217 lines
24 KiB
XML
217 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="799B934A48AF9BF921390C5780167509" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5a09b8e-5094-418e-9761-25b360b2251e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="241047" ID-ZooBank="FBB8070A-CEA2-4FBF-B122-9AEA9306C73A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461240032041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barrie, Christine L. & Wheeler, Terry A." docDate="2015" docId="039E87C8FFD7D725FF06FAF6DB08432D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04012p200.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4012 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cryptonevra diadema Meigen" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="FFA7FFB0FFD7D724FF91FFD0D8354151" masterDocTitle="Assembly of a Phragmites - associated Chloropidae (Diptera) fauna in North America: the Palearctic genus Cryptonevra Lioy in the Nearctic, and the genus Lipara Meigen in Canada" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="198" pageNumber="198" updateTime="1698605081695" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C43326534F7B1E5CF52F0B3809425F37">
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<mods:title id="9A283CBA7BBC4AA02C52231D0B54A952">Assembly of a Phragmites - associated Chloropidae (Diptera) fauna in North America: the Palearctic genus Cryptonevra Lioy in the Nearctic, and the genus Lipara Meigen in Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="ECCADC6AC78F8B1E13601CD64F2E0356" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="77EA1FC88FF55A62E1F23AED915368FF">Barrie, Christine L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="481DBFD149A5259E12D267F7BA236510" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EDC1E6AF214F45D673B102926926159D">Wheeler, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A6CB541BD40C46672C27EA5659B86542">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7035D56993E0C99CCD0606ED01397D27">
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<mods:date id="FEB5AFCE8B6D053C95ADFD7B50F4C2FB">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C68796ADE878C0C1E5D44EB4EBC93164" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ED41A3A92E3816947DA0E756FA4D6F0D">4012</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="72B543EAE995048519CE8B3AB3E737E1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E87C8FFD7D725FF06FAF6DB08432D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097774" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87C8FFD7D725FF06FAF6DB08432D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87C8FFD7D725FF06FAF6DB08432D" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">
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<subSubSection id="C32D6555FFD7D725FF06FAF6DDA940FE" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD7D724FF06FAF6DA274411" blockId="0.[151,530,1318,1344]" box="[151,530,1318,1344]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">
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<heading id="D0C081B2FFD7D724FF06FAF6DA274411" bold="true" box="[151,530,1318,1344]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FF06FAF6DA274411" ID-CoL="8BM5M" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[151,530,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FF06FAF6DA274411" bold="true" box="[151,530,1318,1344]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FF06FAF6D9AE4411" bold="true" box="[151,411,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cryptonevra diadema</emphasis>
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(Meigen)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD7D724FF06FABCDADD4724" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">
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One female specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FE20FABCDA0D44D2" box="[433,568,1388,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FE20FABCDA0D44D2" box="[433,568,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cryptonevra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected in
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<quantity id="4CCF9B3BFFD7D724FC91FABCDB6144D2" box="[768,852,1388,1411]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10794" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" unit="in" value="2011.0">2011 in</quantity>
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an old field habitat in a suburban park (
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<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD7D724FAB0FABCDDAC44D2" box="[1313,1433,1388,1411]" name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">CANADA</collectingCountry>
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: Quebec: Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4516° -73.8103°,
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<date id="FF89101EFFD7D724FC39FA5EDC5244F4" box="[936,1127,1422,1445]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" value="2011-06-30" valueMax="2011-07-07" valueMin="2011-06-30">30.vi–07.vii.2011</date>
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, C. Barrie, yellow pan, old field). Subsequent focused collecting with a sweep net in 2013 near a stand of
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FC67FA61DC454499" box="[1014,1136,1457,1480]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FC67FA61DC454499" box="[1014,1136,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">P. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at the same site yielded 14 more specimens (Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4514°, -73.8099°,
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<date id="FF89101EFFD7D724FC74FA04DC5544BA" box="[997,1120,1492,1515]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" value="2013-07-11">11.vii.2013</date>
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, C. Barrie, sweep, old field,
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<specimenCount id="9D31FD57FFD7D724FA1FFA04D898475C" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
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, 11 ♀). Two female specimens were DNA barcoded (658 bp of the mitochondrial CO
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<docIssue id="CF544931FFD7D724FBC0FA26DC6F475C" box="[1105,1114,1526,1549]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">1</docIssue>
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gene) at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (University of Guelph, ON,
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<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD7D724FD27F9C9DB324761" box="[694,775,1561,1584]" name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Canada</collectingCountry>
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) (BOLD SampleID: CCDB-21329-B04, CCDB-21329-B05; boldsystems.org). All specimens collected in this study are deposited in the Lyman Entomological Museum, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC,
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<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD7D724FDD1F98EDAA54724" box="[576,656,1630,1653]" name="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Canada</collectingCountry>
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(LEM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD7D724FF56F951DC554651" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">
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The specimens were identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FDA7F951DBBE47C9" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[566,907,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FDA7F951DB1547C9" box="[566,800,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cryptonevra diadema</emphasis>
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(Meigen)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130C2A5BFFD7D724FC0BF951DBEC47C9" box="[922,985,1665,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1672,1694]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,690,1651]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cryptonevra diadema (Meigen), female habitus. Total length of specimen = 3.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241048/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) based on keys and illustrations in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD7D724FACAF951D8EB47EA" author="Ismay" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" refString="Ismay, J. W. (1994) A revision of the British Neohaplegis Beschovski and Cryptonevra Lioy (Dipt., Chloropidae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 130, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1994">Ismay (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD7D724FE86F974D9C447EA" author="Grochowska" box="[279,497,1700,1723]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" refString="Grochowska, M. (2007) The morphology of adults of Cryptonevra Lioy, 1864 species (Diptera, Chloropidae) occurring on the common reed (Phragmites australis). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53, 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="2007">Grochowska (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FE6CF974DADC47EA" box="[509,745,1700,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FE6CF974DADC47EA" box="[509,745,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cryptonevra diadema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a widespread Palearctic species whose larvae are associated with
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FF43F916D97B478C" box="[210,334,1734,1757]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FF43F916D97B478C" box="[210,334,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">P. australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as inquilines in
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FD87F916DA6A478C" box="[534,607,1734,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FD87F916DA6A478C" box="[534,607,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Lipara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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galls (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD7D724FD3EF916DB00478C" author="Ismay" box="[687,821,1734,1757]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" refString="Ismay, J. W. (1994) A revision of the British Neohaplegis Beschovski and Cryptonevra Lioy (Dipt., Chloropidae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 130, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1994">Ismay 1994</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD7D724FCD5F916DC24478C" author="Grochowska" box="[836,1041,1734,1757]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" refString="Grochowska, M. (2007) The morphology of adults of Cryptonevra Lioy, 1864 species (Diptera, Chloropidae) occurring on the common reed (Phragmites australis). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53, 97 - 106." type="journal article" year="2007">Grochowska 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). Like
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FBF5F916DC98478C" box="[1124,1197,1734,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FBF5F916DC98478C" box="[1124,1197,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Lipara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FF06F939D91B4651" box="[151,302,1769,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Calamoncosis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FF06F939D91B4651" box="[151,302,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Calamoncosis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FEAAF939DA104651" box="[315,549,1769,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FEAAF939DA104651" box="[315,549,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cryptonevra diadema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was likely introduced to North
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<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD7D724FCE6F939DBE64651" box="[887,979,1769,1792]" name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">America</collectingCountry>
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accidentally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD7D724FF56F8DCDA4F4681" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FF56F8DCD9874672" box="[199,434,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FF56F8DCD9874672" box="[199,434,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cryptonevra diadema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the few Nearctic species of the chloropid subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FBF2F8DCDCD24672" box="[1123,1255,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chloropinae">Chloropinae</taxonomicName>
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with an entirely black thorax and abdomen. Most species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FD01F8FEDB5F4614" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[656,874,1838,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Epichlorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FD01F8FEDB244614" box="[656,785,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Epichlorops</emphasis>
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Becker
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FCEBF8FEDC114614" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" box="[890,1060,1838,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cetema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FCEBF8FEDBF94614" box="[890,972,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cetema</emphasis>
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Hendel
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FBC3F8FEDD7D4614" authority="Zenker" authorityName="Zenker" box="[1106,1352,1838,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Thaumatomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FBC3F8FEDCC74614" box="[1106,1266,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Thaumatomyia</emphasis>
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Zenker
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</taxonomicName>
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with a completely black scutum have at least some yellow on the scutellum or thoracic pleurites. In Sabrosky’s (1987) key to Nearctic chloropid genera,
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FE55F8A4DA7746DA" box="[452,578,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FE55F8A4DA7746DA" box="[452,578,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">C. diadema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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keys to couplet 55 (
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FCBDF8A4DB4B46DA" box="[812,894,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cetema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FCBDF8A4DB4B46DA" box="[812,894,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cetema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FC28F8A4DC0F46DA" box="[953,1082,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Epichlorops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FC28F8A4DC0F46DA" box="[953,1082,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Epichlorops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), although the scutum is not as distinctly tuberculate as in those two genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD7D724FDECF846DB5246FC" box="[637,871,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD7D724FDECF846DB5246FC" box="[637,871,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="198">Cryptonevra diadema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be accommodated in the Nearctic key to genera by the following modifications to couplet 54:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD6D725FF06FF48DDA940FE" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">
|
||
54. Scutum (except sometimes postpronotum and/or notopleuron) black, unstriped; scutal setulae arising from tubercles that are often star-shaped, or at least raised ............................................................................................................ 54a - Scutum usually with distinct black or reddish stripes; if uniformly black (rarely), then scutal setulae arising from fine, inconspicuous, piliferous punctures.................................................................................................................... 56 54a. Apex of first flagellomere angulate; frons black posteriorly, yellow at anterior margin, frontal triangle black, appearing shagreened in posterodorsal view; gena divided into microtomentose yellow upper portion and narrower, shining dark brown lower margin; scutal tubercles present but indistinct
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FCEDFE88DD71403E" box="[892,1348,344,367]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">
|
||
................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FB50FE88DD71403E" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[1217,1348,344,367]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptonevra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen - Apex of first flagellomere rounded; frons yellow, contrasting with shining black frontal triangle; gena microtomentose, yellow; scutal tubercles distinctly star-shaped ................................................................................................... 55
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D6555FFD6D725FF56FE0ADB08432D" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD6D725FF56FE0ADB08432D" blockId="1.[151,1436,474,636]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FEA7FE0AD98340A0" ID-CoL="8BM5M" box="[310,438,474,497]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FEA7FE0AD98340A0" box="[310,438,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">C. diadema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the first described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FCB9FE0ADB9A40A0" ID-CoL="3WP9" box="[808,943,474,497]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FCB9FE0ADB9A40A0" box="[808,943,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Cryptonevra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD6D725FB1BFE0ADCDD40A0" box="[1162,1256,474,497]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, an unidentified Palearctic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FEEAFE2DDA374345" ID-CoL="3WP9" box="[379,514,509,532]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FEEAFE2DDA374345" box="[379,514,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Cryptonevra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is undergoing testing for possible release in the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD6D725FBE4FE2DDD314345" box="[1141,1284,509,532]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
as a potential biological control agent for another invasive grass, giant reed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FCDAFDF0DBD14366" ID-CoL="H3L8" box="[843,996,544,567]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundo" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="donax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FCDAFDF0DBD14366" box="[843,996,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Arundo donax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FB84FDF0DC5B4366" ID-CoL="627FW" box="[1045,1134,544,567]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD6D725FB14FDF0DDAD4366" author="Dudley" box="[1157,1432,544,567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" refString="Dudley, T. L. & Lambert, A. M. (2007) Biological control of invasive giant reed (Arundo donax). Completion Report for U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service / Santa Clara River Trustee Council, 31 December 2007. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, 43 pp." type="book" year="2007">Dudley & Lambert 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD6D725FF06FD92D9414308" author="Goolsby" box="[151,372,578,601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" refString="Goolsby, J. A., Moran, P., Falk, J. & Gilbert, L. (2009) Distribution and spread of an adventive population of the biological control agent Tetramesa romana in Austin, Texas. Southwestern Entomologist, 34, 329 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3958 / 059.034.0314" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Goolsby
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FF6AFD92D9014308" box="[251,308,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and adventive populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FD5DFD92DB664308" ID-CoL="3WP9" box="[716,851,578,601]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Cryptonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FD5DFD92DB664308" box="[716,851,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Cryptonevra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that may be conspecific with that species have been found in coastal southern California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD6D725FDB5FDB5DB04432D" author="Dudley" box="[548,817,613,636]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" refString="Dudley, T. L. & Lambert, A. M. (2007) Biological control of invasive giant reed (Arundo donax). Completion Report for U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service / Santa Clara River Trustee Council, 31 December 2007. Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, 43 pp." type="book" year="2007">Dudley & Lambert 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |