210 lines
20 KiB
XML
210 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="76DCF85FD688A036B894E91772D75126" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2000)244<0001:MOTRJA>2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5347311" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630203687125" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="PATTON, JAMES L., DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F. & MALCOLM, JAY R." docDate="2000" docId="039E01774B02D817FC8536F1B3A7FDF7" docLanguage="en" docName="B244.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (244)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0090(2000)244%3C0001%3AMOTRJA%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Sciurus spadiceus Olfers 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFA7790F4B54D840FFB7335EB74EFFCF" masterDocTitle="Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1699183939665" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="ADD66A2662E0C5B20ECEC45F717F8DBF">Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8C7CCE9619D079EEAFCDF1C94EA9E582">PATTON, JAMES L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0025C40FB8C59FF9DA09BCF71B922AC3">DA SILVA, MARIA NAZARETH F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="451B243740B0B6C489F77228DB9B9B38">MALCOLM, JAY R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="033DA3F42D3C4C80EAAD934C682DFE66">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="07E0C59EB3C13CF6935019939DCAC5ED">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="2E03F1F34FF717F3143EFA14CF0462E2" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090(2000)244<0001:MOTRJA>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B02D816FC8536F1B3FEFA3E" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B02D816FC8536F1B3FEFA3E" blockId="86.[806,1200,1454,1521]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<heading id="D0C0070D4B02D816FC8536F1B3FEFA3E" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B02D816FC8536F1B3EDFA0A" ID-CoL="7WTGJ" authority="Olfers, 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[818,1187,1454,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B02D816FC8536F1B348FA09" box="[818,1030,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sciurus spadiceus</emphasis>
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Olfers, 1818
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</taxonomicName>
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Southern Amazonian red squirrel
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B02D816FCB73558B34AF997" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B02D816FCB73558B34AF997" blockId="86.[739,1268,1542,1742]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B02D816FCB73558B477F9D2" box="[768,825,1542,1565]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">TYPE</typeStatus>
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LOCALITY: ‘‘
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<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B02D816FC553558B378F9D2" box="[994,1078,1542,1565]" name="Brazil" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,’’ restricted by Hershkovitz (1959) to Cuyabá (= Cuiaba´) Estado do
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<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B02D816FCD4351FB34EF997" box="[867,1024,1601,1624]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B02D817FCB73500B624FD27" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B02D817FCB73500B624FD27" blockId="86.[739,1268,1542,1742]" lastBlockId="87.[167,696,193,1742]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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DESCRIPTION: Similar in size and general color to
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B02D816FCDF3522B353F95C" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" box="[872,1053,1660,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igniventris">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B02D816FCDF3522B439F95C" box="[872,887,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B02D816FC213522B353F95C" box="[918,1053,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">igniventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Patton, 1984; Lawrence, 1988; Emmons and Feer, 1997),
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B02D816FD5435E9B430F901" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[739,894,1718,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B02D816FD5435E9B5BCF901" box="[739,754,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B02D816FCBC35E9B430F901" box="[779,894,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">spadiceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by its somewhat more grizzled overall dorsal coloration, lack of orange postauricular patches, and distinctly orange dorsal surfaces mixed with black on both fore and hind feet. The thighs are a uniform rust, somewhat darker in tone than those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FDA6320AB5FEFEA4" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" box="[529,688,340,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igniventris">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FDA6320AB56EFEA4" box="[529,544,340,363]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FD83320AB5FEFEA4" box="[564,688,340,363]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">igniventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The venter of all Rio Juruá specimens is sparsely covered with white hairs. The tail is similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FE3E32F2B54BFE0C" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" box="[393,517,428,451]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igniventris">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FE3E32F2B54BFE0C" box="[393,517,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">igniventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the hairs have only four alternating bands of black and orange. Cranially,
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FE3732B9B55FFE31" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[384,529,486,510]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FE3732B9B6C1FE31" box="[384,399,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FE2932B9B55FFE31" box="[414,529,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">spadiceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FEC5315AB55FFDD4" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" box="[370,529,516,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igniventris">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FEC5315AB6CFFDD4" box="[370,385,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FE22315AB55FFDD4" box="[405,529,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">igniventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its somewhat larger size, distinctly longer and narrower rostrum, longer diastema, and narrow er palate, among other dimensions (fig. 60, table 19, and Patton, 1984). The upper incisors also are distinctly more proodont in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FD1631C9B654FD04" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FD1631C9B5FEFD61" box="[673,688,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FF1031EAB654FD04" box="[167,282,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">spadiceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but more orthodont to opisthodont in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FF70318FB62DFD27" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" box="[199,355,721,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igniventris">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FF70318FB798FD27" box="[199,214,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FF50318FB62DFD27" box="[231,355,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">igniventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B03D817FF7331B0B691FA9F" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B03D817FF7331B0B6A8FB87" blockId="87.[167,696,193,1742]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Emmons and Feer (1997) mapped the range of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FDFB3052B795FC8F" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FDFB3052B515FCEC" box="[588,603,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FDD93052B795FC8F" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">spadiceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to include the western Amazonia from southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B03D817FEF73018B6FDFC92" box="[320,435,838,861]" name="Colombia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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south to northern
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<collectingCountry id="F320F0F14B03D817FD3C3018B793FCB4" name="Bolivia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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, east largely south of the Solimões Amazonas axis, and west of the Rio Tapajós to the northern Pantanal. This range includes the entire Río Ucayali, Rio Jurua´, Rio Madeira, and Rio Purus drainages. As with
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FD163087B66DFBC1" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igniventris">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FD163087B5FEFC3F" box="[673,688,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FF1030A9B66DFBC1" box="[167,291,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">igniventris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, we either collected or saw this species only in mature or disturbed terra firme forest, never in várzea.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B03D817FF733710B691FA9F" blockId="87.[167,696,193,1742]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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REPRODUCTION: We caught scrotal males at Colocação Sabiá (locality f) in September and at Ocidente (locality b) in February. At the latter locality and time period, we also caught one lactating female with three placental scars, along with a subadult male and subadult female. As limited as these data are, it would appear that
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FE1F3642B573FAFC" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[424,573,1308,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FE1F3642B6F9FAFC" box="[424,439,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FE7D3642B573FAFC" box="[458,573,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">spadiceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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breeds in both dry and wet seasons.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DE3EA4B03D817FF723608B3A7FDF7" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B88B0614B03D817FF723608B4ECFE2F" blockId="87.[167,696,193,1742]" lastBlockId="87.[743,1271,193,569]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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COMMENTS: Thomas (1926) described
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FF10362AB6A2FA44" box="[167,492,1396,1419]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhonotus" subSpecies="juralis">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FF10362AB6A2FA44" box="[167,492,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Sciurus pyrrhonotus juralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with
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<typeStatus id="548C0EC34B03D817FD8D362AB522FA44" box="[570,620,1396,1419]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
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locality of João Pessoa (= Eirunepe´), Rio Jurua´, and Vieira (1948) recorded additional specimens from Igarapé Grande, both situated on the Rio Juruá between our Upper and Lower Central regions (see comments and gazetteer in Patterson, 1992). Our specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FD16357AB654F997" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FD16357AB5FEF9F4" box="[673,688,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FF10351FB654F997" box="[167,282,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">spadiceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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all come from localities upriver from Eirunepé (Upper Central or Headwaters regions, fig. 1), but we saw squirrels clearly belonging to the same taxon at Penedo (locality
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FF4635E8B64EF901" bold="true" box="[241,256,1718,1742]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">7</emphasis>
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), also above Eirunepe´, and both Al tamira (
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<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FCF0339FB418FF16" bold="true" box="[839,854,193,217]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">9</emphasis>
|
||
) and Barro Vermelho (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FBCE339FB3D8FF16" bold="true" box="[1145,1174,193,217]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">12</emphasis>
|
||
) downriver from that town (Lower Central Region) Our specimens cannot be distinguished by any cranial dimension from those from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F37E834B03D817FD503268B436FE82" box="[743,888,310,333]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Río Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
or upper Río Purus in eastern Peru´, which are clearly assignable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FB19320AB455FE47" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FB19320AB455FE47" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">spadiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Patton, 1984). Consequently, we agree with Hoffmann et al. (1993), who list ed both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FCF132F2B49AFE0C" box="[838,980,428,451]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhonotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FCF132F2B49AFE0C" box="[838,980,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">pyrrhonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FBB932F2B314FE0C" box="[1038,1114,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">juralis</emphasis>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37CBE24B03D817FCBE3297B4D2FE2F" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[777,924,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spadiceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FCBE3297B456FE2F" box="[777,792,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FC9E3297B4D2FE2F" box="[809,924,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">spadiceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88B0614B03D817FCB332B8B3A7FDF7" blockId="87.[743,1271,193,569]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
SPECIMENS EXAMINED (n = 12): (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FB3032B8B3D9FE31" bold="true" box="[1159,1175,486,510]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">b</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B03D817FB1D32B8B39CFE32" box="[1194,1234,486,509]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="5.0">5m</quantity>
|
||
, 4 MNFS 989–992, 1007, 1041–1042, 1050 1338; (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9436C734B03D817FC8A317FB409FDF6" bold="true" box="[829,839,545,569]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">f</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF1D844B03D817FCED317FB431FDF7" box="[858,895,545,568]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
|
||
— JLP 15655, 15665–15666.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |