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<mods:title id="4B6D9A71A4C33706283AF606FE81F685">Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification</mods:title>
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Family
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F67302DFD38F9837C47F9A7" ID-CoL="7NK76" authorityName="O'Hara, Stohr, Hugall, Thuy &amp; Martynov" authorityYear="2018" box="[682,879,1601,1627]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F67302DFD38F9837C47F9A7" bold="true" box="[682,879,1601,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ophiomusaidae</emphasis>
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<heading id="D0C081921F67302DFF2FF96C7E62F934" bold="true" box="[189,330,1710,1736]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F67302DFF2FF9237EFEF907" authority="Hertz, 1927" authorityName="Hertz" authorityYear="1927" box="[189,470,1761,1788]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" genus="Ophiomusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F67302DFF2FF9237E6CF907" box="[189,324,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ophiomusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F67302DFEDEF9207EFEF907" author="Hertz" box="[332,470,1761,1788]" firstAuthor="Hertz" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="59 - 122" refId="ref16081" refString="Hertz M. 1927. Die Ophiuroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 1. Chilophiurida Mats. (Ophiolepididae: Ophioleucidae: Ophiodermatidae: Ophiocomidae). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899 22: 59 - 122, pls 6 - 9." type="journal article" year="1927">Hertz, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
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species:
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F67302DFD17F9207B68F907" authority="(Wyville-Thomson, 1873))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Wyville-Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[645,1088,1761,1788]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" genus="Ophiomusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lymani">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F67302DFD17F9207DB2F900" box="[645,666,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</emphasis>
.
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(Wyville-Thomson, 1873))
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.
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<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F67302DFF2FF8E57E1EF8BD" bold="true" box="[189,310,1831,1857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8836FE1F67302DFF2FF8987EEFF817" blockId="7.[189,1399,1882,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Disc scales few, primary plates obvious, radial shields enlarged. Ventral arm plates, and in some species also dorsal arm plates, present on few proximal arm joints only. Lateral arm plates with numerous spurs along proximal edge. Extremely short genital slits, rarely as long as first arm joint. Two visible proximal pairs of tentacle pores.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32D65751F683022FF2FFEC97C90FD2B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FF2FFEC97E07FED9" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FF2FFEF87E7EFEA8" author="Hertz" box="[189,342,314,340]" firstAuthor="Hertz" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="59 - 122" refId="ref16081" refString="Hertz M. 1927. Die Ophiuroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 1. Chilophiurida Mats. (Ophiolepididae: Ophioleucidae: Ophiodermatidae: Ophiocomidae). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899 22: 59 - 122, pls 6 - 9." type="journal article" year="1927">Hertz (1927)</bibRefCitation>
included 11 species in the genus
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FD75FEFB7CAEFEA8" box="[743,902,313,340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FD75FEFB7C46FEAF" authorityName="Hertz" authorityYear="1927" box="[743,878,313,339]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" genus="Ophiomusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Ophiomusa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FC1DFEFB7A23FEA8" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[911,1291,313,340]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiocomidae" genus="Clarkcoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="canaliculata">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FC1DFEFB7B0AFEAF" box="[911,1058,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">canaliculata</emphasis>
(H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FBE0FEFB7A29FEA8" author="Clark" box="[1138,1281,313,340]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="429 - 453" refId="ref15158" refString="Clark H. L. 1917. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Albatross Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, 1899 - 1900 (Part 18). Reports on the Scientific results of the Albatross Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 1904 - 1905 (Part 30). Ophiuroidea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Cambridge 61: 429 - 453." type="journal article" year="1917">Clark, 1917</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FA8AFEFB7A5FFEAF" box="[1304,1399,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">facunda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FF57FE9F7E57FE8B" author="Koehler" box="[197,383,349,375]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 486" refId="ref16526" refString="Koehler R. 1922 a. Ophiurans of the Philippine Seas and adjacent waters. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 100: 1 - 486." type="journal article" year="1922" yearSuffix="a">Koehler, 1922a</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FE01FE9F7DB2FE8B" authority="(Koehler, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[403,666,349,375]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Ophiopeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FE01FE9F7EFEFE8B" box="[403,470,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fallax</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FE77FE9F7DB8FE8B" author="Koehler" box="[485,656,349,375]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref16336" refString="Koehler R. 1904. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga Expeditie Monographs 45 a: 1 - 176, pls 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FD37FE9F7C2AFE8B" box="[677,770,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">luetkeni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FC83FE9F7C99FE8B" author="Lyman T." box="[785,945,349,375]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="65 - 168" part="5" refId="ref17401" refString="Lyman T. 1878 a. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the &quot; Challenger &quot; expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 5: 65 - 168." title="Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the &quot; Challenger &quot; expedition. Part I" type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman, 1878</bibRefCitation>
),
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FC54FE9F7B31FE8B" box="[966,1049,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lunaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FBBBFE9F7BE0FE8B" author="Lyman T." box="[1065,1224,349,375]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="65 - 168" part="5" refId="ref17401" refString="Lyman T. 1878 a. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the &quot; Challenger &quot; expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 5: 65 - 168." title="Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the &quot; Challenger &quot; expedition. Part I" type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman, 1878</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FB4FFE9F7A05FE8B" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Wyville-Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1245,1325,349,375]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" genus="Ophiomusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lymani">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FB4FFE9F7A05FE8B" box="[1245,1325,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lymani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FAAEFE9C7A5FFE8B" box="[1340,1399,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">muta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FF2FFE437E61FE66" author="Hertz" box="[189,329,384,411]" firstAuthor="Hertz" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="59 - 122" refId="ref16081" refString="Hertz M. 1927. Die Ophiuroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 1. Chilophiurida Mats. (Ophiolepididae: Ophioleucidae: Ophiodermatidae: Ophiocomidae). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899 22: 59 - 122, pls 6 - 9." type="journal article" year="1927">Hertz, 1927</bibRefCitation>
(as subspecies of
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FDB0FE427DA9FE66" box="[546,641,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">facunda</emphasis>
),
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FD08FE427DCEFE66" box="[666,742,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">relicta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FD67FE427C8AFE66" author="Koehler" box="[757,930,384,410]" firstAuthor="Koehler" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref16336" refString="Koehler R. 1904. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga Expeditie Monographs 45 a: 1 - 176, pls 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
),
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FC2AFE427B25FE66" box="[952,1037,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">scalare</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FB8CFE427B97FE66" author="Lyman T." box="[1054,1215,384,410]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="65 - 168" part="5" refId="ref17401" refString="Lyman T. 1878 a. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the &quot; Challenger &quot; expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard 5: 65 - 168." title="Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the &quot; Challenger &quot; expedition. Part I" type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman, 1878</bibRefCitation>
),
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FB47FE427A07FE66" box="[1237,1327,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">trychna</emphasis>
(H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FF2FFE617E63FE41" author="Clark" box="[189,331,419,445]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref14965" refString="Clark H. L. 1911. North Pacific Ophiurans in the collection of the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 75: 1 - 302." type="journal article" year="1911">Clark, 1911</bibRefCitation>
) and
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FE01FE617EF6FE41" box="[403,478,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ultima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FE7BFE667D5FFE41" author="Hertz" box="[489,631,419,446]" firstAuthor="Hertz" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="59 - 122" refId="ref16081" refString="Hertz M. 1927. Die Ophiuroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 1. Chilophiurida Mats. (Ophiolepididae: Ophioleucidae: Ophiodermatidae: Ophiocomidae). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899 22: 59 - 122, pls 6 - 9." type="journal article" year="1927">Hertz, 1927</bibRefCitation>
many of them with a more simplified skeleton than the
<typeStatus id="548C885C1F683022FAD6FE667A5FFE42" box="[1348,1399,420,446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FE8EFE057D12FE1D" authority="(Baker 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[284,570,454,481]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" genus="Ophiomusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lymani">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FE8EFE057E19FE1D" box="[284,305,455,481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FED0FE057EBAFE1D" box="[322,402,455,481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lymani</emphasis>
(Baker 2016)
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="548C885C1F683022FD11FE057D9EFE1D" box="[643,694,455,481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FCD3FE057CCEFE1D" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1869" box="[833,998,455,481]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Ophiomusium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FCD3FE057CCEFE1D" box="[833,998,455,481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ophiomusium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FC65FE057BBAFE1D" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1869" box="[1015,1170,455,481]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Ophiomusium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eburneum">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FC65FE057BBAFE1D" box="[1015,1170,455,481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. eburneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is genetically and morphologically related to
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FD91FE287D98FDF8" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1941" box="[515,688,490,516]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Ophiosphalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FD91FE287D98FDF8" box="[515,688,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ophiosphalma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not to the other described species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FB3DFE287A7CFDF8" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1869" box="[1199,1364,490,516]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Ophiomusium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FB3DFE287A7CFDF8" box="[1199,1364,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ophiomusium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has 23 pairs of visible tentacle pores and persistent ventral and dorsal arm plates, and rounded, almost bulging lateral arm plates. The remaining species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FCAAFDF27CF5FDB6" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1869" box="[824,989,560,586]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Ophiomusium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FCAAFDF27CF5FDB6" box="[824,989,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ophiomusium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a distinct family-level clade with typically 2 (rarely 0 or 1) pairs of visible tentacle pores. Consequently, we transfer these remaining species to the only available genus name,
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FD2BFDB57CF1FD6D" authority="Hertz, 1927" authorityName="Hertz" authorityYear="1927" box="[697,985,631,658]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" genus="Ophiomusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FD2BFDB57C68FD6D" box="[697,832,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ophiomusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B0F1F683022FCD8FDBA7CF1FD6D" author="Hertz" box="[842,985,631,658]" firstAuthor="Hertz" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="59 - 122" refId="ref16081" refString="Hertz M. 1927. Die Ophiuroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 1. Chilophiurida Mats. (Ophiolepididae: Ophioleucidae: Ophiodermatidae: Ophiocomidae). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot; 1898 - 1899 22: 59 - 122, pls 6 - 9." type="journal article" year="1927">Hertz, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which until now has been treated as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FE1AFD587D05FD48" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1869" box="[392,557,666,692]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Ophiomusium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EAEC1F683022FE1AFD587D05FD48" box="[392,557,666,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ophiomusium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A future molecular and morphological revision of the
<taxonomicName id="4C374D7D1F683022FB2CFD587A5EFD48" authorityName="O'Hara, Stohr, Hugall, Thuy &amp; Martynov" authorityYear="2018" box="[1214,1398,666,692]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiomusaidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiomusaidae</taxonomicName>
fam. nov. may reveal several monophyletic clades at genus level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>