1941 lines
346 KiB
XML
1941 lines
346 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B1DED253E9C2F1A8FE90CAEDBB61B9F3">Revision of world Ooderella Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with description of the first males for the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62D79D033341B1A148B2FF489A2E86CC">Gibson, Gary A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="07C258094078D43B38C649FC3D2798DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A75CCE7227B281D0B68C94C48E2C7937">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040914" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132549093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6040914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFE1FFFAFF23071535F60765" box="[151,394,836,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B883684FFE1FFFAFF23071535F60765" blockId="4.[151,394,836,862]" box="[151,394,836,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0C081E8FFE1FFFAFF23071535F60765" bold="true" box="[151,394,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE1FFFAFF23071535F60765" ID-CoL="68JD" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[151,394,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFF23071535F60765" bold="true" box="[151,394,836,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFF23071535720765" bold="true" box="[151,270,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ooderella</emphasis>
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Ashmead
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFE1FFFAFF2307DB353F0784" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B883684FFE1FFFAFF2307DB353F0784" blockId="4.[151,1436,906,959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2711AAFFE1FFFAFF2307DB353F0784" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE1FFFAFF2307DB35C2079B" ID-CoL="68JD" authority="Ashmead, 1896: 6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,446,906,928]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFF2307DB3481079B" box="[151,253,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ooderella</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A961095FFE1FFFAFEB007DB35C2079B" author="Ashmead" box="[260,446,906,928]" page="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE1FFFAFEB007DB35DB079B" author="Ashmead" box="[260,423,906,928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) On the genera of the Eupelminae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 4, 4 - 20." type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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: 6
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(key), 10–11 (description). Type species:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE1FFFAFCD907DB30F4079B" ID-CoL="49RZY" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[877,1160,906,928]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFCD907DB3063079B" box="[877,1055,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ooderella smithii</emphasis>
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||
Ashmead
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy and original designation.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFE1FFFAFF2307BD37C0037B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B883684FFE1FFFAFF2307BD37C0037B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1004,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFF2307BD3576003E" bold="true" box="[151,266,1004,1029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. FEMALE. Brachypterous, with fore wing usually extending flat over mesosoma to propodeum or base of gaster, though sometimes bent upwards near posterior of mesosoma (
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<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFC78005E302D0013" box="[972,1105,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
); membrane behind venation bare (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFEB3006535240076" box="[263,344,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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) to variably densely setose (e.g.
|
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<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFD7E006537700077" box="[714,780,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) but with hairlike setae and without hyaline cross-band or anterior and posterior spots with white setae. Head in lateral view variably highly convex (
|
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<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFB03000930B7004B" box="[1207,1227,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFB680006314F004B" box="[1244,1331,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFAF60006311C004B" box="[1346,1376,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">46</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFADB000931F2004B" box="[1391,1422,1112,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 98" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[225,1361,193,1771]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 98. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 90 – 93, 2016 - 86: 90, head, frontal; 91, head, lateral; 92, head and pronotum, dorsal; 93, lateral habitus. 94, lateral habitus (2015 - 4). 95, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 86). 96 & 97, 2015 - 4: 96, pronotum and mesoscutum; 97, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 98, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 86)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828815/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">91</figureCitation>
|
||
); sometimes with ocellocular mark between posterior ocellus and inner orbit (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFBAE002D301300AF" box="[1050,1135,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 47</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFBCF002D30D400AE" box="[1147,1192,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">157</figureCitation>
|
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), and sometimes with lighter-colored line or mediolongitudinal sulcus below anterior ocellus on one or both of frons and scrobal depression (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFEEC009535BC00E6" box="[344,448,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 156</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFE650095358300E6" box="[465,511,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURES 165 – 173" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[225,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 165 – 173. Ooderella capensis n. sp. ♀. 165, head, frontal (2016 - 94). 166 – 173, 2016 - 93: 166, head, lateral; 167, head and pronotum, dorsal; 168, lateral habitus; 169, antenna [insert: mandibles (2016 - 94)]; 170, pronotum and mesoscutum; 171, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 172, mesosoma, lateral; 173, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828833/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">165</figureCitation>
|
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). Eye superficially bare but very sparsely microsetose. Antenna with fl1 short compared to fl2, but at least about as long as wide rather than strongly discoidal (e.g.
|
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<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFBD700B630D7013B" box="[1123,1195,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFB0C00B930AA013B" box="[1208,1238,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">13</figureCitation>
|
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). Mandibles with acute tooth ventrally but apical margin above ventral tooth variably broadly truncate to deeply incurved or angularly incised so mandible variably distinctly bidentate (e.g.
|
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<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFCCC017E37B20173" box="[888,974,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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: insert) to tridentate (e.g.
|
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<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFB4D017E313C0173" box="[1273,1344,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
: insert). Pronotal collar transverse to somewhat longer than wide but more or less quadrangular with lateral margins parallel or only slightly anteriorly divergent, with anterolateral corners right-angled (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFB91012630FB01AB" box="[1061,1159,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 3, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) to more strongly, conelike produced (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFECF01CD365C018F" box="[379,544,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 120, 124</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior margin of collar abruptly angled relative to inclined neck at least laterally, and dorsally collar divided mediolongitudinally by deep furrow and usually flat even if sometimes inclined on either side of furrow. Mesoscutum with smooth and shiny mesoscutal flange laterally, but otherwise meshlike reticulate at least anterior of posteriorly carinate portion of lateral lobes (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE1FFFAFB1102593132021B" box="[1189,1358,1543,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFB1102593132021B" box="[1189,1358,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where more transversely reticulate-strigose to reticulate-rugulose,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFCFF027D37CD027F" box="[843,945,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 201</figureCitation>
|
||
); scutellar-axillar complex with scutellum extending to and acutely angled at transscutal articulation. Mesotibia with oblique groove apically between tibial spur and base of tarsus, and with row of dark apical pegs in region over base of tibial spur; mesotarsus with a single row of dark pegs along either side of basal four tarsomeres. Propodeum highly variable in structure. Gaster yellowish to dark brown, though often variably paler to white basally or subbasally; Gt1 distinctly incised medially but subsequent tergites more shallowly emarginate; syntergum narrowed posteriorly to often lighter-colored and/or more translucent and sometimes variably reflexed, posteriorly rounded or angulate bare region (syntergal flange) behind setae (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFED6037635D5037B" box="[354,425,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFE01037935AF037B" box="[437,467,1832,1856]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFE6B03793676037B" box="[479,522,1832,1856]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">204</figureCitation>
|
||
) (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE1FFFAFDC70379368B037B" box="[627,759,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFDC70379368B037B" box="[627,759,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFE1FFFBFF73031D374900FE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE1FFFBFF73031D36AD07F3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1004,2037]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
MALE.
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE1FFFAFE90031C35E3035E" box="[292,415,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New World</emphasis>
|
||
. Head often with ocellocular mark evident as an angulation (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFBCE031D30B6035F" box="[1146,1226,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
) but only rarely as a lighter-colored line (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFE6B033E363A03B3" box="[479,582,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 206</figureCitation>
|
||
) between anterior margin of posterior ocellus and inner orbit; scrobal depression often transversely Π-like above interantennal prominence (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFBBE03C530190397" box="[1034,1125,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 81</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFBC303C530D80397" box="[1143,1188,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">101</figureCitation>
|
||
), variably sculptured relative to smoother and shinier frons, and usually with mediolongitudinal light-colored sulcus or line of weakness (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFF7B038D354F03CF" box="[207,307,2012,2037]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 101</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE1FFFAFE8B038D351003CE" box="[319,364,2012,2037]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">205</figureCitation>
|
||
), but not a circular depression or pit at apex of interantennal prominence (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE1FFFAFB60038D311B03CE" author="Gibson" box="[1236,1383,2012,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 406–408); with uniformly short and sparse setae on gena lateral to malar sulcus. Antenna with torulus about midway between oral margin and anterior ocellus, the ventral margin obviously above lower orbit and distance between ventral margin of torulus and oral margin slightly greater than distance between dorsal margin of torulus and ventral margin of anterior ocellus (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFD33055536950527" box="[647,745,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
|
||
); scape compressed and broadest subbasally to medially, but variably distinctly narrowed apically; pedicel obviously longer than apical width, subtriangular, without row of differentiated setae along ventral length; flagellum conspicuously elongate-slender, filiform with fl1 (anellus) discoidal; funiculars much longer than wide with fl2 about 4× as long as wide and straight (ventral margin not curved) and subsequent funiculars of similar length or only slightly shorter apically, with sparse and comparatively inconspicuous, very short setae much shorter than width of funicle, and either with multiple overlapping rows of longitudinal, convex mps (multiporous plate sensilla) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFCA4058D371705CE" box="[784,875,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 85</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFCCE058D379D05CE" box="[890,993,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">104, 105</figureCitation>
|
||
) (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFBA3058D30E805CE" box="[1047,1172,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Reikosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFBA3058D30E805CE" box="[1047,1172,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Reikosiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group 3
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFAB6058C313C05CF" box="[1282,1344,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE0FFFBFAFF058D34AE0623" author="Gibson" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 370) or with each mps having long, apically free, seta-like portion so mps superficially appear as comparatively dense setae subappressed to or projecting from surface at acute angle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFBE00675308C0607" box="[1108,1264,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 136" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[224,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 136. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♂. 128 & 129, head: 128, frontal (allotype); 129, dorsal (2016 - 99). 130 – 134, allotype: 130, lateral habitus; 131, antenna; 132, pedicel to fl 3; 133, mesosoma, dorsal; 134, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 135, fore wing (2016 - 99). 136, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828825/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 131, 132</figureCitation>
|
||
) (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFAAB067531E70606" box="[1311,1435,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Reikosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFAAB067531E70606" box="[1311,1435,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Reikosiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFF4E06183544065B" box="[250,312,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE0FFFBFEF6061635A4065B" author="Gibson" box="[322,472,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 371); clava as slender as preceding flagellomeres and tapered to apex without distinct micropilose sensory region ventrally, at most only very obscurely differentiated into clavomeres by indistinct transverse sutures, and about as long as combined length of apical two funiculars. Mandibles variably distinctly tridentate. Fore wing hyaline or at most slightly infumate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFC2506E5378F06F7" box="[913,1011,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 109</figureCitation>
|
||
); not distinctively elongate-slender, at most length only about 2.7× maximum width; dorsally with variably large and distinct speculum behind parastigma beyond basal cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFED906AD35BD072E" box="[365,449,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
), but region often obscured by setae on ventral surface; marginal vein not distinctively long, less than 0.8× width of wing; postmarginal vein obviously longer than stigmal vein, though apex often difficult to distinguish accurately because vein gradually lightened apically. Mesoscutum with deep, distinct notauli; usually quite distinctly meshlike reticulate over at least anterior half (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFB83073630C507BB" box="[1079,1209,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 87, 88</figureCitation>
|
||
), though sometimes smoother, more coriaceous posteriorly, and small males sometimes almost entirely meshlike coriaceous-reticulate. Metapleuron bare. Propodeum with median carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE0FFFBFF730785374900FE" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFF730785354007D6" box="[199,316,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Old World</emphasis>
|
||
. Males of a single identified species differ from known New World males by the following: torulus obviously closer to oral margin than to anterior ocellus, with ventral margin at level of lower orbit (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFA9D07A631F3002B" box="[1321,1423,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 205</figureCitation>
|
||
); scrobal depression with light-colored line of weakness mediolongitudinally, though more elongate Π-like, extending almost to anterior ocellus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFD82006E36E50063" box="[566,665,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 205</figureCitation>
|
||
); flagellum with fl2–fl8 obviously longer than wide and sparsely and inconspicuously setose, but at most only about 2× as long as wide and with elongate mps extending almost entire length of funicular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFEC300D6366A009B" box="[375,534,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 208, 209</figureCitation>
|
||
); clava about equal to combined length of apical three funiculars and with much longer setae than preceding flagellomeres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFDCD00FD36A700FF" box="[633,731,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 208</figureCitation>
|
||
: insert).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFE0FFFBFF73009E35100313" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE0FFFBFF73009E3495010B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFF73009E357600D3" bold="true" box="[199,266,1231,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hosts</emphasis>
|
||
. Hosts are known only for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFD8E008136A800D3" box="[570,724,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFD8E008136A800D3" box="[570,724,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was reared once from eggs of an unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFF2300A535FC0136" authority="Serville" authorityName="Serville" box="[151,384,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Orchelimum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFF2300A5355E0136" box="[151,290,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orchelimum</emphasis>
|
||
Serville
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFE3B00A536730136" box="[399,527,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFDAD00A536D20136" box="[537,686,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (greater meadow katydids) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFBA000A430C40137" box="[1044,1208,1269,1292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Daucus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFBA000A430C40137" box="[1044,1208,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Daucus carota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFB5200A5312E0136" box="[1254,1362,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (wild carrot).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE0FFFBFF73016D35100313" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3CD9FFE0FFFBFF73016D37C40233" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325429" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" location="Afrotropical" municipality="Neotropical" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="10" stateProvince="Mexico">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFF73016D367D016E" bold="true" box="[199,513,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E94E08FFE0FFFBFF73016D3548016E" box="[199,308,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diversity</collectingCounty>
|
||
and distribution
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFDA6016D36FF016E" box="[530,643,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFDA6016D36FF016E" box="[530,643,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BECACFEFFE0FFFBFCD1016D3795016E" box="[869,1001,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Neotropical</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFB91016D30CC016E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFB91016D30CC016E" box="[1061,1200,1340,1365]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="Afrotropical" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">Afrotropical</location>
|
||
regions (Maps 1, 2) except for a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFE67013136120143" box="[467,622,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFE67013136120143" box="[467,622,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in northeastern USA (Map 1A), though it is possible that the northern limits of at least one
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFE2601D5366A01A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFE2601D5366A01A6" box="[402,534,1412,1437]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="Neotropical" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">Neotropical</location>
|
||
species may extend into southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207614FFE0FFFBFC6C01D5306C01A7" box="[984,1040,1412,1436]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFB2801D4317401A7" box="[1180,1288,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFB2801D4317401A7" box="[1180,1288,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFA9701D5310C01A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFA9701D5310C01A6" box="[1315,1392,1412,1437]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="Within" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">Within</location>
|
||
the
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFF2301F6351201FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFF2301F6351201FB" box="[151,366,1447,1472]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="Neotropical region" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">Neotropical region</location>
|
||
, species are known from southernmost
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3F866FFE0FFFBFC8401F637F901FB" box="[816,901,1447,1472]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE0FFFBFC2301F637A601FB" box="[919,986,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) through
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3F866FFE0FFFBFBD401F630CF01FB" box="[1120,1203,1447,1472]" country="Botswana" name="Central" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFB5F01F631E401FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFB5F01F631E401FB" box="[1259,1432,1447,1472]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="South America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">South America</location>
|
||
, but not the islands of the
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFE1B019C364D01DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFE1B019C364D01DE" box="[431,561,1484,1509]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="West Indies" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">West Indies</location>
|
||
other than
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFD1B019D377201DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFD1B019D377201DE" box="[687,782,1484,1509]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="Trinidad" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">Trinidad</location>
|
||
(Maps 1B–H, 2A–C).
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFBBA019D305701DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFBBA019D305701DE" box="[1038,1067,1484,1509]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="Of" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">Of</location>
|
||
the 12 species recorded from the
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFF2301BE35110233" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFF2301BE35110233" box="[151,365,1519,1544]" country="United States of America" county="Diversity" municipality="Neotropical" name="Neotropical region" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Mexico">Neotropical region</location>
|
||
, only 3 are represented by more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D31FD0DFFE0FFFBFCA801A137C40233" box="[796,952,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3CD9FFE0FFFBFC7001A135100313" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325437" country="Costa Rica" location="Afrotropical region" municipality="Afrotropical region" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCount="1">
|
||
A total of 7 of the 12 species, 5 uniquely, are known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207614FFE0FFFBFEE7024535AD0216" box="[339,465,1556,1581]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This comparatively large number of species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207614FFE0FFFBFBA5024530F00216" box="[1041,1164,1556,1581]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
undoubtedly reflects, at least in part, the greater collecting efforts in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207614FFE0FFFBFD2702693772026B" box="[659,782,1591,1616]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
in modern times and the ready availability of specimens. Within the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BECACFEFFE0FFFBFEA1020D358D024E" box="[277,497,1628,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Afrotropical region</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, species are currently known only from south of about 10°S (Map 2D), though this likely is an artefact of collecting and specimen availability. Four of the five species recorded from the
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFAA6022E34A30286" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE0FFFBFAA6022E34A30286" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Afrotropical region" name="Afrotropical region" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Afrotropical region</location>
|
||
are known from less than ten specimens and only one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFCC302F4306A0286" box="[887,1046,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFCC302F4306A0286" box="[887,1046,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is recorded from more than one country. It therefore seems inevitable that more extensive collecting in both the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions will not only enlarge the known ranges of the currently described species, but result in other, if not many other, new species.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFE0FFF9FF73036531E00046" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE0FFF8FF730365370205CE" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFF73036536DE0376" bold="true" box="[199,674,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Generic limits and species relationships</emphasis>
|
||
. FEMALES.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE0FFFBFCF5036537980376" author="Gibson" box="[833,996,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a comparative description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFF2303063574034B" box="[151,264,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFF2303063574034B" box="[151,264,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
relative to other eupelmine genera based on females, but this did not include features of what is here described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFE8C032C35B803AE" box="[312,452,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFE8C032C35B803AE" box="[312,452,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This newly described species is classified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE0FFFBFBBD032D300603AE" box="[1033,1146,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE0FFFBFBBD032D300603AE" box="[1033,1146,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based primarily on the combination of female brachyptery and pronotal structure, though the pronotal collar is unusual in having the anterior margin most distinctly angulate or protuberant anteromedially on either side of the mediolongitudinal furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FF4204C63503048B" box="[246,383,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 12, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) rather than anterolaterally (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FCB104C6372C048B" box="[773,848,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FCD504C93703048B" box="[865,895,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FC3B04C937D3048B" box="[911,943,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">47</figureCitation>
|
||
). As such, the dorsal surface is shallowly concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FEB704ED352B04EE" box="[259,343,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in other species it is flat, even if sometimes it is inclined on either side of the furrow. Except for the absence of a transverse line of dark setae on the ridge that delineates the collar from the neck, the pronotal structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FE360554367A0526" box="[386,518,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FE360554367A0526" box="[386,518,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite similar to that of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FCCD0555379B0526" box="[889,999,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eupelmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FCCD0555379B0526" box="[889,999,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eupelmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FC4C055430980526" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" box="[1016,1252,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Macroneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FC4C055430FF0527" box="[1016,1155,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Macroneura</emphasis>
|
||
Dalman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) females, which was described as character state 15(4) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FD3B05763746057B" author="Gibson" box="[655,826,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FC220576307B057B" box="[918,1031,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FC220576307B057B" box="[918,1031,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have a pronotal structure described as character state 15(2), and as either substate 2a or 2b depending on whether the anterolateral corners are right-angled (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FE24053E35A505B3" box="[400,473,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FE530521367805B3" box="[487,516,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21</figureCitation>
|
||
) or more cone-like protuberant (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FC05053E307505B3" box="[945,1033,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 47</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FBA20521303F05B3" box="[1046,1091,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">120</figureCitation>
|
||
), respectively. These different pronotal structures were hypothesized to have been derived from a strongly transverse pronotum without a distinctly differentiated collar and neck (character 15, state 1), which is possessed by females of many eupelmine genera, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FED4058C364D05CF" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[352,561,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Brasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FED4058C35B805CF" box="[352,452,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brasema</emphasis>
|
||
Cameron
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FD69058D370D05CE" author="Gibson" box="[733,881,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE3FFF8FF7305AE3122009B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Syntergal structure is even more unusual for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FD74065137390623" box="[704,837,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FD74065137390623" box="[704,837,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FC2F05AE30700623" box="[923,1036,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FC2F05AE30700623" box="[923,1036,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Except for this species, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FF23067535740606" box="[151,264,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FF23067535740606" box="[151,264,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the syntergum tapered into a posteriorly rounded or angulate region that often is lighter in color and/or translucent, but at least is bare beyond subapical setae whose apices extend only slightly beyond the posterior margin (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FE27063D358406BF" box="[403,504,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 99 – 100" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1143,1166]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,697,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[222,1365,697,1123]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 99 – 100. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 99, antenna [insert: mandibles (2016 - 88)]. 100, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (2016 - 87)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828817/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 100</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FDB0063D364C06BE" box="[516,560,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">164</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FD89063D361706BF" box="[573,619,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 185 – 193" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[223,1363,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 185 – 193. Ooderella kenyaensis n. sp. ♀. 185 – 188, holotype: 185, head, frontal; 186, head and pronotum, dorsal; 187, lateral habitus; 188, mesosoma, dorsal. 189 – 192, 2016 - 95: 189, pronotum and mesoscutum; 190, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 191, antenna; 192, mandibles. 193, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828837/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">193</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apical region is sometimes also variably abruptly recurved from a more convex or inclined basal region into a narrower and/or horizontal syntergal flange
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FBCD06C030CB0693" box="[1145,1207,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FB0B06DE311E0693" author="Gibson" box="[1215,1378,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FF2306E5348706F6" box="[151,251,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 164</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FEBD06E5354A06F7" box="[265,310,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">184</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FEF606E5350C06F7" box="[322,368,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">204</figureCitation>
|
||
). This
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8826FFE3FFF8FE0B06E4359306F6" box="[447,495,693,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of syntergum (character 39, state 3) was stated as diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FB6206E5313B06F6" box="[1238,1351,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FB6206E5313B06F6" box="[1238,1351,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 16 other eupelmine genera that were hypothesized to form a monophyletic clade based on this shared structure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FF2A06AD35E1072F" author="Gibson" box="[158,413,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995, fig. 410</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The syntergum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FD3406AC3779072E" box="[640,773,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FD3406AC3779072E" box="[640,773,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by being uniformly dark and evenly tapered in one plane to a transverse posterior margin, and with a row of dark setae along the posterior margin that project conspicuously beyond the margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FD90071536D40767" box="[548,680,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 14, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). This latter structure (character 39, state 1) and setal pattern were hypothesized as the groundplan states of the syntergum for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FCEA0736379807BB" box="[862,996,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FBAC073630BE07BB" author="Gibson" box="[1048,1218,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (2017) Synonymy of Reikosiella Yoshimoto under Merostenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a checklist of world species and a revision of those species with brachypterous females. Zootaxa, 4255 (1), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2017">Gibson (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the syntergal structures and setal patterns of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FD8A07DD36D3079E" box="[574,687,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FD8A07DD36D3079E" box="[574,687,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as derived states that evolved through secondary development of the cuticle behind the apical-most line of setae characteristic of character state 39(1). The selective pressure for evolving and the functional advantage of having a flanged syntergum are unknown, as is the number of times similar structures may have evolved convergently. However, the putatively plesiomorphic non-flanged structure is possessed by females of some species of several eupelmine genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FC03004D30D2000F" author="Gibson" box="[951,1198,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995, table 1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FF23001034870063" box="[151,251,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Brasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FF23001034870063" box="[151,251,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FE18006E363C0063" author="Gibson" box="[428,576,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a genus that is by far most highly speciose and diverse in the New World. This latter genus is not defined by any autapomorphies and very possibly is paraphyletic relative to some other recognized genera such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FE7700D636BA009B" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[451,710,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Zaischnopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FE7700D63629009B" box="[451,597,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Zaischnopsis</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FCD500D9301B009B" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[865,1127,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Anastatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FCD500D937B300A4" box="[865,975,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anastatus</emphasis>
|
||
Motschulsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FBC100D63176009B" author="Gibson" box="[1141,1290,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE3FFF8FF7300FD3518026B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FEFB00FC35AA00FE" box="[335,470,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FEFB00FC35AA00FE" box="[335,470,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have the least reduced wings within the genus. The fore wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FB4600FD310A00FE" box="[1266,1398,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) is right-angle bent near the posterior of the mesosoma, with the basal portion consisting of a setose basal cell behind the costal cell, and the apical portion beyond the bend constituting the setose disc. The wing also retains the typical chalcid vein complex consisting of a submarginal, long marginal, stigmal, and postmarginal vein. The fore wings of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FEC4016D359C016E" box="[368,480,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FEC4016D359C016E" box="[368,480,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extend at most only slightly beyond the base of the gaster and the venation either is reduced to just the submarginal vein or there are at most short remnants of the other veins (see further below). Similarly reduced fore wings to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FDDB01D4368901A6" box="[623,757,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FDDB01D4368901A6" box="[623,757,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are possessed by females of some other eupelmine genera, including many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FED701F636FD01FB" authority="(Macroneura)" baseAuthorityName="Macroneura" box="[355,641,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eupelmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FED701F635AD01FB" box="[355,465,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Eupelmus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FE5901F8360401FB" box="[493,632,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Macroneura</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and at least one undescribed Neotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FA8501F831E901FB" box="[1329,1429,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Brasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FA8501F831E901FB" box="[1329,1429,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly, both
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8826FFE3FFF8FED9019C35D401DE" box="[365,424,1485,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of fore wing rudiments occur also in different species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FB89019C303201DF" box="[1085,1102,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FBDC019C308F01DF" box="[1128,1267,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Macroneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FBDC019C308F01DF" box="[1128,1267,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Macroneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), some having the fore wings abruptly bent upwards near the posterior of the mesosoma as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FBA401A130E90233" box="[1040,1173,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FBA401A130E90233" box="[1040,1173,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some having more severely reduced wings that extend flat over the mesosoma as for females of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FB7C024531450216" box="[1224,1337,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FB7C024531450216" box="[1224,1337,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FAFD024534AF026B" author="Gibson" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1990) Revision of the genus Macroneura Walker in America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 122, 837 - 873." type="journal article" year="1990">Gibson 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE3FFF8FF6902693524026B" author="Fusu" box="[221,344,1592,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Fusu, L. (2017) An integrative taxonomic study of European Eupelmus (Macroneura) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), with a molecular and cytogenetic analysis of Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis: several species hiding under one name for 240 years. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. [in press]" type="book chapter" year="2017">Fusu 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE3FFF8FF73020D31E003E7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Compared to some other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FDEC020D36B5024E" box="[600,713,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FDEC020D36B5024E" box="[600,713,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FCE0020C37A4024E" box="[852,984,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FCE0020C37A4024E" box="[852,984,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have relatively plesiomorphic head structures, including the head in lateral view being comparatively lowly convex with the anterior surface evenly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FF4002F5353A0287" box="[244,326,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), and in frontal view the scrobal depression being bell-shaped because of slightly incurved lateral margins that distinguish distinct parascrobal regions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FD4A0296372F02DB" box="[766,851,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) (character 6, state 1). The frontovertex also lacks ocellocular marks (character 9, state 1), even though the frons is comparatively smooth and shiny with only fine coriaceous sculpture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FE22035E365F0313" box="[406,547,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 10, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finally, the antenna has a tubular, uniformly thick, slightly curved scape (character 5, state 1) and a comparatively short-clavate flagellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FC3F036537A20377" box="[907,990,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) as compared to most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FA90036531E80376" box="[1316,1428,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FA90036531E80376" box="[1316,1428,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The acropleuron is also completely bare (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FDCE030636B2034B" box="[634,718,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the mesoscutum lacks distinctly denser regions of white lanceolate setae posteriorly or anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FDC5032D36BA03AE" box="[625,710,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). All of these features are hypothesized as likely plesiomorphic compared to other states exhibited by females of some other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FCFD03F137C50382" box="[841,953,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FCFD03F137C50382" box="[841,953,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Of uncertain polarity is that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE3FFF8FA3503F0348503E6" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FA3503F0348503E6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mesoscutal lateral lobes are carinately angled along their entire length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE3FFF8FB3C0395309C03E6" box="[1160,1248,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Except for
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE3FFF8FA35039431E003E7" box="[1409,1436,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE2FFF9FF2304C63115065B" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FF2304C63567048B" box="[151,283,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FF2304C63567048B" box="[151,283,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FEDA04C635A3048B" box="[366,479,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FEDA04C635A3048B" box="[366,479,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the mesoscutal lateral lobes carinately angled only within about the posterior third or less. Based on its atypical pronotal and syntergal structures as well as the combination of other putatively plesiomorphic features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FE1B04B1364404C3" box="[431,568,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FE1B04B1364404C3" box="[431,568,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could possibly represent an unusually modified brachypterous species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FF23055434870527" box="[151,251,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Brasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FF23055434870527" box="[151,251,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a secondarily modified pronotal structure that is only superficially similar (convergent) to that characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FEEB057635B3057B" box="[351,463,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FEEB057635B3057B" box="[351,463,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus be incorrectly classified to genus. However, propodeal structure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FA3505793485055E" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FA3505793485055E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not support such a hypothesis. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FC99051C37ED055F" box="[813,913,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Brasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FC99051C37ED055F" box="[813,913,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a variably long but broad, flat to lowly convex plical region that is differentiated from the callar regions by comparatively obscure subparallel furrows closer to the spiracles than to the midline (character 27, state 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FC0C05C5302F0596" author="Gibson" box="[952,1107,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 217–221), which was hypothesized as similar to the groundplan structure of the subfamily. Propodeal structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FB0D05E9314305EB" box="[1209,1343,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FB0D05E9314305EB" box="[1209,1343,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite different, the propodeum having quite deep, anteriorly convergent depressions along the foramen that differentiate conspicuously convex callar regions from a medially inclined, short and narrow, somewhat bowtie-like plical region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FF45067535390606" box="[241,325,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) (character 27, state 4). Although propodeal structures of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FB9B067530DC0606" box="[1071,1184,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FB9B067530DC0606" box="[1071,1184,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are quite diverse, the structures are variably similar to, and could be derived from, an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FCD206193796065B" box="[870,1002,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FCD206193796065B" box="[870,1002,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like structure (see further below),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE2FFF9FF73063C31E00046" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Even excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FE3C063C366E06BE" box="[392,530,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FE3C063C366E06BE" box="[392,530,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FD91063D36EA06BE" box="[549,662,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FD91063D36EA06BE" box="[549,662,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusually diverse in some other features. Both sexes of most eupelmine genera usually have mandibles that can be assigned quite readily to one of two structures—three similar teeth (tridentate: character 1, state 1) or with a single ventroapical tooth and a broad, truncate to shallowly concave dorsoapical margin (bidentate: character 1, state 2a). Different species or even different females of the same species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FF0106AD3559072E" box="[181,293,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FF0106AD3559072E" box="[181,293,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit variably distinctly bidentate to tridentate mandibles, the difference resulting from how deeply incurved is the apical margin above the acute ventral tooth and whether the emargination is evenly incurved (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FF23071534970767" box="[151,235,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 23</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FF43071535680766" box="[247,276,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">35</figureCitation>
|
||
) or angularly incised to differentiate two more acutely angled teeth (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FBF4071530FF0766" box="[1088,1155,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibular structure is not clearly visible in most available females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FD600739372207BB" box="[724,862,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FD600739372207BB" box="[724,862,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there appears to be only one distinct tooth ventroapically plus a broad, truncate margin dorsoapically that at least sometimes is obscurely differentiated into two blunt teeth by a slight depression or transverse furrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FC3B07FE379107F3" box="[911,1005,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
: insert). Tridentate mandibles were hypothesized as the groundplan structure for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FD790785372F07D6" box="[717,851,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FC250785304207D6" author="Gibson" box="[913,1086,980,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and bidentate mandibles as apomorphic, and possibly correlated with egg parasitoidism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FCF907A6379F002B" author="Gibson" box="[845,995,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2016). Mandibular structure is clearly visible in only one female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FE52004C36FD000F" box="[486,641,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FE52004C36FD000F" box="[486,641,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a putative egg parasitoid. Each mandible is quite distinctly tridentate because the emargination dorsal to the ventral tooth is angular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FCD6006E37DB0063" box="[866,935,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, additional females with exposed mandibles are needed to determine whether there is intraspecific variation, similar to some other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FB79003531420046" box="[1229,1342,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FB79003531420046" box="[1229,1342,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFE2FFF6FF7300D6358305EB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE2FFF9FF7300D630AB033E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FF7300D63544009B" ID-CoL="68JD" box="[199,312,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FF7300D63544009B" box="[199,312,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also unusual in that females of some species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FC6B00D9301A009B" box="[991,1126,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FC6B00D9301A009B" box="[991,1126,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have the gaster uniformly dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FF6D00FD352000FF" box="[217,348,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 14, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) (character 42, state 1), whereas in others it is variably paler to white dorsally and/or ventrally, most commonly subbasally (character 42, state 2). This latter, derived state is perhaps most characteristic of females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FEAC00A535FA0130" ID-CoL="V9P" box="[280,390,1268,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Anastatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FEAC00A535FA0130" box="[280,390,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Anastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although it is also known for at least some species of several other genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FAB500A5349E010B" author="Gibson" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995, table 1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), particularly species with banded fore wings.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FD40014637F5010B" author="Smith" box="[756,905,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Smith, K. G. (1969) The Empididae of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 19, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1969">Smith (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided line drawings and commented on the similarity between females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FE58016D373E016E" ID-CoL="54CFS" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[492,834,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Tachydromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lilaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FE58016D3684016E" box="[492,760,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tachydromia lilaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Smith
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FCE5016D37D7016E" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[849,939,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FC02016D304D016E" ID-CoL="9NM" box="[950,1073,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Empididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FBC4016C34840143" ID-CoL="3CLJ9" authority="Risbec" authorityName="Risbec" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eupelmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orthopterae" subGenus="Eupelmus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FBC4016C30FD016F" box="[1136,1153,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FB2D016D317B016E" box="[1177,1287,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eupelmus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FAAC016D31E0016E" box="[1304,1436,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">orthopterae</emphasis>
|
||
(Risbec)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which have banded fore wings and are found in the same habitat. He suggested mimicry for the similarly banded wings, stating that the “egg-hunting Chalcid and the prey-hunting Empid would tend to exhibit a similar behavioural pattern and the banded wings, folded over the back would protect both in breaking up the insect outline which in their rather vulnerable position on lichen-covered boulders would give protection from would-be predators” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FEA801BE35AF0233" author="Smith" box="[284,467,1519,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Smith, K. G. (1969) The Empididae of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum, 19, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1969">Smith 1969: 75</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both the abdomen of the empid and the gaster of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FB9E01A030B30233" ID-CoL="3CLJ9" box="[1066,1231,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eupelmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orthopterae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FB9E01A030B30233" box="[1066,1231,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. orthopterae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are entirely dark. However, a white region basally to subbasally on the gaster of species with banded wings likely further visually emphasizes ‘breaking up’ of the habitus into two apparent body regions, regardless of how the wings are held at rest. Such a light-colored region appears to be prone to evolve also in brachypterous females. For example, the brachypterous females of
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FE0D02D035B602A3" box="[441,458,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FE5502D0361002A3" box="[481,620,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Macroneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FE5502D0361002A3" box="[481,620,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Macroneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) much more commonly have the gaster white ventrobasally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FAAF02D131E802A3" author="Fusu" box="[1307,1428,1664,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Fusu, L. (2017) An integrative taxonomic study of European Eupelmus (Macroneura) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eupelmidae), with a molecular and cytogenetic analysis of Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis: several species hiding under one name for 240 years. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. [in press]" type="book chapter" year="2017">Fusu 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) than the macropterous females of
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FD8002F436390287" box="[564,581,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FDD002F536AE0286" ID-CoL="4G85" box="[612,722,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eupelmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FDD002F536AE0286" box="[612,722,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eupelmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE2FFF9FD4502F537890286" author="Gibson" box="[753,1013,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. & Fusu, L. (2016) Revision of the Palaearctic species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Zootaxa, 4081 (1), 1 - 331." type="journal article" year="2016">Gibson & Fusu 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as do brachypterous compared to macropterous females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FE0C0298366002DB" ID-CoL="62GQZ" box="[440,540,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Brasema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FE0C0298366002DB" box="[440,540,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(personal observation). This disruptive color pattern in brachypterous females could also provide some protection against predators while exposed on plants or other substrates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE2FFF6FF73035E358305EB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FF73035E35440313" ID-CoL="68JD" box="[199,312,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FF73035E35440313" box="[199,312,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species also have quite diverse female propodeal structures, although as noted above at least all New World species share structures that might be derived from an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FCE0036437A50376" box="[852,985,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FCE0036437A50376" box="[852,985,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like propodeum. Unstated in the above description of the propodeum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE2FFF9FDB8030936ED034B" box="[524,657,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE2FFF9FDB8030936ED034B" box="[524,657,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that the posterior margin is carinate laterally, but near the midline each carina curves anteriorly, sinuately, to form a short median carina anteriorly. However, there is a triangular region of lighter-colored cuticle between the carina on either side behind the median carina so that the posterior margin is evenly, Π-like incurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE2FFF9FDAF0395361203E6" box="[539,622,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of the other New World species also have the posterior margin of the propodeum sinuately incurved on either side of the midline to form variably long contiguous margins or a median carina, but without any intervening cuticle posteriorly (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FC1204ED378C04EF" box="[934,1008,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FBB404ED306204EE" box="[1024,1054,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 – 62" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[225,1361,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 54 – 62. Ooderella microptera n. sp., holotype ♀: 54, head, frontal; 55, head, lateral; 56, head and pronotum, dorsal; 57, lateral habitus; 58, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 59, pronotum and mesoscutum; 60, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 61, mesosoma, lateral; 62, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">60</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FB9904ED303104EF" box="[1069,1101,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 98" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[225,1361,193,1771]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 98. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 90 – 93, 2016 - 86: 90, head, frontal; 91, head, lateral; 92, head and pronotum, dorsal; 93, lateral habitus. 94, lateral habitus (2015 - 4). 95, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 86). 96 & 97, 2015 - 4: 96, pronotum and mesoscutum; 97, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 98, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 86)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">97</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of all Afrotropical species have the posterior propodeal margin evenly incurved, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FC2904B1303A04C3" box="[925,1094,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FC2904B1303A04C3" box="[925,1094,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FBE1048E30C904C3" box="[1109,1205,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 183</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FB4104B131E704C3" box="[1269,1435,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FB4104B131E704C3" box="[1269,1435,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FF2B0555357B0527" box="[159,263,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 202</figureCitation>
|
||
) there is a variably distinct ^-like region of differentiated cuticle posteromedially similar to the posteromedial propodeal region of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FD8C057936BE057B" box="[568,706,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FD8C057936BE057B" box="[568,706,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two of the five Afrotropical species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FB2A05793142057B" box="[1182,1342,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FB2A05793142057B" box="[1182,1342,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FA350579348B055F" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FA350579348B055F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have the foramen incurved almost to the medially emarginate anterior margin such that the plical region is transverse-lunate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FE31053E359005B3" box="[389,492,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 162</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FE4F0521365405B3" box="[507,552,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 165 – 173" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[225,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 165 – 173. Ooderella capensis n. sp. ♀. 165, head, frontal (2016 - 94). 166 – 173, 2016 - 93: 166, head, lateral; 167, head and pronotum, dorsal; 168, lateral habitus; 169, antenna [insert: mandibles (2016 - 94)]; 170, pronotum and mesoscutum; 171, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 172, mesosoma, lateral; 173, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828833/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">171</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas two others (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FC85052137A005B3" box="[817,988,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FC85052137A005B3" box="[817,988,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FBAC052130BD05B3" box="[1048,1217,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FBAC052130BD05B3" box="[1048,1217,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have a somewhat longer but still relatively short plical region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FD2005C536860597" box="[660,762,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 183</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCB305C537490597" box="[775,821,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">202</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FCCD05C430690596" box="[889,1045,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FCCD05C430690596" box="[889,1045,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. kenyaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an unusually long propodeum with a median carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FE2405E6358F05EB" box="[400,499,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 185 – 193" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[223,1363,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 185 – 193. Ooderella kenyaensis n. sp. ♀. 185 – 188, holotype: 185, head, frontal; 186, head and pronotum, dorsal; 187, lateral habitus; 188, mesosoma, dorsal. 189 – 192, 2016 - 95: 189, pronotum and mesoscutum; 190, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 191, antenna; 192, mandibles. 193, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828837/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 190</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D650FFFEDFFF2FF73058D37A30767" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFEDFFF6FF73058D300700D3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
At least one feature could support all New World species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FC29058C305E05CE" box="[925,1058,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FC29058C305E05CE" box="[925,1058,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a monophyletic lineage within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FF2305AE35740623" box="[151,264,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FF2305AE35740623" box="[151,264,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—the presence of dense white setae anteriorly on the acropleuron and usually slightly on the mesopectus anterior of the acropleural sulcus. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FD780674372B0606" box="[716,855,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FD780674372B0606" box="[716,855,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCDA067537BB0607" box="[878,967,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) and all Afrotropical species have the acropleuron bare posterior to the extensively setose mesopectus, whereas all New World species have setae anteriorly on the acropleuron. The setae are comparatively sparse and inconspicuous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FB3C063C308706BE" box="[1160,1275,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FB3C063C308706BE" box="[1160,1275,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FAB8063D311E06BE" box="[1292,1378,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
), but form a dense tuft posterior and/or dorsal to sparser white setae on the mesopectus in other New World species (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FF2306E534A106F7" box="[151,221,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FF5E06E5357406F7" box="[234,264,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">41</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FEA006E5354F06F6" box="[276,307,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">51</figureCitation>
|
||
). A second feature that could support monophyly of all New World species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FB6106E4312506F6" box="[1237,1369,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FB6106E4312506F6" box="[1237,1369,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the presence of a differentiated region of white lanceolate setae on the mesoscutum submedially to posteromedially. The mesoscutum of females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FE4006AC3604072E" box="[500,632,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FE4006AC3604072E" box="[500,632,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has mostly inconspicuous, posteriorly directed, hairlike setae except for some anteromedially directed, slender-lanceolate white setae over about the lower half of the inclined inner surfaces of the lateral lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FE53071536420766" box="[487,574,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FD6A0714372D0766" box="[734,849,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FD6A0714372D0766" box="[734,849,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the mesoscutum inconspicuously setose with posteriorly directed hairlike setae except for a few posteriorly directed white lanceolate setae posteromedially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FADB073634CB079F" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). All other New World species have much more conspicuous, variably elongate-ovate regions of dense, lanceolate white setae posteromedially (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FD2307FE369D07F3" box="[663,737,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FD4507E1377307F3" box="[753,783,944,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCAA07E1374207F3" box="[798,830,944,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Consequently, both the acropleural and mesoscutal setal patterns could support
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FE6C0784362207D6" box="[472,606,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FE6C0784362207D6" box="[472,606,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FCEB078437AD07D6" box="[863,977,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FCEB078437AD07D6" box="[863,977,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ other New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FB0B0785315307D6" box="[1215,1327,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FB0B0785315307D6" box="[1215,1327,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the setal patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FEE807A93599002B" box="[348,485,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FEE807A93599002B" box="[348,485,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
representing the groundplan states and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FB9107A930E6002B" box="[1061,1178,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FB9107A930E6002B" box="[1061,1178,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
intermediate states in development of denser, more conspicuous tufts of setae on the acropleuron and mesoscutum in other New World species. Further, all New World species have the mesoscutal setal tufts composed of setae that are in a ‘swirled’ pattern, i.e. consisting of anteriorly directed setae anteriorly, at least a few posteriorly directed setae posteriorly, and with a few medially directed setae medially (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCBA00D63725009B" box="[782,857,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCDC00D937FA009B" box="[872,902,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FC2200D937C8009B" box="[918,948,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">40</figureCitation>
|
||
) except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FBF000D93083009B" box="[1092,1279,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FBF000D93083009B" box="[1092,1279,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FAA600D63115009B" box="[1298,1385,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FA3500D9355000FE" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FA3500D9355000FE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FE8900FD35E100FF" box="[317,413,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FE6900FC361E00FE" box="[477,610,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FE6900FC361E00FE" box="[477,610,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FDC600FD36AE00FE" box="[626,722,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 155" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[223,1363,193,1827]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 155. Ooderella thegalea n. sp., holotype ♀: 147, head, frontal; 148, head and scape, lateral; 149, head and pronotum, dorsal; 150, antenna; 151 gaster, dorsal; 152, pronotum and mesoscutum; 153, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 154, mesosoma, lateral; 155, mesosoma, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828829/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 152</figureCitation>
|
||
) in which all the setae are directed posteromedially. This latter setal pattern may support the monophyly of these latter three species (see further below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFEDFFF7FF7300A435BB0693" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
In addition to having white lanceolate setae posteromedially, several New World species have medially or posteromedially directed white lanceolate setae anteriorly on the mesoscutum on either side of the midline so as to form two, variably closely contiguous setal tufts (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCA1016D3713016E" box="[789,879,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCCA016C37E0016F" box="[894,924,1341,1364]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1895,1918]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[225,1361,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♀. 72, head, frontal (holotype); 73 – 75, 2016 - 84: 73, head, lateral; 74, head and pronotum, dorsal; 75, lateral habitus. 76, antenna (holotype) [insert: mandibles (2016 - 85)]. 77, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 84). 78, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings (holotype). 79, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 84). 80, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828811/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">77</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FC18016D37A5016F" box="[940,985,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 117" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[223,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 117. Ooderella speculifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 110, head, frontolateral; 111, head and pronotum, dorsal; 112, lateral habitus; 113, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 114, pronotum and mesoscutum; 115, axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 116, mesosoma, lateral; 117, gaster, dorsolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828821/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">114</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although females of all Afrotropical species lack as dense regions of lanceolate setae on the mesoscutum as New World species, some do have somewhat denser regions of lanceolate setae anteriorly and posteriorly. The mesoscutum is extensively setose with posteriorly directed hairlike setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FDFC01F9368901FB" box="[584,757,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FDFC01F9368901FB" box="[584,757,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCBD01F6371201FB" box="[777,878,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 180</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FC0201F9301D01FB" box="[950,1121,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FC0201F9301D01FB" box="[950,1121,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FBC101F630A001FB" box="[1141,1244,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 201</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FA3501F9356C01DE" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FA3501F9356C01DE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. kenyaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a similar setal pattern except posteriorly some setae are directed anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FB53019D31F301DF" box="[1255,1423,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 185 – 193" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[223,1363,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 185 – 193. Ooderella kenyaensis n. sp. ♀. 185 – 188, holotype: 185, head, frontal; 186, head and pronotum, dorsal; 187, lateral habitus; 188, mesosoma, dorsal. 189 – 192, 2016 - 95: 189, pronotum and mesoscutum; 190, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 191, antenna; 192, mandibles. 193, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828837/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 188, 189</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FE8B01A135A30233" box="[319,479,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FE8B01A135A30233" box="[319,479,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FE4101BE36260233" box="[501,602,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 161</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FD1101A137520233" box="[677,814,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FD1101A137520233" box="[677,814,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FCF001BE37D50233" box="[836,937,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 165 – 173" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[225,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 165 – 173. Ooderella capensis n. sp. ♀. 165, head, frontal (2016 - 94). 166 – 173, 2016 - 93: 166, head, lateral; 167, head and pronotum, dorsal; 168, lateral habitus; 169, antenna [insert: mandibles (2016 - 94)]; 170, pronotum and mesoscutum; 171, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 172, mesosoma, lateral; 173, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828833/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 170</figureCitation>
|
||
) have noticeably denser regions of white lanceolate setae both posteriorly and anteriorly, with the anterior setae directed posteriorly and uniformly distributed across the sclerite and the posterior setae directed anteriorly. The differences between the setal patterns in New World and Afrotropical species suggest that denser regions of lanceolate setae anteriorly and posteriorly on the mesoscutum evolved independently in the New World and Afrotropical region, though the selective pressure or adaptive function of such setal regions remains unknown. The groundplan state and polarity of the setal patterns in the Old World species are also uncertain, but the shared patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FC190299302402DB" box="[941,1112,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FC190299302402DB" box="[941,1112,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FB200299314102DB" box="[1172,1341,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FB200299314102DB" box="[1172,1341,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FA3502993573033E" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FA3502993573033E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FEF302BC35B7033F" box="[327,459,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FEF302BC35B7033F" box="[327,459,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, could support these as species pairs. Further, among New World species, presence of posteromedially to medially directed white setae anteriorly on the mesoscutum could support monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FA35034135510376" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FA35034135510376" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FEFB036435C60377" box="[335,442,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FEFB036435C60377" box="[335,442,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FE68036436F50376" box="[476,649,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FE68036436F50376" box="[476,649,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. speculifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FD18036437190376" box="[684,869,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FD18036437190376" box="[684,869,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FC3C0364305F0377" box="[904,1059,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FC3C0364305F0377" box="[904,1059,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FBF2036430B70376" box="[1094,1227,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FBF2036430B70376" box="[1094,1227,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, possibly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FA3503643573034B" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FA3503643573034B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FEFE030935C7034B" box="[330,443,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FEFE030935C7034B" box="[330,443,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FDE00309368C034B" box="[596,752,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FDE00309368C034B" box="[596,752,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from the first six species by having only one or two differentiated white setae that are widely separated on either side of the mesoscutal medial lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEDFFF6FB7D032D317003AE" box="[1225,1292,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEDFFF6FF2303F035740382" box="[151,264,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEDFFF6FF2303F035740382" box="[151,264,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sometimes have several such posteromedially directed setae anteriorly on the mesoscutum, but even when most numerous they do not form as conspicuous regions of differentiated setae as for the first six species, and usually are not evident without correct angle of lighting (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FCA504C637EF048B" box="[785,915,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 98" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[225,1361,193,1771]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 98. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 90 – 93, 2016 - 86: 90, head, frontal; 91, head, lateral; 92, head and pronotum, dorsal; 93, lateral habitus. 94, lateral habitus (2015 - 4). 95, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 86). 96 & 97, 2015 - 4: 96, pronotum and mesoscutum; 97, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 98, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 86)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828815/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 95, 96</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is possible that the setal patterns of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FA3504C9357304EF" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA3504C9357304EF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FEFE04EC35C604EE" box="[330,442,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FEFE04EC35C604EE" box="[330,442,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent initial stages in the evolution of more distinct setal tufts. However, the setal pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FEBB04B135D004C3" box="[271,428,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FEBB04B135D004C3" box="[271,428,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might more likely be indicated as independently derived from those of the other seven species based on females having a different head structure and sculpture pattern relative to the other species. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FEAC057935CD057B" box="[280,433,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FEAC057935CD057B" box="[280,433,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a comparatively lowly convex, lenticular head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBB00576301B057B" box="[1028,1127,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a sculptured frons that curves smoothly into the scrobal depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FD3B051D36B3055F" box="[655,719,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC15051C3059055E" box="[929,1061,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC15051C3059055E" box="[929,1061,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FB87051D30CC055F" box="[1075,1200,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see further below). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE900521359C05B3" box="[292,480,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE900521359C05B3" box="[292,480,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FE41053E363205B3" box="[501,590,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FDDC0521377705B3" box="[616,779,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FDDC0521377705B3" box="[616,779,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. microptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FCAB053E370405B3" box="[799,888,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 – 62" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[225,1361,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 54 – 62. Ooderella microptera n. sp., holotype ♀: 54, head, frontal; 55, head, lateral; 56, head and pronotum, dorsal; 57, lateral habitus; 58, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 59, pronotum and mesoscutum; 60, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 61, mesosoma, lateral; 62, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC260521378305B3" box="[914,1023,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC260521378305B3" box="[914,1023,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBA0053E301005B3" box="[1044,1132,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1895,1918]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[225,1361,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♀. 72, head, frontal (holotype); 73 – 75, 2016 - 84: 73, head, lateral; 74, head and pronotum, dorsal; 75, lateral habitus. 76, antenna (holotype) [insert: mandibles (2016 - 85)]. 77, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 84). 78, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings (holotype). 79, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 84). 80, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828811/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB320521308505B3" box="[1158,1273,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB320521308505B3" box="[1158,1273,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FABA053E311B05B3" box="[1294,1383,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 98" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[225,1361,193,1771]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 98. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 90 – 93, 2016 - 86: 90, head, frontal; 91, head, lateral; 92, head and pronotum, dorsal; 93, lateral habitus. 94, lateral habitus (2015 - 4). 95, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 86). 96 & 97, 2015 - 4: 96, pronotum and mesoscutum; 97, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 98, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 86)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828815/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FA35052135630596" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA35052135630596" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. speculifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FE8405C535EE0597" box="[304,402,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 117" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[223,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 117. Ooderella speculifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 110, head, frontolateral; 111, head and pronotum, dorsal; 112, lateral habitus; 113, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 114, pronotum and mesoscutum; 115, axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 116, mesosoma, lateral; 117, gaster, dorsolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828821/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE1D05C4361E0596" box="[425,610,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE1D05C4361E0596" box="[425,610,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FDC005C536A40597" box="[628,728,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FD5A05C437F50597" box="[750,905,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FD5A05C437F50597" box="[750,905,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FC2F05C537830597" box="[923,1023,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 137 – 146" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,375,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[223,1363,375,1912]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 137 – 146. Ooderella stenoptera n. sp., holotype ♀: 137, head, frontal; 138, head, dorsal; 139, scape, outer surface; 140, lateral habitus; 141, antenna; 142, mandibles; 143, pronotum and mesoscutum; 144, axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 145, mesosoma, lateral; 146, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828827/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FBF305C430B00596" box="[1095,1228,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FBF305C430B00596" box="[1095,1228,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FB6A05C531430597" box="[1246,1343,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 155" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[223,1363,193,1827]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 155. Ooderella thegalea n. sp., holotype ♀: 147, head, frontal; 148, head and scape, lateral; 149, head and pronotum, dorsal; 150, antenna; 151 gaster, dorsal; 152, pronotum and mesoscutum; 153, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 154, mesosoma, lateral; 155, mesosoma, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828829/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 149</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a variably more highly convex head in combination with a smooth and shiny frons that is abruptly differentiated from a strongly sculptured scrobal depression by at least the sculptural difference (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FB79058D315705CE" box="[1229,1323,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 45</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FA8A058D312105CF" box="[1342,1373,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1895,1918]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[225,1361,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♀. 72, head, frontal (holotype); 73 – 75, 2016 - 84: 73, head, lateral; 74, head and pronotum, dorsal; 75, lateral habitus. 76, antenna (holotype) [insert: mandibles (2016 - 85)]. 77, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 84). 78, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings (holotype). 79, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 84). 80, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828811/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">72</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FAC4058D31EC05CF" box="[1392,1424,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 98" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[225,1361,193,1771]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 98. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 90 – 93, 2016 - 86: 90, head, frontal; 91, head, lateral; 92, head and pronotum, dorsal; 93, lateral habitus. 94, lateral habitus (2015 - 4). 95, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 86). 96 & 97, 2015 - 4: 96, pronotum and mesoscutum; 97, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 98, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 86)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828815/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">90</figureCitation>
|
||
). Consequently, head structure/sculpture pattern may support monophyly of these eight species. If so, apparent absence of differentiated setae anteriorly from the mesoscutum of the only known female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB7D067431160607" box="[1225,1386,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB7D067431160607" box="[1225,1386,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. microptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only obscurely differentiated setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FDFD061936C6065B" box="[585,698,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FDFD061936C6065B" box="[585,698,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could represent a transformation series indicating the following relationships:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE80063C35AE06BF" box="[308,466,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE80063C35AE06BF" box="[308,466,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. microptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE4C063C361A06BE" box="[504,614,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE4C063C361A06BE" box="[504,614,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FD38063C373F06BE" box="[652,835,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FD38063C373F06BE" box="[652,835,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FCD5063C37B506BF" box="[865,969,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FCD5063C37B506BF" box="[865,969,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC51063C30F306BE" box="[997,1167,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC51063C30F306BE" box="[997,1167,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. speculifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB18063C311F06BE" box="[1196,1379,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB18063C311F06BE" box="[1196,1379,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FA35063C35710693" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA35063C35710693" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE9F06C135D10693" box="[299,429,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE9F06C135D10693" box="[299,429,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFECFFF7FF7306E530090136" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
As noted above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE3106E4367606F6" box="[389,522,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE3106E4367606F6" box="[389,522,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the putative groundplan head states for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC4906E5301106F6" box="[1021,1133,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC4906E5301106F6" box="[1021,1133,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FAB506E431E006F7" box="[1281,1436,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FAB506E431E006F7" box="[1281,1436,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FF2B0686349D06CB" box="[159,225,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FF4F0689351006CB" box="[251,364,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FF4F0689351006CB" box="[251,364,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FEC8068635AC06CB" box="[380,464,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE520689361E06CB" box="[486,610,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE520689361E06CB" box="[486,610,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hansoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FDC6068636BB06CB" box="[626,711,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FD68068937FC06CB" box="[732,896,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FD68068937FC06CB" box="[732,896,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hyalipleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FC250686379F06CB" box="[913,995,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB90068930B306CB" box="[1060,1231,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB90068930B306CB" box="[1060,1231,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. reticulifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FB540686314E06CB" box="[1248,1330,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 63 – 71" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[223,1363,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 63 – 71. Ooderella reticulifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 63, head, frontal; 64, head, lateral; 65, head and pronotum, dorsal; 66, antenna; 67, lateral habitus; 68, pronotum and mesoscutum; 69, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 70, mesosoma, lateral; 71, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
) all have the frons, at least in part, similarly sculptured as the scrobal depression, unlike the other eight New World species listed above with a smooth and shiny frons. The frons is entirely, similarly sculptured as the scrobal depression in all five of the above listed species except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FD23071437470766" box="[663,827,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FD23071437470766" box="[663,827,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hyalipleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which it is only partly sculptured in a longitudinal band below the median ocellus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FDB50736362907BB" box="[513,597,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FD5F0739372707BB" box="[747,859,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FD5F0739372707BB" box="[747,859,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differ from the other species by having a more highly convex head in combination with a scrobal depression that is deep ventrally and shallowed dorsally toward the anterior ocellus. Further, the scrobal depression is abruptly divided by a transverse depression somewhat below mid-height, which differentiates below it a distinct interantennal prominence and separate scrobe above each torulus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FF4C07A6352C002B" box="[248,336,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). This scrobal depression structure might represent an independent transformation from an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FA3507A93485000E" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA3507A93485000E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like structure or one that is intermediate in development of similar structures shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB4B004C31E0000F" box="[1279,1436,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB4B004C31E0000F" box="[1279,1436,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FF2B006E349F0063" box="[159,227,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FF4A001135000063" box="[254,380,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FF4A001135000063" box="[254,380,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hansoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FE39006E359F0063" box="[397,483,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FE4E001136DC0063" box="[506,672,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FE4E001136DC0063" box="[506,672,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hyalipleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FD06006E377A0063" box="[690,774,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FCFE0011378B0063" box="[842,1015,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FCFE0011378B0063" box="[842,1015,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. reticulifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBBD006E301C0063" box="[1033,1120,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 63 – 71" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[223,1363,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 63 – 71. Ooderella reticulifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 63, head, frontal; 64, head, lateral; 65, head and pronotum, dorsal; 66, antenna; 67, lateral habitus; 68, pronotum and mesoscutum; 69, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 70, mesosoma, lateral; 71, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of the latter four species all have a strongly, transversely Π-shaped scrobal depression that has a variably distinct transverse line of demarcation separating the scrobes and interantennal prominence below it from a reticulate and strongly though poorly differentiated dorsal portion of the scrobal depression above it. The demarcation line is most noticeable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FF230081353E00D3" box="[151,322,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FF230081353E00D3" box="[151,322,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. reticulifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where it is evident as quite a distinct transverse furrow above each scrobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FB1C009E308700D3" box="[1192,1275,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 63 – 71" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[223,1363,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 63 – 71. Ooderella reticulifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 63, head, frontal; 64, head, lateral; 65, head and pronotum, dorsal; 66, antenna; 67, lateral habitus; 68, pronotum and mesoscutum; 69, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 70, mesosoma, lateral; 71, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FA35008134990136" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA35008134990136" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FF4000A5353A0137" box="[244,326,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
), though this is less developed in the other three species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FC7E00A5306C0137" box="[970,1040,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBAB00A530410137" box="[1055,1085,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBFD00A530150136" box="[1097,1129,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFECFFF7FF730146377003AE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FEF7014935B4010B" box="[323,456,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FEF7014935B4010B" box="[323,456,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FDEC01493688010B" box="[600,756,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FDEC01493688010B" box="[600,756,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FCB701493709010B" box="[771,885,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FCB701493709010B" box="[771,885,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC300149307D010B" box="[900,1025,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC300149307D010B" box="[900,1025,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hansoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FBA5014930C9010B" box="[1041,1205,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FBA5014930C9010B" box="[1041,1205,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hyalipleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB44014931E0010B" box="[1264,1436,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB44014931E0010B" box="[1264,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. reticulifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have fore wings with the venation reduced to just the submarginal vein or at most the submarginal vein and a short remnant of the marginal/postmarginal veins apically (see Remarks section for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FBE7013130B90143" box="[1107,1221,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FBE7013130B90143" box="[1107,1221,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), plus a costal cell and at most a very short membranous region beyond the costal cell. Available females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB3501D4308E01A6" box="[1153,1266,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB3501D4308E01A6" box="[1153,1266,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to have the membrane behind the venation bare except for marginal setae in the apical half, whereas the membrane is sparsely setose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FED5019C35A101DE" box="[353,477,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FED5019C35A101DE" box="[353,477,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hansoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FE58019D364301DF" box="[492,575,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FDE7019C368A01DE" box="[595,758,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FDE7019C368A01DE" box="[595,758,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hyalipleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FCB1019D372B01DF" box="[773,855,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC21019C304301DE" box="[917,1087,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC21019C304301DE" box="[917,1087,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. reticulifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBFB019D30DC01DE" box="[1103,1184,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 63 – 71" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[223,1363,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 63 – 71. Ooderella reticulifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 63, head, frontal; 64, head, lateral; 65, head and pronotum, dorsal; 66, antenna; 67, lateral habitus; 68, pronotum and mesoscutum; 69, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 70, mesosoma, lateral; 71, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
) and densely setose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FF2301A1354D0233" box="[151,305,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FF2301A1354D0233" box="[151,305,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FEF401BE35F80233" box="[320,388,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), but without any apparent discal region. Except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC6001A130240233" box="[980,1112,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC6001A130240233" box="[980,1112,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBD301BE30940233" box="[1127,1256,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 14, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), females of the above species also have the gaster variably paler basally or subbasally dorsally and/or ventrally. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FA3502443573026B" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA3502443573026B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the gaster paler basally but still brownish to yellowish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FB8F026630D4026B" box="[1083,1192,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FA9C026931E0026B" box="[1320,1436,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA9C026931E0026B" box="[1320,1436,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
uniquely has the gaster more or less unicolorous dorsally but almost entirely white ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FB52020D3143024F" box="[1254,1343,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
: insert). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FEAA02D135E002A3" box="[286,412,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FEAA02D135E002A3" box="[286,412,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hansoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FE1A022E367F02A3" box="[430,515,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FDAE02D136BC02A3" box="[538,704,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FDAE02D136BC02A3" box="[538,704,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hyalipleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FD65022E372A02A3" box="[721,854,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 41, 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC2E02D1303B02A3" box="[922,1095,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC2E02D1303B02A3" box="[922,1095,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. reticulifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FBEC022E30A102A3" box="[1112,1245,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 63 – 71" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[223,1363,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 63 – 71. Ooderella reticulifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 63, head, frontal; 64, head, lateral; 65, head and pronotum, dorsal; 66, antenna; 67, lateral habitus; 68, pronotum and mesoscutum; 69, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 70, mesosoma, lateral; 71, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 67, 71</figureCitation>
|
||
) have the gaster dorsally whitish subbasally as well as ventrobasally, which might support the monophyly of these three species, though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FF59029935E602DB" box="[237,410,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FF59029935E602DB" box="[237,410,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. speculifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a gaster that is white ventrobasally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FC110296303902DB" box="[933,1093,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 117" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[223,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 117. Ooderella speculifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 110, head, frontolateral; 111, head and pronotum, dorsal; 112, lateral habitus; 113, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 114, pronotum and mesoscutum; 115, axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 116, mesosoma, lateral; 117, gaster, dorsolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828821/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 112, 117</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB550299312102DB" box="[1249,1373,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hansoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB550299312102DB" box="[1249,1373,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hansoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FADA029634CA033F" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 34" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[192,1392,197,1555]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 34. Ooderella hansoni n. sp., holotype ♀: 28, head, frontolateral; 29, antenna and head, dorsolateral [insert: head, lateral]; 30, lateral habitus; 31, dorsal habitus; 32, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 33, pronotum and mesoscutum; 34, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828801/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FF7802BC350D033E" box="[204,369,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipleura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FF7802BC350D033E" box="[204,369,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. hyalipleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FE3602BD35A9033F" box="[386,469,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 – 44" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1937,1960]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[224,1363,373,1916]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 35 – 44. Ooderella hyalipleura n. sp. ♀. 35 & 36, head: 35, frontal (holotype); 36, lateral (2016 - 82). 37, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 82). 38, lateral habitus (holotype). 39 & 40, 2016 - 82: 39, antenna; 40, mesoscutum to propodeum. 41, mesosoma, lateral (holotype). 42 – 44, 2016 - 82: 42, fore wing; 43, gaster, dorsal; 44, syntergum, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FDA302BC36BE033E" box="[535,706,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FDA302BC36BE033E" box="[535,706,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. reticulifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FD6002BD375B033E" box="[724,807,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 63 – 71" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[223,1363,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 63 – 71. Ooderella reticulifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 63, head, frontal; 64, head, lateral; 65, head and pronotum, dorsal; 66, antenna; 67, lateral habitus; 68, pronotum and mesoscutum; 69, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 70, mesosoma, lateral; 71, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
) also share long ovipositor sheaths, though the sheaths project quite conspicuously also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FD95034136EC0313" box="[545,656,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FD95034136EC0313" box="[545,656,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. flavida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FD2B035E36880313" box="[671,756,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 27" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,195,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[223,1363,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 27. Ooderella flavida n. sp., holotype ♀: 19, head, frontolateral; 20; head, lateral; 21, head and pronotum, dorsal; 22, lateral habitus [insert: gaster, lateral (2016 - 81)]; 23, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 24, pronotum and mesoscutum; 25, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 26, mesosoma, lateral; 27, gaster, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828797/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of the former three species also have a propodeum that is only comparatively sparsely setose with slender, more hairlike setae posterolaterally. Although a relative feature, other species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FDB1030936F6034B" box="[517,650,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FDB1030936F6034B" box="[517,650,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFECFFF7FD2E03063691034B" box="[666,749,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 18" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[193,1391,193,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[192,1392,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 18. Ooderella ambigua n. sp. ♀. 10 & 11, head: 10, frontolateral (2016 - 77); 11, lateral (holotype). 12, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 13, antenna [insert: mandibles] (2016 - 78). 14 & 15, holotype: 14, lateral habitus; 15, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 16 – 18, 2016 - 77: 16, propodeum, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, lateral; 18, gaster, dorsal [insert: syntergum, dorsal]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828795/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), have more conspicuous, slender-lanceolate white setae that often form quite a dense region posterior to the spiracle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFECFFF7FF7303F131E003E7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Relationships among the group of eight New World species united by a smooth and shiny frons plus a comparatively highly convex head (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FD8F0394368A03E6" box="[571,758,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FD8F0394368A03E6" box="[571,758,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FCBC039437D603E7" box="[776,938,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FCBC039437D603E7" box="[776,938,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. microptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FC080394305503E7" box="[956,1065,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FC080394305503E7" box="[956,1065,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB8F039430D203E6" box="[1083,1198,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB8F039430D203E6" box="[1083,1198,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFECFFF7FB740394311303E6" box="[1216,1391,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FB740394311303E6" box="[1216,1391,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O. speculifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFECFFF7FA35039431E003E7" box="[1409,1436,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFEFFFF4FF2304C6308A000E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FF2304C63550048B" box="[151,300,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FF2304C63550048B" box="[151,300,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FEF804C9358A048B" box="[332,502,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FEF804C9358A048B" box="[332,502,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FDE504C93699048B" box="[593,741,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FDE504C93699048B" box="[593,741,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) remain largely unresolved. All share one putative symplesiomorphy—ovipositor sheaths that project only slightly beyond the syntergum, and except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FA3504EC356304C3" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FA3504EC356304C3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. speculifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
one other putative symplesiomorphy—an entirely dark gaster. All except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FB2604B1308704C3" box="[1170,1275,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FB2604B1308704C3" box="[1170,1275,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FAB8048E312204C3" box="[1292,1374,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1895,1918]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[225,1361,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♀. 72, head, frontal (holotype); 73 – 75, 2016 - 84: 73, head, lateral; 74, head and pronotum, dorsal; 75, lateral habitus. 76, antenna (holotype) [insert: mandibles (2016 - 85)]. 77, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 84). 78, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings (holotype). 79, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 84). 80, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828811/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
) also share one putative apomorphy—a fore wing having the membrane behind the submarginal vein bare. As discussed above, differences in development of differentiated setae anteriorly on the mesoscutum could indicate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FA350579356F055F" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FA350579356F055F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. microptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FEFC051C35C4055E" box="[328,440,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FEFC051C35C4055E" box="[328,440,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent basal clades of the group. However, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FB8B051C30D1055E" box="[1087,1197,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FB8B051C30D1055E" box="[1087,1197,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FB0F051C310E055E" box="[1211,1394,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FB0F051C310E055E" box="[1211,1394,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FA35051C355005B3" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FA35051C355005B3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FED00521359B05B3" box="[356,487,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FED00521359B05B3" box="[356,487,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have slightly different head shapes than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FBA1052130CF05B3" box="[1045,1203,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FBA1052130CF05B3" box="[1045,1203,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. microptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FB750521311005B3" box="[1217,1388,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FB750521311005B3" box="[1217,1388,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. speculifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FF2305C4354E0597" box="[151,306,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FF2305C4354E0597" box="[151,306,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. stenoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In lateral view, the first four species have a somewhat more highly convex head such that this is broadest dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FEDC05E635BC05EB" box="[360,448,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 46</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FE7905E9359705EB" box="[461,491,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 98" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[225,1361,193,1771]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 98. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 90 – 93, 2016 - 86: 90, head, frontal; 91, head, lateral; 92, head and pronotum, dorsal; 93, lateral habitus. 94, lateral habitus (2015 - 4). 95, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 86). 96 & 97, 2015 - 4: 96, pronotum and mesoscutum; 97, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 98, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 86)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828815/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">91</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FE4C05E9365805EB" box="[504,548,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">119</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD8405E9362105EB" box="[560,605,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 155" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[223,1363,193,1827]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 155. Ooderella thegalea n. sp., holotype ♀: 147, head, frontal; 148, head and scape, lateral; 149, head and pronotum, dorsal; 150, antenna; 151 gaster, dorsal; 152, pronotum and mesoscutum; 153, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 154, mesosoma, lateral; 155, mesosoma, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828829/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">148</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the last three species have the head broadest within the ventral half or close to the middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FE6A058D364405CE" box="[478,568,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 54 – 62" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[225,1361,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 54 – 62. Ooderella microptera n. sp., holotype ♀: 54, head, frontal; 55, head, lateral; 56, head and pronotum, dorsal; 57, lateral habitus; 58, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 59, pronotum and mesoscutum; 60, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 61, mesosoma, lateral; 62, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FDF3058D360F05CF" box="[583,627,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 110 – 117" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[223,1363,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 110 – 117. Ooderella speculifrons n. sp., holotype ♀: 110, head, frontolateral; 111, head and pronotum, dorsal; 112, lateral habitus; 113, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 114, pronotum and mesoscutum; 115, axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 116, mesosoma, lateral; 117, gaster, dorsolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828821/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">112</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD36058D36CC05CF" box="[642,688,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 137 – 146" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,375,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[223,1363,375,1912]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 137 – 146. Ooderella stenoptera n. sp., holotype ♀: 137, head, frontal; 138, head, dorsal; 139, scape, outer surface; 140, lateral habitus; 141, antenna; 142, mandibles; 143, pronotum and mesoscutum; 144, axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 145, mesosoma, lateral; 146, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828827/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">140</figureCitation>
|
||
). Regardless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FCE6058C307105CE" box="[850,1037,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FCE6058C307105CE" box="[850,1037,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FBAA058C30A505CE" box="[1054,1241,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FBAA058C30A505CE" box="[1054,1241,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FAA2058C31E005CE" box="[1302,1436,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FAA2058C31E005CE" box="[1302,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost certainly represent a monophyletic lineage. As noted above, this is supported by females of the three species having the posterior mesoscutal setal tuft composed entirely of posteromedially directed setae. It is also supported by females having more strongly, cone-like produced pronotal corners (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FC7706163060065B" box="[963,1052,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 47</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FB9C06193028065B" box="[1064,1108,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">124</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FBD5061630F0065B" box="[1121,1164,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 155" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[223,1363,193,1827]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 155. Ooderella thegalea n. sp., holotype ♀: 147, head, frontal; 148, head and scape, lateral; 149, head and pronotum, dorsal; 150, antenna; 151 gaster, dorsal; 152, pronotum and mesoscutum; 153, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 154, mesosoma, lateral; 155, mesosoma, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828829/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">152</figureCitation>
|
||
) than those of the other species, an only coriaceous to coriaceous-imbricate rather than reticulate scrobal depression, and distinct tegular tufts of setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FE8006DE35F70693" box="[308,395,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 51</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FE2206DE35BE0693" box="[406,450,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">126</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FE7A06DE35870693" box="[462,507,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 155" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[223,1363,193,1827]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 155. Ooderella thegalea n. sp., holotype ♀: 147, head, frontal; 148, head and scape, lateral; 149, head and pronotum, dorsal; 150, antenna; 151 gaster, dorsal; 152, pronotum and mesoscutum; 153, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 154, mesosoma, lateral; 155, mesosoma, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828829/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">155</figureCitation>
|
||
), although females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FD4006C137F10693" box="[756,909,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FD4006C137F10693" box="[756,909,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have quite distinct tegular setal tufts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FADE06DE34BC06F7" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[225,1361,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Ooderella americana n. sp. ♀. 1 & 2, head: 1, frontolateral (2016 - 79); 2, lateral (holotype). 3, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 79). 4 – 7, holotype: 4, lateral habitus; 5, antenna [insert: mandibles]; 6, pronotum and mesoscutum; 7, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 8, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 79). 9, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828793/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 6, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the setae are obviously denser along the inner margin posteriorly in some other species. Monophyly of the three species is likely further supported by their longer fore wings and ventrally bare costal cell. Unlike other New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FF5006AD3529072E" box="[228,341,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FF5006AD3529072E" box="[228,341,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females with fore wings extending only to about the base of the gaster or less (i.e. excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FA3506AC34850703" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FA3506AC34850703" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the submarginal vein extends at most about two-thirds the length of the wing and there is a comparatively long, narrower membranous region extending beyond the costal cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FBCA071530A00766" box="[1150,1244,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FB58071531640766" box="[1260,1304,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">125</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FA9E071531240766" box="[1322,1368,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 147 – 155" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1848,1871]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[223,1363,193,1827]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 147 – 155. Ooderella thegalea n. sp., holotype ♀: 147, head, frontal; 148, head and scape, lateral; 149, head and pronotum, dorsal; 150, antenna; 151 gaster, dorsal; 152, pronotum and mesoscutum; 153, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 154, mesosoma, lateral; 155, mesosoma, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828829/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">153</figureCitation>
|
||
). The absence of any vein remnant in this membranous portion beyond the submarginal vein, unlike for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FB47073931E007BB" box="[1267,1436,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FB47073931E007BB" box="[1267,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), could indicate the apical membranous region is secondarily derived. If so, presence of the longest fore wings as well as quite distinct ocellocular marks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FD5007E137E107F3" box="[740,925,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FD5007E137E107F3" box="[740,925,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FC1A07FE307D07F3" box="[942,1025,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 53" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1363,195,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[224,1363,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 53. Ooderella melanosceles n. sp. ♀. 45 & 46, head (2016 - 83): 45, frontolateral; 46, lateral. 47, head and pronotum, dorsal (holotype). 48, antenna (2016 - 83). 49 – 53, holotype: 49, lateral habitus; 50, pronotum and mesoscutum; 51, mesosoma, lateral; 52, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 53, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828805/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
) and at least larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FB5707E131E707F3" box="[1251,1435,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FB5707E131E707F3" box="[1251,1435,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FF2B0785348307D7" box="[159,255,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 118 – 127" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1818,1841]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[223,1363,193,1797]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 118 – 127. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♀. 118 & 119, head, holotype: 118, frontal; 119, lateral. 120, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 89). 121, lateral habitus (holotype). 122 & 123, 2026 - 91: 122, antenna; 123, mandibles. 124 & 125, 2016 - 89: 124, pronotum and mesoscutum; 125, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 126, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 90). 127, gaster, dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828823/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||
) females support a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FE690784361C07D6" box="[477,608,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thegalea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FE690784361C07D6" box="[477,608,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. thegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FD3D0784373D07D6" box="[649,833,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FD3D0784373D07D6" box="[649,833,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. melanosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FCD40784306407D6" box="[864,1048,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FCD40784306407D6" box="[864,1048,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) relationship, although females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FF2307A93578002B" box="[151,260,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FF2307A93578002B" box="[151,260,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have quite distinct ocellocular marks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD5307A63746002B" box="[743,826,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 90 – 98" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[225,1361,193,1771]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 90 – 98. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♀. 90 – 93, 2016 - 86: 90, head, frontal; 91, head, lateral; 92, head and pronotum, dorsal; 93, lateral habitus. 94, lateral habitus (2015 - 4). 95, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 86). 96 & 97, 2015 - 4: 96, pronotum and mesoscutum; 97, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 98, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 86)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828815/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further, Afrotropical females have ocellocular marks whether or not the frons is smooth and shiny or distinctly sculptured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FC16004D307B000E" box="[930,1031,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 157</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FBA7004D3043000E" box="[1043,1087,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 165 – 173" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[225,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 165 – 173. Ooderella capensis n. sp. ♀. 165, head, frontal (2016 - 94). 166 – 173, 2016 - 93: 166, head, lateral; 167, head and pronotum, dorsal; 168, lateral habitus; 169, antenna [insert: mandibles (2016 - 94)]; 170, pronotum and mesoscutum; 171, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 172, mesosoma, lateral; 173, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828833/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">167</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FBFF004D300B000E" box="[1099,1143,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">176</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FB37004D30D3000E" box="[1155,1199,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 185 – 193" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[223,1363,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 185 – 193. Ooderella kenyaensis n. sp. ♀. 185 – 188, holotype: 185, head, frontal; 186, head and pronotum, dorsal; 187, lateral habitus; 188, mesosoma, dorsal. 189 – 192, 2016 - 95: 189, pronotum and mesoscutum; 190, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 191, antenna; 192, mandibles. 193, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828837/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">186</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FB0F004D3095000E" box="[1211,1257,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">196</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFEFFFF4FF73006E3076034B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Monophyly of the five recognized Afrotropical species may be supported by females sharing a similar syntergal structure in which one or a few transverse rows of setae differentiate a bare, convexly inclined basal region from a more horizontal, bare syntergal flange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD4400D63729009B" box="[752,853,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 164</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FCD500D937F1009B" box="[865,909,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">184</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FC2D00D937BA009B" box="[921,966,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 185 – 193" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[223,1363,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 185 – 193. Ooderella kenyaensis n. sp. ♀. 185 – 188, holotype: 185, head, frontal; 186, head and pronotum, dorsal; 187, lateral habitus; 188, mesosoma, dorsal. 189 – 192, 2016 - 95: 189, pronotum and mesoscutum; 190, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 191, antenna; 192, mandibles. 193, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828837/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">193</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FC6500D93783009B" box="[977,1023,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">204</figureCitation>
|
||
). All Afrotropical females also share a conspicuously highly convex head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD8D00FD36E100FE" box="[569,669,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 158</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD1C00FD36A800FE" box="[680,724,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 165 – 173" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[225,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 165 – 173. Ooderella capensis n. sp. ♀. 165, head, frontal (2016 - 94). 166 – 173, 2016 - 93: 166, head, lateral; 167, head and pronotum, dorsal; 168, lateral habitus; 169, antenna [insert: mandibles (2016 - 94)]; 170, pronotum and mesoscutum; 171, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 172, mesosoma, lateral; 173, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828833/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">166</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD5400FD377000FE" box="[736,780,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">175</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FCA300FD373F00FF" box="[791,835,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 185 – 193" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[223,1363,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 185 – 193. Ooderella kenyaensis n. sp. ♀. 185 – 188, holotype: 185, head, frontal; 186, head and pronotum, dorsal; 187, lateral habitus; 188, mesosoma, dorsal. 189 – 192, 2016 - 95: 189, pronotum and mesoscutum; 190, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 191, antenna; 192, mandibles. 193, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828837/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">187</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FCFA00FD370500FE" box="[846,889,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">195</figureCitation>
|
||
) whether or not the frons is distinctly sculptured. This head structure must be convergent to that of some New World species if the New World species are monophyletic. Further, the gaster is variably paler subbasally, dorsally and/or laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FB3600A530950136" box="[1154,1257,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 164</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FB4300A5315F0136" box="[1271,1315,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 165 – 173" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1838,1861]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[225,1361,195,1817]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 165 – 173. Ooderella capensis n. sp. ♀. 165, head, frontal (2016 - 94). 166 – 173, 2016 - 93: 166, head, lateral; 167, head and pronotum, dorsal; 168, lateral habitus; 169, antenna [insert: mandibles (2016 - 94)]; 170, pronotum and mesoscutum; 171, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 172, mesosoma, lateral; 173, gaster, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828833/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">168</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FA8500A531210137" box="[1329,1373,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">182</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FADF00A531EB0137" box="[1387,1431,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 185 – 193" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,194,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[223,1363,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 185 – 193. Ooderella kenyaensis n. sp. ♀. 185 – 188, holotype: 185, head, frontal; 186, head and pronotum, dorsal; 187, lateral habitus; 188, mesosoma, dorsal. 189 – 192, 2016 - 95: 189, pronotum and mesoscutum; 190, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 191, antenna; 192, mandibles. 193, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal (holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828837/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">193</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FF23014934BF010B" box="[151,195,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 194 – 204" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[225,1361,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 194 – 204. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♀. 194, head, frontal (2016 - 96). 195, head, lateral (holotype). 196, head and pronotum, dorsal (2016 - 96). 197, lateral habitus (2015 - 5). 198, antenna (2016 - 97). 199, fore wing (2015 - 5). 200, mandibles (2016 - 98). 201 & 202, 2016 - 96: 201, pronotum and mesoscutum; 202, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings. 203, mesosoma, lateral (2016 - 98). 204, gaster, dorsal (2016 - 96) [insert: syntergum, lateral (holotype)]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828839/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">204</figureCitation>
|
||
) in all Afrotropical females except for some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FCD401493798010B" box="[864,996,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FCD401493798010B" box="[864,996,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Again, similar subbasally pale gastral color patterns in some New World species must be convergent if the New World and Afrotropical species each represent monophyletic lineages. The ovipositor sheaths are short and the fore wings are setose in all Afrotropical species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FEF501D4359701A7" box="[321,491,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FEF501D4359701A7" box="[321,491,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FE4F01D536E701A7" box="[507,667,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 174 – 184" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[225,1361,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 174 – 184. Ooderella gymnosoma n. sp., holotype, ♀: 174, head, frontal; 175, head, lateral; 176, head and pronotum, dorsal; 177, lateral habitus; 178, antenna; 179, mandibles; 180, pronotum and mesoscutum; 181, mesosoma, lateral; 182, gaster, dorsal; 183, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 184, syntergum, posterolateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828835/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 177, 183</figureCitation>
|
||
), though the former two states likely are symplesiomorphic and the bare fore wing membrane and long ovipositor sheaths of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FCA101F937C101FB" box="[789,957,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FCA101F937C101FB" box="[789,957,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely convergent to similar states in some New World species. As noted above, the different mesoscutal setal patterns of females could support
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FAB6019C31E001DE" box="[1282,1436,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FAB6019C31E001DE" box="[1282,1436,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FF0501A1354B0233" box="[177,311,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FF0501A1354B0233" box="[177,311,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FEC001A136630233" box="[372,543,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FEC001A136630233" box="[372,543,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FDF001A136910233" box="[580,749,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FDF001A136910233" box="[580,749,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as species pairs, though if the setal pattern of the last two species represent the groundplan state the different setal patterns would indicate the following relationship:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FA3502443561026B" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FA3502443561026B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FEC702693666026B" box="[371,538,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FEC702693666026B" box="[371,538,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FDF7026936A2026B" box="[579,734,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FDF7026936A2026B" box="[579,734,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. kenyaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FCB3026937DE026B" box="[775,930,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FCB3026937DE026B" box="[775,930,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FC7502693038026B" box="[961,1092,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FC7502693038026B" box="[961,1092,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)). The similarly reduced wing venation clearly not extending to the apical margin of the wing shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FC50020C3003024E" box="[996,1151,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FC50020C3003024E" box="[996,1151,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FB0C020C3141024F" box="[1208,1341,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FB0C020C3141024F" box="[1208,1341,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females could further support their sister-group relationship. Females of the three other Afrotropical species have the venation extending to the apical wing margin with a variably distinctly differentiated apical portion possibly representing a remnant of the marginal/postmarginal veins or, in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FC42029930E302DB" box="[1014,1183,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FC42029930E302DB" box="[1014,1183,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the submarginal vein clearly not extending to the wing margin but with a detached remnant of the marginal/postmarginal veins still evident apically. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FE680341360B0313" box="[476,631,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FE680341360B0313" box="[476,631,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FD04034137480313" box="[688,820,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FD04034137480313" box="[688,820,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FC27034130400313" box="[915,1084,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gymnosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FC27034130400313" box="[915,1084,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. gymnosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FBC1034131600313" box="[1141,1308,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FBC1034131600313" box="[1141,1308,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also share similar propodeal structures that could support the four species as two species pairs, but the groundplan propodeal structure and therefore likely structural transformation series remain uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFEFFFF5FF73032D35580693" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FEFD032C359F03AE" box="[329,483,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="botswanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FEFD032C359F03AE" box="[329,483,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. botswanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a sulcus or light-colored line extending mediolongitudinally on the frons below the anterior ocellus into the scrobal depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FD0603F137320382" box="[690,846,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 156, 157</figureCitation>
|
||
) in addition to distinct ocellocular marks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEFFFF4FA9903F131EC0382" box="[1325,1424,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 156 – 164" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1910,1933]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,194,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[223,1363,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 156 – 164. Ooderella botswanae n. sp. ♀. 156, head, frontal (2016 - 92). 157 – 160, holotype: 157, head and pronotum, dorsal; 158, lateral habitus; 159, antenna; 160, mandibles. 161, pronotum and mesoscutum (2016 - 92). 162 – 164, holotype: 162, scutellar-axillar complex to propodeum plus wings; 163, mesosoma, lateral; 164, gaster [insert: syntergum], dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828831/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 157</figureCitation>
|
||
). Females of the Afrotropical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEFFFF4FDA80394368C03E6" authority="Gibson" authorityName="Gibson" box="[540,752,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Cervicosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEFFFF4FDA8039436E503E7" box="[540,665,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cervicosus</emphasis>
|
||
Gibson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a similar head structure, including being highly convex with an even more distinct mediolongitudinal sulcus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FD4104C6309C048B" author="Gibson" box="[757,1248,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995, character 10, state 2; fig. 451</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and ocellocular marks, though females are perhaps at least superficially more similar to females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FBE004EC308104EE" box="[1108,1277,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyscapus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FBE004EC308104EE" box="[1108,1277,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. platyscapus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the scape conspicuously compressed, a more finely sculptured mesoscutum, and a comparatively long pronotum. In addition to having an elongate-pentagonal pronotum with subparallel sides,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FBF1055430BE0527" box="[1093,1218,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Cervicosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FBF1055430BE0527" box="[1093,1218,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cervicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females are also brachypterous and have a strongly transverse propodeum that most closely resembles the propodea of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FAA3057931E0057B" box="[1303,1436,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FAA3057931E0057B" box="[1303,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF7F051C352E055F" box="[203,338,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FF7F051C352E055F" box="[203,338,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">O. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unlike for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FE5C051D3625055E" box="[488,601,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FE5C051D3625055E" box="[488,601,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the dorsal surface of the pronotum is essentially in one plane without a distinctly differentiated collar and neck.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FD5D053E37F305B3" author="Gibson" box="[745,911,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished two species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FB580521311405BC" box="[1260,1384,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Cervicosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FB580521311405BC" box="[1260,1384,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cervicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and although he hypothesized the two constituted a monophyletic lineage he also postulated that recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF2305E9356805F4" box="[151,276,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Cervicosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FF2305E9356805F4" box="[151,276,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cervicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might render
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FE0805E6365105EB" box="[444,557,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FE0805E6365105EB" box="[444,557,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paraphyletic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FD6005E637A605EB" author="Gibson" box="[724,986,439,464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995, fig. 519</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), simply representing two Afrotropical species in which the pronotum was secondarily ‘flattened’ in the common ancestor so that the abruptly differentiated collar and neck diagnostic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FD3005AE36890623" box="[644,757,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FD3005AE36890623" box="[644,757,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was lost. Another difference between species of the two genera is that fl1 is more strongly reduced, anelliform, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FC2D067430690607" box="[921,1045,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Cervicosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FC2D067430690607" box="[921,1045,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cervicosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two genera could each be monophyletic sister-genera if the longer fl1 characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FC8D061637D6065B" box="[825,938,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FC8D061637D6065B" box="[825,938,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is secondarily derived, but unfortunately the present study provides no new information in resolving relationships between these two genera or other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF2306DE355D0693" box="[151,289,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFEEFFF5FF7306E5358F0376" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
MALES. Even though males were unknown for the genus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FCD706E5301106F6" author="Gibson" box="[867,1133,692,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995, fig. 519)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FB6806E5313106F6" box="[1244,1357,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FB6806E5313106F6" box="[1244,1357,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within a clade of genera supported by four hypothesized synapomorphies, two of which based on males—ventral margin of torulus approximately in line with lower orbit (character 48, state 2), and flagellum filiform with both setae and mps short and dense, and the mps in multiple rows per segment (character 50, state 2b). However, New World males here interpreted as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FE0B0715364C0766" box="[447,560,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FE0B0715364C0766" box="[447,560,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the toruli quite obviously above the lower orbit (character 48, state 1) (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FF640736354807BB" box="[208,308,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 101</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FEF40739351107BB" box="[320,365,872,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 136" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[224,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 136. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♂. 128 & 129, head: 128, frontal (allotype); 129, dorsal (2016 - 99). 130 – 134, allotype: 130, lateral habitus; 131, antenna; 132, pedicel to fl 3; 133, mesosoma, dorsal; 134, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 135, fore wing (2016 - 99). 136, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828825/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">128</figureCitation>
|
||
), though this is affected by differences in the angle at which the head is viewed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FB490736312D07BB" box="[1277,1361,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both New and Old World males also have a flagellum with very short and sparse setae, and either dense mps that are quite short and in multiple rows along each funicular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FD4307FE373207F3" box="[759,846,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 85</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FCEE07FE37FA07F3" box="[858,902,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">105</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FC2607E137C107F3" box="[914,957,944,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">209</figureCitation>
|
||
) (character 50, state 2c; fig. 370) or with a long, apically free portion such that each mps superficially appears as an apically directed seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FB0B0785316207D7" box="[1215,1310,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 136" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[224,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 136. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♂. 128 & 129, head: 128, frontal (allotype); 129, dorsal (2016 - 99). 130 – 134, allotype: 130, lateral habitus; 131, antenna; 132, pedicel to fl 3; 133, mesosoma, dorsal; 134, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 135, fore wing (2016 - 99). 136, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828825/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 132</figureCitation>
|
||
) (character 50, state 2d; fig. 371). These two latter flagellar
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8826FFEEFFF5FD0707A93692002B" box="[691,750,1016,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are characteristic of what
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FBA207A630C4002B" author="Gibson" box="[1046,1208,1015,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
keyed, respectively, as males of “?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FEFC004D35B9000E" box="[328,453,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Reikosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FEFC004D35B9000E" box="[328,453,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Reikosiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group 3” (couplet 40) and “?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FC9C004D37D9000E" box="[808,933,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Reikosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FC9C004D37D9000E" box="[808,933,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Reikosiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group 4” (couplet 39).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FB0F004D311C000F" author="Gibson" box="[1211,1376,1052,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (2017) Synonymy of Reikosiella Yoshimoto under Merostenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a checklist of world species and a revision of those species with brachypterous females. Zootaxa, 4255 (1), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2017">Gibson (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FE87006E35CC0063" box="[307,432,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Reikosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FE87006E35CC0063" box="[307,432,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Reikosiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FE48001036A80063" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[508,724,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FE48001036020063" box="[508,638,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and considered true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FC09001030430063" box="[957,1087,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FC09001030430063" box="[957,1087,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males to have a flagellum with variably sparse but comparatively long setae at least about as long as the width of the funicular, and if with dense mps then these long and not in multiple rows per funicular. The above differentiation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FB1400D6316D009B" box="[1184,1297,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FB1400D6316D009B" box="[1184,1297,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF4C00FC350600FF" box="[248,378,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FF4C00FC350600FF" box="[248,378,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on some males with
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8826FFEEFFF5FD7D00FC368500FE" box="[713,761,1197,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
3 and
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8826FFEEFFF5FCF200FC370A00FE" box="[838,886,1197,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
4 flagella being associated with females through identical label data, as well as the males sharing some morphological features with females. Although mesoscutal sculpture is variable, most New World males here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FCE900A537B10136" box="[861,973,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FCE900A537B10136" box="[861,973,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have quite a coarsely meshlike reticulate mesoscutum, which is also characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FD3701463688010B" box="[643,756,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FD3701463688010B" box="[643,756,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FCEB0148379B010B" author="Fusu" box="[863,999,1304,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Fusu, L. (2013) A revision of the Palaearctic species of Reikosiella (Hirticauda) (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae. Zootaxa, 3636 (1), 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2013">Fusu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the males of three Palearctic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FEAD016C35E7016F" box="[281,411,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FEAD016C35E7016F" box="[281,411,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as imbricate-coriaceous and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FD4C016D37DD016F" author="Gibson" box="[760,929,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (2017) Synonymy of Reikosiella Yoshimoto under Merostenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a checklist of world species and a revision of those species with brachypterous females. Zootaxa, 4255 (1), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2017">Gibson (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described males of some other Old Word
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF23013035650143" box="[151,281,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FF23013035650143" box="[151,281,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species as being variably more strongly reticulate in part. Some small individuals I identify as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF2301D5357401A6" box="[151,264,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FF2301D5357401A6" box="[151,264,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males have quite a finely sculptured mesoscutum, but at least New World males I identify as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FAAE01D431E001A7" box="[1306,1436,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FAAE01D431E001A7" box="[1306,1436,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the mesoscutum meshlike coriaceous to coriaceous-imbricate. Also, some of the males I identify as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FA9F01F631E701FB" box="[1323,1435,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FA9F01F631E701FB" box="[1323,1435,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a transversely Π-like scrobal depression that resembles the scrobal depression of some females with identical collections records, and most have a vertical line of weakness or light-colored sulcus within the scrobal depression (character 47, state 2;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FE240245359A0217" box="[400,486,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 81 – 89" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,338,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[223,1363,337,1849]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 81 – 89. Ooderella setosa n. sp. ♂. 81 & 82, head: 81, frontal (allotype); 82, dorsal (2016 - 100). 83, lateral habitus (allotype). 84, mandibles (2016 - 101). 85, antenna [insert: pedicel to fl 3] (allotype). 86 – 88, 20165 - 100: 86, fore wing; 87; mesosoma, dorsal; 88, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 89, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828813/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 81</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FE47024536630217" box="[499,543,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">101</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FD9F0245362B0217" box="[555,599,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 136" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1898,1921]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[224,1362,445,1877]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 136. Ooderella spinositegula n. sp. ♂. 128 & 129, head: 128, frontal (allotype); 129, dorsal (2016 - 99). 130 – 134, allotype: 130, lateral habitus; 131, antenna; 132, pedicel to fl 3; 133, mesosoma, dorsal; 134, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 135, fore wing (2016 - 99). 136, mesosoma, lateral (allotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828825/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">128</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FDD7024536ED0216" box="[611,657,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">205</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FC36024430780217" box="[898,1028,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FC36024430780217" box="[898,1028,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often have a small depression or pit at the apex of the interantennal prominence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FD280266374F026B" author="Gibson" box="[668,819,1591,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 407, 408;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FC5E02683019026B" author="Fusu" box="[1002,1125,1592,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Fusu, L. (2013) A revision of the Palaearctic species of Reikosiella (Hirticauda) (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae. Zootaxa, 3636 (1), 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2013">Fusu 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 43), but not a vertical sulcus or lighter-colored line within the scrobal depression. However, doubt remains concerning generic identity of males identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FECC022E359502A3" box="[376,489,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FECC022E359502A3" box="[376,489,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FDF702D036B902A3" box="[579,709,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FDF702D036B902A3" box="[579,709,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because some New World males identified as one or the other genus have similar fore wing setal patterns. Some males assigned to both genera have a dorsally bare region (speculum) on the fore wing disc delineated basally by the basal setal line and posteriorly by the mediocubital setal line, though often the bare region is obscured by setae on the ventral surface. More reliable differentiation of males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF02035E355A0313" box="[182,294,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FF02035E355A0313" box="[182,294,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FED40340359E0313" box="[352,482,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Merostenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FED40340359E0313" box="[352,482,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Merostenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requires definitive association of the sexes through rearing or, more practicable and feasible, through COI analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFEEFFF2FF730306366E057B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,861]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Those males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FECC03063595034B" box="[376,489,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FECC03063595034B" box="[376,489,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a flagellum with short mps in multiple overlapping rows and very short setae (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFEEFFF5FF64032D355303AE" box="[208,303,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 101 – 109" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[223,1363,409,1931]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 101 – 109. Ooderella smithii Ashmead ♂. 101 & 102, head (2016 - 103): 101, frontal; 102, dorsal. 103 – 109, 2016 - 102: 103, lateral habitus; 104, antenna; 105, pedicel to fl 3; 106, mesosoma, dorsal; 107, mesosoma, dorsolateral; 108, mesosoma, lateral; 109, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828819/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 105</figureCitation>
|
||
) can be mistaken for males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FD38032D368603A8" box="[652,762,1916,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Anastatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FD38032D368603A8" box="[652,762,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FCBD032D307E03AE" author="Gibson" box="[777,1026,1916,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995, fig. 362</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or those
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FBC0032D317A03AE" box="[1140,1286,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Zaischnopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FBC0032D317A03AE" box="[1140,1286,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zaischnopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males with a similar flagellar structure that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFEEFFF5FDB703F137610382" author="Gibson" box="[515,797,1952,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson (1995, fig. 361)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated within the genus as “flagellar
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8826FFEEFFF5FA8903F031110382" box="[1341,1389,1953,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1”.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FF230395357A03E0" box="[151,262,1988,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Anastatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FF230395357A03E0" box="[151,262,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males always have bidentate mandibles whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFEEFFF5FCCF0395307103E6" box="[891,1037,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Zaischnopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFEEFFF5FCCF0395307103E6" box="[891,1037,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zaischnopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males have distinctly tridentate mandibles, though because of variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FD2804C63771048B" box="[668,781,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FD2804C63771048B" box="[668,781,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this is not necessarily helpful in correctly identifying
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FF2304ED357404EE" box="[151,264,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FF2304ED357404EE" box="[151,264,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males. However, typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FD9904ED36E704E8" box="[557,667,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Anastatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FD9904ED36E704E8" box="[557,667,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FD6304ED371504EE" box="[727,873,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Zaischnopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FD6304ED371504EE" box="[727,873,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zaischnopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FBF004ED30C904EE" box="[1092,1205,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FBF004ED30C904EE" box="[1092,1205,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males in having fl2 curved in lateral view or at least having the ventral surface slightly concave (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B75FFE9FFF2FC4C048E314C04C3" author="Gibson" box="[1016,1328,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Gibson, G. A. P. (1995) Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 5, i - v + 1 - 421." type="journal article" year="1995">Gibson 1995, figs 361, 362</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further, such New World males have the toruli inserted obviously closer to the oral margin than the anterior ocellus at or somewhat below the lower orbits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B883684FFE9FFF2FF73051C37A30767" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5F3CD9FFE9FFF2FF73051C37A30767" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572325456" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="Although I & Because & Males & They & New World & Fig. & However & Relatively" country="Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad" county="Neotropical region" location="Of" municipality="Of" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="43" specimenCount-male="43" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
I have seen
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D31FD0DFFE9FFF2FEE7051D35C5055E" box="[339,441,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">43 males</specimenCount>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E94E08FFE9FFF2FD9A051D377F055E" box="[558,771,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Neotropical region</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207614FFE9FFF2FCA1051D3117055E" box="[789,1387,332,357]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207614FFE9FFF2FF23053E357005B3" box="[151,268,367,392]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) that I distinguish as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FDB4053E360C05B3" box="[512,624,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FDB4053E360C05B3" box="[512,624,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BECACFEFFE9FFF2FD7D053E369A05B3" box="[713,742,367,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Of</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
these, I assign 21 to three species—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FB300521309105B3" box="[1156,1261,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FB300521309105B3" box="[1156,1261,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FB480521311705B3" box="[1276,1387,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FB480521311705B3" box="[1276,1387,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FF2305C435320596" box="[151,334,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FF2305C435320596" box="[151,334,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based primarily on the males being co-collected with females.
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE9FFF2FBAD05C5304A0596" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE9FFF2FBAD05C5304A0596" box="[1049,1078,404,429]" country="Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad" county="Neotropical region" municipality="Of" name="Of" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Florida">Of</location>
|
||
the remaining 21 (all
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED26AE41FFE9FFF2FA9A05C531150597" box="[1326,1385,404,428]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
) not assigned to species, 3 have flagellar structures similar to that described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FC5E05E930DE05EB" box="[1002,1186,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinositegula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FC5E05E930DE05EB" box="[1002,1186,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. spinositegula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the other 19 have flagellar structures similar to that described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FD4C058C371E05CF" box="[760,866,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FD4C058C371E05CF" box="[760,866,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FC28058C307105CE" box="[924,1037,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FC28058C307105CE" box="[924,1037,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE9FFF2FBA9058D300D05CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE9FFF2FBA9058D300D05CE" box="[1053,1137,476,501]" country="Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad" county="Neotropical region" municipality="Of" name="Several" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Florida">Several</location>
|
||
are most similar to males described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FE9C065135EC0623" box="[296,400,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FE9C065135EC0623" box="[296,400,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and might be this species, but they are not included in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C8826FFE9FFF2FB91065130290623" box="[1061,1109,512,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series because they were not collected with females and mostly are from different localities than females.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FC4F0675300A0607" box="[1019,1142,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Although I</collectorName>
|
||
have not seen any female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FF2306163574065B" box="[151,264,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FF2306163574065B" box="[151,264,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern USA, two males (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED26AE41FFE9FFF2FD3C061936B9065B" box="[648,709,584,608]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3F866FFE9FFF2FCA20616371B065B" box="[790,871,583,608]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
are very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FBF9061930C4065B" box="[1101,1208,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FBF9061930C4065B" box="[1101,1208,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FAA70619310C0664" box="[1299,1392,584,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Because</collectorName>
|
||
the latter species is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3207614FFE9FFF2FE54063D364306BE" box="[480,575,620,645]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3F866FFE9FFF2FD74063D376F06BE" box="[704,787,620,645]" country="Botswana" name="Central" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
America it is quite possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FB39063C308B06BF" box="[1165,1271,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FB39063C308B06BF" box="[1165,1271,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. setosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs also in subtropical
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F3F866FFE9FFF2FEAB06DE350C0693" box="[287,368,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see under this species).
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FD1406DE36980693" box="[672,740,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Males</collectorName>
|
||
are known for only one of the species described from the
|
||
<location id="8EE8605FFFE9FFF2FF2306E5350906F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E8792FFE1FFF2FF23071537A30767:8EE8605FFFE9FFF2FF2306E5350906F6" box="[151,373,692,717]" country="Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad" county="Neotropical region" municipality="Of" name="Afrotropical region" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Florida">Afrotropical region</location>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FE3506E535C706F6" box="[385,443,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">They</collectorName>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FDD606E4369806F6" box="[610,740,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New World</collectorName>
|
||
males assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FC0A06E5305306F6" box="[958,1071,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FC0A06E5305306F6" box="[958,1071,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having very short and sparse flagellar setae, but differ in having much shorter funiculars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE9FFF2FC8E068637E506CB" box="[826,921,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FC8E0686371B06CB" box="[826,871,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
208
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) and longer mps extending most of the length of the funicular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE9FFF2FEE806AD35BD072F" box="[348,449,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FEE806AD35F6072E" box="[348,394,764,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
209
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FE6306AC3643072F" box="[471,575,765,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">However</collectorName>
|
||
, the two known males do have a yellowish line between the interantennal prominence and anterior ocellus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE9FFF2FDA7074E36090703" box="[531,629,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FDA7074E363D0703" box="[531,577,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
205
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), which supports an association with
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FBAB077130DD0703" box="[1055,1185,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New World</collectorName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C374D07FFE9FFF2FB1D074E31650703" box="[1193,1305,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Ooderella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943EA96FFE9FFF2FB1D074E31650703" box="[1193,1305,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ooderella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FA9D074E31E00703" box="[1321,1436,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Relatively</collectorName>
|
||
distinct ocellocular marks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C2A01FFE9FFF2FE730715365B0766" box="[455,551,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 205 – 213" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,546,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[223,1363,545,1956]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 205 – 213. Ooderella platyscapus n. sp. ♂ (2016 - 104): 205, head, frontal; 206, head, dorsal; 207, lateral habitus; 208, antenna; 209, pedicle to fl 3; 210, mesosoma, dorsal; 211, mesosoma, dorsolateral. 212, mesosoma, lateral; 213, fore wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/828841/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C25352FFE9FFF2FE73071535890766" box="[455,501,836,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
206
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) also supports association of the sexes.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |