EBE20AFFA9C8EEC224FAF2FA05ABA3" box="[1150,1414,1368,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">strongly marked continue</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C310DABFFFA9371FC69DFA76FB74ACC4" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA9371CC69DFA76FC79A90C" blockId="13.[151,1436,1500,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC69DFA76FE71ABC1" bold="true" box="[199,498,1500,1525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC7A2FA76FD68ABC0" box="[504,747,1500,1524]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC7A2FA76FD68ABC0" box="[504,747,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC4A8FA76FCC8ABC1" bold="true" box="[754,843,1500,1525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC4A8FA76FCC8ABC1" box="[754,843,1500,1525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was observed only in 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA9371CC21EFA76FB0BABC1" box="[1092,1160,1500,1525]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA9371CC2E4FA76FAAEABC1" box="[1214,1325,1500,1525]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="133195B1FFA9371CC366FA76FAFBABC1" box="[1340,1400,1500,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,199,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[152,1435,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution of four species of Anthalona in the Neotropics. A, Anthalona acuta Van Damme, Sinev &amp; Dumont, 2011. B, Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev &amp; Hollwedel, 2002). C, Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa (Sars, 1901). D, Anthalona neotropica sp. nov. Black circles are previous records in Van Damme et al. (2011) and Sinev &amp; Hollwedel (2002). White circles are records observed in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240205/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Fig 6</figureCitation>
D). It is possible that it has as wide distribution range, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC56AF9AAFBC0A82C" box="[816,1091,1536,1560]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="verrucosa" subSpecies="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC56AF9AAFBC0A82C" box="[816,1091,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. verrucosa verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC20DF9AAFB39A82C" box="[1111,1210,1536,1560]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC20DF9AAFB39A82C" box="[1111,1210,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. acuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC2A6F9AAFA16A82C" box="[1276,1429,1536,1560]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brandorffi">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC2A6F9AAFA16A82C" box="[1276,1429,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. brandorffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC6CDF98EFE09A808" box="[151,394,1572,1596]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC6CDF98EFE09A808" box="[151,394,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC7CBF98EFE69A809" bold="true" box="[401,490,1572,1597]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC7CBF98EFE69A809" box="[401,490,1572,1597]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
seems to be present in low density in ponds and other lentic ecosystems. However, it was observed with relatively high abundance in samples collected in the hyporheic zone of lotic ecosystems, at depths between 10 and 
<quantity id="4CF224D1FFA9371CC7C5F9C6FE62A8B1" box="[415,481,1644,1669]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" unit="cm" value="25.0">25cm</quantity>
. In Central 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFA9371CC43FF9C6FD2FA8B1" box="[613,684,1644,1669]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC4E2F9C6FCCCA8B0" box="[696,847,1644,1668]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC4E2F9C6FCCCA8B0" box="[696,847,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC50DF9C6FC32A8B1" bold="true" box="[855,945,1644,1669]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC50DF9C6FC32A8B1" box="[855,945,1644,1669]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was only observed in hyporheic habitats of lotic ecosystems, once few specimens could be removed from the sediments by a water flow. Such as 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC37CF93AFA18A89C" box="[1318,1435,1680,1704]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC37CF93AFA18A89C" box="[1318,1435,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC69CF91EFE03A8F8" box="[198,384,1716,1740]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamungae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC69CF91EFE03A8F8" box="[198,384,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. sanoamungae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC7D4F91EFDA7A8F8" box="[398,548,1716,1740]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC7D4F91EFDA7A8F8" box="[398,548,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC476F91EFD06A8F9" bold="true" box="[556,645,1716,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC476F91EFD06A8F9" box="[556,645,1716,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is less specialized than other species from the genus, and probably is a fine sediment dweller, adapted to collect fine materials, such as food. The morphology of IDL setae, presence of a cluster of long setulae on the first segment of exopod of antenna II and the long and thick spine on postabdominal lateral fascicles, confirms its preference for benthic habitat (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFA9371CC53EF88AFC6DA90C" author="Kotov" box="[868,1006,1823,1848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" refString="Kotov, A. A. (2006) Adaptations of the Anomopoda (Cladocera) for benthic mode of life. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 85, 1043 - 1059. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 0013873806110157" type="journal article" year="2006">Kotov 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58934FFA9371FC69DF8EEFB74ACC4" blockId="13.[151,1436,1500,2029]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC69DF8EEFB22A969" bold="true" box="[199,1185,1859,1885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
Notes on the biogeography and relationship between species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC5B8F8E9FBB8A968" box="[994,1083,1859,1884]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC5B8F8E9FBB8A968" bold="true" box="[994,1083,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC2F2F8EEFA1FA968" box="[1192,1436,1860,1884]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC2F2F8EEFA1FA968" box="[1192,1436,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC6CDF8CDFF7AA9B4" bold="true" box="[151,249,1895,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFA9371CC6CDF8CDFF7AA9B4" box="[151,249,1895,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a new member of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC413F8C2FD1DA9B4" box="[585,670,1896,1920]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC413F8C2FD1DA9B4" box="[585,670,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch, which includes also African 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC234F8C2FB68A9B4" box="[1134,1259,1896,1920]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC234F8C2FB68A9B4" box="[1134,1259,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Asian 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC3DEF8C2FEC2A990" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC3DEF8C2FEC2A990" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The following synapomorphies support the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC562F826FC0EA990" box="[824,909,1932,1956]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC562F826FC0EA990" box="[824,909,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch: (1) IDL setae armed with thin setulae; (2) exopodite of limb II without setae and (3) cluster of setulae on the first segment of exopod of the antenna II. In addition, species from the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFA9371CC79DF87EFD9FA9D8" box="[455,540,2004,2028]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="13" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFA9371CC79DF87EFD9FA9D8" box="[455,540,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="237">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch share long lateral spinules on postabdominal lateral fascicles and very plumose long setae on limbs IV and V (Van Damme 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC54CFF33FCD0AE84" box="[790,851,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAA371FC5F2FF3DFB27AE84" author="Sinev" box="[936,1188,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" refString="Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Kotov. A. A. (2012) New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina. Zootaxa, 3334, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2012">Sinev &amp; Kotov 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The affinities of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC3DEFF32FE8CAEE0" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC3DEFF32FE8CAEE0" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC74FFF16FEEDAEE1" bold="true" box="[277,366,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFAA371FC74FFF16FEEDAEE1" box="[277,366,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC4D1FF16FD63AEE0" box="[651,736,188,212]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC4D1FF16FD63AEE0" box="[651,736,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch are obvious, 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC591FF17FC6DAEE0" box="[971,1006,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">i.e.</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC5A6FF16FB6CAEE0" box="[1020,1263,188,212]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC5A6FF16FB6CAEE0" box="[1020,1263,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFAA371FC2AFFF16FACDAEE1" box="[1269,1358,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC2AFFF16FACDAEE1" bold="true" box="[1269,1358,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC3DEFF16FEC2AECC" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC3DEFF16FEC2AECC" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similar morphology of the underneath sacks of lateral head pores; length of aesthetascs of antennule; marked pre- and postanal angles of postabdomen; similar limbs I, III and V and robust flaming-torch on limb IV. However, the main head pores of different sizes is a unique trait of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC255FE82FF5FAF50" authority="Sinev &amp; Kotov 2012" authorityName="Sinev &amp; Kotov" authorityYear="2012" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC255FE82FB58AF74" box="[1039,1243,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAA371FC2B6FE8DFF57AF50" author="Sinev" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" refString="Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Kotov. A. A. (2012) New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina. Zootaxa, 3334, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2012">Sinev &amp; Kotov 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC6BDFEE6FE5FAF50" box="[231,476,332,356]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC6BDFEE6FE5FAF50" box="[231,476,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Anthalona neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC7BEFEE6FDBCAF51" bold="true" box="[484,575,332,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFAA371FC7BEFEE6FDBCAF51" box="[484,575,332,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC422FEE6FD6DAF50" box="[632,750,332,356]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC422FEE6FD6DAF50" box="[632,750,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the same morphology of main head pores, armature of ventral setae of carapace, pecten on postabdominal claw organized in two groups and similar limbs I, III and V (Van Damme 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC766FE3FFEFAAF98" box="[316,377,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
2011). In the 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC47DFE3EFD05AF98" box="[551,646,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">simplex-</emphasis>
branch, circular sacks of lateral head pores and short and thin first flaming-torch seta on limb IV are morphological traits exclusive of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC5CFFE12FB88AFE4" box="[917,1035,440,464]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC5CFFE12FB88AFE4" box="[917,1035,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is known that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC289FE12FA1FAFE4" box="[1235,1436,440,464]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC289FE12FA1FAFE4" box="[1235,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only occur through South-East Asia (
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFAA371FC41CFE76FD2DAFC1" box="[582,686,476,501]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFAA371FC4E6FE76FC98AFC1" box="[700,795,476,501]" name="Vietnam" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFAA371FC50DFE76FC0CAFC0" box="[855,911,476,500]" name="Laos" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Laos</collectingCountry>
) and that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC25DFE76FBFDAFC0" box="[1031,1150,476,500]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC25DFE76FBFDAFC0" box="[1031,1150,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was only recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F31DC9A4FFAA371FC6CDFDAAFF61AC2C" box="[151,226,512,536]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">Congo</collectingCountry>
(Africa) (Van Damme 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC7A8FDABFDADAC2C" box="[498,558,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAA371FC4DBFE55FCFAAC2C" author="Sinev" box="[641,889,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" refString="Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Kotov. A. A. (2012) New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina. Zootaxa, 3334, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2012">Sinev &amp; Kotov 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, the distribution of the species from the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC6CDFD8EFF6FAC08" box="[151,236,548,572]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC6CDFD8EFF6FAC08" box="[151,236,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-branch point to a tropical range and could suggest a divergence from the disjunction of the zones connected in the past. Usually such pattern is associated with the Gondwana disruption (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAA371FC2F8FDEDFAA5AC54" author="Bayly" box="[1186,1318,583,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" refString="Bayly, I. A. E. (1995) Distinctive aspects of the zooplankton of large lakes in Australasia, Antarctica and South America. Austr. Journal of Marine &amp; Freshwater Research, 46, 1109 - 1120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9951109" type="journal article" year="1995">Bayly 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAA371FC369FDEDFEA1ACB0" author="Fernando" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" refString="Fernando, C. H., Paggi, J. C. &amp; Rajapaksa, R. (1987) Daphnia in tropical lowlands. Memorie dell' Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 45, 107 - 141." type="journal article" year="1987">
Fernando 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC6CDFDC7FF54ACB0" box="[151,215,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAA371FC76FFDC7FDE2ACB0" author="Dumont" box="[309,609,620,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" refString="Dumont, H. J. &amp; Negrea, S. V. (2002) Introduction to the class Branchiopoda. (Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world 19). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 398 pp." type="book" year="2002">Dumont &amp; Negrea 2002</bibRefCitation>
), although some investigators have serious doubts in &quot;Gondwanian&quot; interpretation of such distributional ranges (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9BF4C5FFAA371FC4F8FD25FC0EAC9C" author="Korovchinsky" box="[674,909,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" refString="Korovchinsky, N. M. (2006) The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) as a relict group. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 147, 109 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00217. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Korovchinsky 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC23EFD3AFA81AC93" box="[1124,1282,656,679]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotropica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC23EFD3AFA81AC93" box="[1124,1282,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. neotropica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC355FD25FAECAC9C" bold="true" box="[1295,1391,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE85DFFAA371FC355FD25FAECAC9C" box="[1295,1391,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC3DEFD3AFEC2ACF8" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanoamuangae">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC3DEFD3AFEC2ACF8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. sanoamuangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0AF2B7FFAA371FC723FD1EFE6CACF8" box="[377,495,692,716]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="14" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC723FD1EFE6CACF8" box="[377,495,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">A. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very conservative, without important reductions or specializations (possibly due to association with similar habitat) that can be used as an argument 
<emphasis id="B97E5526FFAA371FC5D6FD73FC31ACC4" box="[908,946,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="238">pro</emphasis>
close in-group relationships.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>